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1. Relatório Temático sobre Restauração de Paisagens e Ecossistemas

Author

Enrique Vallines García, M. M. de Campos, Ludmila Pugliese, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, C. M. Prudente, Rodrigo M Vieira, Renato Crouzeilles, N. de M. Martins, Aretha Medina, Gislene Ganade, A. P. Balderi, Fatima Conceição Márquez Piña-Rodrigues, M. Macedo, C. A. de M. Scaramuzza, Tatiana M. G. Guimarães, Gabriel H Lui, Rubens de Miranda Benini, Miguel Calmon, Bernardo B. N. Strassburg, Thais Ferreira Maier, Anazélia M. Tedesco, Edson Santiami, A. B. Sampaio, Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues, Thiago Metzker, Catarina Conte Jakovac, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Tereza C. Spósito, Daniel Luis Mascia Vieira, Rafael B. Chaves, Letícia Couto Garcia, Otávio Gadiani Ferrarini, Joice Ferreira, Cristina Adams, Felipe P. L. Melo, J. Schimitt, Rodrigo G.P. Junqueira, Milena V. Oliveira, R. N. Tavares, F. Balderi, I. K. Wiens, L. F. D. de Moraes, Gerhard E. Overbeck, and Atila Alves de Oliveira

Subjects
Geography
Published
2019

2. Phylogenetic diversity of Amazonian tree communities

Author

Esteban Álvarez, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, William F. Laurance, Oliver L. Phillips, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Hans ter Steege, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Walter Palacios Cuenca, John Terborgh, David A. Neill, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Eric Arets, Hirma Ramírez Angulo, Susan G. Laurance, Wilson Roberto Spironello, Carlos A. Quesada, Ted R. Feldpausch, Ademir Roberto Ruschel, Adriana Prieto, Niro Higuchi, Miguel Alexiades, Christopher Baraloto, Simon L. Lewis, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Vincent A. Vos, Ana Andrade, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Carlos Cerón, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Gerardo Aymard, Anthony Di Fiore, Nigel C. A. Pitman, R. Toby Pennington, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Roel J. W. Brienen, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Jérôme Chave, Norma Salinas Revilla, Damien Bonal, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Kyle G. Dexter, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Marisol Toledo, William Farfan-Rios, Agustín Rudas, Miles R. Silman, School of Geography [Leeds], University of Leeds, School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Royal Botanic Garden [Edinburgh], Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Kent [Canterbury], Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Projeto TEAM-Manaus, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Programa Cienclas Agro & Mar, UNELLEZ Guanare, Herbario Universitario PORT, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program [Madre de Dios], University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), James Cook University (JCU), Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Chercheur indépendant, Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Duke University [Durham], Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Inst Boliviano Invest Forestal, Santa Cruz 10260, Bolivia, Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA [Belém, Brazil] (UFPA), European Project: 282664,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2011,AMAZALERT(2011), Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Fitzpatrick, Matthew C., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, University of Leeds, Kyle G. Dexter, University of Edinburgh / Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, R. Toby Pennington, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Jérôme Chave, CNRS & Université Paul Sabatier, Simon L. Lewis, University of Leeds / University College London, Miguel N. Alexiades, University of Kent, Esteban Alvarez, Jardín Botânico de Medellín, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Projeto TEAM - INPA, Iêda L. Amaral, PROJETO TEAM - INPA, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado & Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Eric J. M. M. Arets, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Gerardo A. Aymard, UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Christopher Baraloto, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique / Florida International University, Damien Bonal, INRA-Université de Lorraine, Roel Brienen, University of Leeds, Carlos Cerón, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Anthony Di Fiore, University of Texas, William Farfan-Rios, Wake Forest University, Ted R. Feldpausch, University of Exeter, Niro Higuchi, INPA, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Susan G. Laurance, Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, William F. Laurance, Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Gabriela López-Gonzalez, University of Leeds, Beatriz S. Marimon, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, JardíN Botánico de Missouri, David Neill, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Universidad Técnica del Norte & Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Duke University / The Field Museum, Adriana Prieto, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carlos A. Quesada, INPA, Hirma Ramirez Angulo, Universidad de Los Andes, Agustín Rudas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, ADEMIR ROBERTO RUSCHEL, CPATU, Norma Salinas Revilla, Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco / University of Oxford, Rafael P. Salomão, MPEG, Ana Segalin de Andrade, INPA, Miles R. Silman, Wake Forest University, Wilson Spironello, PROJETO TEAM - INPA, Hans ter Steege, Naturalis Biodiversity Center / Utrecht University, John Terborgh, Duke University, Marisol Toledo, Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal / Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Ima C. G. Vieira, MPEG, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Universidad de Los Andes, Vincent Vos, Universidad Autónoma del Beni, Oliver L. Phillips, University of Leeds., and Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Lineage (evolution), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Liliopsida, Árvore, Monocots, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Filogenética, Magnoliophyta, Phylogenetic diversity, 03 medical and health sciences, Plant Community, Forest and Landscape Ecology, species richness, Clade, Vegetatie, Monocotyledon, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Vegetation, Forest inventory, Phylogenetic tree, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, Magnoliids, Amazonia, 15. Life on land, Phylogenetics, Taxon, Dicotyledon, Diversidade, phylogenetic diversity, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Species richness, Amazon basin, Eudicots
Abstract

