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The objective of this article is to answer the question: What future aspirations do students of anthropological careers in Mexico have? For this, the results of the “Encuesta de estudiantes de Antropología 2019” were analyzed, which investigates the expectations that students have about their future through the questions: “When you finish your degree, would you like to […]” and “When you are professional you expect […]”. Among the results of this analysis, it stands out that the economic, labor and academic aspirations of anthropological career students do not radically differ from the aspirations of other higher education students, but that the meaning they attribute to them acquires a particular meaning due to the experiences they live in the anthropological training process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ante un panorama económico adverso, jóvenes de contextos rurales e indígenas de Huasca de Ocampo, Pacula, Tasquillo e Ixmiquilpan tienen como opción de vida la migración. En esta investigación se explora su deseo de salir de sus lugares de origen y los factores que se asocian con esta expectativa. Los resultados muestran que una elevada proporción de jóvenes que desean emigrar son impulsados por patrones culturales de género, las redes familiares, el contexto geográfico y la evaluación ambivalente sobre el entorno; todos ellos factores que alimentan las aspiraciones de emigrar a Estados Unidos de América.

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INTRODUCCIÓN. A partir de tres perfiles de estudiantes diferentes (con aspiraciones efímeras, aspiraciones vocacionales y estudiantes de segunda carrera) se indaga en los factores motivacionales y de percepción que inciden en el proceso de elección de carreras de pedagogía en universitarios chilenos. MÉTODO. El estudio se realizó a través de un análisis cualitativo, que considera 23 entrevistas semi-estructuradas y un grupo de discusión. Los datos fueron analizados bajo la perspectiva teórica de la elección de carrera y de las motivaciones para ser profesor. RESULTADOS. Los resultados muestran ciertas similitudes en cada una de las etapas del proceso de elección de carrera, pero también importantes diferencias en cuanto a las percepciones sobre la profesión docente y a las variables motivacionales que llevan a los estudiantes a elegir la carrera pedagógica, en el caso de los estudiantes con aspiraciones vocacionales y de segunda carrera, o a optar por otra carrera, en el caso de los estudiantes con aspiraciones efímeras. CONCLUSIÓN. Destaca la influencia de los centros educativos en la elección por seguir o no una carrera pedagógica y la incidencia que ejercen en esta decisión y en las percepciones de los estudiantes, las opiniones de familiares, profesores y pares. Se aprecia en los estudiantes una predominancia de las motivaciones altruistas e intrínsecas, por sobre las motivaciones extrínsecas.

Estudiantes de primer año de la enseñanza superior universitaria exponen, en el marco de una investigación de tipo cualitativo, realizada en 2020, sus frustraciones y también sus esperanzas en medio de una devastadora pandemia y de una profunda y multifacética crisis de las confianzas sociales. Se constata, en estas condiciones muy especiales, una heterogeneidad de visiones y posicionamientos que germinan en la subjetividad de jóvenes personas que, sin embargo, y de manera insólita, no han puesto todavía un solo pie en un aula universitaria. Entre repliegues individualistas y vocaciones sociales se dibujan aspiraciones y expectativas que, en las actuales condiciones, no se disocian fácilmente de poderosas e inéditas incertidumbres.

La aplicación de la prueba de orientación vocacional y profesional Búsqueda Autodirigida o prueba SDS (Search Directed Self), a los futuros bachilleres de colegios públicos del departamento del Quindío, es una actividad presencial dentro del Programa de Apoyo a la Permanencia de los Estudiantes que se desarrolla en la Universidad del Quindío. Consiste en talleres con pequeños grupos de estudiantes, orientados por un facilitador, donde se busca que cada estudiante identifique las profesiones que responden a sus habilidades y preferencias, halladas por él mismo, mediante una autoevaluación sobre las actividades que le gusta realizar, sus capacidades y las carreras que le llaman la atención. Al finalizar el taller los resultados individuales quedan en poder de cada estudiante y la idea es que se utilicen como el insumo principal para una discusión en el entorno familiar sobre la profesión o el oficio que pueda escoger el estudiante y con los resultados grupales se identifican los perfiles y aspiraciones de todos los estudiantes del departamento, de cada uno de los municipios y de cada institución educativa. Aparece una cantidad apreciable de personas que aspiran a desempeñarse en Salud, Ingenierías, Idiomas y Veterinaria, frente a un número menor con las aptitudes requeridas; muchos estudiantes muestran tener aptitudes para Artes y Trabajo Social, pero solo una tercera parte aspira a carreras relacionadas; en áreas de Administración, Derecho, Diseño, Educación, Enfermería, Gastronomía y Sicología hay un buen número de aspirantes y se equilibra con las aptitudes y preferencias.

