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Copyright of Journal of Psychology & Education / Revista de Psicología y Educación is the property of Revista de Psicologia de Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Este estudio analiza las atribuciones causales en alumnos de educación secundaria y si estas atribuciones varían de acuerdo con el tipo de dificultad, así como al éxito o no en otras áreas de desempeño personal. A partir de una muestra de 371 alumnos entre 13 y 16 años, 67 de ellos con diagnóstico de dificultades de aprendizaje, se evaluaron los patrones de atribuciones causales y su relación con el rendimiento académico, como con su participación en actividades deportivas y artísticas. Los resultados muestran que a mayor dificultad mayor la atribución en considerar el esfuerzo como causa principal para alcanzar éxitos en su proceso de aprendizaje; no encontrándose diferencia en función del tipo de dificultad. Asimismo, cuando los alumnos con dificultades en el aprendizaje se sienten competentes en áreas no académicas, pueden desarrollar una mejor predisposición al logro. Esto impactaría en sus capacidades para enfrentar los aprendizajes, su percepción de competencia y procesos de autorregulación.

El presente estudio examina el rol de variables de tipo socio-emocionales que se relacionen con el rendimiento escolar de los estudiantes en matemáticas de educación secundaria (N=1498), tales como los estilos atributivos respecto del éxito o fracaso escolar, estrategias de autorregulación o control de estudios, y resiliencia respecto del rendimiento académico en matemáticas. Con un enfoque cuantitativo y un Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales, se destaca el papel del estilo atributivo interno como variable relevante de la variabilidad de las calificaciones en matemáticas y su rol mediador respecto de habilidades cognitivas como el control del estudio, o aquellas más ligadas al nivel emocional como la resiliencia. El género no constituye una variable moderadora de los resultados.Se discuten los hallazgos y sus proyecciones en el ámbito educativo, especialmente por el hecho que dichas variables pueden ser objeto de intervención por parte de profesores o agentes educativos. Estas intervenciones de los profesores podría permitir acceder a los estudiantes de contextos de alta vulnerabilidad social a una educación de calidad por sobre los elementos estructurales de la alta estratificación social del sistema chileno.

Recent meta-analyses have shown a significant link between symptoms of anxiety and depression, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The presence of these symptoms has a direct impact on the course and the recovery from the CVDs. A less analyzed aspect is the role played by the stress induced by the onset of CVDs conditions and, especially, by acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In this study, we assessed posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), emotional state, health habits, and subjective perception of the event and causal attributions regarding the infarct, in a sample of 76 patients who had suffered an AMI in the previous 48-72 hours. Structural equation analyses and path analyses showed that the severity of PTSS was predicted by the perceived severity of the AMI and by two specific beliefs (i.e., considering that the AMI is a hereditary condition and that the help of others will not be beneficial). The results suggest the possibility of early identification of patients with a higher risk of suffering a high level of stress derived from the AMI. Based on this evidence, we discuss the possibilities of making effective interventions to reduce these symptoms, often ignored in clinical practice, and improve the medical and psychological prognosis of people with AMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La ansiedad escolar consiste en un conjunto de respuestas de tipo cognitivo, conductual y psicofisiológico que los estudiantes emiten cuando perciben situaciones del ámbito escolar como una amenaza. Aunque el alumnado puede tener mayor probabilidad de manifestar respuestas de ansiedad escolar según su estilo atribucional en el área de Lenguaje, la literatura científica existente sobre la relación entre ambos constructos en la adolescencia es limitada. El presente estudio se propuso examinar la capacidad predictiva de las atribuciones causales en Lenguaje sobre las tres respuestas de ansiedad escolar: ansiedad cognitiva, ansiedad conductual y ansiedad psicofisiológica. Se administró el Inventario de Ansiedad Escolar (IAES) y la Sydney Attribution Scale (SAS) a 586 estudiantes de entre 12 y 18 años (M =14.82; DE = 1.86). Los modelos de regresión logística revelaron valores de la odd ratio (OR) superiores a 1 para el fracaso en lenguaje atribuido al esfuerzo y a la capacidad en ansiedad cognitiva, ansiedad conductual y ansiedad psicofisiológica. Los valores de la OR para el resto de las atribuciones causales examinadas fueron inferiores a 1 en las tres respuestas de ansiedad escolar. Por tanto, se concluye que al aumentar las puntuaciones en atribuciones de éxitos y fracasos en lenguaje a causas externas disminuye la probabilidad de presentar alta ansiedad cognitiva, alta ansiedad conductual y alta ansiedad psicofisiológica. Sin embargo, a medida que aumentan las puntuaciones en las variables de atribuciones causales de los fracasos a causas internas aumenta la probabilidad de presentar altos niveles en las tres respuestas de ansiedad. Estos hallazgos facilitarán el diseño de intervenciones dirigidas a cambiar el estilo atribucional de los adolescentes hacia atribuciones causales adaptativas.