Aim: To examine variation in the phylogenetic diversity (PD) of tree communities across geographical and environmental gradients in Amazonia. Location: Two hundred and eighty-three c. 1 ha forest inventory plots from across Amazonia. Methods: We evaluated PD as the total phylogenetic branch length across species in each plot (PDss), the mean pairwise phylogenetic distance between species (MPD), the mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD) and their equivalents standardized for species richness (ses.PDss, ses.MPD, ses.MNTD). We compared PD of tree communities growing (1) on substrates of varying geological age; and (2) in environments with varying ecophysiological barriers to growth and survival. Results: PDss is strongly positively correlated with species richness (SR), whereas MNTD has a negative correlation. Communities on geologically young- and intermediate-aged substrates (western and central Amazonia respectively) have the highest SR, and therefore the highest PDss and the lowest MNTD. We find that the youngest and oldest substrates (the latter on the Brazilian and Guiana Shields) have the highest ses.PDss and ses.MNTD. MPD and ses.MPD are strongly correlated with how evenly taxa are distributed among the three principal angiosperm clades and are both highest in western Amazonia. Meanwhile, seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) and forests on white sands have low PD, as evaluated by any metric. Main conclusions: High ses.PDss and ses.MNTD reflect greater lineage diversity in communities. We suggest that high ses.PDss and ses.MNTD in western Amazonia results from its favourable, easy-to-colonize environment, whereas high values in the Brazilian and Guianan Shields may be due to accumulation of lineages over a longer period of time. White-sand forests and SDTF are dominated by close relatives from fewer lineages, perhaps reflecting ecophysiological barriers that are difficult to surmount evolutionarily. Because MPD and ses.MPD do not reflect lineage diversity per se, we suggest that PDss, ses.PDss and ses.MNTD may be the most useful diversity metrics for setting large-scale conservation priorities. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Published
2015

3. Fast demographic traits promote high diversification rates of Amazonian trees

Author

Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Ademir Roberto Ruschel, William F. Laurance, Jérôme Chave, Kyle G. Dexter, Hans ter Steege, Miguel Alexiades, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Iêda Leão do Amaral, J. Natalino M. Silva, Oliver L. Phillips, Adriana Prieto, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Yadvinder Malhi, Alejandro Araujo, Fredy Ramírez, Marisol Toledo, Marcelo F. Simon, Carlos A. Quesada, Rodolfo Vasquez, Susan G. Laurance, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Marcos Silveira, Agustín Rudas, R. Toby Pennington, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Emanuel Gloor, Hirma Ramírez Angulo, Eduardo Schmidt Eler, Timothy R. Baker, Ana Andrade, Simon L. Lewis, Gerardo Aymard, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Vincent A. Vos, Isau Huamantupa, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Eric Arets, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Luzmila Arroyo, Roel J. W. Brienen, Esteban Álvarez, Damien Bonal, Euridice Honorio, Claudio Leaño, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Susana Magallón, Timothy J. Killeen, Niro Higuchi, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Ted R. Feldpausch, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Anthony Di Fiore, Wilson Roberto Spironello, Emilio Vilanova, John Terborgh, University of Leeds, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), James Cook University (JCU), University of Kent [Canterbury], Universidad del Tolima, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Herbario Universitario PORT, Projeto TEAM-Manaus, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama., Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Conservation International, Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Oxford [Oxford], Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Amazonía, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Universidade federal rural da Amazonia, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (CENARGEN), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Universiteit Utrecht, Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado [Bolivie], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, National Environmental Research Council [NE/I028122/1, NE/F005806/1], European Commission [282664, 283080], Royal Society, National Geographic Society, Tropenbos International, European Commission, NASA Longterm Biosphere-Atmosphere Project in Amazonia (LBA), Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [558069/2009-6], projeto INCT Processo [574008/2008-0], National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Brazil, Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) Network, a collaboration among Conservation International, Smithsonian Institution, Wildlife Conservation Society, French ANR [CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-0025, TULIP: ANR-10-LABX-0041], European Research Council project 'Tropical Forests in the Changing Earth System', Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, and Ecology and Biodiversity

