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This article discusses how coalitions of wastewater dischargers in North Carolina are working with the state Division of Water Quality (DWQ) to implement and manage coalition-led watershed monitoring programs that operate in conjunction with DWQ's ambient chemical and biological programs. The author suggests that while instream monitoring is useful for evaluating the effect of a single discharge, its utility is limited when evaluating the larger watershed. The author suggests that another drawback of this monitoring system is that only field parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, and conductvity are tracked.