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Purpose This study aims to map and assess the conceptual development of the innovation ecosystem literature. Design/methodology/approach A bibliometric analysis was performed using the VOSviewer, RStudio software, Bibliometrix and Biblioshiny packages. To accomplish this, 367 publications published between 2006 and 2020 and indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases were assessed. Findings The results demonstrate a rise in research during 2016, with almost 30% of publications concentrated in only six journals. The co-citation analysis presented four clusters: case studies, business and innovation ecosystems (platform approach), open innovation and national and regional innovation systems (territorial approach). We proposed a theoretical framework based on two approaches in the innovation ecosystem literature based on co-citation analysis: platform, which has its roots in the literature on strategy, and territory, grounded in research on economic geography literature. Research limitations/implications One of the limitations of the study is that only articles published in journals were analyzed, leaving out of the sample those published in congresses, books and other sources. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature by presenting and clarifying the different conceptual trajectories of research in innovation ecosystems. We also proposed an analytical framework based on the two main approaches to innovation ecosystems – platform and territory. This framework presents the critical elements of managing innovation ecosystems from both perspectives.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between family succession, professionalization and internationalization in family businesses within the Brazilian context.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a multiple-case study method with three Brazilian family businesses that have at least two generations of the owning family involved in the business and an international presence of at least three years. In-depth interviews and secondary data were undertaken with family and non-family members of each case.FindingsThe authors' results show that a family business can boost its internationalization by introducing both succession planning and professionalization on international activities. As family members tend to be more risk-averse and focused on keeping the family business within the family, professionalization is a way of improving the firm's ability to expand internationally. This process tends to lead to lower performance by the firm for the first few months or the first year after the investment, but afterward, international performance tends to grow exponentially.Originality/valueOnly a few studies have been concerned on the relationship of these three dimensions. Thus, the research takes into account that professionalization and succession lead family businesses to improve their internationalization strategies.

Within the cluster literature, few studies have analyzed the potential dangers of regional economic overspecialization. The lock-in effect is frequently mentioned to describe the decline of a clust...

PurposeInnovation ecosystems can emerge and grow organically, but the process can also be managed through conscious intervention. Therefore, this study observes different motivations and expectations for each group of actors. The lack of alignment between actors could have a negative influence on the development of innovation ecosystems. This study aims to analyze the coordination strategies of the actors throughout the life cycle of innovation ecosystems.Design/methodology/approachThis study develops and proposes a model for coordinating innovation ecosystems based on the theoretical backgrounds of the ecosystem life cycle and ecosystem coordination.FindingsThis study argues that each stage of an innovation ecosystem’s life cycle – inception, launching, growth and maturity – demands different coordination strategies. Initially, networks are simpler and thus the coordination issues are less difficult. However, as the ecosystem evolves and the complexity of the networks increases, a more sophisticated strategy, such as orchestration or choreography, is needed.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a theoretical study that recommends further research to test this model.Practical implicationsThe understanding of coordination and stages of the life cycle of an innovation ecosystem can guide actors in the design of strategies for developing of ecosystems.Social implicationsThe proposed framework could support strategies to engage civil society in actions to develop innovation ecosystems.Originality/valueThis study presents a framework to understand the coordination strategies better, considering the stages of an innovation ecosystem’s life cycle.

Purpose: This article investigates and classifies firm resources for the internationalization of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) from emerging countries. Originality/value: SMEs from emerging countries in global markets evidence their more restricted access to resources for internationalization. The mainstream international business literature classifies firm’s resources identified in large companies from developed economies. This research classifies firms’ internationalization resources located in different emerging countries based on a systematic literature review (SLR) and interviews. This paper contributes to the theoretical development about the internationalization of SMEs from emerging countries, indicating the importance of organizational resources in this process. Design/methodology/approach: This paper presents an exploratory research developed in two stages: a SLR on emerging countries and interviews with experts, institutions, and SMEs about the Brazilian context. Bibliographic research and an interview with semi-structured script were adopted as data collection techniques. Interviews were analyzed with NVivo software using content analysis technique and providing categorization of resources. Findings: Up to 2016, 15 works mentioned resources for the internationalization of SMEs from emerging countries and seven were done in Asia. We identified 72 resources in ten emerging countries. Organizational resources predominate. The use of financial resources in Brazil contradicts the trend in other emerging countries. More tangible resources seem less strategic for SMEs’ internationalization from emerging countries when compared to more intangible resources, as organizational ones. RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar e classificar recursos para internacionalização de pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs) de países emergentes. Originalidade/valor: A participação de PMEs de países emergentes em mercados globais evidencia seu acesso mais restrito aos recursos para internacionalização. A literatura dominante de negócios internacionais segue classificações de recursos identificados em grandes empresas de economias desenvolvidas. Esta pesquisa classifica recursos da firma para internacionalização de PMEs baseada em diferentes países emergentes, com dados de revisão sistemática de literatura (RSL) e entrevistas. O artigo contribui para o desenvolvimento teórico sobre a internacionalização de PMEs de países emergentes, indicando a importância dos recursos organizacionais nesse processo. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida em duas etapas: RSL, abrangendo diferentes países emergentes, seguida de entrevistas com especialistas, instituições e PMEs no contexto brasileiro. Adotaram-se técnicas de coleta de dados de pesquisa bibliográfica e entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado. A análise das entrevistas baseou-se em técnica de análise de conteúdo e categorização dos recursos, com o software NVivo. Resultados: Até 2016, 15 trabalhos mencionaram recursos para internacionalização de PMEs de países emergentes e sete foram feitos na Ásia. Identificaram-se 72 recursos em dez países emergentes. Predominam recursos organizacionais. O uso de recursos financeiros de terceiros no Brasil contradiz tendências em outros países emergentes. Recursos tangíveis parecem ter menor importância estratégica para a internacionalização do que recursos intangíveis, como os organizacionais.

