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The lead article in this issue of the AMEDD Journal, "Officer Professional Development: A Case Study in Officer Mentorship," by LTC Mark A. Melanson, MS, USA and ILT Alison D. Winstead, MS, USA, describes the mentorship approach to junior officers assigned to the Health Physics Program at the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine. "Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: Clinical Considerations," by CPT Ryan P. Zolman, DC, USA, et al. discusses using MTA as a replacement for other endodontic sealing materials to seal and preserve pulpal tissue. "Ground Evacuation in the Republic of Korea," by CPT Christopher J. Moore, MS, USA, outlines the medical evacuation system in South Korea and the difficulties that terrain, weather, and overcrowded highways may pose in the event of hostilities. "Mars and Hippocrates in Megapolis: Urban Combat and Medical Support," by LTC (Ret) Lester W. Grau and CDR Charles J. Gbur, Jr., MC, USNR, examines the unique challenges of providing definitive medical care in the urban warfare setting, and how evacuation and treatment of casualties becomes more difficult. "The Impact of Managed Care on Long-Term Care," by MAJ Clint Schreckhise, MSC, USA, evaluates community and institution-based long-term care settings and the growing need to align themselves with major care organizations. "Psychological Intervention for 9/11 Military Mental Health Responders," by MAJ Jeffrey Yarvis, MS, USA and Patrick Bordnick, PhD, discusses the concept of secondary traumatic stress in mental health providers and how it can dramatically affect their ability to provide needed interventions. "Dental Readiness of Army National Guard Soldiers in the 7th Infantry Division, by COL Timothy K. Jones, DC, USA, details the extent of dental readiness in Army National Guard units mobilized for deployment. "AMEDD Dateline" is provided by Wayne R. Austerman, PhD.

This issue of the AMEDD Journal contains a diversity of articles of interest to the AMEDD community. "Medical Support of the Sinai Multinational Force and Observers: An Update, 2001" explains the medical support for the 11-nation coalition on the peacekeeping mission in the Sinai desert. "Stress Casualty Forecasting" discusses the impact of physical and mental stress on the conduct of military operations and how to effectively plan for and prevent these types of casualties. "Medical Implications of High Altitude Combat" cites specific examples to describe some common types of illnesses due to altitude exposure, as well as how to diagnose and treat these conditions. "Improving Capital Investment Strategy" explores the options available for managing Defense Health Program dollars within the AMEDD to effectively plan for capital expenditures. "Mustering Out the Medics: AMEDD Downsizing After World War II" details the difficulties encountered by the AMEDD when confronted with the demobilizing of the AMEDD portion of the 7 million soldiers remaining in service after the surrender of Germany and Japan.

This issue of the AMEDD Journal explores several different aspects of leadership found in the different corps. "Nursing Readiness: Active Duty vs Army Reserve" details the application of a readiness assessment tool for new Army Nurse Corps officers attending the Officer Basic Course. Comparative results of Active Duty and Reserve Component nurses are outlined in the areas of clinical nursing competency, operational competency, and survival skills. "The Role of the Administrative MSC Officer" is an overview of the crucial role that administrative MSC officers will play in the changing health care industry as it relates to military health care and the future of AMEDD. "Obstetrical Ultrasound Training: Survey of Military Residents' Experience" presents a survey designed to assess the level of obstetrical ultrasound education in military residency training programs. "Differential Diagnosis: The Challenge of Chronic Fatigue" is the text of a presentation given to the Medical Society of London by the Surgeon General of the Australian Defence Force. The article outlines the broad spectrum of possible diagnoses in defining chronic fatigue syndromes. "The Roots of American Military Humanitarianism" traces the beginnings of U.S. Army medical humanitarian missions back to the Lewis and Clark expedition.

This issue of the AMEDD Journal spotlights the Knowledge Management Network (KMN) and the information-sharing potential it promises. Also in this issue are four other articles and a book review. "Psychological Aspects of Deployment: The Bosnian Experience" details the psychological impact of deployment on soldiers, with implications for mission effectiveness and soldier well-being. "Stress-Free Endodontics by Case Selection" highlights the practice of endodontics in general dentistry practice. All healthcare professionals will appreciate the underlying message of careful patient selection when applying therapeutic treatments. "Asia-Pacific Medicine Conference: AMEDD Support of the National Security Strategy" outlines the AMEDD's continued support and involvement in the nation's security strategy in one of the world's most important social, political, and economic regions. Of particular note is the use of an annual conference to link participants and share information. "Human Dimensions Research during Operation 'Joint Guard,' Bosnia" reports on a study from the Walter Reed institute of Research regarding the psychological status of soldiers deployed to Bosnia. This report has implications for combat stress control measures designed to keep the force fit. The Book Review features a comprehensive examination of a reference textbook dealing with the causes and multiple hazards of sepsis and septic infection.

