21 results on '"Aveta, T."'
Search Results
2. Responses of peripheral endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related compounds to hedonic eating in obesity
- Author
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Monteleone, A M, Di Marzo, V, Monteleone, P, Dalle Grave, R, Aveta, T, Ghoch, M El, Piscitelli, F, Volpe, U, Calugi, S, and Maj, M
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Palmitoylethanolamide normalizes intestinal motility in a model of post-inflammatory accelerated transit: involvement of CB1 receptors and TRPV1 channels
- Author
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CAPASSO, RAFFAELE, PAGANO, ESTER, BORRELLI, FRANCESCA, IZZO, ANGELO ANTONIO, Orlando P., Aveta T., Buono L., Di Marzo V., Capasso, Raffaele, Orlando, P., Pagano, Ester, Aveta, T., Buono, L., Borrelli, Francesca, Di Marzo, V., and Izzo, ANGELO ANTONIO
- Published
- 2014
4. Deranged endocannabinoid responses to hedonic eating in underweight and recently weight-restored patients with anorexia nervosa
- Author
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Monteleone AM, Di Marzo V, Aveta T, Piscitelli F, Dalle Grave R, Scognamiglio P, El Ghoch M, Calugi S, Monteleone P, and Maj M.
- Subjects
digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,endocannabinoids ,anorexia nervosa - Abstract
BACKGROUND: A dysregulation of reward mechanisms was suggested in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa (AN), but the role of the endogenous mediators of reward has been poorly investigated. Endocannabinoids, including anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and the endocannabinoid-related compounds oleoylethanolamide and palmitoylethanolamide modulate food-related and unrelated reward. Hedonic eating, which is the consumption of food just for pleasure and not homeostatic need, is a suitable paradigm to explore food-related reward. OBJECTIVE: We investigated responses of endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related compounds to hedonic eating in AN. DESIGN: Peripheral concentrations of anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, oleoylethanolamide, and palmitoylethanolamide were measured in 7 underweight and 7 weight-restored AN patients after eating favorite and nonfavorite foods in the condition of no homeostatic needs, and these measurements were compared with those of previously studied healthy control subjects. RESULTS: 1) In healthy controls, plasma 2-arachidonoylglycerol concentrations decreased after both types of meals but were significantly higher in hedonic eating; in underweight AN patients, 2-arachidonoylglycerol concentrations did not show specific time patterns after eating either favorite or nonfavorite foods, whereas in weight-restored patients, 2-arachidonoylglycerol concentrations showed similar increases with both types of meals. 2) Anandamide plasma concentrations exhibited no differences in their response patterns to hedonic eating in the groups. 3) Compared with 2-arachidonoylglycerol, palmitoylethanolamide concentrations exhibited an opposite response pattern to hedonic eating in healthy controls; this pattern was partially preserved in underweight AN patients but not in weight-restored ones. 4) Like palmitoylethanolamide, oleoylethanolamide plasma concentrations tended to be higher in nonhedonic eating than in hedonic eating in healthy controls; moreover, no difference between healthy subjects and AN patients was observed for food-intake-induced changes in oleoylethanolamide concentrations. CONCLUSION: These data confirm that endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related compounds are involved in food-related reward and suggest a dysregulation of their physiology in AN. This trial was registered at ISRCTN.org as ISRCTN64683774.
- Published
- 2015
5. Protective Effect of Palmitoylethanolamide, a Naturally Occurring Molecule, in a Rat Model of Cystitis
- Author
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Pessina, F., Capasso, R., Borrelli, F., Aveta, T., Buono, L., Valacchi, G., Fiorenzani, P., Di Marzo, V., Orlando, P., and Izzo, A. A.
- Subjects
palmidrol ,interstitial ,receptors ,cyclophosphamide ,cannabinoid ,urinary bladder ,cystitis - Published
- 2015
6. 1.Adelmidrol increases the endogenous concentrations of palmitoylethanolamide in canine keratinocytes and down-regulates an inflammatory reaction in an in vitro model of contact allergic dermatitis
- Author
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Petrosino S, Puigdemont A, Della Valle MF, Fusco M, Verde R, Allarà M, Aveta T, Orlando P, and Di Marzo V.