The paper explores the discursive formation of supra-organizational collective identities. Adopting a field-level approach, we expound how the meaning-making activity on collective identities is embedded in a broader discourse and is in turn articulated on a number of different dimensions. Additionally, we analyze how different field actors have a specific role in structuring each of these dimensions. Empirically, the paper is built upon textual data regarding the Brazilian wine-making cluster of the “Serra Gaúcha” region that offers a convenient setting to explore the formation of a collective identity, which is there perceived as a hot issue at stake by different field actors. Our main contribution is that the collective identity of fields and industries can emerge as the result of a distributed discourse, and not just as an interplay between identity promoters (internal field actors) and identity validators (external audiences). In this more complex discursive interplay between multiple actors, professional associations may assume a pivotal role thanks to their interest in boundary demarcation that results in efforts to formalize the collective identity.

Addressing a recent demand for multilevel research on Open Innovation (OI), this paper explores why and how firms open their innovation process by analyzing different drivers who are active at different levels and their interactions. We adopt a mechanisms-based approach for explaining how different factors at the micro, meso and macro levels interact to transform a closed innovation process in an open one. We ground our analysis on a mechanism-based model of absorptive capacity that recognizes the individual and the organizational nature of absorptive capacity identifying key mechanisms that determine the firms’ capacity to the recognition, to the assimilation and to the application of external knowledge. We appreciate how absorptive capacity interacts with drivers at the macrolevel and mesolevel and how these interactions jointly contribute to enabling firms’ opening to the use of external knowledge. We empirically investigate firms located in a leading Brazilian wine cluster where a professional community (as a mesolevel driver) was operating. These firms were able to overcome major environmental jolts (as a macrolevel driver) that threatened their sustainability and survival by redefining their business model and opening the innovation process. We build a dynamic model that can explain how firms access, assimilate and combine external knowledge when multiple drivers are in action. Our model suggests that macroenvironment changes and professional communities might play a complementary role in opening the innovation process, with different impacts on the direction or the OI process. The model shows the necessary and not sufficient role of macroenvironment changes for opening the innovation process and the transformational effect of individual actions on higher-level drivers.

The paper explores the discursive formation of supra-organizational collective identities. Adopting a field-level approach, we expound how the meaning-making activity on collective identities is embedded in a broader discourse and is in turn articulated on a number of different dimensions. Additionally, we analyze how different field actors have a specific role in structuring each of these dimensions. Empirically, the paper is built upon textual data regarding the Brazilian wine-making cluster of the “Serra Gaúcha” region that offers a convenient setting to explore the formation of a collective identity, which is there perceived as a hot issue at stake by different field actors. Our main contribution is that the collective identity of fields and industries can emerge as the result of a distributed discourse, and not just as an interplay between identity promoters (internal field actors) and identity validators (external audiences). In this more complex discursive interplay between multiple actors, professional associations may assume a pivotal role thanks to their interest in boundary demarcation that results in efforts to formalize the collective identity.

Circular Economy (CE) has emerged as a potential strategy for developing business practices based on sustainability concerns, especially in the fashion industry, which presents high environmental and social impacts. Startups are responsible for introducing innovations in business conduction toward CE. As a current theme, research on Business Model Innovation for Circular Economy (BMI4CE) has increased. However, empirical research in the fashion industry and startups is still scarce. This paper aimed to identify the key elements of startups' BMI4CEs, using the fashion industry as the context of the study. We conducted an exploratory and descriptive multiple case study composed of ten early-stage fashion startups from Europe, North America, and Asia. The findings suggest that environmental and economic sustainability dimensions receive priority in the analyzed BMI4CEs. On business type, we found differences between product-based and service-based Business Models (BMs). The Business Models Innovations (BMIs) were based mainly on CE principles of closed-loop and reducing material use and consumption. BMs focus on CE strategies of product reuse and extend resource time by lowering consumption and material use. Findings also demonstrate the role of emerging and digital technologies (e.g., blockchain and artificial intelligence) for BMI4CEs effectiveness. We developed five propositions and a theoretical framework from a triple bottom line perspective. This research highlights new theoretical perspectives under an investigation area still little explored in the literature. Results enable fashion startup managers to understand better the functioning of BMI4CEs and the critical elements needed for their effectiveness.

