Search

Abstract Background Neonatal mice are frequently used to model diseases that affect human infants. Microbial community composition has been shown to impact disease progression in these models. Despite this, the maturation of the early-life murine microbiome has not been well-characterized. We address this gap by characterizing the assembly of the bacterial microbiota of C57BL/6 and BALB/c litters from birth to adulthood across multiple independent litters. Results The fecal microbiome of young pups is dominated by only a few pioneering bacterial taxa. These taxa are present at low levels in the microbiota of multiple maternal body sites, precluding a clear identification of maternal source. The pup microbiota begins diversifying after 14 days, coinciding with the beginning of coprophagy and the consumption of solid foods. Pup stool bacterial community composition and diversity are not significantly different from dams from day 21 onwards. Short-read shotgun sequencing-based metagenomic profiling of young pups enabled the assembly of metagenome-assembled genomes for strain-level analysis of these pioneer Ligilactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Proteus species. Conclusions Assembly of the murine microbiome occurs over the first weeks of postnatal life and is largely complete by day 21. This detailed view of bacterial community development across multiple commonly employed mouse strains informs experimental design, allowing researchers to better target interventions before, during, or after the maturation of the bacterial microbiota. The source of pioneer bacterial strains appears heterogeneous, as the most abundant taxa identified in young pup stool were found at low levels across multiple maternal body sites, suggesting diverse routes for seeding of the murine microbiome. Video Abstract

The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficiency of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) on growth performance, biochemical parameters, biological traits and hematology on common carp. For this purpose, 108 fingerlings of cyprinus carpio weight ranged between 75.18 -75.36 g were randomly distributed into four treatment groups. Fish were fed with different thyme concentrations: 1% (T2), 1.5% (T3) and 2% (T4).The first group (T1) was serve as control group without any addition of thyme. The experiment was conducted at animal sceicne department/ college of agricultural engineering sceinces/university of Sulaimani. The experiement was continued for 8 weeks, after 60 days of feeding, blood samples were collected for determination of hematological and biochemical parameters. Results of feeding trail in treated groups with thyme supplementation showed significant increase (P

IntroductionThe therapeutic efficacy of oral administration of Ziziphus jujube in the context of uterine adhesion (UA) and its impact on pregnancy outcomes was investigated.MethodsIn a rat UA model, Z. jujube was evaluated for its ability to mitigate injury-induced uterine adhesion bands, uterine shortening, and enhance endometrial regeneration. The assessment included analysis of gland numbers, uterine endometrial thickness, and regulation of inflammatory cytokines. The antioxidant properties of Z. jujube were also studied through antioxidant enzyme activity in uterine tissue homogenates. Fibrotic changes were examined through histological Trichrome staining and analysis of pro-fibrotic factors.ResultsTreatment with Z. jujube resulted in a significant reduction in uterine tissue fibrosis, as evidenced by histological evaluation and reduced expression of fibrotic markers. The intervention demonstrated positive outcomes in embryonic development, pregnancy rates, and pregnancy outcomes. Z. jujube effectively inhibited the formation of extra-uterine adhesion bands to internal organs. No toxicity-related morphological changes were observed in vital organs of the Z. Jujube-treated group.DiscussionThe results collectively indicate that Z. jujube is a safe and potent natural product with anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties, highlighting its potential as a novel candidate for clinical studies targeting UA in patients.

ABSTRACTCryptosporidiosis is a major cause of severe diarrheal disease in infants from resource poor settings. The majority of infections are caused by the human-specific pathogen C. hominis and absence of in vitro growth platforms has limited our understanding of host-pathogen interactions and development of effective treatments. To address this problem, we developed a stem cell-derived culture system for C. hominis using human enterocytes differentiated under air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions. Human ALI cultures supported robust growth and complete development of C. hominis in vitro including all life cycle stages. Cryptosporidium infection induced a strong interferon response from enterocytes, possibly driven, in part, by an endogenous dsRNA virus in the parasite. Prior infection with Cryptosporidium induced type III IFN secretion and consequently blunted infection with Rotavirus, including live attenuated vaccine strains. The development of hALI provides a platform for further studies on human-specific pathogens, including clinically important coinfections that may alter vaccine efficacy.

It has been consistently proven that the ridge estimator is an effective shrinking strategy for reducing the effects of multicollinearity. An effective model to use when the response variable is positively skewed is the Gamma Regression Model (GRM). However, it is well known that the existence of multicollinearity can have a detrimental impact on the variance of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the gamma regression coefficients. The generalized ridge estimator is suggested in this study as a solution to the ridge estimator's limitation. The shrinkage matrix has been estimated using a number of different techniques. Our Monte Carlo simulation and actual data application findings indicate that the suggested estimator, regardless of the kind of estimating method of shrinkage matrix, is superior to the MLE and ridge estimator in terms of Mean Square Error (MSE). Additionally, compared to other methods, some shrinkage matrix estimation techniques can significantly enhance results.

