Search

ContextGenomic stratification can impact prostate cancer (PC) care through diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers that aid in clinical decision-making. The temporal and spatial genomic heterogeneity of PC together with the challenges of acquiring metastatic tissue biopsies hinder implementation of tissue-based molecular profiling in routine clinical practice. Blood-based liquid biopsies are an attractive, minimally invasive alternative.ObjectiveTo review the clinical value of blood-based liquid biopsy assays in PC and identify potential applications to accelerate the development of precision medicine.Evidence acquisitionA systematic review of PubMed/MEDLINE was performed to identify relevant literature on blood-based circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in PC.Evidence synthesisLiquid biopsy has emerged as a practical tool to profile tumor dynamics over time, elucidating features that evolve (genome, epigenome, transcriptome, and proteome) with tumor progression. Liquid biopsy tests encompass analysis of DNA, RNA, and proteins that can be detected in CTCs, ctDNA, or EVs. Blood-based liquid biopsies have demonstrated promise in the context of localized tumors (diagnostic signatures, risk stratification, and disease monitoring) and advanced disease (response/resistance biomarkers and prognostic markers).ConclusionsLiquid biopsies have value as a source of prognostic, predictive, and response biomarkers in PC. Most clinical applications have been developed in the advanced metastatic setting, where CTC and ctDNA yields are significantly higher. However, standardization of assays and analytical/clinical validation is necessary prior to clinical implementation.Patient summaryTraces of tumors can be isolated from blood samples from patients with prostate cancer either as whole cells or as DNA fragments. These traces provide information on tumor features. These minimally invasive tests can guide diagnosis and treatment selection.

The hippocampus comprises several neuronal populations such as CA1, CA2, CA3, and the dentate gyrus (DG), which present different neuronal origins, morphologies, and molecular mechanisms. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) allows selectively collecting samples from target regions and eliminating unwanted cells to obtain more specific results. LCM of hippocampus neuronal populations coupĺed with RNA-seq analysis has the potential to allow the exploration of the molecular machinery unique to each of these subfields. Previous RNA-seq investigation has already provided a molecular blueprint of the hippocampus, however, there is no RNA-seq data specific for each of the rat hippocampal regions. Serial tissue sections covering the hippocampus were produced from frozen brains of adult male Wistar rats, and the hippocampal subfields CA1, CA2, CA3, and DG were identified and isolated by LCM. We found evident segregation of the transcriptomic profile from different regions of the hippocampus and the expression of known, as well as novel, specific marker genes for each region. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of CA1 subfield indicates an enrichment of actin regulation and postsynaptic membrane AMPA receptors genes indispensable for long-term potentiation. CA2 and CA3 transcripts were found associated with the increased metabolic processes. DG expression was enriched for ribosome and spliceosome, both required for protein synthesis and maintenance of cell life. The present findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the differences in the molecular machinery expressed by the rat hippocampal neuronal populations, further exploring underlying mechanisms responsible for each subflied specific functions.

L’objectif de cet article est de réviser la classification chronoculturelle du site archéologique de Dioron Boumak (Delta du Saloum/Sénégal) fondée sur la culture matérielle céramique et les dates, en âge BP, en particulier, recueillies en stratigraphie. La calibration, tenant compte de l’effet réservoir, dans le cadre de cette étude, permet de corriger la classification chronoculturelle établit mais confirme aussi l’appartenance protohistorique, pour l’essentiel, des échantillons recueillis dans les sites du Delta du Saloum. Car, la question de l’homogénéité de son occupation, de sa durée est une question majeure de la recherche archéologique. Pour cela, le présent article étudie sur la base des dates obtenues en contexte stratigraphique, la dynamique des premières occupations humaines dans la région. La calibration des dates recueillies est mise en relation avec les données taphonomiques, géomorphologiques afin de déterminer les périodes d’occupation et de hiatus de Dioron Boumak

Los animales son las principales víctimas de la historia, esto fue mencionado por primera vez en el texto descrito por Peter Singer La liberación animal. Enfocarse en una ética para el bienestar animal implica situar la mirada en la capacidad de sentir qué experimentan los animales. El bienestar animal es la capacidad de los animales de sentir dolor, sufrimiento, es decir, experimentan emociones.La experimentación animal no es un tema reciente, es un problema que ha existido desde hace muchos años. Un pilar fundamental es el comité de ética institucional, su función es evaluar cada paso antes, y durante la experimentación, verificando el programa, procedimiento, justificación, bienestar, ofrecer un digno y adecuado alojamiento que sea confortable. Cualquier experimentación con animales debe tener una justificación científica, evitar el dolor, sufrimiento, así como tener personal capacitado para salvaguardar su bienestar

Résumé : Au cours des deux dernières décennies, la région du Haut-Sénégal a été reconnue comme un important foyer dans la production métallurgique rivalisant même avec la Moyenne Vallée du Fleuve Sénégal où la plupart des études se concentraient. Il reste que pour le Haut-Sénégal, les recherches sont surtout confinées sur le long des vallées fluviales du Sénégal et de la Falémé dans la province du Boundou et n’offrent que des perspectives limitées sur l’extension géographique et la portée sociale, économique et même technique de ce savoir-faire complexe. Sous ce rapport, la recherche sur les sites de Massawa (province du Bélédougou Sénégal) contribue au décloisonnement et à la défragmentation des connaissances et des lieux de savoirs sur la sidérurgie ancienne le long de la vallée du Fleuve Sénégal et de ses multiples affluents. Aussi, elle apporte des témoignages inédits sur la chronologie, les techniques de réduction et la gestion spatiale des aires de production du fer. À partir d’une approche centrée sur la chaine opératoire, les données collectées aussi bien matérielles que stratigraphiques (restes de four et scories) permettent de restituer des traditions techniques chronologiquement distantes mais culturellement connectées. En fait, l’artisanat du fer apparait ici comme une activité domestique de petite envergure tournée vers les besoins locaux de consommation expliquant ainsi le recours à des stratégies et techniques de production localisées, mais (r)enseignant sur la maitrise des processus sidérurgiques. Mots-clés : Métallurgie du fer, histoire des techniques, Massawa

Justificativa e objetivos: Considerando as poucas evidências associadas às internações por dengue, seus gastos públicos no Sudeste do Pará e sua relevância para a saúde pública no Brasil, este estudo tem como objetivo demonstrar os registros de internações e gastos associados a esta arbovirose entre 2000 e 2015 a partir da perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva que buscou avaliar os registros e gastos (USD) de internação por dengue (código SUS: 74500457, 74300440, 0303010010) e dengue grave (código SUS: 74300628, 74500627, 0303010029), bem como seus óbitos associados (CID: A90 e A91), respectivamente, do SIH/SUS e SIM/SUS de 2000 a 2015 para todos os 39 municípios do sudeste paraense. Resultados: Um total de 1.206 óbitos, 22.860 indivíduos com dengue e 306 com dengue grave foram atendidos no SUS entre 2000 e 2015, representando 23.166 internações (23.613: dengue e 313: dengue grave), nas quais Bom Jesus do Tocantins e Goianésia do O Pará representa os municípios com maior número de internações associadas à dengue. Conclusão: É possível verificar a relevância da continuidade dos esforços de combate e combate à dengue no sudeste paraense. Reforça a necessidade da realização de estudos que contribuam para um melhor entendimento da distribuição das internações e óbitos nos diferentes municípios do estado do Pará, bem como reflexões sobre o cenário epidemiológico e econômico para a implementação de um processo decisório racional e eficiente. Fazendo processo.