- Subjects
palmitoylethanolamide - Abstract
This study aimed to investigate potential new target(s)/mechanism(s) for the palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) analogue, adelmidrol, and its role in an in vitro model of contact allergic dermatitis. Freshly isolated canine keratinocytes, human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells and human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells, wild-type or transfected with cDNA encoding for N-acylethanolamine-hydrolysing acid amidase (NAAA), were treated with adelmidrol or azelaic acid, and the concentrations of endocannabinoids (anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol) and related mediators (PEA and oleoylethanolamide) were measured. The mRNA expression of PEA catabolic enzymes (NAAA and fatty acid amide hydrolase, FAAH), and biosynthetic enzymes (N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D, NAPE-PLD) and glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1, was also measured. Brain or HEK-293 cell membrane fractions were used to assess the ability of adelmidrol to inhibit FAAH and NAAA activity, respectively. HaCaT cells were stimulated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and the release of the pro-inflammatory chemokine, monocyte chemotactic protein-2 (MCP-2), was measured in the presence of adelmidrol. Adelmidrol increased PEA concentrations in canine keratinocytes and in the other cellular systems studied. It did not inhibit the activity of PEA catabolic enzymes, although it reduced their mRNA expression in some cell types. Adelmidrol modulated the expression of PEA biosynthetic enzyme, NAPE-PLD, in HaCaT cells, and inhibited the release of the pro-inflammatory chemokine MCP-2 from stimulated HaCaT cells. This study demonstrates for the first time an 'entourage effect' of adelmidrol on PEA concentrations in keratinocytes and suggests that this effect might mediate, at least in part, the anti-inflammatory effects of this compound in veterinary practice.
- Published
- 2015
7. Protective effect of palmitoylethanolamide, a naturally-occurring molecule, in a rat model of cystitis
- Author
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Pessina F, Capasso R, Borrelli F, Aveta T, Buono L, Valacchi G, Fiorenzani P, Di Marzo V, Orlando P, and Izzo AA.
- Subjects
lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,bladder ,bladder pain syndrome ,cancer ,cystitis ,palmitoylethanolamide - Abstract
PURPOSE: Palmitoylethanolamide is both an endogenous mediator released together with the endocannabinoid anandamide from membrane phospholipids, and a plant-derived compound with analgesic and antinflammatory properties. Here, we verified if the pathophysiology of experimental cystitis involves changes in the levels of palmitoylethanolamide and of some of its targets [i.e. cannabinoid (CB1 and CB2) receptors, and PPAR?] and if exogenous-administered palmitoylethanolamide can be proposed as a preventive measure for cystitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cystitis was induced by cyclophosphamide in female rats. Nociceptive responses, voiding episodes, gross damage, myeloperoxidase activity, bladder weight, bladder palmitoylethanolamide and endocannabinoid levels (measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry), and expression of palmitoylethanolamide targets (measured by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR) were recorded. RESULTS: Cyclophosphamide induced pain behaviour, bladder inflammation and voiding dysfunction associated to increased bladder levels of palmitoylethanolamide, up-regulation of CB1 receptors mRNA expression, down-regulation of PPAR? mRNA and no changes in CB2 receptor mRNA expression. Exogenously-administered ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide attenuated pain behaviour, voids and bladder gross damage. The CB1 antagonist rimonabant and the PPAR? antagonist GW6471 counteracted the beneficial effect of palmitoylethanolamide on gross damage. Additionally, GW6471 further decreased voiding episodes in palmitoylethanolamide-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides strong evidence for a protective role of palmitoylethanolamide as well as for alteration of bladder palmitoylethanolamide levels (and of some of its targets) in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Copyright © 2014 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2014
8. Palmitoylethanolamide normalizes intestinal motility in a murine model of post-inflammatory accelerated transit: involvement of CB1 receptors and TRPV1
- Author
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Capasso R, Orlando P, Pagano E, Aveta T, Buono L, Borrelli F, Di Marzo V, and Izzo AA.
