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Recently, the media's coverage of trans homicides has increased in the U.S. Studies show that the news media's framing has been largely negative but has improved in recent times. Yet, research has mostly analyzed the news media's framing of victims who were trans women, thus limiting our understanding of this issue across different trans groups. The present study employs a mixed method approach to comparatively analyze articles (N = 124) published in online news media outlets of 15 trans men and 15 trans women murdered between 2016 and 2022. The findings indicate news media outlets used more positive and neutral frames than negative for both groups. However, when compared to trans women, trans men were delegitimized at higher rates. These findings highlight the ways that the police, news media, family, friends, and community members simultaneously contribute to the humanization and delegitimization of trans victims of homicide, demonstrating the importance of ensuring all information released about the victims correctly reflects who they were, or the cycle of delegitimization will continue. By studying how the news media frames trans homicide victims, we can look at how the media shapes cultural beliefs and ideologies about trans people, the role of language in reinforcing stereotypes, and the implications of these framings for trans people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I review the literature on trans people's experiences with the criminal legal system using an intersectional lens to highlight how their multiple marginalized identities shape their treatment by criminal legal actors. The literature suggests that the intersectional contexts of trans people's experiences must be considered and recognized when seeking to understand and apply this knowledge to improve interactions with the legal system, either in terms of victimization or system-involvement. An intersectional approach may not explain the full extent of trans people's experiences. Still, it provides a glimpse into the multiplicative effects overlapping forms of oppression have on trans people's daily lives and, subsequently, their system involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States experienced a record number of homicides against transgender victims in 2020, six of which occurred in Puerto Rico. Of the victims, five were trans women, and one was a trans man. Through case-study analysis, we explore how gender nonconformity is stigmatized within the context of Puerto Rico. Using storyline analysis of the language used by offenders, news media, and police, several themes emerged: (1) framing trans people as deceitful; (2) deadnaming, misgendering, and victim-blaming, and (3) community advocacy for the murder victims. Using the framework of hetero-cis-normativity, we explore how hetero-cis-normative biases may explain why negative attitudes toward trans individuals vary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor interactions between police and trans folx have been well documented in academic literature and non-profit reports. However, most of these focus on the most egregious of offenses, when police insult and assault trans folx as a result of their identity; yet, there is more nuance to these interactions. Trans folx are more likely to interact with police who are not outwardly violent towards them yet can be misidentified and misgendered. While these interactions can be rooted in a difference between the person in front of the officer and the picture, name, and gender marker on identifying documents, police have a duty to use facts (proper name and pronouns) to facilitate respectful interactions. This article seeks to explore this dynamic between officers who fail to identify trans folx properly as a policy and procedural issue, use participant narratives, as well as provide substantive considerations for training and policy recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, there are limited qualitative studies examining the integration of transgender athletes within professional, amateur, and elite sports. Utilizing a qualitative content analysis of social media users' responses to five transgender Olympic athletes, this study explores perceptions shared across two major social media platforms. Six themes emerged from our data transphobia, transmisogyny, mental illness claims, science claims, confusion, and support. The majority of users expressed transphobic and transmisogynistic concerns about fairness and shared negative perceptions of transgender athletes as dangerous, deviant, and in need of mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on some aspects of the genus Quercus or Mexican oak, including its taxonomy, diversity, distribution, and ecology. It indicates that the genus Quercus is a woody plant found in the Northern Hemisphere and has 500 species worldwide and more than 200 in the Americas. It claims that Mexico has the greatest wealth of species of the genus Quercus because of the prominence of its physical geography.

