Search

Your search keyword '"Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division"' showing total 21 results
Start Over Author "Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division"
21 results on '"Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division"'

2. Climate control of terrestrial carbon exchange across biomes and continents

Author

Susumu Yamamoto, Tilden P. Meyers, Roberto Zampedri, Sonia Wharton, Krisztina Pintér, Nobuko Saigusa, Christopher B. Williams, Danilo Dragoni, João Pereira, Marc Aubinet, Gregory Starr, Janne Rinne, Jörgen Sagerfors, Alan Barr, Robert Clement, Mario B. S. Siqueira, Nina Buchmann, Lindsay B. Hutley, Laurent Misson, Jingxin Wang, Peter S. Curtis, Xinquan Zhao, Gabriel G. Katul, Leonardo Montagnani, Anders Lindroth, Thomas Foken, Stephen G. Pallardy, Haiqiang Guo, Tuomas Laurila, Casimiro Pio, M. Myklebust, Alessandro Araújo, John D. Albertson, Philippe Ciais, Christoph S. Vogel, Russell K. Monson, Werner L. Kutsch, James T. Randerson, Mika Aurela, Giorgio Matteucci, Chuixiang Yi, Ronald J. Ryel, Andrew Black, J. William Munger, Meelis Moelder, Eric Dufrêne, Christian Feigenwinter, Corinna Rebmann, Torbjoern Johansson, Fred C. Bosveld, Jiquan Chen, Benjamin Loubet, Alexander Knohl, Timothy A. Martin, J. Fuhrer, Nicolas Delpierre, Andreas Ibrom, Michael L. Goulden, Zoltán Barcza, Albin Hammerle, John Tenhunen, Lawrence B. Flanagan, Giovanni Manca, John Wolbeck, Mark A. Sutton, Paul Berbigier, Guirui Yu, William J. Massman, Ankur R. Desai, Eddy Moors, Mukufute M. Mukelabai, Christof Ammann, Hank A. Margolis, Lianhong Gu, Bernard Heinesch, Mats Nilsson, Allison L. Dunn, Ray Leuning, Zoltán Nagy, D. Bryan Dail, Shaoqiang Wang, Celso von Randow, Carole Helfter, Jason Beringer, Guenther Seufert, John Moncrieff, Hans Peter Schmid, Gerard Kiely, Luis Aires, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, André Granier, Thomas Gruenwald, Bruce D. Cook, Georg Wohlfahrt, Thomas Kolb, Shijie Han, Xiyan Xu, Pierre Cellier, Michal V. Marek, Allen H. Goldstein, Xuefa Wen, M. S. J. Broadmeadow, Serge Rambal, Paul V. Bolstad, Ram Oren, Daniel M. Ricciuto, Tha Paw U Kyaw, Werner Eugster, Sean P. Burns, Zoltán Tuba, M. Altaf Arain, Riccardo Valentini, Corinne Jacobs, Heping Liu, Christine Moureaux, Weiguo Wang, Marjan Jongen, Runze Li, Gabriel Pita, Bin Zhao, Nigel T. Roulet, Niall P. Hanan, Christian Bernhofer, Walter C. Oechel, Harry McCaughey, Bert G. Drake, Lutz Merbold, M. Montes-Helu, Peter M. Lafleur, Asko Noormets, Jean-François Soussana, John M. Frank, Katja Klumpp, Giuseppe-Scarascia Mugnozza, Jan Elbers, Sabina Dore, Dimmie Hendriks, Mirco Migliavacca, María José Sanz, Franco Miglietta, Roser Matamala, László Haszpra, Lisa R. Welp, Damiano Gianelle, Matthew Wilkinson, Kim Pilegaard, Federica Rossi, Thomas L. Powell, Jingming Chen, Ebba Dellwik, Matthias Falk, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College, City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), Environmental Sciences Division [Oak Ridge], Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-UT-Battelle, LLC, Department of Statistics, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), CESAM and Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University [Durham], Agroscope, School of Geography and Earth Sciences [Hamilton ON], McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Unit of Biosystem Physics, Université de Liège, Climate and Global Change Research [Helsinki], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Department of Meteorology [Budapest], Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Faculty of Sciences [Budapest], Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Faculty of Sciences [Budapest], Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), School of Geography and Environmental Science, Monash University [Clayton], Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology [Dresden], Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Forest Research, Institute of Plant Science, National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Department of Environmental Sciences [Toledo USA], University of Toledo, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Department of Plant, Soil, and Environmental Science, University of Maine, Wind Energy Division [Roskilde], Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy (Risø DTU), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU)-Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Madison], University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Atmospheric Science Program, Department of Geography, Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System-Indiana University System, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physical and Earth Science, Worcester State College, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institute for Meteorology, Climatology and Remote Sensing [Basel], University of Basel (Unibas), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Micrometeorology Group [Bayreuth], Universität Bayreuth, Rocky Mountain Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture, Environment and Natural Resources Area, Istituto Agrario di San Michele all'Adige (IASMA), Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management [Berkeley] (ESPM), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), Department of Earth System Science [Irvine] (ESS), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering [Shanghai], Institute of Biodiversity Science at Fudan University [Shanghai] (IBSFU), Institute of Ecology, Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory [Fort Collins] (NREL), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Hungarian Meteorological Service (OMSZ), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Department of Hydrology and Geo-Environmental Sciences [Amsterdam], Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Biosystems Division [Roskilde], Earth System Science and Climate Change Group, Geobiosphere Science Centre, Physical Geography and Ecosystems Analysis, Lund University [Lund], Instituto Superior de Agronomia [Lisboa] (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), School of the Environment, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University College Cork (UCC), Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP), Institut für Agrarrelevante Klimaforschung, Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut (vTI), Trent University, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (MAR), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Department of Physics, Atmospheric Sciences and Geoscience [Jackson], Jackson State University (JSU), Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (IIA), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Division of Ecosystems Processes Lab. of Plants Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology, Centre d'études de la forêt Faculté de Foresterie et de Géomatique, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL), Queen's University [Kingston, Canada], Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, ARL Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division (ATD), NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, DISAT, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Instituto di Biometeorologia, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado [Boulder], Servizi Forestali, Agenzia per l'Ambiente, Autonomous Province of Bolzano (APB), Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Unit of Crops Management, Zambia Meteorological Department (ZMD), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Cambridge, USA] (EPS), Harvard University, Institute of Botany and Ecophysiology, Agricultural University of Gödöllô, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Department of Biology [San Diego State Univ] (Biology SDSU), San Diego State University (SDSU), Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Department of Forestry, University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), University of Missouri System-University of Missouri System, Atmospheric Science Group, LAWR, CESAM and Department of Environment, Universidade de Aveiro, Mechanical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), The Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Earth System Science Center, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Department of Physics, Department of Geography [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University (USU), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterraneo, Department of Agronomy, Forestry and Land Use, Agricultural Research Council (CRA), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Collège de Direction (CODIR), University of Alabama [Tuscaloosa] (UA), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Plant Ecology, Department of Forest Environment and Resources, Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], Biological Station, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, chine, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research, IMSG@National Center for Environmental Predictions, Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California (UC), Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division (AEED), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Graduate Degree Program in Geography, Clark University, Okayama University, Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, City University of New-York [New-York] ( CUNY ), Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Department of Forest Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ( SLU ), Duke university [Durham], School of Geography and Earth Sciences, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate Change Research, Department Meteorology [Budapest], Eötvös Loránd University ( ELTE ) -Eötvös Loránd University ( ELTE ), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement ( EPHYSE - UR1263 ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, Technische Universität Dresden ( TUD ), University of British Columbia ( UBC ), University of Minnesota [Minneapolis], Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute ( KNMI ), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich ( ETH Zürich ), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] ( NCAR ), Environnement et Grandes Cultures ( EGC ), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Department of Environmental Sciences, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), Ohio State University [Columbus] ( OSU ), Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy ( Risø DTU ), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] ( DTU ) -Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] ( DTU ), University of Wisconsin-Madison [Madison], Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution ( ESE ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), University of California Davis, Institute for Meteorology, Climatology and Remote Sensing, University of Basel ( Unibas ), Department of Micrometeorology, University of Bayreuth, Istituto Agrario di San Michele all'Adige ( IASMA ), Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California [Berkeley], Department of Earth System Science [Irvine] ( ESS ), University of California [Irvine] ( UCI ), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] ( EEF ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, Department of Meteorology, Institute of Biodiversity Science at Fudan University [Shanghai] ( IBSFU ), University of Innsbruck, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] ( CAS ), Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU ), Hungarian Meteorological Service ( OMSz ), Department of Hydrology and Geo-Environmental Sciences, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] ( UvA ), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, University College Cork, UR 0874 Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial ( UREP ) -Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques ( EFPA ), Finnish Meteorological Institute ( FMI ), Marine and Atmospheric Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Department of Physics, Atmospheric Sciences and Geoscience, Jackson State University, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research ( IIA ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Université Laval, University of Florida [Gainesville], Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] ( ANL ), Queen's University [Kingston], Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division, Università degli studi di Milano [Milano], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Colorado Boulder [Boulder], Autonomous Province of Bolzano ( APB ), Zambia Meteorological Department ( ZMD ), Division of Engineering and Applied Science, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] ( NCSU ), Department of Biology [San Diego], San Diego State University ( SDSU ), University of Missouri ( Saisissez le sigle en majuscules sans points ), University of Aveiro, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa ( IST ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais ( INPE ), Université McGill, Utah State University ( USU ), Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies ( NIES ), Agricultural Research Council ( CRA ), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung ( IMK-IFU ), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie ( KIT ), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability ( IES ), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] ( JRC ), UAR 0233 Collège de Direction, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Direction Collégiale ( DCOLL ) -Collège de Direction ( CODIR ), University of Alabama [Tuscaloosa] ( UA ), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] ( CEH ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Tuscia University, University of California, Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU)-Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), University of California-University of California, University of California [Irvine] (UCI), Hungarian Meteorological Service (OMSz), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP)-Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (EFPA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Harvard University [Cambridge], University of Missouri [Columbia], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), McGill University, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Direction Collégiale (DCOLL)-Collège de Direction (CODIR), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Hydrology and Geo-environmental sciences, and Earth and Climate