Türkiye’nin 1959’da başlayan AB serüveni 1999 yılında adaylık statüsü elde etmesi ve 2005 yılında da tam üyelik müzakerelerine başlaması ile sürmüştür. Özellikle Soğuk Savaşın bitimiyle birlikte AB içindeki etkisi ve gücü artan Almanya süreç boyunca AB’nin Türkiye’nin üyeliğine dair politikasında belirleyici olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı 2005 yılından 2021’e kadar iktidarda bulunan Angela Merkel’in başbakanlığı döneminde Almanya’nın Türkiye’nin AB üyelik sürecine yaklaşımını ve bu süreçteki etkisini tartışmaktır. Çalışmanın temel tezi; Merkel hükümetleri boyunca Almanya Türkiye’nin AB üyeliğine açıkça karşı çıkmış ve tam üyelik yerine imtiyazlı ortaklık fikrini desteklemiştir. Ancak Almanya hem AB’nin hem de kendi güvenliği ve çıkarları gibi akılcı sebeplerden dolayı Türkiye’nin müzakere sürecinin sonlandırılmasını ve AB’nin dışına itilmesini göze alamamış ve Türkiye’nin AB ve diğer AB üyesi ülkeler ile yaşadığı krizlerde de dengeleyici bir rol oynayarak Türkiye’yi AB yörüngesinde tutmaya çalışmıştır.

Objectives This study aims to determine whether machine learning can identify specific combinations of long-term conditions (LTC) associated with increased sarcopenia risk and hence address an important evidence gap—people with multiple LTC (MLTC) have increased risk of sarcopenia but it has not yet been established whether this is driven by specific combinations of LTC.Design Decision trees were used to identify combinations of LTC associated with increased sarcopenia risk. Participants were classified as being at risk of sarcopenia based on maximum grip strength of

Objective: Muscle atrophy due to immobility is a common complication of many diseases and a consequence of therapeutic processes. Immobility and inactivity have been shown to be associated with increased inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of Wild Bitter Melon (WBM) (Momordica charantia Linn) on muscle atrophy due to immobility in a mouse model.Materials and Methods: This study was performed in two phases of atrophy and recovery on male BALB/c mice which were divided into 3 groups: control, immobilized, and experimental. The treatment period with WBM at a dose of 400 mg/kg daily by gavage was 17 days, including 7 days of being immobilized and 10 days of recovery. At the end of each phase, half of the mice from each group were examined regarding the four limb grip strength, and then histological and biochemical analyses were done.Results: The tissue level of malondialdehyde (MDA) oxidative stress index in the atrophy phase in the atrophy group (5.4567±0.522) nmol/g compared to the control group (3.455±0.065) nmol significantly (p 0.001)

Objective: Radiodermatitis (RD) is a frequent adverse event of radiotherapy (RT). Currently, there is no consensus and approved protocol for the treatment of RD. Curcumin (CUR) is a natural polyphenol obtained from turmeric and it has low intrinsic toxicity in humans. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the efficacy of CUR for prevention and treatment of RD.Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was performed in the following online databases: Cochrane library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. Among the 5 selected records, 3 had a randomized clinical trial (RCT)-design and the other had a pilot and controlled study designed. The included studies were performed on breast cancer (N=3), head and neck cancers (N=1) and different types of cancer (N=1).Results: Four of the studies reported that the application of curcumin in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy is associated with decreased intensity of radiodermatitis. However, one study did not report any significant effect of CUR on radiodermatitis. This review provides substantial evidence which confirm the clinical value of CUR in cancer supportive care.Conclusion: Further prospective clinical trials in larger scales are warranted in order to determine the " supplemental form and dose of CUR" for RD prevention and treatment in patients receiving radiotherapy.

Muscle atrophy due to limb immobilization and inactivity is a common consequence of many diseases and treatment processes. One of the systems activated in inflammatory conditions is the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of one of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, enalapril, on improving muscle atrophy caused by immobility. The study was conducted in three groups: a control, an atrophy, and an atrophy group treated with enalapril on Balb/c mice. After tying a splint to cause atrophy in one of the legs, daily treatment with enalapril intraperitoneally (dissolved in DMSO) at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day was done for 7 days. On the eighth day, the splint was opened and half of the mice were evaluated. Then, in the recovery phase, treatment with enalapril was continued in the remaining mice for 10 days without a splint. At the end of each phase, the mice were examined for the muscle strength of the lower limb muscles, and histological and biochemical analyses were subsequently carried out. The tissue level of the oxidative stress index MDA was evaluated, which showed a significantly lower level in the enalapril group compared to the atrophy group (*P

The advancement of scientific research contributes to the accumulation of knowledge on any subject it addresses. Therapeutic recreation comprises activities aimed at improving the health and functional status of individuals with special needs, enhancing their quality of life, and facilitating adaptation to life. This study was conducted using bibliometric methods to determine the general structure and development of scientific research in the field of therapeutic recreation. The objective was to comprehensively examine the stages and overall structure of the literature on "therapeutic recreation," identify key themes, and contribute to future research in this area. Within the scope of this study, 1257 research articles were examined using the Scopus database. The types of studies, authors, years, countries, languages, institutions, subject areas, journals, and keywords related to therapeutic recreation were evaluated. The data were analyzed using VOSviewer software. The study examined the development of therapeutic recreation research from 1933 to May 31, 2023. The findings revealed that the majority of studies were in the form of articles, with “Lorna Moxham” identified as the most prolific author. The year 2020 was found to be the peak period for therapeutic recreation research, with the United States being the country with the highest number of studies. It was observed that the studies were predominantly in the English language, and the institution with the highest number of studies was the “University of Wollongong”. The most commonly used keyword was "therapeutic recreation," and the journal with the highest number of publications was identified as the "Therapeutic Recreational Journal". In conclusion, this study provided a comprehensive evaluation of scientific research in the field of therapeutic recreation, highlighting trends and developments. It demonstrated that therapeutic recreation is a multidisciplinary subject studied in various countries and universities, with an increasing number of studies being conducted and regularly reviewed. The study could serve as an important resource for guiding future research in this area and contributing to the literature.