- Subjects
cannabinoid receptors ,plant products ,transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) channels ,gastrointestinal motility: nutraceutical ,anandamide ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,palmitoylethanolamide ,irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) - Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a naturally-occurring acylethanolamide chemically related to the endocannabinoid anandamide, interacts with targets that have been identified in peripheral nerves controlling gastrointestinal motility, i.e. cannabinoid (CB1 and CB2 ) receptors, transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1), and peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor ? (PPAR?). Here, we investigated the effect of PEA in a mouse model of functional accelerated transit which persists after the resolution of colonic inflammation [(post-inflammatory irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)-like] EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Intestinal inflammation was induced by intracolonic administration of oil of mustard (OM). Mice were tested for motility and biochemical/molecular biology changes four weeks later. Palmitoylethanolamide, oleoylethanolamide and endocannabinoid levels were measured by chromatography-mass spectrometry, and receptor and enzyme mRNA expression by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. KEY RESULTS: OM induced transient colitis and a functional post-inflammatory increase in upper gastrointestinal transit which was associated to elevation of intestinal anandamide (but not 2-arachidonoylglycerol, palmitoylethanolamide or oleoylethanolamide) levels and down-regulation of TRPV1 mRNA expression. Exogenous ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide counteracted OM-induced increase in transit and tended to increase anandamide levels. Palmitic acid had a weaker effect on transit. The inhibitory effect of palmitoylethanolamide on transit was counteracted by rimonabant (CB1 receptor antagonist), further increased by 5'-iodoresiniferatoxin (I-RTX, TRPV1 antagonist) and not significantly modified by the PPAR? antagonist GW6471. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Intestinal endocannabinoid and TRPV1 dysregulation were detected in a functional model of accelerated transit modeling some aspects of post-inflammatory IBS. Palmitoylethanolamide counteracted the accelerated transit, the effect being mediated by CB1 receptors (possibly via increased anandamide levels) and modulated by TRPV1 channels. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2014
9. P.1.c.007 Prenatal influences facilitate the precipitation of a schizophrenia-like phenotype: assessing the role of the endocannabinoid system
- Author
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Stark, T., primary, Kucerova, J., additional, Pekarik, V., additional, Iannotti, F.A., additional, Aveta, T., additional, Tabiova, K., additional, Drago, F., additional, Di Marzo, V., additional, Sulcova, A., additional, and Micale, V., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Prenatal influences facilitate the precipitation of a schizophrenia-like phenotype: assessing the role of the endocannabinoid system
- Author
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Stark, T., Kucerova, J., Pekarik, V., Iannotti, F. A., Aveta, T., Tabiova, K., Drago, Filippo, Di Marzo, V., Sulcova, A., and Micale, Vincenzo
11. Protective Effect of Palmitoylethanolamide in a Rat Model of Cystitis
- Author
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Francesca Borrelli, Lorena Buono, Teresa Aveta, Pierangelo Orlando, Federica Pessina, Raffaele Capasso, Angelo A. Izzo, Vincenzo Di Marzo, Giuseppe Valacchi, Paolo Fiorenzani, Pessina, F, Capasso, Raffaele, Borrelli, Francesca, Aveta, T, Buono, L, Valacchi, G, Fiorenzani, P, Di Marzo, V, Orlando, P, and Izzo, ANGELO ANTONIO
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Cannabinoid receptor ,Cyclophosphamide ,Urology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Wistar ,receptors ,cannabinoid ,cyclophosphamide ,cystitis ,interstitial ,palmidrol ,urinary bladder ,Animals ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ,Cystitis ,Disease Models, Animal ,Ethanolamines ,Female ,Palmitic Acids ,Rats ,Rats, Wistar ,NO ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Internal medicine ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Palmitoylethanolamide ,Urinary bladder ,Animal ,business.industry ,food and beverages ,Anandamide ,Endogenous mediator ,Amides ,Endocannabinoid system ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Disease Models ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Cannabinoid ,Non-Steroidal ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Purpose PEA is an endogenous mediator released together with the endocannabinoid anandamide from membrane phospholipids. It is a plant derived compound with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. We verified whether the pathophysiology of experimental cystitis involves changes in the levels of PEA and of some of its