The application of the vocational and professional orientation test, Search Directed Self (SDS), to future high school graduates of public schools in the department of Quindío, is a face-to-face activity within the Student Permanence Support Program developed at the University of Quindío. It consists of workshops with small groups of students, guided by a facilitator and seeks that each student identifies the professions that respond to their skills and preferences, found by themselves, through a self-assessment on the activities they like to do, their skills, their abilities and the careers that attract their attention. At the end of the workshop the individual results are kept by each student and the idea is that they are used as the main input for a discussion in the family environment about the profession or trade that the student may choose and with the group results the profiles and aspirations of all students in the department, in each of the municipalities and of each educational institution are identified. There is a significant number of people aspiring to careers in Health, Engineering, Languages and Veterinary Medicine, compared to a smaller number with the required skills; many students show an aptitude for Arts and Social Work, but only a third aspire to related careers; in areas of Administration, Law, Design, Education, Nursing, Gastronomy and Psychology there is a good number of applicants and it is balanced with aptitudes and preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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En este artículo analizo la conformación histórica del sector de los jóvenes en una localidad rural chol, en torno a dos procesos relacionados con la educación: el surgimiento de los maestros bilingües en las décadas setenta y ochenta del siglo XX, y el acceso a la formación universitaria, apuesta para la sobrevivencia de un número elevado de jóvenes en el siglo XXI. Reconstruyo el contexto amplio en que se desarrollaron ambos procesos para señalar las diferencias entre las relaciones generacionales en cada periodo. Asimismo discuto las experiencias y las aspiraciones de los universitarios actuales, que se fundan de manera importante en los logros de los maestros bilingües.

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El presente trabajo tiene por objeto, identificar y comprender las actitudes manifiestas por un grupo de consumidores de segmentos diferenciados, en relación al proceso de decisión de compra de marcas de lujo en dos regiones del país. A partir de sesiones de discusión en grupos y un posterior análisis cualitativo, se pretende obtener una conceptualización determinada sobre el significado de marca de lujo, los diferentes estados de bienestar o satisfacción generados por estas, así como también, la identificación de ciertas marcas que puedan clasificarse como de “lujo tradicional” y “nuevo lujo”. Este último punto es de gran relevancia para establecer y reconocer diferencias substanciales en el mercado del consumo de marcas de lujo, dado que por lo establecido en la presente investigación, el perfil o naturaleza de los compradores difiere, en términos de capacidad, frecuencia y motivos de compra. The present work aims to, identify and understand the manifest attitudes by a group of consumers of different segments, in relation to the decision-making process of purchase of brands of luxury in two regions of the country. From discussion groups and a subsequent qualitative analysis sessions, is expected to obtain a particular conceptualization about the meaning of luxury brand, different States of well-being or satisfaction generated by these, as well as the identification of certain brands that may be classified as “traditional luxury” and “new luxury”. This last point is of great importance to establish and recognize substantial di erences in the consumer market of luxury brands, given that by what is established in the present investigation, the pro le or nature of buyers differs, in terms of capacity, frequency and reasons for purchase.