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biome, UNCERTAINTY, Carbon sequestration, eddy flux photosynthesis, soil respiration, 01 natural sciences, Biomes, EDDY FUX, Soil respiration, SDG 13 - Climate Action, CWK - Earth System Science and Climate Change, Wageningen Environmental Research, Biosystemer, Photosynthesis, uncertainty, TEMPERATURE, SDG 15 - Life on Land, General Environmental Science, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, changement climatique, Respiration, Temperature, Dryness, Global Carbon Cycle, TERRESTRIAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION, facteur climatique, Forestry, Climate Control, deciduous forest, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, fluxes, RESPIRATION, Climatology, Terrestrial ecosystem, eddy-covariance measurements, INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY, CLIMATE CONTROL, BIOMES, SOIL RESPIRATION, DIOXIDE, cycle du carbone, Carbon Sequestration, FLUXES, effet de serre, LONG-TERM, interannual variability, SPATIAL VARIABILITY, education, water-vapor, Eddy covariance, DRYNESS, Miljø og klima, Eddy Fluxes, 114 Physical sciences, écosystème, Ecosystems, Carbon cycle, NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE, NEE, climate control, terrestrial carbon sequestration, temperature, dryness, eddy flux, biomes, photosynthesis, respiration, global carbon cycle, dioxide, bilan de carbone, température, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nee, long-term, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], EDDY-COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Carbon Dioxide, 15. Life on land, CWC - Earth System Science and Climate Change, Carbon, DECIDUOUS FOREST, GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE, flux, WATER-VAPOR, 13. Climate action, Atmospheric Chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Eddy flux, spatial variability
Abstract

Understanding the relationships between climate and carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems is critical to predict future levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide because of the potential accelerating effects of positive climate-carbon cycle feedbacks. However, directly observed relationships between climate and terrestrial CO2 exchange with the atmosphere across biomes and continents are lacking. Here we present data describing the relationships between net ecosystem exchange of carbon (NEE) and climate factors as measured using the eddy covariance method at 125 unique sites in various ecosystems over six continents with a total of 559 site-years. We find that NEE observed at eddy covariance sites is (1) a strong function of mean annual temperature at mid-and high-latitudes, (2) a strong function of dryness at mid-and low-latitudes, and (3) a function of both temperature and dryness around the mid-latitudinal belt (45 degrees N). The sensitivity of NEE to mean annual temperature breaks down at similar to 16 degrees C (a threshold value of mean annual temperature), above which no further increase of CO2 uptake with temperature was observed and dryness influence overrules temperature influence.

