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1. Unveiling two expanding stellar groups formed through violent relaxation in The Lagoon Nebula Cluster

Author

Bonilla-Barroso, A., Ballesteros-Paredes, J., Hernández, J., Aguilar, L., and Zamora-Avilés, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The current kinematic state of young stellar clusters can give clues on their actual dynamical state and origin. In this contribution, we use Gaia DR3 data of the Lagoon Nebula Cluster (LNC) to show that the cluster is composed of two expanding groups, likely formed from different molecular cloud clumps. We find no evidence of massive stars having larger velocity dispersion than low-mass stars or being spatially segregated across the LNC, as a whole, or within the Primary group. However, the Secondary group, with 1/5th of the stars, exhibits intriguing features. On the one hand, it shows a bipolar nature, with an aspect ratio of $\sim$3:1. In addition, the massive stars in this group exhibit larger velocity dispersion than the low-mass stars, although they are not concentrated towards the center of the group. This suggests that this group may have undergone dynamical relaxation, first, and some explosive event afterward. However, further observations and numerical work have to be performed to confirm this hypothesis. The results of this work suggest that, although stellar clusters may form by the global and hierarchical collapse of their parent clump, still some dynamical relaxation may take place., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2024

3. The stellar population responsible for a kiloparsec size superbubble seen in the JWST 'phantom' images of NGC628

Author

Mayya, Y. D., Alzate, J. A., Lomelí-Núñez, L., Zaragoza-Cardiel, J., Gómez-González, V. M. A., Silich, S., Fernández-Arenas, D., Vega, O., Ovando, P. A., Rodríguez, L. H., Rosa-González, D., Luna, A., Zamora-Avilés, M., and Rosales-Ortega, F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We here study the multi-band properties of a kiloparsec-size superbubble in the late-type spiral galaxy NGC628. The superbubble is the largest of many holes seen in the early release images using JWST/MIRI filters that trace the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions. The superbubble is located in the interarm region ~3 kpc from the galactic center in the south-east direction. The shell surrounding the superbubble is detected in HI, CO, and Halpha with an expansion velocity of 12 km/s, and contains as much as 2x10^7 Msun of mass in gas that is mostly in molecular form. We find a clear excess of blue, bright stars inside the bubble as compared to the surrounding disk on the HST/ACS images. These excess blue, bright stars are part of a stellar population of 10^5 Msun mass that is formed over the last 50 Myr in different star formation episodes, as determined from an analysis of color-magnitude diagrams using a Bayesian technique. The mechanical power injected by the massive stars of these populations is sufficient to provide the energy necessary for the expansion of the shell gas. Slow and steady, rather than violent, injection of energy is probably the reason for the maintenance of the shell structure over the kiloparsec scale. The expanding shell is currently the site for triggered star formation as inferred from the JWST 21 micron (F2100W filter) and the Halpha images., Comment: 18 pages, Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2023
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4. Sinterización por SPS de polvos ultrafinos de TiCxN1-x obtenidos mediante reacciones de autopropagación inducidas mecánicamente

Author

Gotor, F. J., Avilés, M. A., Córdoba, J. M., Borrell, A., Fernandez, A., and Torrecillas, R.

Subjects
Ti(C, N), mechanically induced self sustaining reaction (MSR), spark plasma sintering (SPS), microstructure, mechanical properties, reacciones auto-propagadas inducidas mecánicamente (MSR), sinterización por descarga de plasma (SPS), microestructura, propiedades mecánicas, Clay industries. Ceramics. Glass, TP785-869
Abstract

In this work high purity and nanometer character titanium carbonitride TiCxN1-x powders were obtained by mechanically induced self sustaining reaction (MSR) in a high-energy planetary ball mill, from a mixture of titanium with graphite or carbon nanofiber (CNFs) in a nitrogen atmosphere. A promising method for developing these materials is the coupling of the MSR with SPS sintering technique. The product is sintered at 1400 ºC and 1700 ºC, obtaining a completely dense monolithic ceramic ( > 99% t.d). In this work, the influence of SPS treatment and carbon precursor on material microstructures was studied and the main mechanical properties of the end material were evaluated.En el presente trabajo se han obtenido carbonitruros de titanio TiCxN1-x de alta pureza y con carácter nanométrico, por molienda reactiva (MSR) de alta energía en un molino planetario, a partir de la mezcla de titanio con grafito o nanofibras de carbono (CNFs) en una atmósfera de nitrógeno. Una metodología prometedora para el desarrollo de estos materiales consiste en el acoplamiento de la técnica MSR con el sinterizado por SPS. El producto obtenido se ha sinterizado a 1400 ºC y 1700 ºC, obteniéndose una cerámica monolítica totalmente densa ( > 99% d.t). En este trabajo se analizan las distintas microestructuras obtenidas en función del precursor de carbono y el tratamiento de SPS, evaluando las principales propiedades mecánicas de los materiales resultantes.