Subjects
tropical forest, Canopy, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Amazonian, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Biodiversity, generation time, Biology, Models, Biological, diversity, Trees, traits, Models, evolution, Tropical climate, Alterra - Centre for Water and Climate, Forest and Landscape Ecology, patterns, Letters, species richness, Clade, climate, Vegetatie, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, forests, Tropical Climate, Diversity, Vegetation, Ecology, clades, life-history, turnover, South America, 15. Life on land, Biological, divergence times, Trait, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Species richness, Alterra - Centrum Water en Klimaat, ecological limits
Abstract

International audience; The Amazon rain forest sustains the world's highest tree diversity, but it remains unclear why some clades of trees are hyperdiverse, whereas others are not. Using dated phylogenies, estimates of current species richness and trait and demographic data from a large network of forest plots, we show that fast demographic traits - short turnover times - are associated with high diversification rates across 51 clades of canopy trees. This relationship is robust to assuming that diversification rates are either constant or decline over time, and occurs in a wide range of Neotropical tree lineages. This finding reveals the crucial role of intrinsic, ecological variation among clades for understanding the origin of the remarkable diversity of Amazonian trees and forests.

Published
2014

4. Large trees drive forest aboveground biomass variation in moist lowland forests across the tropics

Author

Connie J. Clark, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Jianwei Tang, Jean-François Gillet, Gabriella Fredriksson, Serge A. Wich, Asyraf Mansor, Nicole Zweifel, Jean-Louis Doucet, Yadvinder Malhi, Yves Laumonier, Hidetoshi Nagamasu, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Tran Van Do, Marcos Silveira, Frans Bongers, Lilian Blanc, Murray Collins, Emilio Vilanova, Reuben Nilus, Francesco Rovero, Hannsjoerg Wöll, Johan van Valkenburg, Gary D. Paoli, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, John R. Poulsen, Eduardo Schmidt Eler, Eizi Suzuki, David Harris, Alexander Parada-Gutierrez, Emanuel H. Martin, Miguel E. Leal, Tsuyoshi Yoneda, Gilles Dauby, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Ming-Gang Zhang, Javier E. Silva-Espejo, Hans ter Steege, Kazuki Miyamoto, Douglas Sheil, Runguo Zang, Yi Ding, Meredith L. Bastian, Andrea Permana, Tariq Stévart, Andes Hamuraby Rozak, Krista L. McGuire, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Patrick Boundja, Wilson Roberto Spironelo, J. W. Ferry Slik, Ida Theilade, Olle Forshed, Gilberto Enrique Navarro-Aguilar, Jorcely Barroso, Terry Sunderland, Lourens Poorter, Vincent A. Vos, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Jan Reitsma, Onrizal Onrizal, and Eddy Nurtjahya

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Biomass (ecology), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, Tropics, Rainforest, 15. Life on land, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Monodominance, 13. Climate action, Soil water, Spatial ecology, Environmental science, Precipitation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Aim Large trees (d.b.h. 70 cm) store large amounts of biomass. Several studies suggest that large trees may be vulnerable to changing climate, poten- tially leading to declining forest biomass storage. Here we determine the importance of large trees for tropical forest biomass storage and explore which intrinsic (species trait) and extrinsic (environment) variables are associated with the density of large trees and forest biomass at continental and pan-tropical scales. Location Pan-tropical.