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Seismic waves in medium with poroelastic/elastic interfaces: a two-dimensional P-SV finite-difference modelling

Author

Julien Diaz, Peter Moczo, Miriam Kristekova, Arnaud Mesgouez, Gaëlle Lefeuve-Mesgouez, C. Morency, David Gregor, Jozef Kristek, Comenius University in Bratislava, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division (AEED), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Modélisation et simulation de la propagation des ondes fondées sur des mesures expérimentales pour caractériser des milieux géophysiques et héliophysiques et concevoir des objets complexes (MAKUTU), Laboratoire de Mathématiques et de leurs Applications [Pau] (LMAP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)

Subjects
Wave propagation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Poromechanics, Finite difference, Mechanics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Seismic wave, Computational seismology, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, Numerical approximations and analysis, Permeability and porosity, Theoretical seismology, Earthquake ground motions, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

SUMMARYWe present a new methodology of the finite-difference (FD) modelling of seismic wave propagation in a strongly heterogeneous medium composed of poroelastic (P) and (strictly) elastic (E) parts. The medium can include P/P, P/E and E/E material interfaces of arbitrary shapes. The poroelastic part can be with (i) zero resistive friction, (ii) non-zero constant resistive friction or (iii) JKD model of the frequency-dependent permeability and resistive friction. Our FD scheme is capable of subcell resolution: a material interface can have an arbitrary position in the spatial grid. The scheme keeps computational efficiency of the scheme for a smoothly and weakly heterogeneous medium (medium without material interfaces). Numerical tests against independent analytical, semi-analytical and spectral-element methods prove the efficiency and accuracy of our FD modelling. In numerical examples, we indicate effect of the P/E interfaces for the poroelastic medium with a constant resistive friction and medium with the JKD model of the frequency-dependent permeability and resistive friction. We address the 2-D P-SV problem. The approach can be readily extended to the 3-D problem.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Broadband Ground-Motion Simulation of an Intraslab Earthquake and Nonlinear Site Response: 2010 Ferndale, California, Earthquake Case Study

Author

Paul Somerville, Luis Fabian Bonilla, Arben Pitarka, Hong Kie Thio, Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division (AEED), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), URS Corporation, Séismes et Vibrations (IFSTTAR/GERS/SV), and Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Communauté Université Paris-Est

Subjects
[SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Empirical modelling, Magnitude (mathematics), Fault (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, Strong ground motion, Acceleration, Plate tectonics, Geophysics, Amplitude, 13. Climate action, SEISME, Slab, REPONSE SISMIQUE, Seismology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Intraslab earthquakes are generated by fault ruptures, which occur at shallow (20–60 km) or deep (>60 km) parts of a subducting tectonic plate slab. In both cases the rupture occurs in the vicinity of a zone with large velocity contrast and increased regional stress caused by the subducting plates. These conditions have significant effects on fault geometry, rupture dynamics, and seismic energy, which in turn affect the amplitude and duration of ground motion. Consequently, intraslab earthquakes can generate larger ground motion than shallow crustal earthquakes of same magnitude. Therefore their study is very important for strong ground motion prediction and seismic‐hazard assessment. In an effort to develop a methodology for simulating strong ground motion from intraslab earthquakes we tested the broadband ground‐motion simulation technique of Graves and Pitarka (2010) in modeling ground motion recorded from the M 6.5 2010 Ferndale, California, intraslab earthquake. The Graves and Pitarka (2010) method was originally developed for simulating crustal earthquakes. To our knowledge this is the first attempt to apply a broadband ground‐motion‐simulation method in modeling ground motion from intraslab earthquakes in the United States. A similar approach (Matsuzaki et al. , 2010) was applied to studying the rupture process of the 2001 Geiyo, Japan, intraslab earthquake using the recipe developed by Irikura and Miyake (2006). In this study we simulate and analyze ground‐motion‐acceleration time history recorded during the earthquake in a zone between Ferndale and Eureka, and Humboldt Bay. The earthquake was very well recorded in a geotechnical array located in the Humboldt Bay soft sediments. The ground‐motion acceleration recorded by the array’s instruments at several depths provided a good opportunity for testing numerical techniques and empirical models of the nonlinear seismic response of soils for input motion with moderate amplitude. A large part of our investigation is focused on modeling the observed nonlinear response …

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Does canopy mean nitrogen concentration explain variation in canopy light use efficiency across 14 contrasting forest sites?

Author

Matthias Falk, Sonia Wharton, Hans Verbeeck, Pasi Kolari, Annikki Mäkelä, Denis Loustau, Mikko Peltoniemi, Torben R. Christensen, Timo Vesala, Kentaro Takagi, Leonardo Montagnani, Fredrik Lagergren, Remko A. Duursma, Minna Pulkkinen, Department of Forest Sciences, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Vantaa Research Unit, Finnish Forest Research Institute, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Autonomous Province of Bolzano (APB), Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division (AEED), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Lund University [Lund], Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology - Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Department of Physics, UC Davis Biometeorology Group, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Light, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nitrogen, Physiology, Eddy covariance, Plant Science, Photosynthesis, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Trees, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Botany, eddy covariance, light use efficiency, Leaf area index, Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mathematics, canopy nitrogen concentration, Primary production, 15. Life on land, gross primary production, Photosynthetic capacity, Photosynthetically active radiation, Spatial variability, quantum yield, vegetation productivity, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The maximum light use efficiency (LUE = gross primary production (GPP)/absorbed photosynthetic photon flux density (aPPFD)) of plant canopies has been reported to vary spatially and some of this variation has previously been attributed to plant species differences. The canopy nitrogen concentration [N] can potentially explain some of this spatial variation. However, the current paradigm of the N-effect on photosynthesis is largely based on the relationship between photosynthetic capacity (A(max)) and [N], i.e., the effects of [N] on photosynthesis rates appear under high PPFD. A maximum LUE-[N] relationship, if it existed, would influence photosynthesis in the whole range of PPFD. We estimated maximum LUE for 14 eddy-covariance forest sites, examined its [N] dependency and investigated how the [N]-maximum LUE dependency could be incorporated into a GPP model. In the model, maximum LUE corresponds to LUE under optimal environmental conditions before light saturation takes place (the slope of GPP vs. PPFD under low PPFD). Maximum LUE was higher in deciduous/mixed than in coniferous sites, and correlated significantly with canopy mean [N]. Correlations between maximum LUE and canopy [N] existed regardless of daily PPFD, although we expected the correlation to disappear under low PPFD when LUE was also highest. Despite these correlations, including [N] in the model of GPP only marginally decreased the root mean squared error. Our results suggest that maximum LUE correlates linearly with canopy [N], but that a larger body of data is required before we can include this relationship into a GPP model. Gross primary production will therefore positively correlate with [N] already at low PPFD, and not only at high PPFD as is suggested by the prevailing paradigm of leaf-level A(max)-[N] relationships. This finding has consequences for modelling GPP driven by temporal changes or spatial variation in canopy [N].