There has been a recent surge of interest in “the future” as a subject and object of analysis in human geography, mostly centered on uncertainty and threats posed by terrorism, transspecies epidemics, and climate change. In contrast, relatively little attention has been given to that ways in which humans engage futurity in their everyday lives and geographies. Although acknowledging some important exceptions, in this article we seek to build specifically on anthropologist Arjun Appadurai's call for a more people-centered and “democratic” consideration of future making. What Appadurai terms an “ethics of possibility” is about rescuing the future from the “avalanche of numbers” associated with expert calculation in the realms of science and technology, security and geopolitics, and health and insurance. We argue that human geographers are among the “culturally oriented social scientists” who are equipped for scholarly advancement of an ethics of possibility. Our own geographic contribution emerges from field-based qualitative material collected as part of a wider collaborative research project on aspirations in urban Asia. In the accounts that we present from cities in China, Indonesia, and Vietnam, it is the prospect of elsewhere—and of being elsewhere—that nurtures imaginings of aspirational futures and spurs efforts to realize them. In addition to drawing empirical attention to people, places, and regions that do not often feature in Anglophone human geography, our article contributes to geographic conceptualization of how futures are being prospected in cultural imaginaries and through an array of spatial practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This study aims to explore adolescents’ intentions related to the early formation of a family. Materials and methods. We administered a survey to students in eight schools in Morelos and Mexico City, in 2010. We analyzed intentions of marrying or having a child and fitted an exploratory path model to assess predictors of the intentions of having a child before the age of 20 (n=2974). Results. Around 77% of adolescents expect to have their first child at 20 years or later; 21% show ambivalence or incongruence regarding this, whereas 2% expect to have a child before the age of 20. Parents’ expectations for their child’s education influence the importance that adolescents give to education. The latter promotes the idea of postponing childbearing until 20 years or later (β=0.13). Conclusions. In order to prevent early pregnancies, interventions and programs should encourage the construction of personal and professional goals.

We analyze the results of a policy of massive allocation of usufruct rights to cuidacoches: persons performing surveillance of parked vehicles in the streets. Surprisingly, despite the low cost and the considerable benefits to legally acquiring the right of use on the block, half of the potential beneficiaries have rejected the subscription to the program. In order to understand this market and the mobility between being in the legal framework or outside the law, we built a unique database containing economic and sociodemographic information from cuidacoches in Montevideo. We highlight four findings: the heterogeneity in the reasons for accepting or rejecting the legal framework; the protection of the right of usufruct on the block as the main perceived benefit of complying with the legal framework; the desire to change jobs for the vast majority, and the low saving capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze the results of a policy of massive allocation of usufruct rights to cuidacoches: persons performing surveillance of parked vehicles in the streets. Surprisingly, despite the low cost and the considerable benefits to legally acquiring the right of use on the block, half of the potential beneficiaries have rejected the subscription to the program. In order to understand this market and the mobility between being in the legal framework or outside the law, we built a unique database containing economic and sociodemographic information from cuidacoches in Montevideo. We highlight four findings: the heterogeneity in the reasons for accepting or rejecting the legal framework; the protection of the right of usufruct on the block as the main perceived benefit of complying with the legal framework; the desire to change jobs for the vast majority, and the low saving capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo de este trabajo es integrar algunas de las contribuciones de los estudios sobre la movilidad social y dinámicas familiares para explicar la emancipación familiar en España. El modelo explicativo propuesto se basa en las conjeturas de Easterlin sobre el conflicto entre aspiraciones y recursos y las relaciona con los supuestos centrales de las teorías de la desigualdad de oportunidades educativas (Boudon; Breen). Según este modelo, una condición para que los individuos se emancipen es que hayan alcanzado como mínimo la misma posición socio-económica de sus familias de origen. Para comprobar esta hipótesis se realizan dos análisis empíricos. En el primero se compara la posición socio-económica de los jóvenes con la de sus padres y se estudia la relación entre las tasas agregadas de movilidad social y la edad mediana de emancipación por cohorte. En el segundo, mediante un event history análisis se analiza en el nivel individual cómo la experiencia de movilidad social influye en la propensión a emanciparse. Los datos empleados en la investigación empírica proceden de la Encuesta Sociodemográfica y de la Encuesta de Población Activa.

La presente investigación, financiada por la Universidad San Pablo-CEU, tiene como objeto de estudio fundamental el análisis de las demandas informativas de los inmigrantes latinoamericanos en la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. Sus objetivos específicos han sido averiguar cuáles son las aspiraciones o metas de los sujetos, sus necesidades y deseos, sus problemas y preocupaciones, así como las aficiones, tiempos y espacios de ocio. De los resultados de todo ello se han podido identificar los objetos de referencia o demandas informativas de este colectivo, en función de sus temas de interés, que han sido los siguientes: la legislación española de extranjería, el trabajo, el paro, la vivienda, el dinero, los estudios, la integración social, la música y baile, y el fútbol. A partir de estos resultados se tiene previsto llevar a cabo una segunda investigación sobre las fuentes de información y usos de la comunicación por parte de este mismo colectivo de inmigrantes.