In this paper we develop tools that assess the attributional processes associated with political participation. First, we performed an exploratory study using semi-structured interviews with people with different levels of political engagement. An analysis of the content of the interviews supplied the material which expert judges evaluated in order to identify various attributional statements (A.S.). Second, an instrumental study was implemented, gathering data by a survey (N = 200). A.S. thus obtained were analyzed in order to detect its factorial structure and determine its internal consistency. The developed scales showed a two-factor structure corresponding with the internality-externality dimension and the reliability was acceptable, being more reliable the one which evaluates the attributions relative to the behavior of others.

The theory of attributions becomes important insofar as it is related to motivation. From a motivational perspective, the attributions made by students are directly related to self-concept, self-esteem and learning goals. The objective of this study was to establish if there are differences between causal attributions based on sex. To carry out the study, there were 1702 students from 20 Ñuble centers in Chile, 905 children (53.2%) and 797 girls (46.8%) between the ages of 10 and 12 (M = 10.06; SD = 1.05). . The evaluation was carried out with the Sydney Attribution Scale (SAS) which measures two academic areas on which attributions are carried out (Reading and Mathematics), two hypothetical results (success and failure) and three types of causes (capacity, effort and external causes). The data were analyzed from the calculation of differences in means and p tests to determine the presence of significant statistical differences. The results showed that girls attribute their successes more to ability, effort and external causes than children, as well as that children attribute their failures more to lack of effort. From the results it can be reported that there are statistically significant differences between the attributions of boys and girls. Being girls, who by the type of attributions, are more in danger in their self-esteem and children more in their expectations.

Antecedentes: las atribuciones que los estudiantes hacen de sus resultados académicos pueden impactar en su rendimiento académico. Sin embargo, la medición de las atribuciones en este ámbito con frecuencia carece de evidencias de validez y confiabilidad. Objetivos: analizar la estructura factorial, validez convergente y confiabilidad de la adaptación para estudiantes mexicanos del Cuestionario de Estilos Atributivos Académicos (EAT-A). Método: participaron 557 estudiantes de ambos sexos, entre 15 y 19 años, de la Ciudad de México. Mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio se sometió a prueba una estructura del EATA con siete factores y otra con cuatro que no distingue las atribuciones de éxito y fracaso. Se analizó la validez convergente, la consistencia interna y la confiabilidad compuesta del instrumento. Resultados: solo la estructura con siete factores presentó ajuste adecuado, con los índices RMSEA = .046; SRMR = .053; CFI = .961; TLI = .952 y χ²/gl = 2.72. El EAT-A muestra evidencias de validez convergente con la motivación de logro y de confiabilidad. Conclusión: El EAT-A se muestra como un instrumento de medida breve y fácil aplicación que dispone de evidencias de validez y estimación de confiabilidad para examinar las atribuciones que los estudiantes hacen de sus calificaciones. Contribución de autoría AMRH: diseño del estudio, recolección de datos, análisis estadístico, redacción, discusión y revisión final del manuscrito. LHG: diseño del estudio, discusión y revisión final del manuscrito.

Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Students' attributions of their grades may affect their academic performance. However, lack of evidence supporting the validity and reliability of the instruments measuring attribution is a major concern. Objective: To analyze the factor structure, convergent validity and reliability of the Academic Attributional Style Questionnaire adapted to Mexican high school students (EAT-A). Method: The sample consisted of 557 Mexico City students of both sexes aged between 15 and 19. Using a confirmatory factor analysis for both success and failure attributions, a 7-factor structure and a 4-factor structure of the EAT-A were tested. The instrument's convergent validity, internal consistency and reliability were examined. Results: Only the 7-factor structure showed adequate fit indices: RMSEA = .046; SRMR = .053; CFI = .961; TLI = .952 and X²/gl = 2.72. In addition, the EAT-A evidenced convergent validity concerning success and reliability motivation. Conclusion: The EAT-A is a quick- and easy-to-administer instrument for measuring students' attributions of their grades in a reliable and valid manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: From Early Childhood Education onwards, causal attributions influence explanations of school performance. We performed a systematic review of the available knowledge (1970-2019) about Weiner’s (1986) Attribution Theory of the Motivation of Achievement in order to examine studies related to the causal attributions of success and failure at school. We found numerous empirical studies related to Bernard Weiner´s theory. However, little research exists about students in Early Childhood Education. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the causes to which children attribute their successes and failures during this educational period. Method: A sample of 200 students aged between 3 and 6 years old was selected. To collect the data, an individually implemented Piagetian clinical interview was used. Results: A large volume of qualitative information was collected for classification which exceeded Weiner´s traditional causal attributions. Creating a category to group all new attributions implied losing too much information under a non-specific label. Conclusion: A new categorization of the causal attributions was designed, made up of 10 categories -adapted to the 3-6 years age range-which revises and expanding on the categorization created by Weiner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the study of evidence of the validity of concurrent criterion to the Causal Attributions Assessment Scale for Basic Education (EAVAT-EF). The factors Causes for Success and Causes for Failure constitute the scale. Participated in this study 927 students (3rd to 9th grades, Mage = 11.59, SD = 1.98), mostly girls (53.9%), being 147 retained students. The results indicated the predisposition of Elementary School students to indicate the factor Causes for Success. The girls and non-repeating students scored higher on both EAVAT-EF factors. The Middle School students and the retained students by the criterion of school grade had a higher average in the factor Causes for Failure. As a discussion, we point to teaching-learning particularities between education levels, the possible impacts on causal attributions due to the interaction between the variables gender and repetition, as well as the interference of the disapproved criteria in students' attributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer las actitudes hacia la inmigración, las atribuciones causales sobre la pobreza y su relación con el autoposicionamiento ideológico en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios/as en Bilbao. Se propone analizar las relaciones entre estas variables, teniendo como hipótesis la relación positiva entre la ideología política de centroderecha y un sostenimiento mayor de atribuciones causales de tipo individuales, así como una actitud más desfavorable y restrictiva frente al colectivo migrante. Se realizaron análisis de correlaciones bivariadas, comparación de medias y análisis de regresión binaria. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la actitud ante el colectivo migrante y las atribuciones causales sobre la pobreza según la ideología política de los participantes. Las dimensiones "principios y políticas de igualdad" y "atribuciones individualistas" aparecen como las principales variables independientes que explican la ideología de los y las participantes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to compare beliefs toward mental disorders among the general population and psychologists and to analyze the differences on these beliefs between those who present biomedical vs. psychosocial causal attribution, an adapted version of the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) was administered to a sample of 166 participants. Drug use and brain biochemical imbalance were the causes most agreed upon by the general population, whereas stress and drug use were the causes most agreed upon by psychologists. Participants in the general population who adopted a biological explanation considered these problems as significantly more chronic than participants who chose psychosocial causes. Psychologists perceive these problems as significantly less chronic, less cyclical, more controllable by the individual and the treatment, more coherent, and associated with less negative emotional representation than the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(descriptivo): En este estudio nos propusimos, primeramente, conocer las nociones asociadas al origen de la desigualdad social en niños y niñas de Córdoba (Argentina) de 10 y 11 años de edad, con énfasis en la identificación de construcciones valorativas e ideológicas subyacentes y en los procesos atribucionales involucrados. A su vez, y considerando que la construcción de nociones sociales se produce en el marco de procesos de socialización política, apuntamos a determinar el impacto de una experiencia de socialización política alternativa sobre las nociones sociales mencionadas. Efectuamos un estudio cuasi-experimental con pre y post-test, y con un grupo cuasicontrol. Realizamos entrevistas cualitativas para la indagación de la variable dependiente al inicio y al final del ciclo lectivo. En función de los resultados analizamos alcances y limitaciones de dicha experiencia.

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between (1) willingness to study strategies, (2) causal attributions (to effort, ability and external causes) and (3) student's perception of self-efficacy about their ability to self-regulate their processes of willingness to study. Method: An instrument built by the researchers called Willingness to the Study Self-Regulation Questionnaire was applied to a non-probabilistic convenience sample of 695 Chilean university students from 5 universities of the Province of Concepción. Outcomes: Strong correlations were found between selfefficacy for the willingness to study self-regulation and the willingness to study strategies (r=0.54 to r =0.55). the willingness to study strategies had positive and moderate correlations (r=0.38 to r=0.42) with causal attributions for success to effort, weak correlations (r=0.15 to r=0.28) with causal attributions for success to ability and to external factors, and negative weak to moderate correlations (r=-0.19 to r =-0.38) with causal attributions for failure to effort, ability, and external factors. Conclusions: Students with high levels of willingness to study strategies show positive beliefs about their own ability to self-regulate their processes of willingness to study, they make causal attributions for their success mainly to effort, and they attribute their academic failure less and less to ability and external factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychology, Society & Education is the property of Psychology, Society & Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se describen los contenidos de los procesos atribucionales asociados al uso de la fuerza en agentes de la Policía de la Provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. Los antecedentes indican que, además de los marcos legales, existen sistemas de creencias, valores, actitudes, definiciones morales, aspectos situacionales y una cultura institucional, que operan en los policías al momento de usar la fuerza. Mediante entrevistas en profundidad a 10 agentes policiales de la Provincia de Córdoba, hallamos dimensiones atributivas externas e internas, que a su vez guardan relación con el tipo de trabajo policial según éste sea bajo órdenes o sin ellas. También identificamos relaciones entre dichas dimensiones y diferentes niveles de fuerza que se aplican. Esta investigación cobra importancia por su abordaje psicosocial que prioriza la comprensión de las dimensiones subjetivas de los agentes, evitando explicar la práctica policial únicamente como un mecanismo para el control del orden social y político.