Purpose – This paper aims to explore innovation in geographic business networks and to propose a model of innovation capability of cluster. The premise is that innovation is a necessity for firms and relations inter firms is an alternative for it to occur. Among these relationships, clusters stand out, with studies showing that firms in clusters tend to be more innovative. Design/methodology/approach–This, we conducted an exploratory research with two clusters: emerging cluster of Alto do Camaquã, in Brazil and growing cluster of Sisteron, in France.The cases were analyzed from elements previously established in the literature: context, collective strategy, public policy, commercialization, pro-activity, external relations, transmission collaboration, assimilation, transformation and application of knowledge, governance, infrastructure, financial resources and human resources. Findings– We arrived to a model of cluster innovation capability, composed by the strategic management, relationships and learning, technological and marketing development and operational management. Originality/value–The proposed model is a dinamic model as capabilities vary in their intensities according to the development stage of the cluster and its maturity time. Objetivo – O presente artigo tem como objetivo explorar a inovação em redes geográficas de negócios e propor um modelo de capacidade de inovação dos clusters. A premissa é que a inovação é uma necessidade para as empresas e as relações entre elas são uma alternativa para que ela ocorra. Entre essas relações, destacam-se os clusters, com estudos mostrando que as empresas em clusters tendem a ser mais inovadoras. Metodologia – Dessa forma, realizamos uma pesquisa exploratória com dois clusters: cluster emergente do Alto Camaquã, no Brasil, e cluster em crescimento de Sisteron, na França. Os casos foram analisados a partir de elementos previamente estabelecidos na literatura: contexto, estratégia coletiva, políticas públicas, comercialização, proatividade, relações externas, colaboração de transmissão, assimilação, transformação e aplicação de conhecimento, governança, infraestrutura, recursos financeiros e recursos humanos. Resultados – Chegamos a um modelo de capacidade de inovação do cluster, composto pela gestão estratégica, relacionamento e aprendizado, desenvolvimento tecnológico e mercadológico e gestão operacional. Contribuições – O modelo proposto é dinâmico, pois as capacidades variam em intensidade de acordo com o estágio de desenvolvimento do cluster e seu tempo de maturação. Objetivo – O presente artigo tem como objetivo explorar a inovação em redes geográficas de negócios e propor um modelo de capacidade de inovação dos clusters. A premissa é que a inovação é uma necessidade para as empresas e as relações entre elas são uma alternativa para que ela ocorra. Entre essas relações, destacam-se os clusters, com estudos mostrando que as empresas em clusters tendem a ser mais inovadoras. Metodologia – Dessa forma, realizamos uma pesquisa exploratória com dois clusters: cluster emergente do Alto Camaquã, no Brasil, e cluster em crescimento de Sisteron, na França. Os casos foram analisados a partir de elementos previamente estabelecidos na literatura: contexto, estratégia coletiva, políticas públicas, comercialização, proatividade, relações externas, colaboração de transmissão, assimilação, transformação e aplicação de conhecimento, governança, infraestrutura, recursos financeiros e recursos humanos. Resultados – Chegamos a um modelo de capacidade de inovação do cluster, composto pela gestão estratégica, relacionamento e aprendizado, desenvolvimento tecnológico e mercadológico e gestão operacional. Contribuições – O modelo proposto é dinâmico, pois as capacidades variam em intensidade de acordo com o estágio de desenvolvimento do cluster e seu tempo de maturação.

Purpose This paper investigates the roles and activities of the orchestrators of innovation networks constituted within cities. In this sense, the authors expected to contribute for research related to the roles and activities of the orchestrators of innovation networks constituted in the scope of cities given the large number and diversity of complex and multiple dimensions social actors (Castells & Borja, 1996; Reypens, Lievens & Blazevic, 2019). Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted an exploratory research with a single case study in depth. The case chosen for the paper is the case of Pacto Alegre. The case selection criterion was the relevance of the Pacto Alegre Case in the construction of an innovation network in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The Pacto Alegre network was proposed by the Alliance for Innovation (composed of the three main Universities in the city: UFRGS, PUCRS and UNISINOS) and by the Municipality of Porto Alegre. In addition to these actors, the network counts on financial and development institutions as sponsors, with media partners, with design partners, with an advisory board (composed of five professionals considered references in different themes) and composed by more than 100 companies, associations and institutions from different areas (Pacto Alegre, 2019). Data were collected from 09/20/2020 to 11/30/2020 through in-depth interviews, documentary research and non-participant observation. Findings In this research, the authors highlighted the city as a community that involves and integrates various actors, such as citizens and companies, to collaborative innovation activities. For this, they proposed a framework on innovation networks and network orchestration. In this direction, seven dimensions of the “orchestration of innovation networks” were assumed as a result of the combination of previous studies by Dhanaraj and Parke (2006), Hurmelinna-Laukkanen et al. (2011) and da Silva and Bitencourt (2019). In the sequence, different roles of orchestrators associated with the literature were adopted based on the work by Pikkarainen et al. (2017) and Nielsen and Gausdal (2017). Research limitations/implications The authors’ results advance in relation to other fields by promoting the expansion of the “orchestration of innovation networks” model with the combination of distinct elements from the literature in a coherent whole (agenda setting, mobilization, network stabilization, creation and transfer of knowledge, innovation appropriability, coordination and co-creation) and in the validation of its applicability in the context of the innovation network studied. In addition, when relating different roles of orchestrators to the seven dimensions studied, it was realized that there is no linear and objective relationship between the dimensions and roles of the orchestrator, as in each dimension there may be more than one role being played in the orchestration. Practical implications Therefore, the findings suggest two theoretical contributions. First, the authors identified a role not discussed in the literature, here called the communicator. In the case analysis, the authors observed the communicator role through functions performed by a media partner of the innovation network and by a group of civil society engaged in the city's causes. Second, the authors indicated a new dimension of orchestration related to the management of communication in the innovation network and its externalities such as p. ex. civil and organized society, characteristic of an innovation network set up within a city. Originality/value Although several studies have proposed advances in the understanding of the orchestration of innovation networks (Dhanaraj & Parkhe, 2006; Ritala, Armila & Blomqvist, 2009; Nambisan & Sawhney, 2011; Hurmelinna-Laukkanen et al., 2011), the discussion on the topic is still a black box (Nilsen & Gausdal, 2017). More specifically, the authors identified a gap in the literature about the role and activities of actors in the city level. Few studies connected the regional dimension with the roles and activities of the orchestrators (Hurmelinna-Laukkanen et al., 2011; Pikkarainen et al., 2017), raising several challenges and opportunities to be considered by academics and managers.