targets, ie CB1 and CB2 receptors, and PPAR?. We also determined whether exogenously administered PEA could be proposed as a preventive measure for cystitis. Materials and Methods Cystitis was induced by cyclophosphamide in female rats. Nociceptive responses, voiding episodes, gross damage, myeloperoxidase activity, bladder weight, bladder PEA and endocannabinoid levels (measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) and the expression of PEA targets (measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) were recorded. Results Cyclophosphamide induced pain behavior, bladder inflammation and voiding dysfunction associated with increased bladder levels of PEA, up-regulation of CB1 receptor mRNA expression, down-regulation of PPAR? mRNA and no change in CB2 receptor mRNA expression. Exogenously administered, ultramicronized PEA attenuated pain behavior, voids and bladder gross damage. The CB1 antagonist rimonabant and the PPAR? antagonist GW6471 counteracted the beneficial effect of PEA on gross damage. Also, GW6471 further decreased voiding episodes in rats treated with PEA. Conclusions The current study provides strong evidence for a protective role of PEA as well as an alteration in bladder levels of PEA and of some of its targets in cyclophosphamide induced cystitis.
- Published
- 2015
12. Erratum to: Responses of peripheral endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid‑related compounds to hedonic eating in obesity
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Alessio Maria Monteleone, Vincenzo Di Marzo, Palmiero Monteleone, Riccardo Dalle Grave, Teresa Aveta, Marwan El Ghoch, Fabiana Piscitelli, Umberto Volpe, Simona Calugi, Mario Maj, Monteleone, Am, Di Marzo, V, Monteleone, P, Dalle Grave, R, Aveta, T, El Ghoch, M, Piscitelli, F, Volpe, Umberto, Calugi, S, and Maj, Mario
- Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics ,Medicine (miscellaneous) - Published
- 2016
13. Responses of peripheral endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related compounds to hedonic eating in obesity
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Palmiero Monteleone, R. Dalle Grave, M. El Ghoch, Alessio Maria Monteleone, Umberto Volpe, V. Di Marzo, Teresa Aveta, Mario Maj, Simona Calugi, Fabiana Piscitelli, Monteleone, Am, Di Marzo, V, Monteleone, P, Dalle Grave, R, Aveta, T, Ghoch, Me, Piscitelli, F, Volpe, Umberto, Calugi, S, and Maj, Mario
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Oleic Acids ,Body Mass Index ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Oleoylethanolamide ,0302 clinical medicine ,Ingestion ,Food science ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Anandamide ,Middle Aged ,Endocannabinoid system ,Peripheral ,Ethanolamines ,Female ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Dietary Proteins ,Nutritive Value ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Polyunsaturated Alkamides ,Hedonic eating ,Arachidonic Acids ,Palmitic Acids ,Satiation ,Glycerides ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Reward ,Internal medicine ,Dietary Carbohydrates ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,Endocannabinoid ,Palmitoylethanolamide ,business.industry ,Feeding Behavior ,Plasma levels ,medicine.disease ,Amides ,Dietary Fats ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Energy Intake ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Endocannabinoids - Abstract
Purpose: Hedonic eating occurs independently from homeostatic needs prompting the ingestion of pleasurable foods that are typically rich in fat, sugar and/or salt content. In normal weight healthy subjects, we found that before hedonic eating, plasma levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) were higher than before nonhedonic eating, and although they progressively decreased after food ingestion in both eating conditions, they were significantly higher in hedonic eating. Plasma levels of anandamide (AEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), instead, progressively decreased in both eating conditions without significant differences. In this study, we investigated the responses of AEA, 2-AG, OEA and PEA to hedonic eating in obese individuals. Methods: Peripheral levels of AEA, 2-AG, OEA and PEA were measured in 14 obese patients after eating favourite (hedonic eating) and non-favourite (nonhedonic eating) foods in conditions of no homeostatic needs. Results: Plasma levels of 2-AG increased after eating the favourite food, whereas they decreased after eating the non-favourite food, with the production of the endocannabinoid being significantly enhanced in hedonic eating. Plasma levels of AEA decreased progressively in nonhedonic eating, whereas they showed a decrease after the exposure to the favourite food followed by a return to baseline values after eating it. No significant differences emerged in plasma OEA and PEA responses to favourite and non-favourite food. Conclusion: Present findings compared with those obtained in our previously studied normal weight healthy subjects suggest deranged responses of endocannabinoids to food-related reward in obesity.
