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Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the horticultural crops that is widely used as a seasoning in cuisine around the world. This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of Indonesia's local garlic accessions based on nucleotide variations in LECASAI and AsNF-YB3 gene fragments. The DNA from eleven Indonesian garlic local accessions were amplified using two pairs of specific gene markers designed from LECASAI (JX561228.1) and AsNF-YB3 (JX310756.1) gene sequences. The sequence alignment showed that a total of 14 nucleotide variations could be identified in this study as SNPs. As many as 12 SNPs were observed in the LECASAI gene fragment, while as many as two SNPs were observed in the AsNF-YB3 gene fragment. From eleven local garlic accessions used in this study, the highest variations were found in Eban NTT and Maja accessions with a percentage of variation of 33.33%, followed by Lumbu Putih with a percentage of 25%. The specific gene markers used in this study could distinguish the nucleotide variations that occurred between garlic-released varieties such as Lumbu Hijau, Lumbu Kuning, and Lumbu Putih and new accession such as Lumbu Hitam. The phylogenetic analysis showed that eleven local garlic accessions used in this study were separated into two main clusters. The first cluster consisted of eight accessions, while the second cluster consisted of three accessions. The markers used in this study would be promising to distinguish close genetic relationship accessions that could not be identified morphologically, especially to protect intellectual property in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Garlic is an important commodity because it is needed as a cooking spice and industrial ingredient, garlic is an ancient functional food and herbal medicine. Almost 90% of the national requirement is imported. An effort to increase its production has been made in recent years. Temanggung Regency has local varieties of garlic, namely Geol, that need to be tested for growth ability, production, and quality. The planting season in this area is mostly in the rainy season, starting from November-December every year, resulting in lower productivity. For that reason, an experiment was conducted started in July 2021 where the farmers mostly planted tobacco. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and production of Geol compared to the commonly planted varieties in Temanggung. The research was conducted for five months in Petarangan village, Kledung sub-district, Temanggung district, Central Java. The design used was a randomized block design with four varieties and four replications. The varieties observed were Lumbu Hijau, Lumbu Kuning, Tawangmangu Baru, and the local variety Geol. The plant growth, production, and product quality were observed. The result showed that the local variety Geol had a higher dry yield per hectare (7.39 tons) than Tawangmangu Baru (6.17 tons) and Lumbu Kuning (6.67 tons). Generally, it showed that Geol had the same production capability as other varieties, but it has larger cloves size, is faster harvested, and is preferred by consumers (farmers, traders, and housewives). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]