Recognizing that the Christians in Indonesia are not a homogeneous group, this article examines the various contested spiritual, social, and political aspirations of urban Christians in the contexts of the historical trajectory of Indonesian modernity, forces of globalization and urbanization, the role of capital, and the development of Islam – the indispensable religious ‘Other’ to this minority religion in contemporary Indonesia. It sheds light on the ways in which this minority exercises agency in using political participation and social activism as a counterbalance to the growing Islamization of Indonesia, and how they strategically utilize their extensive economic, social, and political capital to navigate the treacherous waters of rising religious intolerance in the country where the world’s largest Muslim population resides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between the sacred and the urban remains understudied. This special issue studies this relationship by focusing on urban religious aspirations in diverse globalizing Asian cities. The approach builds on the sacred geographies and sociology of secularization literatures. It is argued that religious practitioners respond to urbanization by inventing new conceptions of the urban to make sense of secularizing spaces. In turn, the secularizing spaces free up religious practitioners from the constraints of their traditions to innovate new practices to sacralize the urban spaces, in which the new conceptions of the urban play a crucial role. The direction and content of the innovations are driven by the aspirations of the religious practitioners with regard to the city and this provokes sacred politics challenging the state and capitalist market and aspirational contests to claim and control urban spaces vis-a-vis religious competitors, in which practitioners make use of state-market processes to do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se refieren los resultados de un estudio cualitativo realizado en Santiago, cuyo propósito fue describir y comprender las percepciones, creencias, expectativas y aspiraciones de padres y profesores sobre la relación familia - escuela. El diseño metodológico se adscribió a los principios del paradigma interpretativo, según los principios de la Grounded Theory. Las técnicas de recolección fueron entrevistas semi-estructuradas y grupos focales a madres y profesores, constituyendo una muestra total de 48 sujetos. El estudio aporta información descriptiva y comprensiva sobre consensos y disensos de ambos respecto del sistema relacional familia-escuela, roles, normas, comunicación, conflictos, participación, alianza y educación. Finalmente emerge un modelo del sistema relacional familia - escuela, incluyendo barreras, facilitadores y parámetros que posibilitarían una alianza efectiva.Findings from a qualitative study made in Santiago, whose purpose was to describe and understand the parents and teachers perceptions, beliefs, expectatives, and aspirations about the family-school relationship. The methodological design adhered to the principles of the interpretative paradigm, according to the principles of the Grounded Theory. The gathering techniques were semi-organized interviews and focal groups to mothers and teachers, completing a total sample of 48 persons. This research contributes with descriptive and comprehensive information about consensus and disagreements of parents and teachers with regard to the family-school relational system, roles, rules, communication, conflicts, participation, alliance and education. Finally a model of the family-school relational system emerges, including barriers, helpers, and parameters that would make possible an effective alliance.

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the research on the link between poverty and study expectations as an indicator of human development, made in the second district of the metropolitan area, Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, during 2014. The methodology used was quantitativequalitative: the application of the social indicator of the UNDP (2010): "parent-child intergenerationality", questionnaire, graphs, tables and hermeneutics. The research concludes that there is an inverse relationship between poverty and aspirations of study for children by parents: "To greater poverty, lower expectations" in the investigated area, and, considering the amount of people involved in our research, the results are generalizable to Buenos Aires and southern outskirts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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En los pasados dos decenios México transitó de una economía proteccionista a otra abierta y orientada a la exportación. ¿Por qué fue el proteccionismo una política estable y cómo fue sustituido por una reforma que actuó contra intereses creados? Para contestar estas preguntas utilizo un modelo de teoría de juegos en que la influencia de los grupos de interés influye en las decisiones de política. Al ajustar los parámetros del modelo a los datos, el juego cooperativo subyacente tiene un núcleo vacío y predice que una coalición de empresas que sustituyen importaciones y el gobierno es “estable” hasta los años ochenta. Para tomar en cuenta los cambios en las opciones de financiación del gobierno a fines de esos años y principios de los noventa, se ajustan los parámetros del modelo. De ahí surge un nuevo equilibrio único que predice la adopción de una política de libre comercio.