espanolLos efectos economicos de las politicas de aislamiento de la pandemia de COVID-19 han llevado a las pequenas y medianas empresas (PYMEs) a buscar alternativas para sobrevivir. En un escenario de crisis, una universidad comprometida desempena un papel importante para abordar, no solo los problemas de salud, sino tambien los problemas sociales y economicos en un contexto regional. En este articulo, se analiza un proyecto universidad-comunidad con la intencion de senalar los elementos necesarios para promover una universidad regional comprometida: la Red de Asesoramiento SOS-PME, originalmente disenado para apoyar a las PYMEs durante la crisis. Una universidad comprometida necesita llevar adelante acciones mas alla de sus misiones tradicionales de educacion e investigacion; debe transferir conocimiento a la sociedad. Como resultado, identificamos cuales son los elementos necesarios para promover la tercera mision de una universidad con compromiso social: equipo comprometido, gestion de proyectos, agilidad, alianzas, multidisciplinariedad, estrategia de comunicacion y apoyo, y reputacion de la institucion. EnglishThe economic effects of isolation policies resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic have led small andmedium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to look for alternatives to survive. Within this crisis scenario, an engaged university has an important role to play in a regional context in addressing not only health issues, but also any resultant social and economic problems. An engaged university needs to take actions that go beyond its traditional missions of education and research - it has to deliver knowledge to society. This paper analyzes a university-community project in Brazil to identify the necessary elements that help promote a regionally-engaged university: the SOS-PME Advisory Network project, which was originally designed to assist SMEsduring the crisis. As a result, we identified elements necessary for promoting the university’s third mission - social engagement by way of a university-community project: an engaged team, multidisciplinarity, project management, agility, alliances, a communication strategy, institutional support, and reputation. portuguesEfeitos economicos das politicas de isolamento da pandemia da Covid-19 levaram pequenas e mediasempresas (PMEs) a buscar alternativas para sobreviver. Em cenarios de crise, uma universidade engajada tem um papel importante ao abordar nao apenas questoes de saude, mas tambem problemassociais e economicos em contextos regionais. Neste artigo, um projeto de universidade-comunidade eanalisado com o intuito de apontar os elementos necessarios para promover uma universidade regional engajada: a Rede de Assessoria SOS-PME, originalmente projetada para apoiar PMEs durante a crise. Uma universidade engajada entrega conhecimento para a sociedade, alem de educacao e pesquisa. Como resultado, identificam-se elementos para promover a terceira missao da universidade engajada – engajamento social: equipe engajada, multidisciplinaridade, gerenciamento de projetos, agilidade,aliancas, estrategia de comunicacao, e suporte e reputacao da instituicao.

The innovation process and the generation of sustainable competitive advantage are permanently on the agenda in technology management. According to Teece (2007), one way to achieve a competitive advantage is to develop dynamic capabilities, a process in which the author identifies three moments: i) to perceive and shape opportunities and threats (sensing), ii) to grasp the opportunities (seizing), iii) to increase, to combine, to secure and, when necessary, to reconfigure the tangible and intangible assets. The aim of this paper is to investigate how the strategic internal changes were introduced to influence on developing the innovation capability in order to sustain and expand the competitive advantages of the firm. To do so, a case study was carried out in a firm that work within the furniture sector more than 30 years and took decision to increase its competitive advantage by investing in product design, what created conditions for the development of new capabilities. Interviews were conducted using questions that allowed the respondents to freely express their experiences and perceptions about the changes that have occurred in their sectors as a result of this process and was possible to identify the intensity of reconfigurations in capabilities that resulted from the creation of the Design Center.

Most studies on innovation capability analyze the firm level. Little efforts have been made to understand the interactions that take place in inter-organizational agglomerations and the capabilities that such arrangements retain. This study aims to develop a theoretical framework of cluster innovation capability. The academic production about innovation capability of clusters in the business field from 2005 to 2014 was analyzed and the databases consulted were: EBSCO, SCOPUS, and Web of Knowledge.311 items were cataloged, 144 were available in full text, and among those 18 papers were selected. The cluster innovation capability was structured based on a theoretical framework through qualitative content analysis. Thus, acquisition capability, diffusing capability, and knowledge management capability are the main capabilities that constitute the cluster innovation capability.