• Caterpillar-parasitoid food webs on annual vs perennial extensive crops were compared. • Caterpillars were more abundant but equally diverse on alfalfa than on soybean. • Caterpillars on alfalfa supported higher parasitoid richness and parasitism rates. • Food web vulnerability was a key differential parameter between crops. • Parasitism rates did not increase with parasitoid richness or food web vulnerability. Food webs offer a useful approach to the study of complex communities interacting across trophic levels, potentially linking community structure and ecosystem services such as biological control. Herbivore-parasitoid food webs are relevant for agricultural production, in terms of pests and their control. Here, we compare caterpillar-parasitoid food webs in a perennial (alfalfa) and an annual (soybean) crop in Central Argentina, by analyzing their diversity, food web structure and parasitism rates using four years of data. Caterpillar – parasitoid communities in extensive agricultural systems have barely been addressed in a food web context. We found the same eleven defoliating Lepidoptera species in both crops, with similar annual richness values. However, alfalfa sustained larger caterpillar populations and richer parasitoid assemblages than soybean, even when only summer data (when both crops coexisted) were considered. Parasitism rates were also higher on alfalfa (only for yearlong data), suggesting bottom-up effects on the third trophic level, and may reflect the resource continuity offered by this crop. A discriminant analysis separated alfalfa from soybean food webs, mainly on the basis of vulnerability (an indicator of the mean number of parasitoid species per host), which was in turn unrelated to parasitism rates, thus suggesting a breach between two functional approaches, i.e. food webs and ecological processes such as biological control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the results of a study that examined the effectiveness of fixed-precision sequential sampling for estimating alfalfa caterpillar, Colias lesbia, a major pest of alfalfa, Medicago sativa crops in Argentina. The study noted the increased in the average sample size for the sampling plans of Green and Kuno as the precision level was increased. It recommended the use of Green's sequential sampling plan due to its reduced sensitivity to changes in egg density.

We tested the effects of hybridization and introgression on the levels of leaf fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in a hybrid zone between Quercus magnoliifolia and Quercus resinosa at the Tequila volcano, Jalisco state, Mexico, in which the species are distributed along an altitudinal gradient ranging from 1400 to 2100 m. Bayesian clustering analysis was performed with STRUCTURE on data for eight nuclear microsatellite loci to assign individuals from reference populations and from the hybrid zone to pure or hybrid genotypic classes. To test the performance of the assignment procedure and to determine optimal thresholds for genetic assignment pure, hybrid and backcrossed genotypes were simulated (from the allelic frequencies found in real pure populations of the two species) and reanalyzed with STRUCTURE. Leaf FA and morphological identification of parental and hybrid individuals were obtained using geometric morphometric techniques. We found genetic and morphological evidence of a hybrid zone by secondary contact at the Tequila volcano. The genotypes and phenotypes were significantly correlated with altitude along the mountain, but no correlation between them was found. FA was higher in F1 hybrids and backcrossed genotypes than in pure species. Levels of FA were more correlated with the proportion of genetic ancestry of each individual than with leaf morphology or altitude, supporting the hypothesis that hybridization is associated with development instability potentially caused by disruption of coadapted gene complexes characteristic of each species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oaks ( Quercus, Fagaceae) are the dominant tree genus of North America in species number and biomass, and Mexico is a global center of oak diversity. Understanding the origins of oak diversity is key to understanding biodiversity of northern temperate forests., A phylogenetic study of biogeography, niche evolution and diversification patterns in Quercus was performed using 300 samples, 146 species. Next-generation sequencing data were generated using the restriction-site associated DNA ( RAD-seq) method. A time-calibrated maximum likelihood phylogeny was inferred and analyzed with bioclimatic, soils, and leaf habit data to reconstruct the biogeographic and evolutionary history of the American oaks., Our highly resolved phylogeny demonstrates sympatric parallel diversification in climatic niche, leaf habit, and diversification rates. The two major American oak clades arose in what is now the boreal zone and radiated, in parallel, from eastern North America into Mexico and Central America., Oaks adapted rapidly to niche transitions. The Mexican oaks are particularly numerous, not because Mexico is a center of origin, but because of high rates of lineage diversification associated with high rates of evolution along moisture gradients and between the evergreen and deciduous leaf habits. Sympatric parallel diversification in the oaks has shaped the diversity of North American forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]