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El artículo da luces sobre los desafíos que plantea abordar a los adolescentes hombres desertores del sistema escolar desde la salud, considerando que éstos por décadas han quedado desplazados como foco de atención. Resulta relevante poder comprender sus propias dinámicas para desarrollar estrategias efectivas de promoción y prevención. Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo-analítico relacional, haciendo uso de metodología cualitativa, con una muestra intencionada de 41 adolescentes hombres. Se usó la entrevista semi-estructurada con áreas temáticas focalizadas y el modelo de la Grounded Theory para la recolección y análisis de la información. Los resultados ayudan a comprender la visión de salud de un grupo de adolescentes hombres, construyendo un modelo comprensivo general sustentado en su vivencia de la salud escindida.The article provides some insights regarding the challenges involved in approaching male adolescents who have dropped out of school, from the perspective of health, considering that for decades they have been ignored as a focus of attention. It is relevant to understand their own dynamics in order to develop effective promotion and prevention strategies. A relational descriptive-analytical design was chosen, using a qualitative approach, with an intentional sample of 41 male adolescents. A semistructured interview with focused thematic areas was designed and the Grounded Theory model was used to gather and analyze the data. The results contribute to an understanding of the way a group of male adolescents view health, constructing a comprehensive general model based on their split health experience.

La investigación aborda el fenómeno de las universidades privadas surgidas en nuestro país durante la década de 1990. Este incremento de alternativas para acceder a la educación superior ha generado un sentido común de avance significativo en cuanto a las oportunidades de movilidad social para los jóvenes de clase media. Sin embargo, observamos que este incremento cuantitativo ha ocasionado más bien una segmentación muy marcada del mercado profesional. Es decir, no ha reducido las brechas educativas, sino que probablemente las ha incrementado. En la búsqueda de elementos que sostengan esta idea, proponemos elaborar un perfil de los jóvenes que acuden a la Universidad Privada César Vallejo, a partir de una comparación entre algunos aspectos de oferta y demanda.

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La investigación presenta una genealogía de las aspiraciones educativas y ocupacionales abarcando a dos generaciones de niños y niñas pertenecientes a familias de las zonas rurales de Ayacucho, Perú. En el marco del conflicto armado desarrollado entre los anos 1980-2000, así como de otros acontecimientos que marcaron la historia reciente de estas zonas, se exploran las dinámicas de las aspiraciones en un nivel intergeneracional, prestando especial atención a las diferencias de genero. Los resultados muestran el establecimiento de la educación terciaria como el horizonte a futuro más anhelado, así como un desplazamiento en el deseo de ser campesino o campesina. Estos cambios se presentan más acentuadamente entre las niñas, quienes en los hogares más pobres muestran aspiraciones más ambiciosas que sus pares varones. En tanto la educación terciaria es alcanzada por muy pocos en Ayacucho y los indicadores educativos continúan mostrando brechas que favorecen a los varones frente a las mujeres, la dinámica de las aspiraciones puede ser entendida no solo como una construcción social, sino como una expresión de voz y agencia, en tanto revela anhelos que cuestionan un orden social establecido.

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This document has as its principle objective the identification of some of the causes of long-term mobility. More specifically, it address the question of the communication strategies in families with individuals with high levels of mobility, as well the mechanisms through which they communicate their children's aspirations, and develop skills to realize such aspirations. It identifies three strategic elements in the life trajectories of people, a) direct communication of aspirations by parents or mothers, b) social networks that communicate environmentally but also invest in human capital, c) firmness as the main basis of parental behavior. It is through these communication strategies within the family that parents appear to successfully produce children with high aspirations and are able to follow them through. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This study aims to explore adolescents' intentions related to the early formation of a family. Materials and methods. We administered a survey to students in eight schools in Morelos and Mexico City, in 201 0.We analyzed intentions of marrying or having a child and fitted an exploratory path model to assess predictors of the intentions of having a child before the age of 20 (n=2974). Results. Around 77% of adolescents expect to have their first child at 20 years or later; 21% show ambivalence or incongruence regarding this, whereas 2% expect to have a child before the age of 20. Parents' expectations for their child's education influence the importance that adolescents give to education. The latter promotes the idea of postponing childbearing until 20 years or later (β=0.13). Conclusions. In order to prevent early pregnancies, interventions and programs should encourage the construction of personal and professional goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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