O presente artigo tecnológico tem como finalidade propor uma metodologia para gestão da inovação que objetiva atender às necessidades de micro e pequenas empresas de base tecnológica. O desenvolvimento dessa metodologia ocorre no âmbito do programa da Financiadora Nacional do Projetos (FINEP) para a estruturação de Núcleos de Apoio à Gestão da Inovação (Nagis), visando à elaboração de Planos e Projetos de Gestão da Inovação nas empresas brasileiras. Para o desenvolvimento da presente proposta, foi realizada uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa desenvolvida em duas etapas principais. Na primeira fase, desenvolveu-se uma revisão da literatura dos principais elementos para gestão da inovação, especialmente no contexto das micro e pequenas empresas. Na segunda, foram selecionados cinco NAGIs, dentre os 24 aprovados na chamada pública MCTI/FINEP, de acordo com sua trajetória desenvolvida até o momento da pesquisa, em janeiro de 2014. A metodologia proposta – Rota da Inovação – parte da Visão Baseada nos Recursos (VBR), com uma perspectiva processual e lúdica, relacionando o processo de inovação a uma rota de navegação. A lógica das ilhas na Rota da Inovação tem como base as etapas do processo de inovação. O objetivo dessa abordagem foi tornar a metodologia de fácil compreensão e implementação pelas micro e pequenas empresas. The aim of this paper is to propose a methodology for innovation management, which aims to focus on the needs of micro and small technology-based companies. The development of this methodology occurs in the context of the Brazilian National Project Financier (Financiadora de Estudo e Projetos [FINEP]) program for the structuring of Innovation Management Support Centers (Núcleos de Apoio à Gestão da Inovação [NAGI]), focusing on the elaboration of Innovation Management Plans and Projects in Brazilian companies. A qualitative research was developed in two main stages for the development of the present methodology. The first phase developed a literature review of the main elements for innovation management, especially in the context of micro and small enterprises. In the second phase, five NAGIs were selected from the 24 those approved by MCTIC (now MCTIC: Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication) and FINEP, according to their trajectory up until the time of the research in January 2014. The proposed methodology - Route of Innovation – is based on the Resource Based View (RBV) within a procedural and playful perspective that relates the innovation process to navigating a route. The logic of the islands in the Route of Innovation is based on the stages of the innovation process. The purpose of this approach was to make the methodology easily understood and implemented by micro and small companies.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of intellectual capital on a firm’s absorptive capacity (ACAP), and of ACAP on product innovation. The authors argue that intellectual capital and other sets of intangible assets are mobilized by firms through dynamic capabilities such as ACAP. Product innovation is one of the results of this process. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative study was conducted, including 500 firms of different sizes, industries and technological intensities located in southern Brazil. The validity of constructs and the theoretical model were confirmed by structural equation modeling. Findings The authors found that intellectual capital does influence ACAP, albeit differently on each of ACAP’s dimensions. Acquisition, assimilation and exploitation of knowledge are more decisively influenced by structural capital, followed by human capital. The ability of transformation of knowledge is evenly influenced by structural and human capital, and more moderately so by social capital. The results also showed that ACAP influences product innovation, but each of its dimensions demonstrated a different impact. Practical implications This study helps practitioners to identify the development of a firm’s intangible resources and its influences on product innovation. This characterization can serve as a benchmark for managers or private and public companies to define strategies and policies to stimulate innovation. Originality/value Few studies present a theoretical discussion about the relationship between a firm’s resources and ACAP’s dimensions in broad empirical contexts or in emerging countries.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre fluxo de conhecimento, o lock-in e o estágio do ciclo de vida de um cluster. Para tanto, o Cluster Calçadista do Vale dos Sinos-Paranhana no Rio Grande do Sul foi escolhido como objeto de estudo. Os resultados apontam que o cluster é pouco colaborativo e inovativo. O cluster ainda é reconhecido como um grande produtor de calçados, mas a própria identidade das pessoas com o cluster está se perdendo. A cultura local não promove a difusão do conhecimento, uma vez que as empresas são fechadas. Esta pesquisa contribui com a compreensão de como os clusters se desenvolvem, para tanto, o fluxo de conhecimento terá um papel central na renovação do cluster. Como implicação prática, a consciência das dificuldades e dos mecanismos necessários para renovar um cluster são importantes para que seja possível trabalhar as políticas setoriais e de cluster. Como contribuição teórica, o estudo reforça que a falta de novos conhecimentos influencia o aprisionamento, o qual é decorrente da dependência de trajetória, levando-o ao declínio. This paper aims at analyzing the stages of the lifecycle of clusters, based on four dimensions: diffusion of knowledge in the cluster, competitive advantage, structure of cluster and policies for clusters. For that, the Footwear Cluster of Vale dos SinosParanhana in Rio Grande do Sul was chosen as a study object. The results point out that the cluster is little collaborative and little innovative. The cluster is still recognized as a great footwear producer, but the own identity of the people with the cluster is being lost. The local culture does not promote the diffusion of knowledge due the companies are closed. This research contributes with the comprehension of how the clusters develop, for this purpose, the flow of knowledge will have a central role in the renewal of the cluster. As a practical implication, the awareness of the difficulties and the necessary mechanisms to renovate a cluster are important so that it is possible to work on sectoral policies and of cluster. As theoretical contribution, the study reinforces that the lack of new knowledge influences the imprisonment, resulting from its dependent trajectory, leading it to the decline.

The aim of this study is to analyze interactions among government, universities and enterprises, components of Triple helix model, considering the implementation process of governmental program to foster innovation in Brazil. To do so, we conducted a qualitative exploratory research within five Centers of Support for Innovation Management (Nucleos de Apoio a Gestao de Inovacao – Nagis), which are projects financed through support from federal government, in order to encourage innovation in enterprises of the country. We analized trajectory of these Nagis, their methodology and their difficulties during implantation of each center. The source of data was documents and interviews with Nagis’s managers, using a script about the operationalization of project (structure, methodology of innovation management and the experiency with this methodology). Then, we analized the role of the relationship of the component in the Triple Helix model and the development of Nagis. As a main conclusion, we identified that synergy between government, university and industry spheres is limited, which does not allow more relevant advances of this program. The evidences indicate a need to restructure the role of each "helix" aiming at changes in bilateral relations. Companies need to be sensitized more emphatically about the importance of innovation and to adopt a more proactive strategy. We recommend to academy adopts a more entrepreneurial stance and the government should take a position not only as a financier, but coordinatior and facilitator of innovative activities.