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Element partitioning between magnesium silicate perovskite and ferropericlase: New insights into bulk lower-mantle geochemistry

Author

Frederick J. Ryerson, Peter K. Weber, Julien Siebert, Ahmed Addad, Stewart Fallon, James Badro, Anne-Line Auzende, Guillaume Fiquet, Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division (AEED), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Laboratoire de structures et propriétés de l'état solide (LSPES), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Energy and Environment, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science, Laboratoire de structures et propriétés de l'état solide - UMR 8008 (LSPES), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, iron partitioning, Silicate perovskite, Post-perovskite, Geochemistry, Spin transition, Iron oxide, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ferrous, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, ATEM, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), perovskite, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Perovskite (structure), nanoSIMS, post-perovskite, Silicate, high pressure, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, engineering, ferropericlase, Ferropericlase, laser-heated diamond anvil cell, Geology, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract

International audience; In this study, we investigated iron–magnesium exchange and transition-metal trace-element partitioning between magnesium silicate perovskite (Mg,Fe)SiO3 and ferropericlase (Mg,Fe)O synthetised under lower-mantle conditions (up to 115 GPa and 2200 K) in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Recovered samples were thinned to electron transparency by focused ion beam and characterized by analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM) and nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectroscopy (nanoSIMS). Iron concentrations in both phases were obtained from X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy measurements and nanoSIMS. Our results are the first to show that recently reported spin-state and phase transitions in the lower mantle directly affect the evolution of Fe–Mg exchange between both phases. Mg-perovskite becomes increasingly iron-depleted above 70–80 GPa possibly due to the high spin–low spin transition of iron in ferropericlase. Conversely, the perovskite to post-perovskite transition is accompanied by a strong iron enrichment of the silicate phase, ferropericlase remaining in the Fe-rich phase though. Nanoparticles of metallic iron were observed in the perovskite-bearing runs, suggesting the disproportionation of ferrous iron oxide, but were not observed when the post- perovskite phase was present. Implications on the oxidation state of the Earth and core segregation will be discussed. Transition trace-element (Ni, Mn) concentrations (determined with the nanoSIMS) show similar trends and could thus be used to trace the origin of diamonds generated at depth. This study provides new results likely to improve the geochemical and geophysical models of the Earth's deep interiors.

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Chemical imaging with NanoSIMS: A window into deep-Earth geochemistry

Author

Stewart Fallon, Peter K. Weber, A. Ricolleau, Ian D. Hutcheon, James Badro, Frederick J. Ryerson, Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Energy and Environment, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division (AEED), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Chemistry and Materials Science, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, trace elements, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, petrology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Scandium, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Stishovite, geochemistry, nanoSIMS, Strontium, Yttrium, laser heating, Secondary ion mass spectrometry, Perovskite, Geophysics, lower mantle, chemistry, diamond anvil cell, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Calcium silicate, Geology, Earth (classical element), [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract

International audience; We use a combination of nanometer-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) and analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM) for chemical imaging of material transformed in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell (LH-DAC), in the pressure and temperature range of Earth's lower mantle. MORB (mid-ocean ridge basalt), one of the components of subducted oceanic lithosphere, was transformed to an assemblage of Mg-perovskite, Ca-perovskite, stishovite and a calcium ferrite-structure phase at 55 GPa and 2100 °C in an LH-DAC. Elemental imaging spanning the entire range of concentrations, from major elements such as silicon (49.5 wt.% SiO2) to trace elements such as strontium (118 ppm), scandium, and yttrium (both at 40 ppm) was obtained with a Cameca NanoSIMS 50. We observe a preferential partitioning of scandium, yttrium and strontium in the calcium silicate perovskite phase, and we compare this to recently measured solid–liquid partition coefficients and fractionation at lower pressures. This type of measurement demonstrates that even the most complex mineral assemblages can be probed using this combination of techniques and opens new pathways towards the characterization and quantification of geochemical interactions and processes occurring in the deep Earth.

Published
2007
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Mid-infrared trace detection with parts-per-quadrillion quantitation accuracy: Expanding frontiers of radiocarbon sensing.