Published
2010

6. Luxemburg, Rosa

Author

Avilés, M. Carmen Barranco, Sellers, Mortimer, Series Editor, Barbas Homem, António Pedro, Editorial Board Member, Martyn, Georges, Series Editor, Conte, Emmanuele, Editorial Board Member, di Renzo Villata, Maria Gigliola, Editorial Board Member, Dubber, Markus Dirk, Editorial Board Member, Ewald, William, Editorial Board Member, Filippov, Igor, Editorial Board Member, Kessler, Amalia, Editorial Board Member, Korpiola, Mia, Editorial Board Member, Masferrer, Aniceto, Editorial Board Member, Morigiwa, Yasutomo, Editorial Board Member, Müßig, Ulrike, Editorial Board Member, Soleil, Sylvain, Editorial Board Member, Whitman, James Q., Editorial Board Member, Zanetti, Gianfrancesco, editor, and Kirste, Stephan, editor

Published
2023
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7. Luxemburg, Rosa

Author

Barranco Avilés, M. Carmen, Zanetti, Gianfrancesco, Section editor, Sellers, Mortimer, editor, and Kirste, Stephan, editor

Published
2023
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8. Performance of Large Area Picosecond Photo-Detectors (LAPPD)

Author

Lyashenko, A. V., Adams, B. W., Aviles, M., Cremer, T., Ertley, C. D., Foley, M. R., Minot, M. J., Popecki, M. A., Stochaj, M. E., Worstell, W. A., Elam, J. W., Mane, A. U., Siegmund, O. H. W., Frisch, H. J., Elagin, A. L., Angelico, E., and Spieglan, E.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

We report on performance results achieved for recently produced LAPPDs - largest comercially available planar geometry photodetectors based on microchannel plates. These results include electron gains of up to $10^{7}$, low dark noise rates ($\sim$100 Hz/cm$^{2}$ at a gain of $6\cdot10^6$), single photoelectron (PE) timing resolution of $\sim$50 picoseconds RMS (electronics limited), and single photoelectron spatial resolution along and across strips of 3.2mm (electronics limited) and 0.8 mm RMS respectively and high (about 25\% or higher in some units) QE uniform bi-alkali photocathodes. LAPPDs is a good candidate to be employed in neutrino experiments (e.g. ANNIE, WATCHMAN, DUNE), particle collider experiments (e.g. EIC), neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments (e.g. THEIA), medical and nuclear non-proliferation applications., Comment: accepted for publication at NIMA

Published
2019
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24. Active animal health surveillance in European Union Member States : gaps and opportunities

Author

BISDORFF, B., SCHAUER, B., TAYLOR, N., RODRÍGUEZ-PRIETO, V., COMIN, A., BROUWER, A., DÓREA, F., DREWE, J., HOINVILLE, L., LINDBERG, A., AVILÉS, M. MARTINEZ, LÓPEZ, B. MARTÍNEZ, PEYRE, M., FERREIRA, J. PINTO, RUSHTON, J., VAN SCHAIK, G., STÄRK, K. D. C., STAUBACH, C., VICENTE-RUBIANO, M., WITTEVEEN, G., PFEIFFER, D., and HÄSLER, B.