Purpose: Research about how creative economy grew considerably in last years, mainly by the increase of representation that this sector has in the global economy. It is believed that creative economy's organizations have some characteristics that differentiate them for the traditional areas where creativity is relevant in the innovation process. Thus, this paper aims to analyse the process of innovation in the creative economy organizations. Originality/gap/relevance/implications: Due to still early literature in the Brazilian context, we expect to contribute to it in the business studies field. Key methodological aspects: We conducted an exploratory qualitative research study on four micro enterprises that are part of the creative industries. The theoretical approach was about innovation in creative organizations, so as it was possible to realize an analysis of innovation in the investigated business from three categories identified in the literature: organization, technology options and customers. Summary of key results: It was found that these organizations have some characteristics that differ from traditional sectors of the economy, both in the type of innovation and in the way the innovation process is managed. However, it is questionable whether the flexibility that both aids in the flow of ideas and information would be a reality in larger companies. Key considerations/conclusions: As contributions, this article raised a reflection on creativity and innovation in this segment and also on innovation in creative microenterprises. RESUMO Objetivo: As pesquisas relacionadas à economia criativa vêm aumentando consideravelmente nos últimos anos, principalmente pelo aumento de sua representatividade na economia global. Acredita-se que as organizações da economia criativa possuem características organizacionais diversas dos setores econômicos tradicionais, em que a criatividade é relevante no processo de inovação. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a inovação em organizações da economia criativa. Originalidade/lacuna/relevância/implicações: A literatura brasileira sobre inovação em negócios criativos ainda é incipiente, assim, espera-se contribuir para os estudos de administração. Principais aspectos metodológicos: Pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, abrangendo quatro microempresas do segmento de economia criativa. A abordagem teórica foi sobre inovação em organizações criativas e a análise sobre a inovação nas empresas investigadas foi realizada a partir de três categorias identificadas na literatura: organização, opções tecnológicas e clientes. Síntese dos principais resultados: Foram constatadas algumas características diversas dos segmentos tradicionais da economia, tanto no tipo de inovação quanto na forma como a inovação é gerenciada. Entretanto, é questionável se a flexibilidade que tanto auxilia no fluxo de ideias e informações seria uma realidade em empresas de maior porte. Principais considerações/conclusões: Como contribuições, este artigo levantou uma reflexão sobre criatividade e inovação neste segmento e também sobre a inovação em microempresas criativas. RESUMEN Objetivo: Investigaciones relacionadas con economía creativa se han incrementado considerablemente en los últimos años, fundamentalmente por su mayor representación en la economía global. Se cree que las organizaciones de economía creativa tienen diferentes características organizativas de los sectores tradicionales donde la creatividad es importante en el proceso de innovación. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la innovación en organizaciones de economía creativa. Originalidad/laguna/relevancia/implicaciones: La literatura brasileña de innovación en los negocios creativa es incipiente, por lo tanto, se espera contribuir en el ámbito de estudios de administración. Principales aspectos metodológicos: Investigación cualitativa exploratoria mediante un estudio con cuatro microempresas que son parte de las industrias creativas. El enfoque teórico utilizado fue de la innovación en las organizaciones creativas y el análisis de la innovación en las empresas investigadas se llevó a cabo a partir de tres categorías identificadas en la literatura: organización, opciones tecnológicas y clientes. Síntesis de los principales resultados: Se encontró que estas organizaciones tienen algunas características que difieren de los sectores tradicionales de la economía, tanto a nivel de innovación, como en la forma en el que el proceso de innovación se gestiona. Obstante, es cuestionable si la flexibilidad que tanto ayuda en la circulación de las ideas y la información sería una realidad en las empresas más grandes. Principales consideraciones/conclusiones: Como contribuciones, este artículo alzó una reflexión sobre la creatividad y la innovación en este segmento y también de la innovación en microempresas creativas.

Purpose: Research about how creative economy grew considerably in last years, mainly by the increase of representation that this sector has in the global economy. It is believed that creative economy’s organizations have some characteristics that differentiate them for the traditional areas where creativity is relevant in the innovation process. Thus, this paper aims to analyse the process of innovation in the creative economy organizations. Originality/gap/relevance/implications: Due to still early literature in the Brazilian context, we expect to contribute to it in the business studies field. Key methodological aspects: We conducted an exploratory qualitative research study on four micro enterprises that are part of the creative industries. The theoretical approach was about innovation in creative organizations, so as it was possible to realize an analysis of innovation in the investigated business from three categories identified in the literature: organization, technology options and customers. Summary of key results: It was found that these organizations have some characteristics that differ from traditional sectors of the economy, both in the type of innovation and in the way the innovation process is managed. However, it is questionable whether the flexibility that both aids in the flow of ideas and information would be a reality in larger companies. Key considerations/conclusions: As contributions, this article raised a reflection on creativity and innovation in this segment and also on innovation in creative microenterprises. Objetivo: As pesquisas relacionadas a Economia Criativa vêm aumentando consideravelmente nos últimos anos, principalmente pelo aumento de sua representatividade na economia global. Acredita-se que as organizações da economia criativa possuem características organizacionais diversas dos setores econômicos tradicionais, em que a criatividade é relevante no processo de inovação. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a inovação em organizações da economia criativa. Originalidade/Lacuna/Relevância/Implicações: A literatura brasileira sobre inovação em negócios criativos ainda é incipiente, assim, espera-se contribuir para os estudos de administração. Principais aspectos metodológicos: Pesquisa qualitativa exploratória abrangendo quatro microempresas do segmento de economia criativa. A abordagem teórica foi sobre inovação em organizações criativas e a análise sobre a inovação nas empresas investigadas foi realizada a partir de três categorias identificadas na literatura: organização, opções tecnológicas e clientes. Síntese dos principais resultados: Constatou-se algumas características diversas dos segmentos tradicionais da economia, tanto no tipo de inovação, quanto na forma como a inovação é gerenciada. Entretanto, é questionável se a flexibilidade que tanto auxilia no fluxo de ideias e informações seria uma realidade em empresas de maior porte. Principais considerações/conclusões: Como contribuições, este artigo levantou uma reflexão sobre criatividade e inovação neste segmento e também sobre a inovação em microempresas criativas.

