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AbstractBackground and aim The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the concomitant administration (co-administration) of inactivated seasonal influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, encouraging the practice for the 2021–2022 flu season. This study aimed to assess the acceptance of simultaneously receiving the seasonal influenza vaccine (SIV) and the COVID-19 vaccine in a single administration to reduce vaccine rejection towards the COVID-19 vaccination.Methods An online-based cross-section survey was conducted from 1 September to 9 November 2022, in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) through distributing the survey on different social media platforms, including Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and WhatsApp. We used the multi-level model to assess the variation of vaccine countries across EMR countries.Results In total, 3300 participants were included in this survey from 11 countries distributed in the EMR. More than one-third (40.7%) were aged 18–25 years, 60.6% were females, 54.0% had a university degree, 43.1% had previous COVID-19, and 41.9% had relatives or friends who died from COVID-19. In total, 43.3% accepted this combination because it is less costly (9%), safer (18%), more effective (17%), and has fewer doses (19%). Rejection of this combination was due to fear of side effects (31%), and no studies have been published on their effects (31%). There was a significant difference across countries, which accounted for 6% of the variance in the log-odds of accepting the combined vaccination. Multi-level analysis revealed that being male, African and losing a family member or friend from COVID-19 increased the acceptance of the theoretical combined vaccines. Additionally, the number of doses taken of the COVID-19 and influenza vaccines separately significantly affected the combined vaccine acceptance. However, previous COVID-19 infection and older age reduced the odds of accepting the combined vaccines. Occupational level, social status and educational level didn’t significantly affect the acceptance odds.Conclusions We can conclude that combining SIV and COVID-19 vaccines in one shot increased the overall acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among vaccine rejectors.

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to assess the impact of abutments with angled screw access channel on the retention of zirconia crowns. Methods Seven implant replicas were inserted in epoxy resin blocks. Fourteen zirconia crowns for central incisor tooth were digitally fabricated and cemented to titanium bases (Ti-bases) with resin cement. Titanium bases were categorized into 2 groups (n = 7). Control group (Group STA) included straight screw access channel abutments. Study group (Group ASC) included angled screw access channel abutments. Following aging (5 °C-55 °C, 60 s; 250,000 cycles, 100 N, 1.67 Hz), the pull-off forces (N) were recorded by using retention test (1 mm/min). Types of failure were defined as (Type 1; Adhesive failure when luting agent predominantly remained on the Ti-base surface (> 90%); Type 2; Cohesive failure when luting agent remained on both Ti-base and crown surfaces; and Type 3; Adhesive failure when luting agent predominantly remained on the crown (> 90%). Statistical analysis was conducted by using (IBM SPSS version 28). Normality was checked by using Shapiro Wilk test and Q-Q plots. Independent t-test was then used to analogize the groups. Results Mean ± standard deviation of retention force records ranged from 1731.57 (63.68) N (group STA) to 1032.29 (89.82) N (group ASC), and there was a statistically significant variation between the 2 groups (P

IntroductionInternal validation techniques alone do not guarantee the value of a model. This study aims to investigate the external validity of the Parental Attitude toward Childhood Vaccination (PACV) scale for assessing parents’ attitude toward seasonal influenza vaccination.MethodsUsing a snowball sampling approach, an anonymous online questionnaire was distributed in two languages (English and Arabic) across seven countries. To assess the internal validity of the model, the machine learning technique of “resampling methods” was used to repeatedly select various samples collected from Egypt and refit the model for each sample. The binary logistic regression model was used to identify the main determinants of parental intention to vaccinate their children against seasonal influenza. We adopted the original model developed and used its predictors to determine parents’ intention to vaccinate their children in Libya, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Palestine, and Sudan. The area under the curve (AUC) indicated the model’s ability to distinguish events from non-events. We visually compared the observed and predicted probabilities of parents’ intention to vaccinate their children using a calibration plot.ResultsA total of 430 parents were recruited from Egypt to internally validate the model, and responses from 2095 parents in the other six countries were used to externally validate the model. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the PACV score, child age (adolescence), and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in children were significantly associated with the intention to receive the vaccination. The AUC of the developed model was 0.845. Most of the predicted points were close to the diagonal line, demonstrating better calibration (the prediction error was 16.82%). The sensitivity and specificity of the externally validated model were 89.64 and 37.89%, respectively (AUC = 0.769).ConclusionThe PACV showed similar calibration and discrimination across the six countries. It is transportable and can be used to assess attitudes towards influenza vaccination among parents in different countries using either the Arabic or English version of the scale.