Several articles in this issue focus on MEDEVAC and reflect its importance in the overall AMEDD mission. "Maximizing Medical Evacuation" provides an operational perspective on forward support MEDEVAC teams in the theater of operation. The author draws on valuable lessons from the Combat Maneuver Training Center at Hohenfels, Germany. "Army Aeromedical Crash Rates" is a retrospective study of helicopter crash rates in the U.S. Army. The findings support the continued commendable safety record of both Army general and MEDEVAC-specific aviation. This impressive safety record can serve as a model for all personnel in the AMEDD. "Disease and Nonbattle Injury Forecasting" describes a quantitative model for predicting casualties during operational deployments. Accurate forecasting is critical to assuring that the right quantity and mix of medical and evacuation assets are deployed with the force. "Malaria Surveillance in Operation New Horizon-Peru" outlines the Southern Command's efforts to identify and control endemic malaria in the Amazon Basin of Peru. "The Evolution of Misbehavior in Insurance and Worker's Compensation" provides an insightful historical review of insurance fraud. Given the multi-billion dollar costs associated with fraud, all managers and administrators need to maintain awareness of the issue. "Acute Myocardial Infarction" is a concise and easy-to-read synopsis of a very important disease. Coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction (heart attacks) remain a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in soldiers and civilians alike. "Restructuring the Medical Service Corps: The 7OZ Proposal" outlines a proposal to consolidate several Medical Service Corps areas of concentration into one. A smaller, leaner AMEDD needs personnel with maximum skill and flexibility. This proposal addresses some of these issues. "Surgical Management of Stillman's Clefts: A Case Report" describes the operative management of a unique form of gingival (gum) recession.

In this issue of the AMEDD Journal are several articles that provide glimpses of some of the issues facing the AMEDD in the next century. "Experiences of a Medical Company Commander in Bosnia" provides a first-hand account of the commander of an Area Support Medical Company in Operation Joint Guard. Peacekeeping and other military operations other than war will likely figure prominently in AMEDD's future. "Electronic Monitoring of Temperature Sensitive Pharmaceuticals" describes the process used by the U.S. Army Materiel Center Europe to ensure the proper storage and shipping of important medicines. The article highlights the success in ensuring the integrity of the anthrax vaccine supply. Defense against anthrax and other Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) is an important factor in the Army After Next concept. "Case Reports: Smokeless Tobacco Cessation Therapy and Naltrexone-Related Smoking Cessation" -- Two case reports outline pharmacotherapy and psychoeducational approaches that show promise in ending nicotine addition and reducing the myriad of negative health effects of smokeless tobacco. "Tattoos: Attitudes and Beliefs among Enlisted Personnel" reports on a survey of attitudes towards tattoos. The results have relevance to leaders and medical providers counseling young people on the potential impact of getting a tattoo. "The Smile Center: Innovation Increases Patient Access to Care" describes the successes of the Pacific Regional Dental Command in improving the dental readiness of soldiers through improvements in appointment scheduling. Access to care remains a top concern for the AMEDD. "The Economic Efficiency Factor Applied to the U.S. Army DENCOM" describes the use of a specific matrix to analyze staffing ratios and clinic efficiency. "The Army Medical Department Regiment...Helping Maintain a Tradition of Caring" focuses on the heritage, goals, and responsibilities of the AMEDD Regimental System.

This issue of the AMEDD Journal is dedicated to the combat medic of the future, the 91W Healthcare Specialist. Several articles in this issue focus on the 91W or the missions they accomplish. "91W: Force XXI Combat Medic" provides a concise overview of the 91W initiative. Many of the issues that sparked and propelled the program are outlined in this article. Commanders, leaders, and especially, soldier medics will appreciate this timely information "Providing Echelon II CHS to a Digitized Fourth Brigade" shows a glimpse into the future combat health support in Force XXI. Using the Prairie Warrior battle simulation exercise, the article explores some of the challenges of providing care on the battlefield. "Preparing for a Disaster" highlights the potential threat of chemical and biological warfare agents. This article is a potent reminder of the need for continual vigilance and preparedness for these and other weapons of mass destruction. "Case Studies in Aviation Medicine: Bosnian Deployment" describes the challenges of providing fight medicine in a deployed environment. The article uses a series of case studies to highlight strategies to meet the aviators' medical needs. "The Letterman System for Casualty Treatment and Evacuation" reviews Dr. Jonathan Letterman's efforts to preserve life and ease suffering during the American Civil War. The effectiveness of the AMEDD's evacuation system is owed, in part, to Dr. Letterman's revolutionary ideas. "Combat Stress Control Garrison Mission: A Model for the Future" describes the dual mission of peacetime and operational mental health and the challenge of achieving both. Several potential models to achieve the optima! approach are presented and discussed. "Setting the (Dental) Record Straight" provides a step-by-step approach to achieving excellence in dental records. "Treating Rampant Caries: Winning the Battles, Losing the War" highlights the importance of disease prevention and treatment with regard to dental caries.