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- 2016
14. Exercise training and high-fat diet elicit endocannabinoid system modifications in the rat hypothalamus and hippocampus.
- Author
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Gamelin FX, Aucouturier J, Iannotti FA, Piscitelli F, Mazzarella E, Aveta T, Leriche M, Dupont E, Cieniewski-Bernard C, Leclair E, Bastide B, Di Marzo V, and Heyman E
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- Animals, Energy Intake, Gene Expression, Male, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Rats, Wistar, Receptors, Cannabinoid genetics, Receptors, Cannabinoid metabolism, Diet, High-Fat, Endocannabinoids metabolism, Hippocampus metabolism, Hypothalamus metabolism
- Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of chronic exercise on the hypothalamus and hippocampus levels of the endocannabinoids (eCBs) anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and of two AEA congeners and on the expression of genes coding for CB1, CB2 receptors (Cnr1 and Cnr2, respectively), and the enzymes responsible for eCB biosynthesis and degradation, in rats fed with a standard or high-fat diet. Male Wistar rats (n = 28) were placed on a 12-week high-fat (HFD) or standard diet period, followed by 12 weeks of exercise training for half of each group. Tissue levels of eCBs and related lipids were measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and expression of genes coding for CB1 and CB2 receptors and eCB metabolic enzymes was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). HFD induced a significant increase in 2-AG (p < 0.01) in hypothalamus. High-fat diet paired with exercise training had no effect on AEA, 2-AG, and AEA congener levels in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Cnr1 expression levels were significantly increased in the hippocampus in response to HFD, exercise, and the combination of both (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that eCB signaling in the CNS is sensitive to diet and/or exercise.
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- 2016
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15. Erratum to: Responses of peripheral endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid‑related compounds to hedonic eating in obesity.
- Author
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Monteleone AM, Di Marzo V, Monteleone P, Dalle Grave R, Aveta T, El Ghoch M, Piscitelli F, Volpe U, Calugi S, and Maj M
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Effects of chronic exercise on the endocannabinoid system in Wistar rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity.
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Gamelin FX, Aucouturier J, Iannotti FA, Piscitelli F, Mazzarella E, Aveta T, Leriche M, Dupont E, Cieniewski-Bernard C, Montel V, Bastide B, Di Marzo V, and Heyman E
- Subjects
- Amides, Animals, Arachidonic Acids metabolism, Body Composition, Diet, High-Fat adverse effects, Ethanolamines metabolism, Glycerides metabolism, Hyperglycemia etiology, Hyperglycemia prevention & control, Intra-Abdominal Fat metabolism, Male, Muscle, Skeletal metabolism, Obesity etiology, Obesity metabolism, Obesity physiopathology, Oleic Acids metabolism, Organ Specificity, Palmitic Acids metabolism, Polyunsaturated Alkamides metabolism, Rats, Wistar, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 agonists, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 genetics, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 agonists, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 genetics, Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal metabolism, TRPV Cation Channels agonists, TRPV Cation Channels genetics, Weight Gain, Endocannabinoids metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Motor Activity, Obesity therapy, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 metabolism, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 metabolism, TRPV Cation Channels metabolism
- Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is dysregulated during obesity in tissues involved in the control of food intake and energy metabolism. We examined the effect of chronic exercise on the tissue levels of endocannabinoids (eCBs) and on the expression of genes coding for cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) (Cnr1 and Cnr2, respectively) in the subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissues and in the soleus and extensor digitorim longus (EDL) muscles, in rats fed with standard or high-fat diet. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were placed on high-fat diet or standard diet (HFD and Ctl groups, respectively) during 12 weeks whereafter half of each group was submitted to an exercise training period of 12 weeks (HFD + training and Ctl + training). Tissue levels of eCBs were measured by LC-MS while expressions of genes coding for CB1 and CB2 receptors were investigated by qPCR. High-fat diet induced an increase in anandamide (AEA) levels in soleus and EDL (p < 0.02). In soleus of the HFD group, these changes were accompanied by elevated Cnr1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels (p < 0.05). In EDL, exercise training allowed to reduce significantly this diet-induced AEA increase (p < 0.005). 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) levels were decreased and increased by high-fat diet in SAT and EDL, respectively (p < 0.04), but not affected by exercise training. Unlike the HFD + training group, 2-AG levels in soleus were also decreased in the HFD group compared to Ctl (p < 0.04). The levels of eCBs and Cnr1 expression are altered in a tissue-specific manner following a high-fat diet, and chronic exercise reverses some of these alterations.