Resumo O presente artigo apresenta uma proposta para operacionalização do conceito de capacidades dinâmicas, criando um modelo de análise a partir da revisão teórica realizada. A pesquisa é feita por meio de estudo de múltiplos casos, resgatando dados históricos, e começa de uma decisão estratégica voltada à inovação. Em seguida, observam-se as reconfigurações que foram necessárias nas capacidades ordinárias das empresas, e apresenta-se a sua nova configuração, considerando os movimentos que foram necessários para implantar o plano estratégico que as levou a inovar. O estudo contribui com a literatura por apresentar a operacionalização das capacidades dinâmicas, e tem como contribuição gerencial a possibilidade de aplicação do conhecimento sobre capacidades ordinárias e dinâmicas nas decisões estratégicas das empresas. Abstract This article presents a proposal for the operationalization of the concept of dynamic capabilities. It created a model of analysis based on the literature review. The study was carried out through the analyses of multiple cases, which retrieves historical data. Also, it was triggered by a strategic decision focused on innovation. The reconfigurations that were necessary for the ordinary capabilities of the studied companies were observed. Then, their new configuration was shown, considering the movements necessary to implement the strategic plan that led them to innovate. The study contributes to the literature by presenting the operation of dynamic capabilities. Moreover, there is the possibility of applying the expertise about ordinary and dynamic capabilities in the strategic decisions of companies as a managerial contribution.

Internationalisation became an important component of science parks (SPs) practices. In recent years, they have started to include, among the portfolio of their services, the support and fostering of their tenant firms’ internationalisation, such as soft-landing programmes and international immersion experiences for start-ups. Thus, the main aim of this chapter is to analyse these internationalisation practices in the light of the network and internationalisation theories. Based on an exploratory multiple case study the authors conducted in three Brazilian SPs located in the South of Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul State) – Tecnopuc in Porto Alegre, Tecnosinos in Sao Leopoldo and Feevale Techpark in Campo Bom. The authors provide evidences on how cohesive internal and external ties, networks as well as the level of specialisation are the key drivers of the internationalisation process of SPs and their tenant firms.

Most studies on innovation capability analyze the firm level. Little efforts have been made to understand the interactions that take place in inter-organizational agglomerations and the capabilities that such arrangements retain. This study aims to develop a theoretical framework of cluster innovation capability. The academic production about innovation capability of clusters in the business field from 2005 to 2014 was analyzed and the databases consulted were: EBSCO, SCOPUS, and Web of Knowledge.311 items were cataloged, 144 were available in full text, and among those 18 papers were selected. The cluster innovation capability was structured based on a theoretical framework through qualitative content analysis. Thus, acquisition capability, diffusing capability, and knowledge management capability are the main capabilities that constitute the cluster innovation capability., Bittencourt, B., Galuk, M., Daniel, V., & Zen, A. (2018). Cluster Innovation Capability: a systematic review. International Journal of Innovation, 7(1), 26-44. Retrieved from http://www.journaliji.org/index.php/iji/article/view/157

The goal of this article is to identify internationalization patterns and analyze their effects on company performance. This is a quantitative study with a sample of 343 Brazilian companies that have had export operations for more than three years. Results indicate that companies choose between two distinct paths to internationalization. In the first group are firms that seek to enter the global market proactively. They are present in more countries, have an in-house department of internationalization and a better economic-financial performance. The second group consists of companies that approach internationalization reactively. They outsource part of the process, succeed only in entering markets that are less demanding and do not perform as well as the first group.

Purpose Requalification of neglected areas in urban contexts is considered as one of the main challenges for smart cities. Business clusters stand out as mechanisms of innovation for not only the clustered firms but also the territory in which they are located. However, the cluster emergence process is complex and still unknown. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the orchestration process in the emergence of a cluster of innovation (CoI). Design/methodology/approach This study is a qualitative exploratory research in Porto Alegre, a State capital in Southern Brazil, in the region known as 4th District. Data were collected through documentary research, non-participant observation and face-to-face in-depth interviews. Findings Results indicate the importance of alignment among network members, possible difficulties caused by members’ heterogeneity and the need to disseminate information and interaction for the appropriability of knowledge and innovation in the emergence process of CoI. Coordination of actions and joint agenda as facilitators for the construction of a cluster identity emerge as crucial important. Besides, results also highlight that the entrepreneurial process and the perspective of global strategy are essential to build competitive advantage to the region. Research limitations/implications This paper brings a theoretical and managerial contribution to the application of the concept of orchestration to emergence of a CoI. The framework presents network components, orchestration components and the drivers to emergence of a CoI. Originality/value This study proposes a framework to link the orchestration process to the emergence of a CoI. The proposed framework could help policymakers and other actors to enhance the impact of a cluster on the development of the region.

O artigo aborda a questao das interracoes entre atores que coexistem em aglomeracoes espaciais de empresas.

Clusters têm sido objeto de pesquisa durante décadas devido as vantagens competitivas locais que impulsionam o desenvolvimento regional. Entretanto, grande parte dos estudos desconsideraram o desenvolvimento de suas estruturas ao longo do tempo. Recentemente, acadêmicos passaram a desenvolver abordagens dinâmicas que conseguissem explicar os padrões de desenvolvimento dos clusters. A resiliência de cluster é um constructo utilizado para entender como os cluster adaptam as suas estruturas a fim de superar choques, entretanto ainda é um conceito bastante embrionário. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a resiliência econômica dos clusters, buscando identificar os principais elementos que impactam na sua capacidade de resistência, recuperação e adaptação após um choque externo. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um framework teórico baseado nos recentes avanços da literatura de geografia econômica evolucionária. Como principais contribuições, este artigo redefiniu resiliência de cluster e seus principais elementos.