Author

Jiang J and McCartt AD

Abstract

Detection sensitivity is a critical characteristic to consider during selection of spectroscopic techniques. However, high sensitivity alone is insufficient for spectroscopic measurements in spectrally congested regions. Two-color cavity ringdown spectroscopy (2C-CRDS), based on intra-cavity pump-probe detection, simultaneously achieves high detection sensitivity and selectivity. This combination enables mid-infrared detection of radiocarbon dioxide ([Formula: see text]CO[Formula: see text]) molecules in room-temperature CO[Formula: see text] samples, with 1.4 parts-per-quadrillion (ppq, 10[Formula: see text]) sensitivity (average measurement precision) and 4.6-ppq quantitation accuracy (average calibrated measurement error for 21 samples from four separate trials) demonstrated on samples with [Formula: see text]C/C up to [Formula: see text]1.5[Formula: see text] natural abundance ([Formula: see text]1,800 ppq). These highly reproducible measurements, which are the most sensitive and quantitatively accurate in the mid-infrared, are accomplished despite the presence of orders-of-magnitude stronger, one-photon signals from other CO[Formula: see text] isotopologues. This is a major achievement in laser spectroscopy. A room-temperature-operated, compact, and low-cost 2C-CRDS sensor for [Formula: see text]CO[Formula: see text] benefits a wide range of scientific fields that utilize [Formula: see text]C for dating and isotope tracing, most notably atmospheric [Formula: see text]CO[Formula: see text] monitoring to track CO[Formula: see text] emissions from fossil fuels. The 2C-CRDS technique significantly enhances the general utility of high-resolution mid-infrared detection for analytical measurements and fundamental chemical dynamics studies., Competing Interests: Competing interests statement:J.J. and A.D.M. are employees of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, which is managed by Lawrence Livermore National Security (LLNS) LLC. A patent based on the 2C-CRDS technique, which is applied to the 14CO2 measurements in this study, was filed by LLNS. The patent application has been approved by the US Patent Office with Patent number US11585753.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Dominant heterocyclic composition of dissolved organic nitrogen in the ocean: A new paradigm for cycling and persistence.

Author

Broek TAB, McCarthy MD, Ianiri HL, Vaughn JS, Mason HE, and Knapp AN

Abstract

Marine dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is one of the planet's largest reservoirs of fixed N, which persists even in the N-limited oligotrophic surface ocean. The vast majority of the ocean's total DON reservoir is refractory (RDON), primarily composed of low molecular weight (LMW) compounds in the subsurface and deep sea. However, the composition of this major N pool, as well as the reasons for its accumulation and persistence, are not understood. Past characterization of the analytically more tractable, but quantitatively minor, high molecular weight (HMW) DON fraction revealed a functionally simple amide-dominated composition. While extensive work in the past two decades has revealed enormous complexity and structural diversity in LMW dissolved organic carbon, no efforts have specifically targeted LMW nitrogenous molecules. Here, we report the first coupled isotopic and solid-state NMR structural analysis of LMW DON isolated throughout the water column in two ocean basins. Together these results provide a first view into the composition, potential sources, and cycling of this dominant portion of marine DON. Our data indicate that RDON is dominated by 15 N-depleted heterocyclic-N structures, entirely distinct from previously characterized HMW material. This fundamentally new view of marine DON composition suggests an important structural control for RDON accumulation and persistence in the ocean. The mechanisms of production, cycling, and removal of these heterocyclic-N-containing compounds now represents a central challenge in our understanding of the ocean's DON reservoir., Competing Interests: Competing interests statement:The authors declare no competing interest.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Contrasting Trivalent Lanthanide and Actinide Complexation by Polyoxometalates via Solution-State NMR.

Author

Colla CA, Colliard I, Sawvel AM, Nyman M, Mason HE, and Deblonde GJ

Abstract

Deciphering the solution chemistry and speciation of actinides is inherently difficult due to radioactivity, rarity, and cost constraints, especially for transplutonium elements. In this context, the development of new chelating platforms for actinides and associated spectroscopic techniques is particularly important. In this study, we investigate a relatively overlooked class of chelators for actinide binding, namely, polyoxometalates (POMs). We provide the first NMR measurements on americium-POM and curium-POM complexes, using one-dimensional (1D) 31 P NMR, variable-temperature NMR, and spin-lattice relaxation time ( T ) experiments. The proposed POM-NMR approach allows for the study of trivalent f-elements even when only microgram amounts are available and in phosphate-containing solutions where f-elements are typically insoluble. The solution-state speciation of trivalent americium, curium, plus multiple lanthanide ions (La 1 ) experiments. The proposed POM-NMR approach allows for the study of trivalent f-elements even when only microgram amounts are available and in phosphate-containing solutions where f-elements are typically insoluble. The solution-state speciation of trivalent americium, curium, plus multiple lanthanide ions (La 3+ , Nd 3+ , Sm 3+ , Eu 3+ , and Lu 3+ , and Lu 3+ ), in the presence of the model POM ligand PW 11 was elucidated and revealed the concurrent formation of two stable complexes, [M 39 7- was elucidated and revealed the concurrent formation of two stable complexes, [M III (PW 11 O 39 )(H 2 and [M x ] 4- and [M III (PW 11 O 39 . Interconversion reaction constants, reaction enthalpies, and reaction entropies were derived from the NMR data. The NMR results also provide experimental evidence of the weakly paramagnetic nature of the Am 2 and Cm 11- . Interconversion reaction constants, reaction enthalpies, and reaction entropies were derived from the NMR data. The NMR results also provide experimental evidence of the weakly paramagnetic nature of the Am 3+ relaxation times of the 1:1 and 1:2 complexes and the preferential formation of the long 3+ ions in solution. Furthermore, the study reveals a previously unnoticed periodicity break along the f-element series with the reversal of T species for the late lanthanides, americium, and curium. Given the broad variety of POM ligands that exist, with many of them containing NMR-active nuclei, the combined POM-NMR approach reported here opens a new avenue to investigate difficult-to-study elements such as heavy actinides and other radionuclides.1 relaxation times of the 1:1 and 1:2 complexes and the preferential formation of the long T 1 species for the early lanthanides versus the short T 1 species for the late lanthanides, americium, and curium. Given the broad variety of POM ligands that exist, with many of them containing NMR-active nuclei, the combined POM-NMR approach reported here opens a new avenue to investigate difficult-to-study elements such as heavy actinides and other radionuclides.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Polyoxometalates as ligands to synthesize, isolate and characterize compounds of rare isotopes on the microgram scale.