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- 2016
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17. Circulating Endocannabinoids and the Polymorphism 385C>A in Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) Gene May Identify the Obesity Phenotype Related to Cardiometabolic Risk: A Study Conducted in a Brazilian Population of Complex Interethnic Admixture.
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Martins CJ, Genelhu V, Pimentel MM, Celoria BM, Mangia RF, Aveta T, Silvestri C, Di Marzo V, and Francischetti EA
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- Adiponectin blood, Adult, Amides, Anthropometry, Arachidonic Acids blood, Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, Brazil, Ethanolamines blood, Ethnicity, Female, Genotype, Glycerides blood, Homeostasis, Homozygote, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Oleic Acids blood, Palmitic Acids blood, Phenotype, Polyunsaturated Alkamides blood, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Amidohydrolases genetics, Endocannabinoids blood, Obesity ethnology, Obesity genetics, Polymorphism, Genetic
- Abstract
The dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system is associated with cardiometabolic complications of obesity. Allelic variants in coding genes for this system components may contribute to differences in the susceptibility to obesity and related health hazards. These data have mostly been shown in Caucasian populations and in severely obese individuals. We investigated a multiethnic Brazilian population to study the relationships among the polymorphism 385C>A in an endocannabinoid degrading enzyme gene (FAAH), endocannabinoid levels and markers of cardiometabolic risk. Fasting plasma levels of endocannabinoids and congeners (anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, N-oleoylethanolamide and N-palmitoylethanolamide) were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in 200 apparently healthy individuals of both genders with body mass indices from 22.5 ± 1.8 to 35.9 ± 5.5 kg/m2 (mean ± 1 SD) and ages between 18 and 60 years. All were evaluated for anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, metabolic variables, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein, and genotyping. The endocannabinoid levels increased as a function of obesity and insulin resistance. The homozygous genotype AA was associated with higher levels of anandamide and lower levels of adiponectin versus wild homozygous CC and heterozygotes combined. The levels of anandamide were independent and positively associated with the genotype AA position 385 of FAAH, C-reactive protein levels and body mass index. Our findings provide evidence for an endocannabinoid-related phenotype that may be identified by the combination of circulating anandamide levels with genotyping of the FAAH 385C>A; this phenotype is not exclusive to mono-ethnoracial populations nor to individuals with severe obesity.
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- 2015
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18. Anticipatory and consummatory effects of (hedonic) chocolate intake are associated with increased circulating levels of the orexigenic peptide ghrelin and endocannabinoids in obese adults.