Published
2017

25. Insights of Active Extension Within a Collisional Orogen From GNSS (Central Betic Cordillera, S Spain)

Author

Martin‐Rojas, I., primary, Alfaro, P., additional, Galindo‐Zaldivar, J., additional, Borque‐Arancón, M. J., additional, García‐Tortosa, F. J., additional, Sanz de Galdeano, C., additional, Avilés, M., additional, Sánchez‐Alzola, A., additional, González‐Castillo, L., additional, Ruano, P., additional, Medina‐Cascales, I., additional, Tendero‐Salmerón, V., additional, Madarieta‐Txurruka, A., additional, Pedrosa‐González, M. T., additional, and Gil‐Cruz, A. J., additional

Published
2023
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28. Outline of an Autonomy Framework for Space Mobile Robots

Author

Medina, A., Bidaux-Sokolowski, A., Binet, G., Avilés, M., Ocón, J., Ceballos, A., Colmenarejo, P., Rowiński, Paweł, Editor-in-chief, Banaszkiewicz, Marek, Series editor, Pempkowiak, Janusz, Series editor, Lewandowski, Marek, Series editor, Sarna, Marek, Series editor, and Sąsiadek, Jerzy, editor

Published
2015
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30. The stellar population responsible for a kiloparsec-size superbubble seen in the JWST ‘phantom’ images of NGC 628

Author

Mayya, Y D, primary, Alzate, J A, additional, Lomelí-Núez, L, additional, Zaragoza-Cardiel, J, additional, Gómez-González, V M A, additional, Silich, S, additional, Fernández-Arenas, D, additional, Vega, O, additional, Ovando, P A, additional, Rodríguez, L H, additional, Rosa-González, D, additional, Luna, A, additional, Zamora-Avilés, M, additional, and Rosales-Ortega, F, additional

Published
2023
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32. Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331 288 participants