BackgroundSeasonal influenza vaccine can reduce the risk of influenza-associated hospitalizations and deaths among children. Given that parents are the primary decision makers, this study examined the parental attitude toward childhood influenza vaccine and identified determinants of vaccine hesitancy (VH) in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using an anonymous online survey in 14 EMR countries. Parents of children aged 6 months to 18 years were included. The Parent Attitude about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) was used to assess VH. Chi square test and independent t-test were used to test for association of qualitative and quantitative variables, respectively. A structural equations model (SEM) was used to identify direct and indirect determinants of parental VH.ResultsAlmost half of the parents were hesitant about vaccinating their children against influenza (50.8%). Parental VH was significantly higher among older mothers (37.06 ± 8.8 years, p = 0.006), rural residents (53.6%, p

Medicinal plants are wealthy resource of antimicrobial agents. In various parts of this world plants are used as medicinal purpose and considered effective resource of medicines. Present study was aimed to investigate the antimicrobial properties of Solanum villosum. Flowers, seeds, berries and fresh leaves were collected for aforesaid activity. Agar disc diffusion and agar tube dilution methods were used for anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities, respectively. Anti-bacterial activity for both extracts (methanol and chloroform) was about 75% against some of the bacterial strains. Anti-fungal activity was observed above 50% for both crude extracts. These positive results are the baseline for next step detailed screening of this plant. Our findings exhibited the worth of S. villosumin pharmacology and to support basic healthcare across the globe. Keywords: Solanaceae, Crude extract, In-vitro, Anti-microbial activities, Bacterial strains

This study was aimed to evaluate the metals concentration in agricultural soil and vegetables irrigated by different irrigation sources. For this purpose agricultural soil and eight vegetables used for commercial consumption were collected from waste-water and tube-well water irrigated sites of Lahore district. Metals i.e. iron (Fe), sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) were analyzed via flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Concentration of metals in soil and vegetables irrigated by wastewater was higher considerably as compared to the soil and vegetables irrigated by tube well water. Among heavy metals concentration in vegetables irrigated by waste-water, trend was appeared as K > Na > Ca > Mg > Fe, while vegetables cultivated by tube-well water, trend was appeared as K > Ca > Na > Mg > Fe. Similarly, leafy vegetables accumulated higher heavy metals levels as compared to non-leafy vegetables. Keywords: Metals, Vegetables, Wastewater, Agricultural soil, Health risks

The focus of this study is to produce zinc-based iron oxide nanocomposite as a catalyst for biodiesel and antibiofilm applications, which were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). The nanocomposite was evaluated as a catalyst for biodiesel production by using lipid extracted from Entermorpha intestinalis, Caulerpa racemosa, and Hypnea musicoformisis. All were highly yielding saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Traditional transesterification methods have proven in alcoholysis with methanol yields reasonably in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst. Moreover, heterogeneous catalyst exhibits potential conversion in the reaction and having reliable reusability. The presence of metal ions from zinc oxides exhibits from the catalyst minimized the course of the reaction. H. musicoformisis shown the topmost conversion of 78% and C. racemosa, E. intestinalis shows reliable conversions of 72% and 70.5%, respectively. In the optimization of different parameters. The methyl ester presence was determined by FT-IR and GCMS analysis. In reusability aspects, we utilized Fe2ZnO4 composite after transesterification for antibiofilm analysis also. The results indicate that leftover nanoparticles have strong antibiofilm properties and could be applied as an efficient osteoconductive functional material. Keywords: Entermorpha intestinalis, Caulerpa racemosa, Hypnea musicoformisis, Fe2ZnO4, Antibiofilm