- Author
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Rigamonti AE, Piscitelli F, Aveta T, Agosti F, De Col A, Bini S, Cella SG, Di Marzo V, and Sartorio A
- Abstract
Background: Hedonic hunger refers to consumption of food just for pleasure and not to maintain energy homeostasis. Recently, consumption of food for pleasure was reported to be associated with increased circulating levels of both the orexigenic peptide ghrelin and the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) in normal-weight subjects. To date, the effects of hedonic hunger, and in particular of chocolate craving, on these mediators in obese subjects are still unknown., Methods: To explore the role of some gastrointestinal orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides and endocannabinoids (and some related congeners) in chocolate consumption, we measured changes in circulating levels of ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), anandamide (AEA), 2-AG, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) in 10 satiated severely obese subjects after consumption of chocolate and, on a separate day, of a non-palatable isocaloric food with the same bromatologic composition. Evaluation of hunger and satiety was also performed by visual analogic scale., Results: The anticipatory phase and the consumption of food for pleasure were associated with increased circulating levels of ghrelin, AEA, 2-AG, and OEA. In contrast, the levels of GLP-1, PYY, and PEA did not differ before and after the exposure/ingestion of either chocolate or non-palatable foods. Hunger and satiety were higher and lower, respectively, in the hedonic session than in the non-palatable one., Conclusions: When motivation to eat is generated by exposure to, and consumption of, chocolate a peripheral activation of specific endogenous rewarding chemical signals, including ghrelin, AEA, and 2-AG, is observed in obese subjects. Although preliminary, these findings predict the effectiveness of ghrelin and endocannabinoid antagonists in the treatment of obesity.
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- 2015
- Full Text
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19. Protective effect of palmitoylethanolamide in a rat model of cystitis.
- Author
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Pessina F, Capasso R, Borrelli F, Aveta T, Buono L, Valacchi G, Fiorenzani P, Di Marzo V, Orlando P, and Izzo AA
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- Amides, Animals, Cyclophosphamide, Cystitis chemically induced, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal therapeutic use, Cystitis prevention & control, Ethanolamines therapeutic use, Palmitic Acids therapeutic use
- Abstract
Purpose: PEA is an endogenous mediator released together with the endocannabinoid anandamide from membrane phospholipids. It is a plant derived compound with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. We verified whether the pathophysiology of experimental cystitis involves changes in the levels of PEA and of some of its targets, ie CB1 and CB2 receptors, and PPARα. We also determined whether exogenously administered PEA could be proposed as a preventive measure for cystitis., Materials and Methods: Cystitis was induced by cyclophosphamide in female rats. Nociceptive responses, voiding episodes, gross damage, myeloperoxidase activity, bladder weight, bladder PEA and endocannabinoid levels (measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) and the expression of PEA targets (measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) were recorded., Results: Cyclophosphamide induced pain behavior, bladder inflammation and voiding dysfunction associated with increased bladder levels of PEA, up-regulation of CB1 receptor mRNA expression, down-regulation of PPARα mRNA and no change in CB2 receptor mRNA expression. Exogenously administered, ultramicronized PEA attenuated pain behavior, voids and bladder gross damage. The CB1 antagonist rimonabant and the PPARα antagonist GW6471 counteracted the beneficial effect of PEA on gross damage. Also, GW6471 further decreased voiding episodes in rats treated with PEA., Conclusions: The current study provides strong evidence for a protective role of PEA as well as an alteration in bladder levels of PEA and of some of its targets in cyclophosphamide induced cystitis., (Copyright © 2015 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Deficiency of cannabinoid receptor of type 2 worsens renal functional and structural abnormalities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.