Author

Danaei, G, Fahimi, S, Lu, Y, Zhou, B, Hajifathalian, K, Di Cesare, M, Lo, WC, Reis-Santos, B, Cowan, MJ, Shaw, JE, Bentham, J, Lin, JK, Bixby, H, Magliano, D, Bovet, P, Miranda, JJ, Khang, YH, Stevens, GA, Riley, LM, Ali, MK, Ezzati, M, Abdeen, ZA, Kadir, KA, Abu-Rmeileh, M, Acosta-Cazares, B, Aekplakorn, W, Aguilar-Salinas, CA, Ahmadvand, A, Al Nsour, M, Alkerwi, A, Amouyel, P, Andersen, LB, Anderssen, SA, Andrade, DS, Anjana, RM, Aounallah-Skhiri, H, Aris, T, Arlappa, N, Arveiler, D, Assah, FK, Avdicová, M, Balakrishna, N, Bandosz, P, Barbagallo, CM, Barceló, A, Batieha, AM, Baur, LA, Ben Romdhane, H, Bernabe-Ortiz, A, Bhargava, SK, Bi, Y, Bjerregaard, P, Björkelund, C, Blake, M, Blokstra, A, Bo, S, Boehm, BO, Boissonnet, CP, Brajkovich, I, Breckenkamp, J, Brewster, LM, Brian, GR, Bruno, G, Bugge, A, Cabrera de León, A, Can, G, Cândido, AP, Capuano, V, Carvalho, MJ, Casanueva, FF, Caserta, CA, Castetbon, K, Chamukuttan, S, Chaturvedi, N, Chen, CJ, Chen, F, Chen, S, Cheng, CY, Chetrit, A, Chiou, ST, Cho, Y, Chudek, J, Cifkova, R, Claessens, F, Concin, H, Cooper, C, Cooper, R, Costanzo, S, Cottel, D, Cowell, C, Crujeiras, AB, D'Arrigo, G, Dallongeville, J, Dankner, R, Dauchet, L, de Gaetano, G, De Henauw, S, Deepa, M, Dehghan, A, Dhana, K, Di Castelnuovo, AF, Djalalinia, S, Doua, K, Drygas, W, Du, Y, Egbagbe, EE, Eggertsen, R, El Ati, J, Elosua, R, Erasmus, RT, Erem, C, Ergor, G, Eriksen, L, Escobedo-de la Peña, J, Fall, CH, Farzadfar, F, Felix-Redondo, FJ, Ferguson, TS, Fernández-Bergés, D, Ferrari, M, Ferreccio, C, Finn, JD, Föger, B, Foo, LH, Fouad, HM, Francis, DK, Franco Mdo, C, Frontera, G, Furusawa, T, Gaciong, Z, Galbarczyk, A, Garnett, SP, Gaspoz, JM, Gasull, M, Gates, L, Geleijnse, JM, Ghasemain, A, Giampaoli, S, Gianfagna, F, Giovannelli, J, Gonzalez Gross, M, González Rivas, JP, Gorbea, MB, Gottrand, F, Grant, JF, Grodzicki, T, Grøntved, A, Gruden, G, Gu, D, Guan, OP, Guerrero, R, Guessous, I, Guimaraes, AL, Gutierrez, L, Hardy, R, Hari Kumar, R, Heidemann, C, Hihtaniemi, IT, Ho, SY, Ho, SC, Hofman, A, Horimoto, AR, Hormiga, CM, Horta, BL, Houti, L, Hussieni, AS, Huybrechts, I, Hwalla, N, Iacoviello, L, Iannone, AG, Ibrahim, MM, Ikeda, N, Ikram, MA, Irazola, VE, Islam, M, Iwasaki, M, Jacobs, JM, Jafar, T, Jasienska, G, Jiang, CQ, Jonas, JB, Joshi, P, Kafatos, A, Kalter-Leibovici, O, Kasaeian, A, Katz, J, Kaur, P, Kavousi, M, Kelishadi, R, Kengne, AP, Kersting, M, Khader, YS, Kiechl, S, Kim, J, Kiyohara, Y, Kolsteren, P, Korrovits, P, Koskinen, S, Kratzer, W, Kromhout, D, Kula, K, Kurjata, P, Kyobutungi, C, Lachat, C, Laid, Y, Lam, TH, Lanska, V, Lappas, G, Laxmaiah, A, Leclercq, C, Lee, J, Lehtimäki, T, Lekhraj, R, León-Muñoz, LM, Li, Y, Lim, WY, Lima-Costa, MF, Lin, HH, Lin, X, Lissner, L, Lorbeer, R, Lozano, JE, Lundqvist, A, Lytsy, P, Ma, G, Machado-Coelho, GL, Machi, S, Maggi, S, Makdisse, M, Mallikharjuna v, K, Manios, Y, Manzato, E, Margozzini, P, Marques-Vidal, P, Martorell, R, Masoodi, SR, Matsha, TE, Mbanya, JC, McFarlane, SR, McGarvey, ST, McLachlan, S, McNulty, BA, Mediene-Benchekor, S, Meirhaeghe, A, Menezes, AM, Merat, S, Meshram, II, Mi, J, Miquel, JF, Mohamed, MK, Mohammad, K, Mohan, V, Mohd Yusoff, MF, Møller, NC, Molnar, D, Mondo, CK, Moreno, LA, Morgan, K, Moschonis, G, Mossakowska, M, Mostafa, A, Mota, J, Muiesan, ML, Müller-Nurasyid, M, Mursu, J, Nagel, G, Námešná, J, Nang, EE, Nangia, VB, Navarrete-Muñoz, EM, Ndiaye, NC, Nervi, F, Nguyen, ND, Nieto-Martínez, RE, Alvarado, L, Ning, G, Ninomiya, T, Noale, M, Noto, D, Ochoa-Avilés, M, Oh, K, Onat, A, Osmond, C, Otero, JA, Palmieri, L, Panda-Jonas, S, Panza, F, Parsaeian, M, Peixoto, SV, Pereira, AC, Peters, A, Peykari, N, Pilav, A, Pitakaka, F, Piwonska, A, Piwonski, J, Plans-Rubió, P, Porta, M, Portegies, ML, Poustchi, H, Pradeepa, R, Price, JF, Punab, M, Qasrawi, RF, Qorbani, M, Raitakari, O, Ramachandra Rao, S, Ramachandran, A, Ramos, R, Rampal, S, Rathmann, W, Redon, J, Reganit, PF, Rigo, F, Robinson, SM, Robitaille, C, Rodríguez, LA, Rodríguez-Artalejo, F, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, M, Rojas-Martinez, R, Romaguera, D, Rosengren, A, Rubinstein, A, Rui, O, Ruiz-Betancourt, BS, Rutkowski, M, Sabanayagam, C, Sachdev, HS, Saidi, O, Sakarya, S, Salanave, B, Salonen, JT, Salvetti, M, Sánchez-Abanto, J, Santos, RN, Santos, R, Sardinha, LB, Scazufca, M, Schargrodsky, H, Scheidt-Nave, C, Shibuya, K, Shin, Y, Shiri, R, Siantar, R, Sibai, AM, Simon, M, Simons, J, Simons, LA, Sjostrom, M, Slowikowska-Hilczer, J, Slusarczyk, P, Smeeth, L, Snijder, MB, Solfrizzi, V, Sonestedt, E, Soumare, A, Staessen, JA, Steene-Johannessen, J, Stehle, P, Stein, AD, Stessman, J, Stöckl, D, Stokwiszewski, J, Strufaldi, MW, Sun, CA, Sundström, J, Suriyawongpaisal, P, Sy, RG, Tai, ES, Tarawneh, M, Tarqui-Mamani, CB, Thijs, L, Tolstrup, JS, Topbas, M, Torrent, M, Traissac, P, Trinh, OT, Tulloch-Reid, MK, Tuomainen, TP, Turley, ML, Tzourio, C, Ueda, P, Ukoli, FM, Ulmer, H, Valdivia, G, van Valkengoed, IG, Vanderschueren, D, Vanuzzo, D, Vega, T, Velasquez-Melendez, G, Veronesi, G, Verschuren, M, Vioque, J, Virtanen, J, Visvikis-Siest, S, Viswanathan, B, Vollenweider, P, Voutilainen, S, Wade, AN, Wagner, A, Walton, J, Mohamud, WN, Wang, MD, Wang, YX, Wannamethee, SG, Weerasekera, D, Whincup, PH, Widhalm, K, Wiecek, A, Wilks, RJ, Willeit, J, Wojtyniak, B, Wong, TY, Woo, J, Woodward, M, Wu, AG, Wu, FC, Wu, SL, Xu, H, Yang, X, Ye, X, Yoshihara, A, Younger-Coleman, NO, Zambon, S, Zargar, AH, Zdrojewski, T, Zhao, W, and Zheng, Y