Published
2013

5. Soil-induced impacts on forest structure drive coarse woody debris stocks across central Amazonia

Author

Erick Oblitas Mendoza, Carolina V. Castilho, Ana Andrade, José Luiz Purri da Veiga Pinto, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Juliana Schietti, Oliver L. Phillips, Carlos A. Quesada, Ted R. Feldpausch, Flávio J. Luizão, Laynara F. Lugli, Susan G. Laurance, José Julio de Toledo, Demétrius Lira Martins, and Atila Alves de Oliveira

Subjects
Hydrology, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, Forest dynamics, Soil classification, Plant Science, 15. Life on land, Digging, Soil structure, Environmental science, Ecosystem, Coarse woody debris, Transect, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Background: Coarse woody debris (CWD) is an essential component in tropical forest ecosystems and its quantity varies widely with forest types.Aims: Relationships among CWD, soil, forest structure and other environmental factors were analysed to understand the drivers of variation in CWD in forests on different soil types across central Amazonia.Methods: To estimate CWD stocks and density of dead wood debris, 75 permanent forest plots of 0.5 ha in size were assessed along a transect that spanned ca. 700 km in undisturbed forests from north of the Rio Negro to south of the Rio Amazonas. Soil physical properties were evaluated by digging 2-m-deep pits and by taking auger samples.Results: Soil physical properties were the best predictors of CWD stocks; 37% of its variation was explained by effective soil depth. CWD stocks had a two-fold variation across a gradient of physical soil constraints (i.e. effective soil depth, anoxia and soil structure). Average biomass per tree was related to physical soil constra...

Published
2015
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6. Drought-mortality relationships for tropical forests

Author

Abel Monteagudo, Ted R. Feldpausch, Helen C. Keeling, Sandy J. Andelman, Luzmila Arroyo, Niro Higuchi, Jon Lloyd, Yadvinder Malhi, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Lilian Blanc, J. W. Ferry Slik, E. M. Jimenez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Michael P. Schwarz, Timothy R. Baker, Casimiro Mendoza, Bonaventure Sonké, Carlos A. Quesada, Marcos Silveira, Hirma Ramírez, Rafael Salamão, Euridice Honorio, Joshua B. Fisher, Samuel Almeida, Emilio Vilanova, Fredy Ramírez, Percy Núñez Vargas, Emanuel Gloor, Agustín Rudas, James Taplin, Simon L. Lewis, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Lola da Costa, Patrick Meir, Kelvin S.-H. Peh, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Juliana Stropp, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, David W. Galbraith, Sandra Patiño, Antonio Peña Cruz, Anne Sota Thomas, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Timothy J. Killeen, Kuo-Jung Chao, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Damien Bonal, Oliver L. Phillips, Alexandra C. Morel, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Javier Silva, Gerardo Aymard, Jon C. Lovett, Nikolaos M. Fyllas, Maria Aparecida Freitas, Adriana Prieto, Ana Andrade, University of Leeds, School of Geography, University of Oxford, University of Oxford [Oxford], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Universidad nacional de la amazonia peruana, Universidade Federal do Para, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], University of Edinburgh, INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES DE LA AMAZONIA PERUANA, Instituto de Manejo Forestal, Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Alexander von Humboldt' (IMT AvH), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), Universität Bayreuth, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana [Loreto, Perou] (UNAP), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring Network, Partenaires INRAE, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado [Bolivie], UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Universidade Federal de Pará, University of York, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt. Diagonal 27 No. 15-09, Universidad de Los Andes, University of Bayreuth, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Université de Yaoundé I, Humboldt University of Berlin, and Universidad de Los Andes [Venezuela] (ULA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Data Interpretation, Time Factors, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Rain, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, LAGS MORTALITY, Tropic Climate, Trees, AMAZON, Borneo, Tropical climate, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Silvicultura, Biomass, Forêt tropicale humide, DROUGHT, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Biomass (ecology), Plant Stems, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, Moisture stress, food and beverages, Adaptation, Physiological, Wood, Droughts, Geography, Drought Stress, Tree, Brazil, Woody plant, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate Change, Vulnerability, RAINFOR, BORNEO, Arbre, 010603 evolutionary biology, Risk Assessment, Models, Biological, Plant Stem, Time, Biological Model, Amazonia, Stress, Physiological, Forest ecology, parasitic diseases, TROPICS, Moisture Content, Tropical Forest, Ecosystem, Mortality, Adaptation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical Climate, Drought, Brasil, fungi, Tropics, Water, 15. Life on land, Medio Ambiente, Résistance à la sécheresse, Growth, Development And Aging, METIS-272981, H50 - Troubles divers des plantes
Abstract