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Barutta F, Grimaldi S, Franco I, Bellini S, Gambino R, Pinach S, Corbelli A, Bruno G, Rastaldi MP, Aveta T, Hirsch E, Di Marzo V, and Gruden G
- Subjects
- Acetylglucosamine urine, Albuminuria etiology, Albuminuria metabolism, Animals, Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cell Line, Cell Proliferation, Chemokine CCL2 metabolism, Chemotaxis, Leukocyte, Creatinine blood, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental genetics, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental pathology, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental physiopathology, Diabetic Nephropathies genetics, Diabetic Nephropathies metabolism, Diabetic Nephropathies pathology, Diabetic Nephropathies physiopathology, Extracellular Matrix metabolism, Female, Kidney Glomerulus pathology, Kidney Glomerulus physiopathology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Monocytes metabolism, Podocytes metabolism, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 genetics, Receptors, CCR2 metabolism, Time Factors, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental complications, Diabetic Nephropathies etiology, Kidney Glomerulus metabolism, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 deficiency, Streptozocin
- Abstract
A functionally active endocannabinoid system is present within the kidney. The cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) is expressed by both inflammatory cells and podocytes, and its activation has beneficial effects in experimental diabetic nephropathy. To further explore the role of CB2 in diabetic nephropathy, we studied renal functional and structural abnormalities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic CB2 knockout mice. In diabetic mice, deletion of the CB2 receptor albuminuria, the downregulation of podocin and nephrin, mesangial expansion, overexpression of extracellular matrix components, monocyte infiltration, and reduced renal function were all exacerbated. To investigate the relative contributions of podocytes and monocytes to the phenotype of diabetic knockout mice, bone marrow transplantation experiments were performed. The lack of CB2 on bone marrow-derived cells was shown to be important in driving the enhanced glomerular monocyte accrual found in diabetic knockout mice. Absence of CB2 on resident glomerular cells had a major role in worsening diabetic nephropathy, both functional and structural abnormalities, likely by enhanced MCP-1 and CB1 signaling. Studies in cultured podocytes demonstrated that CB2 expression is not altered by a high glucose milieu but is downregulated by mechanical stretch, mimicking glomerular capillary hypertension. Thus, CB2 deletion worsens diabetic nephropathy, independent of bone marrow-derived cells.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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21. Palmitoylethanolamide normalizes intestinal motility in a model of post-inflammatory accelerated transit: involvement of CB₁ receptors and TRPV1 channels.
- Author
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Capasso R, Orlando P, Pagano E, Aveta T, Buono L, Borrelli F, Di Marzo V, and Izzo AA
- Subjects
- Amides, Animals, Colitis chemically induced, Colitis metabolism, Ethanolamines administration & dosage, Ethanolamines antagonists & inhibitors, Inflammation chemically induced, Inflammation drug therapy, Inflammation metabolism, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Irritable Bowel Syndrome chemically induced, Irritable Bowel Syndrome metabolism, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred ICR, Mustard Plant, Palmitic Acids administration & dosage, Palmitic Acids antagonists & inhibitors, Piperidines pharmacology, Plant Oils administration & dosage, Pyrazoles pharmacology, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 metabolism, Rimonabant, TRPV Cation Channels genetics, TRPV Cation Channels metabolism, Colitis drug therapy, Disease Models, Animal, Ethanolamines pharmacology, Gastrointestinal Motility drug effects, Irritable Bowel Syndrome drug therapy, Palmitic Acids pharmacology, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 antagonists & inhibitors, TRPV Cation Channels antagonists & inhibitors
- Abstract
Background and Purpose: Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a naturally occurring acylethanolamide chemically related to the endocannabinoid anandamide, interacts with targets that have been identified in peripheral nerves controlling gastrointestinal motility, such as cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, TRPV1 channels and PPARα. Here, we investigated the effect of PEA in a mouse model of functional accelerated transit which persists after the resolution of colonic inflammation (post-inflammatory irritable bowel syndrome)., Experimental Approach: Intestinal inflammation was induced by intracolonic administration of oil of mustard (OM). Mice were tested for motility and biochemical and molecular biology changes 4 weeks later. PEA, oleoylethanolamide and endocannabinoid levels were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and receptor and enzyme mRNA expression by qRT-PCR., Key Results: OM induced transient colitis and a functional post-inflammatory increase in upper gastrointestinal transit, associated with increased intestinal anandamide (but not 2-arachidonoylglycerol, PEA or oleoylethanolamide) levels and down-regulation of mRNA for TRPV1 channels. Exogenous PEA inhibited the OM-induced increase in transit and tended to increase anandamide levels. Palmitic acid had a weaker effect on transit. Inhibition of transit by PEA was blocked by rimonabant (CB1 receptor antagonist), further increased by 5'-iodoresiniferatoxin (TRPV1 antagonist) and not significantly modified by the PPARα antagonist GW6471., Conclusions and Implications: Intestinal endocannabinoids and TRPV1 channel were dysregulated in a functional model of accelerated transit exhibiting aspects of post-inflammatory irritable bowel syndrome. PEA counteracted the accelerated transit, the effect being mediated by CB1 receptors (possibly via increased anandamide levels) and modulated by TRPV1 channels., (© 2014 The British Pharmacological Society.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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