Author

Colliard I, Lee JRI, Colla CA, Mason HE, Sawvel AM, Zavarin M, Nyman M, and Deblonde GJ

Subjects
Ligands, Anions, Crystallography, X-Ray, Isotopes, Coordination Complexes
Abstract

The synthesis and study of radioactive compounds are both inherently limited by their toxicity, cost and isotope scarcity. Traditional methods using small inorganic or organic complexes typically require milligrams of sample-per attempt-which for some isotopes is equivalent to the world's annual supply. Here we demonstrate that polyoxometalates (POMs) enable the facile formation, crystallization, handling and detailed characterization of metal-ligand complexes from microgram quantities owing to their high molecular weight and controllable solubility properties. Three curium-POM complexes were prepared, using just 1-10 μg per synthesis of the rare isotope 248 Cm 3+ , and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, showing an eight-coordinated Cm 3+ centre. Moreover, spectrophotometric, fluorescence, NMR and Raman analyses of several f-block element-POM complexes, including 243 Am 3+ and 248 Cm 3+ , showed otherwise unnoticeable differences between their solution versus solid-state chemistry, and actinide versus lanthanide behaviour. This POM-driven strategy represents a viable path to isolate even rarer complexes, notably with actinium or transcalifornium elements., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Regional Relative Risk, a Physics-Based Metric for Characterizing Airborne Infectious Disease Transmission.

Author

Dillon MB and Dillon CF

Subjects
Humans, Models, Theoretical, Physics, Risk, Air Microbiology, Infections transmission
Abstract

Airborne infectious disease transmission events occur over a wide range of spatial scales and can be an important means of disease transmission. Physics- and biology-based models can assist in predicting airborne transmission events, overall disease incidence, and disease control strategy efficacy. We describe a new theory that extends current approaches for the case in which an individual is infected by a single airborne particle, including the scenario in which numerous infectious particles are present in the air but only one causes infection. A single infectious particle can contain more than one pathogenic microorganism and be physically larger than the pathogen itself. This approach allows robust relative risk estimates even when there is wide variation in (i) individual exposures and (ii) the individual response to that exposure (the pathogen dose-response function can take any mathematical form and vary by individual). Based on this theory, we propose the regional relative risk-a new metric, distinct from the traditional relative risk metric, that compares the risk between two regions. In theory, these regions can range from individual rooms to large geographic areas. In this paper, we apply the regional relative risk metric to outdoor disease transmission events over spatial scales ranging from 50 m to 20 km, demonstrating that in many common cases minimal input information is required to use the metric. Also, we demonstrate that the model predictions are consistent with data from prior outbreaks. Future efforts could apply and validate this theory for other spatial scales, such as transmission within indoor environments. This work provides context for (i) the initial stages of an airborne disease outbreak and (ii) larger-scale disease spread, including unexpected low-probability disease "sparks" that potentially affect remote populations, a key practical issue in controlling airborne disease outbreaks. IMPORTANCE Airborne infectious disease transmission events occur over a wide range of spatial scales and can be important to disease outbreaks. We describe a new physics- and biology-based theory for the important case in which individuals are infected by a single airborne particle (even though numerous infectious particles can be emitted into the air and inhaled). Based on this theory, we propose a new epidemiological metric, regional relative risk, that compares the risk between two geographic regions (in theory, regions can range from individual rooms to large areas). Our modeling of transmission events predicts that for many scenarios of interest, minimal information is required to use this metric for locations 50 m to 20 km downwind. This prediction is consistent with data from prior disease outbreaks. Future efforts could apply and validate this theory for other spatial scales, such as indoor environments. Our results may be applicable to many airborne diseases a priori , as these results depend on the physics of airborne particulate dispersion.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Multi-Scale Airborne Infectious Disease Transmission.

Author

Dillon CF and Dillon MB

Abstract

Airborne disease transmission is central to many scientific disciplines including agriculture, veterinary biosafety, medicine, and public health. Legal and regulatory standards are in place to prevent agricultural, nosocomial, and community airborne disease transmission. However, the overall importance of the airborne pathway is underappreciated, e.g.,, US National Library of Medicine's Medical Subjects Headings (MESH) thesaurus lacks an airborne disease transmission indexing term. This has practical consequences as airborne precautions to control epidemic disease spread may not be taken when airborne transmission is important, but unrecognized. Publishing clearer practical methodological guidelines for surveillance studies and disease outbreak evaluations could help address this situation.To inform future work, this paper highlights selected, well-established airborne transmission events - largely cases replicated in multiple, independently conducted scientific studies. Methodologies include field experiments, modeling, epidemiology studies, disease outbreak investigations and mitigation studies. Collectively, this literature demonstrates that airborne viruses, bacteria, and fungal pathogens have the capability to cause disease in plants, animals, and humans over multiple distances - from near range (< 5 m) to continental (> 500 km) in scale. The plausibility and implications of undetected airborne disease transmission are discussed, including the notable underreporting of disease burden for several airborne transmitted diseases., (Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology.)

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Real Time 3D Observations of Portland Cement Carbonation at CO 2 Storage Conditions.

Author

Chavez Panduro EA, Cordonnier B, Gawel K, Børve I, Iyer J, Carroll SA, Michels L, Rogowska M, McBeck JA, Sørensen HO, Walsh SDC, Renard F, Gibaud A, Torsæter M, and Breiby DW

Subjects
Construction Materials, Water, X-Ray Microtomography, Carbon Dioxide, Carbonates
Abstract

Depleted oil reservoirs are considered a viable solution to the global challenge of CO 2 storage. A key concern is whether the wells can be suitably sealed with cement to hinder the escape of CO 2 . Under reservoir conditions, CO 2 is in its supercritical state, and the high pressures and temperatures involved make real-time microscopic observations of cement degradation experimentally challenging. Here, we present an in situ 3D dynamic X-ray micro computed tomography (μ-CT) study of well cement carbonation at realistic reservoir stress, pore-pressure, and temperature conditions. The high-resolution time-lapse 3D images allow monitoring the progress of reaction fronts in Portland cement, including density changes, sample deformation, and mineral precipitation and dissolution. By switching between flow and nonflow conditions of CO 2 -saturated water through cement, we were able to delineate regimes dominated by calcium carbonate precipitation and dissolution. For the first time, we demonstrate experimentally the impact of the flow history on CO 2 leakage risk for cement plugging. In-situ μ-CT experiments combined with geochemical modeling provide unique insight into the interactions between CO 2 and cement, potentially helping in assessing the risks of CO 2 storage in geological reservoirs.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Earth's water reservoirs in a changing climate.