Copyright of Revista Katharsis is the property of Institucion Universitaria de Envigado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Interamericana de Psicología is the property of Sociedad Interamericana de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se analiza la relación del desempleo con el bienestar subjetivo (BS) y el estilo atribucional en una muestra de 200 participantes (100 desempleados) equirepartidos por sexo, de 36 años de edad promedio, que completó 4 instrumentos, controlándose algunas variables socio-demográficas. Los desempleados presentan menor BS (Us≥3,607; Zs≥ -3,409; ps≤0,039) y un estilo atribucional con locus de causalidad externo, inestable y de bajo control (Us≥1332; Zs≥ -8,985; ps≤0,01). Desempleados hombres y mujeres tienen menor nivel de satisfacción vital (SV) que sus pares empleados (Mmujeres= 21,38 vs.24,66; Mhombres= 22,82 vs. 26,10; Us ≥891; Zs ≥-2,479; ps≤ 0,017), pero presentan un mismo nivel de felicidad (Us ≤1036,500; Zs ≤-1,480; ps ≥1,150), lo que genera preguntas para futuros estudios acerca de felicidad vs. SV en ámbitos de vida desfavorables. Los grupos difieren al explicarse el desempleo (χ2 (1) = 8,970; p

Este artigo analisa o contributo específico do nível educativo familiar e das atribuições causais para o bom e fraco rendimento escolar dos alunos na explicação do seu desempenho nas disciplinas de Língua Portuguesa e de Matemática numa amostra de 2.082 alunos do ensino público de 11 escolas de Portugal, incluindo as Regiões Autónomas dos Açores e da Madeira. As atribuições causais foram avaliadas por meio do Questionário das Atribuições Causais para os Resultados Escolares (QARE). O nível educativo familiar foi estimado levando em conta o nível escolar do progenitor com maior habilitação escolar. As classificações obtidas pelos alunos nas disciplinas de língua portuguesa e matemática foram também examinadas. Os resultados apontam para correlações estatisticamente significativas, destacando as atribuições na capacidade para a explicação do rendimento escolar, situação que contrasta com a atribuição dos níveis de rendimento a variáveis externas ao aluno. A análise de regressão permite associar 34,5% da variância no rendimento conjunto em Língua Portuguesa e em Matemática no ensino básico, assim como 21,3% no ensino secundário, às dimensões atribucionais e ao nível educativo familiar. Implicações educacionais são derivadas a partir dos achados.Este artículo analiza la contribución específica del nivel educativo familiar y de las atribuciones causales para el buen y el flaco rendimiento escolar de los alumnos en la explicación de su desempeño en las disciplinas de Lengua Portuguesa y Matemáticas en una muestra de 2.082 alumnos de enseñanza pública de 11 escuelas de Portugal, incluyendo las Regiones Autónomas de Açores y Madeira. Las atribuciones causales fueron evaluadas por medio del "Questionário das Atribuições Causais para os Resultados Escolares" (QARE). El nivel educativo familiar fue estimado teniendo en cuenta el nivel escolar del progenitor con mayor habilitación escolar. Las clasificaciones obtenidas por los alumnos en las disciplinas de lengua portuguesa y matemáticas fueron también examinadas. Los resultados señalaron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas, destacando las atribuciones en la capacidad para la explicación del rendimiento escolar, situación que contrasta con la atribución de los niveles de rendimiento a variables externas al alumno. El análisis de regresión permite asociar 34.5% de la variancia en el rendimiento conjunto de la Lengua Portuguesa y las Matemáticas en la enseñanza básica, así como 21.3% en la enseñanza secundaria, a las dimensiones de atribución y al nivel educativo familiar. Implicaciones educacionales son derivadas a partir de los hallazgos.This paper analyzes the contribution of both family educational level and causal attributions in explaining students´ academic performance in Mathematics and Portuguese Language in a sample of 2.082 public school students from mainland Portugal and the Azores and Madeira regions. Causal attributions were assessed by the Causal Attributions Questionnaire for School Results (QARE). The family educational level was estimated taking into account the educational level of the parent with higher academic degree. The academic grades obtained by students in mathematics and portuguese language were also considered. The results show statistically significant correlations between variables. Internal causal attributions such as capacity and study methods were predominant to explain school performance in the sample and stood out in contrast to external attributions explanations. Regression analyses revealed that 34.5% of the variance in the combined achievement on Portuguese Language and Mathematics in primary education and 21.3% in secondary education could be explained by both the attributional dimensions and family education level. Some educational implications are present taking these data.

