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Napredak tehnologije i industrije u poslednjih sto godina, porast populacije i razvoj velikih gradova, dovode do generisanja otpada čija količina prevazilazi sposobnost prirode za samoprečišćavanjem. Nagomilavanje otpadnog materijala različitog porekla dovodi do sve većeg zagađenja životne sredine uključujuči i zemljište. Otpadne supstance koje se ne mogu razgraditi degradiraju zemljište, i prouzrokuju poremećaje normalnih procesa u njemu, sa negativnim posledicama po ekosistem i zdravlje ljudi. Nafta kao i njeni derivati predstavljaju jedan od najvećih i najopasnijih zagađivača životne sredine, a samim tim i zemljišta. Do zagađenja naftom i naftnim derivatima može doći usled njene eksploatacije, prerade, transporta, skladištenja i korišćenja, ali i usled slučajnih izlivanja. Metoda koja se poslednjih godina sve više koristi za saniranje posledica usled zagađenja naftom je bioremedijacija. Bioremedijacija je proces koji se bazira na prirodnom kapacitetu mikroorganizama za degradaciju ili transformaciju toksičnih supstanci u životnoj sredini u bezopasne proizvode. Bioremedijacione tehnologije su u skladu sa principima održivog razvoja, jer ne generišu otpad, a tretirano zemljište može da povrati svoju prirodnu biološku aktivnost. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispita primena različitih mikroorganizama kao „bioloških agenasa“, kroz dva procesa od suštinskog značaja za nastanak zemljišta. Prvi podrazumeva ispitivanje zimogenog aktivnog konzorcijuma mikroorganizama za ex situ bioremedijaciju složenog naftnog kontaminanta u sloju veštačkog zemljišnog supstrata, sa rečnim peskom kao matičnom stenom, uz simultano praćenje procesa humifikacije. Mobilizacija fosfora posredstvom mikroorgnizama je druga grupa procesa, koja je proučavana u ovom radu, tako što su korišćeni fosfatna ruda i koncentat pirita kao supstrat, uz dodatak acidofilne bakterijske kulture Acidithiobacillus sp. kao katalizatora. Istraživanja bazirana na simultanoj bioremedijacija i humifikaciji obuhvatila su tr, The advance of technology and industry in the last hundred years, population growth and the development of big cities have led to the production of waste materials in quantities which exceed self-purification capacity of nature. The accumulation of waste materials of various origin causes increased pollution of the environment, including soil. Nondegradable waste materials degrade soil and disrupt normal soil processes, which has negative effects on the ecosystem and human health. Petroleum and its derivatives are one of the major and most dangerous pollutants of soil. Pollution by petroleum and petroleum derivatives is caused by its exploitation, processing, transport, storage and use, but also by accidental spills. Bioremediation is a method of reducing petroleum pollution which has been widely used in the last years. Bioremediation is a process which is based on the natural capacity of microorganisms to degrade or transform toxic substances from the environment into harmless products. Bioremediation technologies are in harmony with the principles of sustainable development since waste materials are not generated, and the treated soil can recover its natural biological activity. The aim of this paper is to study the use of different microorganisms as “biological agents” through two processes which are of crucial importance for soil formation. The first one includes the study of an active consortium of zymogenous microorganisms for ex situ bioremediation of a complex petroleum contaminant in the layer of artificial soil substrate with river sand as parent material, along with simultaneous monitoring of the humification process. Phosphorus mobilisation by microorganisms is the second group of processes studied in this paper and in this study phosphate ore and pyrite concentrate are used as substrate while the culture of acidophilic bacteria Acidithiobacillus sp. was added as a catalyst. The studies based on simultaneous bioremediation and humification included...

In this paper, an overview of data collected during monitoring of lead content in atmospheric precipitation on GAW/EMEP (Global Atmosphere Watch/European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) station "KameniCKI Vis", Serbia from 2000 to 2010 is given. Annual arithmetic mean concentrations, weighted arithmetic mean concentrations, and median of week samples are presented. Obtained data was compared with results of analysis of atmospheric precipitation collected on experimental EMEP station "Zeleno brdo", Serbia and discussed in the scope of European average levels of lead content in precipitation and air. Significant increase of average annual lead content in precipitation was observed in 2003 and 2007. The observed peaks cannot be seen on average European trends, thus leading to the conclusion that the recorded increases are characteristic for the local region. In order to further discuss the nature and direction of possible sources of detected lead pollution, a short analysis of lead emission data was performed. An effort was made to gather data from the countries that lay in directions from which dominant winds blow, as well as for Serbia. For this purpose, total national emissions from LRTAP Convention emission inventory report and EMEP emission inventory were used, as well as data published by relevant national authorities. According to these emission levels, the majority of the surrounding countries couldn't have contributed much to the recorded increases of lead content in precipitation. However, several possible sources were revealed. In all studied countries, emission levels steadily dropped during the analyzed period, whereas only for Serbia a different trend was observed. The presented data leads to the conclusion that the recorded increase of lead content in precipitation in 2003 probably originates from trans-boundary contributions, while increases in 2007 and onwards may come from Serbia's own emissions.