Author

Stephens GL, Slingo JM, Rignot E, Reager JT, Hakuba MZ, Durack PJ, Worden J, and Rocca R

Abstract

Progress towards achieving a quantitative understanding of the exchanges of water between Earth's main water reservoirs is reviewed with emphasis on advances accrued from the latest advances in Earth Observation from space. These exchanges of water between the reservoirs are a result of processes that are at the core of important physical Earth-system feedbacks, which fundamentally control the response of Earth's climate to the greenhouse gas forcing it is now experiencing, and are therefore vital to understanding the future evolution of Earth's climate. The changing nature of global mean sea level (GMSL) is the context for discussion of these exchanges. Different sources of satellite observations that are used to quantify ice mass loss and water storage over continents, how water can be tracked to its source using water isotope information and how the waters in different reservoirs influence the fluxes of water between reservoirs are described. The profound influence of Earth's hydrological cycle, including human influences on it, on the rate of GMSL rise is emphasized. The many intricate ways water cycle processes influence water exchanges between reservoirs and thus sea-level rise, including disproportionate influences by the tiniest water reservoirs, are emphasized., Competing Interests: We declare we have no competing interests., (© 2020 The Author(s).)

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Using imaging spectroscopy to detect variation in terrestrial ecosystem productivity across a water-stressed landscape.

Author

DuBois S, Desai AR, Singh A, Serbin SP, Goulden ML, Baldocchi DD, Ma S, Oechel WC, Wharton S, Kruger EL, and Townsend PA

Subjects
California, Forests, Grassland, Wetlands, Droughts, Ecosystem, Remote Sensing Technology methods, Spectrum Analysis methods
Abstract

A central challenge to understanding how climate anomalies, such as drought and heatwaves, impact the terrestrial carbon cycle, is quantification and scaling of spatial and temporal variation in ecosystem gross primary productivity (GPP). Existing empirical and model-based satellite broadband spectra-based products have been shown to miss critical variation in GPP. Here, we evaluate the potential of high spectral resolution (10 nm) shortwave (400-2,500 nm) imagery to better detect spatial and temporal variations in GPP across a range of ecosystems, including forests, grassland-savannas, wetlands, and shrublands in a water-stressed region. Estimates of GPP from eddy covariance observations were compared against airborne hyperspectral imagery, collected across California during the 2013-2014 HyspIRI airborne preparatory campaign. Observations from 19 flux towers across 23 flight campaigns (102 total image-flux tower pairs) showed GPP to be strongly correlated to a suite of spectral wavelengths and band ratios associated with foliar physiology and chemistry. A partial least squares regression (PLSR) modeling approach was then used to predict GPP with higher validation accuracy (adjusted R 2  = 0.71) and low bias (0.04) compared to existing broadband approaches (e.g., adjusted R 2  = 0.68 and bias = -5.71 with the Sims et al. model). Significant wavelengths contributing to the PLSR include those previously shown to coincide with Rubisco (wavelengths 1,680, 1,740, and 2,290 nm) and V cmax (wavelengths 1,680, 1,722, 1,732, 1,760, and 2,300 nm). These results provide strong evidence that advances in satellite spectral resolution offer significant promise for improved satellite-based monitoring of GPP variability across a diverse range of terrestrial ecosystems., (© 2018 by the Ecological Society of America.)

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Photosynthetic responses to temperature across leaf-canopy-ecosystem scales: a 15-year study in a Californian oak-grass savanna.

Author

Ma S, Osuna JL, Verfaillie J, and Baldocchi DD

Subjects
Climate Change, Ecosystem, Grassland, Photosynthesis physiology, Plant Leaves metabolism, Temperature, Poaceae metabolism
Abstract

Ecosystem CO 2 fluxes measured with eddy-covariance techniques provide a new opportunity to retest functional responses of photosynthesis to abiotic factors at the ecosystem level, but examining the effects of one factor (e.g., temperature) on photosynthesis remains a challenge as other factors may confound under circumstances of natural experiments. In this study, we developed a data mining framework to analyze a set of ecosystem CO 2 fluxes measured from three eddy-covariance towers, plus a suite of abiotic variables (e.g., temperature, solar radiation, air, and soil moisture) measured simultaneously, in a Californian oak-grass savanna from 2000 to 2015. Natural covariations of temperature and other factors caused remarkable confounding effects in two particular conditions: lower light intensity at lower temperatures and drier air and soil at higher temperatures. But such confounding effects may cancel out. At the ecosystem level, photosynthetic responses to temperature did follow a quadratic function on average. The optimum value of photosynthesis occurred within a narrow temperature range (i.e., optimum temperature, T opt ): 20.6 ± 0.6, 18.5 ± 0.7, 19.2 ± 0.5, and 19.0 ± 0.6 °C for the oak canopy, understory grassland, entire savanna, and open grassland, respectively. This paradigm confirms that photosynthesis response to ambient temperature changes is a functional relationship consistent across leaf-canopy-ecosystem scales. Nevertheless, T opt can shift with variations in light intensity, air dryness, or soil moisture. These findings will pave the way to a direct determination of thermal optima and limits of ecosystem photosynthesis, which can in turn provide a rich resource for baseline thresholds and dynamic response functions required for predicting global carbon balance and geographic shifts of vegetative communities in response to climate change.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Kinematics and dynamics of the East Pacific Rise linked to a stable, deep-mantle upwelling.

Author

Rowley DB, Forte AM, Rowan CJ, Glišović P, Moucha R, Grand SP, and Simmons NA

Abstract

Earth's tectonic plates are generally considered to be driven largely by negative buoyancy associated with subduction of oceanic lithosphere. In this context, mid-ocean ridges (MORs) are passive plate boundaries whose divergence accommodates flow driven by subduction of oceanic slabs at trenches. We show that over the past 80 million years (My), the East Pacific Rise (EPR), Earth's dominant MOR, has been characterized by limited ridge-perpendicular migration and persistent, asymmetric ridge accretion that are anomalous relative to other MORs. We reconstruct the subduction-related buoyancy fluxes of plates on either side of the EPR. The general expectation is that greater slab pull should correlate with faster plate motion and faster spreading at the EPR. Moreover, asymmetry in slab pull on either side of the EPR should correlate with either ridge migration or enhanced plate velocity in the direction of greater slab pull. Based on our analysis, none of the expected correlations are evident. This implies that other forces significantly contribute to EPR behavior. We explain these observations using mantle flow calculations based on globally integrated buoyancy distributions that require core-mantle boundary heat flux of up to 20 TW. The time-dependent mantle flow predictions yield a long-lived deep-seated upwelling that has its highest radial velocity under the EPR and is inferred to control its observed kinematics. The mantle-wide upwelling beneath the EPR drives horizontal components of asthenospheric flows beneath the plates that are similarly asymmetric but faster than the overlying surface plates, thereby contributing to plate motions through viscous tractions in the Pacific region.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Seasonal trends in photosynthesis and electron transport during the Mediterranean summer drought in leaves of deciduous oaks.