Teniendo como referencia el modelo atribucional de la motivación y emoción de Weiner (1979,1986), se pretenden evaluar las atribuciones causales en situaciones de éxito y fracaso deportivo. La muestra es de 338 atletas, con edades comprendidas entre 16 y 38 años (M = 23,73; DS = 5,86), participantes en competiciones federadas del deporte portugués, en las modalidades olímpicas de Fútbol (n =192), Atletismo (n =100) y Esgrima (n = 46). En la evaluación de las atribuciones causales se utilizó la Causal Dimensión Scale II (CDSII: McAuley, Duncan y Russell, 1992) en una versión traducida y adaptada para la población portuguesa por Fonseca (1993b). Los datos evidenciaron que los atletas, en general, consideran que sus éxitos se deben a causas internas, menos inestables y pasibles de control personal, mientras se desvinculan de una manera pronunciada de sus malos resultados deportivos al atribuir las causas a factores menos internos, más inestables y pasibles de control por parte de otras personas.

This research was the following objectives: a) Identify the academic stressors present in the master’s students and b) Establish the causal attributions explain the appearance of academic stressors in students of expertise. To achieve these objectives court conducted a qualitative research through case study method. The technique for collecting information was the narrative and applied to a group of 15 master’s students. The results confirm that the students master centrally identified four types of stressors attributional two reasons: uncertainty and the negative evaluation of their capabilities.

To talk on handicap or even social exclusion of women in public affairs implies to regard that they are not able to carry on some tasks. Sometimes, women are regarded as handicapped for some works. This can be clearly seen in the percentage of women in highest level post, the kind of organizations more resultant to incorporate women or the kind of tasks carried on by women on high level posts. In this work we consider the clichés and causal attributions as psychosocial variables that difficult women can be seen as fully able for leadership.

Self-regulation of learning is the process by which a student monitors and guides his own learning. Therefore, taking into account its great importance for the quality of learning, the present study aims to investigating two variables related to self-regulation: causal attributions and use of self-handicapping strategies. The sample consisted of 164 participants, of both sexes, with age range varying from 18 to 48 years old, enrolled in the second and fourth year of Pedagogy at Brazilian public universities. Data collection was carried out by means of two self-reported Likert scales. Results indicated that students who attribute failure to internal causes and success to external ones were those who reported using self-handicapping strategies more frequently. Data is discussed in terms of the need of analyzing the college student's attributional beliefs and their strategic behavior in learning situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between attributions of academic success and failure in Language and Maths, and School Anxiety in Chilean high school students. It involved 1314 students from 15 secondary educational institutions, of Ñuble's province in Chile, whose age range was from 13 to 17 years (M=15.55, SD=1.32). School Anxiety was assessed with the School Anxiety Inventory (SAI), and causal attributions with the Sydney Attribution Scale (SAS). Results showed that students who attributed less their successes and failures to external causes in Language had higher means in school anxiety. On the other hand, subjects who had higher school anxiety attributed their success due to less ability in Maths and their failures to the lack of ability in Maths and Language. Finally, students who attributed their success due to effort in Language showed higher means in school anxiety. We conclude that the data support previous findings and warn about the need to manage these issues in school processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this paper were to analyze the causal attributions for school success and failure and the resilience of elementary school students, as well to examine relationships between these constructs in the sample. The sample consisted of 275 students from 5th to 9Th grades of both genders from a public school of a city in the countryside of the state of Minas Gerais. Data was collected using two likert type scales and analyzed according to the procedures of descriptive and inferential statistics procedures. Students attributed school achievement to internal and controllable causes for both success and failure situations, as well as reported the main characteristics of resilience. Positive and strong significant correlations were found between causal attribution and resilience. Results are discussed in terms of their educational implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]