The rich ecology of tropical forests is intimately tied to their moisture status. Multi-site syntheses can provide a macro-scale view of these linkages and their susceptibility to changing climates. Here, we report pan-tropical and regional-scale analyses of tree vulnerability to drought. We assembled available data on tropical forest tree stem mortality before, during, and after recent drought events, from 119 monitoring plots in 10 countries concentrated in Amazonia and Borneo. In most sites, larger trees are disproportionately at risk. At least within Amazonia, low wood density trees are also at greater risk of drought-associated mortality, independent of size. For comparable drought intensities, trees in Borneo are more vulnerable than trees in the Amazon. There is some evidence for lagged impacts of drought, with mortality rates remaining elevated 2 yr after the meteorological event is over. These findings indicate that repeated droughts would shift the functional composition of tropical forests toward smaller, denser-wooded trees. At very high drought intensities, the linear relationship between tree mortality and moisture stress apparently breaks down, suggesting the existence of moisture stress thresholds beyond which some tropical forests would suffer catastrophic tree mortality. © The Authors (2010). Journal compilation © New Phytologist Trust (2010).

Published
2010

7. Drought sensitivity of the Amazon rainforest

Author

Carlos A. Quesada, Ted R. Feldpausch, Gerardo Aymard, Fredy Ramírez, Marcos Silveira, Niro Higuchi, C Eurídice Honorio, Oliver L. Phillips, Alexandra C. Morel, Terry L. Erwin, Jon Lloyd, Emanuel Gloor, Anthony Di Fiore, Jérôme Chave, Michael P. Schwarz, Damien Bonal, Gareth Lloyd, Simon L. Lewis, Lilian Blanc, Olaf Bánki, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, M. C. Peñuela, Samuel Almeida, Julie Peacock, Sandy J. Andelman, Agustín Rudas, Sandra Patiño, Przemyslaw Zelazowski, Claudia I. Czimczik, Kuo-Jung Chao, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Casimiro Mendoza, Antonio Peña Cruz, Juliana Stropp, Natalino Silva, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Rafael Salamão, Helen C. Keeling, Paulo M. Brando, Patrick Meir, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Timothy J. Killeen, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Timothy R. Baker, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Ana Andrade, Yadvinder Malhi, Adriana Prieto, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Abel Monteagudo, Daniel C. Nepstad, Luzmila Arroyo, Maria Aparecida Freitas, Javier Silva, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, E. M. Jimenez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Anne Sota Thomas, William F. Laurance, Hans ter Steege, Geertjer Van Der Heijden, Joshua B. Fisher, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Climate, Biomass, 01 natural sciences, Trees, amazonie, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Biomasse, Silvicultura, Forêt tropicale humide, Milieux et Changements globaux, DROUGHT, AMAZON RAINFOREST, Multidisciplinary, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, Carbon sink, food and beverages, Droughts, CARBON CYCLE, adaptation à la sécheresse, stress à la sécheresse, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Brazil, cycle du carbone, F40 - Écologie végétale, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, General Science & Technology, forêt amazonienne, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, Climate change, Rainforest, 010603 evolutionary biology, Carbon cycle, Biodiversity and Ecology, Sécheresse, Affordable and Clean Energy, Deforestation, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, stress hybride, Changement climatique, Tropical Climate, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Atmosphere, tolérance à la sécheresse, Global change, Artículos, 15. Life on land, Carbon Dioxide, South America, Carbon, Climate Action, Medio Ambiente, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Environmental science, adaptation au changement climatique, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Amazon forests are a key but poorly understood component of the global carbon cycle. If, as anticipated, they dry this century, they might accelerate climate change through carbon losses and changed surface energy balances. We used records from multiple long-term monitoring plots across Amazonia to assess forest responses to the intense 2005 drought, a possible analog of future events. Affected forest lost biomass, reversing a large long-term carbon sink, with the greatest impacts observed where the dry season was unusually intense. Relative to pre-2005 conditions, forest subjected to a 100-millimeter increase in water deficit lost 5.3 megagrams of aboveground biomass of carbon per hectare. The drought had a total biomass carbon impact of 1.2 to 1.6 petagrams (1.2 × 10 15 to 1.6 × 10 15 grams). Amazon forests therefore appear vulnerable to increasing moisture stress, with the potential for large carbon losses to exert feedback on climate change.