Author

Osuna JL, Baldocchi DD, Kobayashi H, and Dawson TE

Subjects
California, Electron Transport, Plant Leaves metabolism, Seasons, Droughts, Photosynthesis, Quercus metabolism
Abstract

The California Mediterranean savanna has harsh summer conditions with minimal soil moisture, high temperature, high incoming solar radiation and little or no precipitation. Deciduous blue oaks, Quercus douglasii Hook. and Arn., are winter-deciduous obligate phreatophytes, transpiring mostly groundwater throughout the summer drought. The objective of this work is to fully characterize the seasonal trends of photosynthesis in blue oaks as well as the mechanistic relationships between leaf structure and function. We estimate radiative load of the leaves via the FLiES model and perform in situ measurements of leaf water potential, leaf nitrogen content, an index of chlorophyll content (SPAD readings), photosynthetic and electron transport capacity, and instantaneous rates of CO2 assimilation and electron transport. We measured multiple trees over 3 years providing data from a range of conditions. Our study included one individual that demonstrated strong drought stress as indicated by changes in SPAD readings, leaf nitrogen and all measures of leaf functioning. In the year following severe environmental stress, one individual altered foliation patterns on the crown but did not die. In all other individuals, we found that net carbon assimilation and photosynthetic capacity decreased during the summer drought. SPAD values, electron transport rate (ETR) and quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) did not show a strong decrease during the summer drought. In most individuals, PSII activity and SPAD readings did not indicate leaf structural or functional damage throughout the season. While net carbon assimilation was tightly coupled to stomatal conductance, the coupling was not as tight with ETR possibly due to contributions from photorespiration or other protective processes. Our work demonstrates that the blue oaks avoid structural damage by maintaining the capacity to convert and dissipate incoming solar radiation during the hot summer drought and are effective at fixing carbon by maximizing rates during the mild spring conditions., (© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Geomechanical behavior of the reservoir and caprock system at the In Salah CO2 storage project.

Author

White JA, Chiaramonte L, Ezzedine S, Foxall W, Hao Y, Ramirez A, and McNab W

Abstract

Almost 4 million metric tons of CO2 were injected at the In Salah CO2 storage site between 2004 and 2011. Storage integrity at the site is provided by a 950-m-thick caprock that sits above the injection interval. This caprock consists of a number of low-permeability units that work together to limit vertical fluid migration. These are grouped into main caprock units, providing the primary seal, and lower caprock units, providing an additional buffer and some secondary storage capacity. Monitoring observations at the site indirectly suggest that pressure, and probably CO2, have migrated upward into the lower portion of the caprock. Although there are no indications that the overall storage integrity has been compromised, these observations raise interesting questions about the geomechanical behavior of the system. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the measured pressure, seismic, and surface deformation behavior. These include fault leakage, flow through preexisting fractures, and the possibility that injection pressures induced hydraulic fractures. This work evaluates these hypotheses in light of the available data. We suggest that the simplest and most likely explanation for the observations is that a portion of the lower caprock was hydrofractured, although interaction with preexisting fractures may have played a significant role. There are no indications, however, that the overall storage complex has been compromised, and several independent data sets demonstrate that CO2 is contained in the confinement zone.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Microbially enhanced dissolution and reductive dechlorination of PCE by a mixed culture: model validation and sensitivity analysis.

Author

Chen M, Abriola LM, Amos BK, Suchomel EJ, Pennell KD, Löffler FE, and Christ JA

Subjects
Oxidation-Reduction, Solubility, Bacteria metabolism, Models, Theoretical, Tetrachloroethylene metabolism, Water Pollutants, Chemical metabolism
Abstract

Reductive dechlorination catalyzed by organohalide-respiring bacteria is often considered for remediation of non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) source zones due to cost savings, ease of implementation, regulatory acceptance, and sustainability. Despite knowledge of the key dechlorinators, an understanding of the processes and factors that control NAPL dissolution rates and detoxification (i.e., ethene formation) is lacking. A recent column study demonstrated a 5-fold cumulative enhancement in tetrachloroethene (PCE) dissolution and ethene formation (Amos et al., 2009). Spatial and temporal monitoring of key geochemical and microbial (i.e., Geobacter lovleyi and Dehalococcoides mccartyi strains) parameters in the column generated a data set used herein as the basis for refinement and testing of a multiphase, compositional transport model. The refined model is capable of simulating the reactive transport of multiple chemical constituents produced and consumed by organohalide-respiring bacteria and accounts for substrate limitations and competitive inhibition. Parameter estimation techniques were used to optimize the values of sensitive microbial kinetic parameters, including maximum utilization rates, biomass yield coefficients, and endogenous decay rates. Comparison and calibration of model simulations with the experimental data demonstrate that the model is able to accurately reproduce measured effluent concentrations, while delineating trends in dechlorinator growth and reductive dechlorination kinetics along the column. Sensitivity analyses performed on the optimized model parameters indicate that the rates of PCE and cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) transformation and Dehalococcoides growth govern bioenhanced dissolution, as long as electron donor (i.e., hydrogen flux) is not limiting. Dissolution enhancements were shown to be independent of cis-DCE accumulation; however, accumulation of cis-DCE, as well as column length and flow rate (i.e., column residence time), strongly influenced the extent of reductive dechlorination. When cis-DCE inhibition was neglected, the model over-predicted ethene production ten-fold, while reductions in residence time (i.e., a two-fold decrease in column length or two-fold increase in flow rate) resulted in a more than 70% decline in ethene production. These results suggest that spatial and temporal variations in microbial community composition and activity must be understood to model, predict, and manage bioenhanced NAPL dissolution., (Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results