Values are core beliefs that are fundamental to an organization and its members. Values form the very foundation on which units, activities, and policies are built. The Army has a specific set of values that should be familiar to all in the Army Medical Department (AMEDD). They are easy to remember because they form the mnemonic LEADERSHIP: Loyalty, Duty, Respect, Selfless Service, Honor, Integrity, and Personal Courage. Evidence of these values can be found in the accomplishments and achievements of AMEDD personnel throughout the world. This issue of the AMEDD Journal is dedicated to Army values and the people behind them. Several of this month's articles illustrate one or more Army values and underscore the importance they take in Army life. The journal contains the following articles: "Perspective," an overview of the issue's articles, by MG James B. Peake; "Why Marketing Health Care in the Military Can Help: A Historical Perspective," by LCDR E. C. Ehresmann; "Neurorehabilitative Strategies: Improving Locomotor Function," by CPT Eric I. Hassid; "Formulary Development in a USAR CSH: A Team Approach," by MAJ Domenic A. Sammarco; "Sleep Disorders in Operation Desert Storm Veterans," by LTC Wayne Farmer and LTC Daniel Kayanan; "Sudden or Traumatic Death in the Emergency Department," by Jacqueline E. McQuay, RN; "Psychiatric Nursing: A Critical Role in Deployment," by MAJ Kathryn M. Gaylord; "Pretesting and Success in the Respiratory Specialist Course," by LTC Donald Gebhart, et al.; and "AMEDD Dateline," by Dr. Wayne R. Austerman.

This issue of the AMEDD Journal examines a number of issues that relate to combat medic training. "Beyond MPT: Medical Training for High Profile Units" describes a unique program to augment Medical Proficiency Training in line units. "Rheumatic Findings in Gulf War Veterans" examines the incidence of specific medical complaints in service members who served in Operation Desert Storm. Since combat medics are often the first link in medical care and are frequently closest to the point-of-injury, their observations and documentation can be critical to piecing together future medical mysteries. "Operation Assistance: A Medical Planning Perspective" describes the Canadian experience in providing humanitarian medical assistance. Many future Army missions may involve this type of operation, and all AMEDD personnel need to be trained and ready to meet these challenges. "TRICARE Senior Prime: The DOD Medicare Subvention Demonstration" highlights the recently authorized collaboration between the DoD and the Healthcare Finance Administration to allow the financing of Medicare-eligible retirees treated in military hospitals. "Inpatient Burn Unit Length of Stay and Analysis of Treatment Supply Costs" reports on a retrospective study of percent body surface area burned and patient demographics to length of stay and supply costs of severely burned patients. "Dental Management of a Patient with Osteogenesis Imperfecta" is a case report on the dental management of molar extraction in a patient with the bone-forming disease osteogenesis imperfecta. Through a continual process of evaluation and improvement in training, the AMEDD's combat medics will continue to conserve the fighting strength.

This issue of the AMEDD Journal is dedicated to the fitness and readiness of our soldiers. The "MAMC Improvement Award Program" describes the Madigan Army Medical Center's incentive program to reward organizational groups within a military hospital for improving efficiency, quality of care, resource management, and other key indicators. "Madigan Research Day Proceedings" shows the diversity and depth of ongoing scholarly activity at just one of the Army's Medical Centers. "Women`s Healthcare Initiative Research Center" -- Women's health is emerging as a separate specialized field within medicine. This article describes the consolidation of all Women's Health initiatives into one area at MAMC to allow the best resource-sharing potential, clinically and administratively. "The EBC: Its Use in the Military Health System" -- The military's healthcare system strives to meet the challenge of maintaining readiness while providing high-quality peacetime healthcare. One of the ways the system is accomplishing this reengineering is through the use of enrollment based capitation (EBC). This article discusses EBC and how it can improve the financial efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare delivery. "The Cardiovascular Specialist: Skills for the Future" highlights the training and utilization of one of the AMEDD's most highly skilled enlisted specialties. Cardiovascular specialists form an integral part of the cardiology team, evaluating and treating a wide range of diseases. "A Comparison of MMPI Profiles: Combat Zone vs Stateside Cohorts" examines the psychological and personality profiles of soldiers in and out of battle. Information such as this can one day help prevent the scourge of combat stress. "The Economic Efficiency Factor and its Use in Service Line Evaluation" provides an in-depth description of a resource and finance tool for quantitative evaluation of health services.