Published
2009

8. Follow-up study in 25 asymptomatic sportsmen with Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern

Author

L. Maciel, M. Espiga Macedo, Ovídio Costa, Atila Alves de Oliveira, F. Sepulveda, and A. Falcāo De Freitas

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Heart disease, business.industry, Follow up studies, Accessory pathway, medicine.disease, Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern, Asymptomatic, Natural history, Ajmaline, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, cardiovascular diseases, medicine.symptom, business, Holter monitoring, medicine.drug
Abstract

In order to assess the natural history of asymptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, 25 sportsmen aged 27.6 years (range 15–44 years) with a WPW pattern on the ECG have been studied. In all cases, a history was taken, along with a complete physical examination, ECG and M-mode echocardiogram (since 1978) in order to exclude concurrent heart disease. Patients were seen at least once annually at our center. On at least one occasion a maximal exercise tolerance test and a 24-h Holter monitoring were performed, and in 13 subjects, the ajmaline test was carried out.

Published
1986

9. Natural History of the ECG Abnormalities in FAP Portuguese Type: A Follow-Up Study with ECG, Holter Monitoring and Intracardiac Electrophysiological Study

Author

Atila Alves de Oliveira, J. Campos, D. Cunha, Falcão de Freitas, and Luiz Maciel

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Follow up studies, Right bundle branch block, medicine.disease, Intracardiac injection, Natural history, Internal medicine, Symptom duration, medicine, Cardiology, business, Holter monitoring
Abstract

In order to establish the evolutive pattern of ECG abnormalities, their incidence was determined and matched with symptom duration in 352 consecutive patients seen from 1954 to 1986.

Published
1988

10. Variation in stem mortality rates determines patterns of above-ground biomass in Amazonian forests: implications for dynamic global vegetation models