Measuring sustainability is a major issue as well as a driving force for the discussion on sustainable development. Developing tools that reliably measure sustainability is a prerequisite for identifying non-sustainable processes informing design-makers of products’ quality and monitoring impacts on the social environment. According to Agenda 21, one of these significant issues to sustainability is energy. This paper presents a proposal of sustainable energy indicators for cities. This research presents 26 indicators classified into five dimensions (environmental, economic, social, territorial and political). The indicators were validated by experts of different fields who also gave weights for each indicator depending on its importance to sustainability. This resulted in the finding of key indicators in each dimension. The analysis of these five dimensions could help policymakers to foster sustainable energy development in the cities. This research was conducted in the Brazilian context, an emerging economy. In these economies, sustainable energy has become central to maintain the country's growth. The result of this research is the first step in order to develop an index of sustainable energy of cities. Further research should apply these indicators to evaluate cities in different contexts.

Although the importance of local/regional factors in firms' international competitiveness has been increasingly recognized, few studies have investigated the relationship between clusters and the internationalization process of clustered-firms. This theme assumes special relevance for industries that are predominantly organized in territorial agglomerations, or clusters, as is the case of the wine industry. The objective of this paper is to identify the resources generated by the cluster and analyze their influence in the internationalization process of clustered companies. A case study was carried out on two wine clusters: Provence, in Southern France, and Serra Gaucha, in Southern Brazil. Resource-based theory provides the underlying analytical framework. Both theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.

This paper aims to examine how technology incubators contribute to the internationalization of incubated Brazilian companies. To do so, was developed a framework that, in addition to supporting research, can be used to provide a basis for studies of internationalization in small technology-based companies and incubators and to assist their managers. By comparing the factors identified as influencing internationalization and the actions and services provided by the technology incubators, an integrated model with four constructs (entrepreneurs; organizational characteristics; network; foreign market) was built. The results demonstrate that incubation positively affects the internationalization of companies and indicate the actions and services that contribute towards the internationalization, as also reveals aspects that could be improved.

As mudanças do segmento agropecuário desafiam a gestão da Estância dos Pampas, um antigo negócio familiar. Há lugar para velhos hábitos e tradições?DOI: 10.12660/gvcasosv4n1c6http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvcasosv4n1c6&nbsp

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o impacto dos recursos no desempenho exportador das empresas pertencentes a clusters. O argumento em que se baseia o presente trabalho é o de que a inserção em clusters possibilita o acesso a recursos que influenciam o processo de internacionalização das empresas. Foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa no setor vitivinícola francês, que é o principal mercado consumidor em volume, sendo a França o segundo país em produção de vinhos no mundo. Outro dado da pesquisa é a população-alvo do estudo, que são empresas exportadoras do setor vitivinícola francês, localizadas em clusters, além da amostra composta por 130 vinícolas francesas exportadoras, localizadas em diferentes clusters vitivinícolas. Em suma, os resultados apontaram que o acesso aos recursos disponíveis no cluster impacta no processo de internacionalização das empresas pertencentes às aglomerações e no seu desempenho exportador. Uma implicação relevante da pesquisa para a internacionalização das empresas é a importância dos recursos singulares ligados ao fator comercial, uma vez identificado que as empresas com desempenho exportador superior são aquelas atribuem maior importância aos seus recursos comerciais. Novos estudos poderão mensurar a utilização dos recursos na estratégia de internacionalização, bem como comparar a importância e a utilização dos recursos de acordo com o nível de desempenho exportador das empresas. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the impact of resources on export performance of clustered companies. We argue that the insertion in clusters provides access to resources that influence the internationalization process of firms. We conducted a survey in the French wine industry, the main consumer market in volume and second largest producer of wine in the world. The population of the study includes exporting French wineries, located in clusters. The sample consists of 130 French wine exporters, located in different wine clusters. In short, the results indicated that access to cluster’s resources has a positive impact on the process of internationalization and export performance of companies. One managerial implication of the research is the importance of commercial resources. The firms with higher export performance attributed greater importance to their commercial resources. Further studies may measure the utilization of resources in the internationalization strategy, and compare the importance and the use of resources in accordance with the level of export performance of companies. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el impacto de los recursos en las exportaciones de las compañías pertenecientes a los clústeres. El argumento del presente documento es que la inserción en grupos proporciona acceso a los recursos que influyen en el proceso de internacionalización de las compañías. Se realizó una encuesta cuantitativa en la industria del vino francés, el principal mercado consumidor en volumen y el segundo mayor productor de vinos del mundo. La población objeto del estudio son los exportadores del sector vitivinícola francés, situada en clústeres. La muestra se compone de 130 exportadores de vino francés situados en diferentes clústeres. En resumen, los resultados indican que el acceso a los recursos disponibles en el clúster impacta en el proceso de internacionalización de las compañías pertenecientes a los clústeres y en los resultados de exportación de los mismos. Una de las implicaciones de la investigación relevante para la internacionalización de las compañías es la importancia de los recursos naturales relacionados con el factor comercial, ya que se encontró que las compañías con mayor rendimiento en las exportaciones son las que conceden mayor importancia a los recursos de su negocio. Estudios posteriores pueden medir la utilización de los recursos en la estrategia de internacionalización, así como comparar la importancia y el uso de los recursos de acuerdo con el nivel de rendimiento de las exportaciones de las empresas.