Author

Thomas E. Lovejoy, Hans ter Steege, Casimiro Mendoza, Paul R. Moorcroft, Patrick Meir, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Leandro Valle Ferreira, José Luís Camargo, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Niro Higuchi, Raquel Thomas, David W. Galbraith, Gabriela Lopez Gonzalez, Bart Kruijt, Ted R. Feldpausch, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Timothy J. Killeen, Eric Arets, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Marielos Peña-Claros, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Philippe Ciais, Manuel Gloor, Matthieu Guimberteau, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Damien Bonal, Agustín Rudas, Euridice Honorio, Anja Rammig, Juan Carlos Licona, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Antonio Carlos Lola da Costa, Gerardo Aymard, Oliver L. Phillips, Emilio Vilanova, Bia Marimon, Carlos A. Quesada, Lourens Poorter, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, John Terborgh, Anthony Di Fiore, Hannes De Deurwaerder, Jérôme Chave, Jocely Barroso, Guido Pardo, Vincent A. Vos, Marisol Toledo, Christopher Baraloto, Juliana Stropp, Álvaro Cogollo, Roel J. W. Brienen, Darley C.L. Matos, Michelle O. Johnson, Yadvinder Malhi, Ke Zhang, Kirsten Thonicke, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Ana Andrade, Anand Roopsind, Abel Monteagudo, Luzmila Arroyo, Adriana Prieto, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Timothy R. Baker, Hans Verbeeck, Gilvan Sampaio, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, William F. Laurance, René G. A. Boot, Bradley O. Christoffersen, Sophie Fauset, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Celso von Randow, Rodolfo Vasquez, School of Geography [Leeds], University of Leeds, Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Missouri Botanical Garden, Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division [Los Alamos], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Alterra [Wageningen] (ESS-CC), Centre for Water and Climate [Wageningen], Research School of Biology, Australian National University (ANU), Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology [Cambridge] (OEB), Harvard University [Cambridge], Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies (CIMMS), Fundación Con-Vida, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno, Programa Cienclas Agro & Mar, UNELLEZ Guanare, Herbario Universitario PORT, Department of Biological Sciences [Miami], Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Tropenbos International (TBI), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program [Madre de Dios], Centro de Geociencias, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Dpt of Anthropology [Austin], University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), World Wide Fund (WWF), Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), James Cook University (JCU), Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Environmental Science and Policy Department and the Department of Public and International Affairs, George Mason University [Fairfax], Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonía, Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University [Durham], Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Museu Universitário, Institute of Biological Sciences, Medical and Health, Universidade Paranaense, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], School of Geography [Nottingham], University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, regional Norte Amazónico, 282664, AMAZALERT Raising the alert about critical feedbacks between climate and long-term land use change in the Amazon, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, ERC, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Urgency, Consortium and Standard Grant 'AMAZONICA' NE/F005806/1, Consortium and Standard Grant 'TROBIT' NE/D005590/1, Consortium and Standard Grant 'Niche Evolution of South American Trees' NE/I028122/1, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico of Brazil (CNPq), project Programa de Pesquisas Ecologicas de Longa Duracao PELD-403725/2012-7, Helmholtz Alliance 'Remote Sensing and Earth System Dynamics', EU FP7 project 'ROBIN' 283093, Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs KB-14-003-030, US DOE (BER) NGEE-Tropics project, ERC Advanced Grant, Royal Society-Wolfson Research Merit Award, ARC FT110100457, NERC NE/J011002/1, Leverhulme Trust Research Fellowship, European Project: 283080,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2011,GEOCARBON(2011), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Harvard University, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA [Belém, Brazil] (UFPA), University of Oxford, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Florida International University (FIU), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), and Universidad de los Andes [Bogota]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES, TREE MORTALITY, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Tropic Climate, Aboveground Biomass, Trees, Ecosystem model, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Primary Research Article, Biomass, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, Biomass (ecology), CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, Vegetation, Net Primary Production, Dynamic global vegetation model, PE&RC, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Tree, tropical forest, productivity, DROUGHT SENSITIVITY, dynamic global vegetation model, Stem, 010603 evolutionary biology, Carbon Cycle, forest plots, TROPICAL RAIN-FORESTS, Amazonia, allometry, Environmental Chemistry, Tropical Forest, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Forest, Mortality, Vegetatie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Allometry, Tropical Climate, WIMEK, Forest Ecosystem, EARTH SYSTEM, carbon, Theoretical Model, Primary production, 15. Life on land, South America, Models, Theoretical, Primary Research Articles, CARBON BALANCE, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, WOOD PRODUCTIVITY, Climate Resilience, 13. Climate action, Klimaatbestendigheid, Growth, Development And Aging, Earth and Environmental Sciences, WATER-BALANCE, Spatial ecology, Environmental science, cavelab, Spatial variability, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, ECOSYSTEM MODEL
Abstract

Understanding the processes that determine above-ground biomass (AGB) in Amazonian forests is important for predicting the sensitivity of these ecosystems to environmental change and for designing and evaluating dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). AGB is determined by inputs from woody productivity [woody net primary productivity (NPP)] and the rate at which carbon is lost through tree mortality. Here, we test whether two direct metrics of tree mortality (the absolute rate of woody biomass loss and the rate of stem mortality) and/or woody NPP, control variation in AGB among 167 plots in intact forest across Amazonia. We then compare these relationships and the observed variation in AGB and woody NPP with the predictions of four DGVMs. The observations show that stem mortality rates, rather than absolute rates of woody biomass loss, are the most important predictor of AGB, which is consistent with the importance of stand size structure for determining spatial variation in AGB. The relationship between stem mortality rates and AGB varies among different regions of Amazonia, indicating that variation in wood density and height/diameter relationships also influences AGB. In contrast to previous findings, we find that woody NPP is not correlated with stem mortality rates and is weakly positively correlated with AGB. Across the four models, basin-wide average AGB is similar to the mean of the observations. However, the models consistently overestimate woody NPP and poorly represent the spatial patterns of both AGB and woody NPP estimated using plot data. In marked contrast to the observations, DGVMs typically show strong positive relationships between woody NPP and AGB. Resolving these differences will require incorporating forest size structure, mechanistic models of stem mortality and variation in functional composition in DGVMs. © 2016 The Authors. Global Change Biology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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