Published
2015
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37. Educación y gestión en tiempos de pospandemia

Author

Valle Villamarin, M. L., Martínez Florencia, C., Álvarez Avilés, M. E., and Chauca Bajaña, L. A.

Abstract

El advenimiento de la pandemia del COVID 19 ha trastocado a la educación y su gestión. La búsqueda de continuidad de la enseñanza en las instituciones educativas ha sido el principal desafío asumido por tales organizaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las dimensiones de la educación y su gestión desde una perspectiva teórico-empírica en el marco de la pospandemia. Los resultados muestran la vigencia de postulados educativos constructivistas y la presencia de tendencias de gestión educativa como: el incremento de la interacción entre los actores educativos, el posicionamiento de la familia como sujeto de enseñanza y el incremento de contenido educativo propio elaborado por los docentes. Se concluye que uno de los principales cambios ha sido la profundización de la virtualidad de la gestión educativa ofreciendo nuevos horizontes de interpretación a posturas teóricas pedagógicas.

Published
2022

39. Prevención del maltrato entre iguales a través de la educación moral

Author

José Avilés M.

Subjects
bullying, ciberbullying, víctimas, agresores/as, educación moral, prevención del maltrato, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

Se analizan las acciones llevadas a cabo en España para abordar el bullying (maltrato entre iguales) desde diferentes ámbitos competenciales en aspectos de normativización, formación, divulgación, sensibilización, prevención e intervención. Igualmente se ponen de relieve las líneas de actuación preferentes en prevención e intervención en la comunidad educativa incidiendo en el compromiso y la coordinación entre el profesorado y las familias haciendo protagonista al alumnado como parte de la solución en la erradicación del bullying. El texto reflexiona sobre las claves de la educación moral en relación con los componentes que identifican el maltrato entre iguales (bullying), su abordaje escolar y las estrategias educativas necesarias para llevar a cabo el trabajo en los planos cognitivo, emocional y conductual con el alumnado por parte del profesorado y en colaboración y coordinación con las familias.

Published
2012
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40. NUEVE JUECES ENTRAN EN DIÁLOGO CON NUEVE HIPÓTESIS ACERCA DE LA PRUEBA DE LOS HECHOS EN EL CONTEXTO PENAL NlNE JUDGES ENTER INTO DIALOGUE WITH NINE HYPOTHESES ABOUT THE PROOF OF FACTS IN CRIMINAL CASES

Author

Rodrigo Coloma C, Flavia Carbonell B, Christian Alfaro M, Luis Francisco Avilés M, Danilo Báez R, Claudia Bugueño J, Mariela Cristina Jorquera T, Mauricio Olave, Virginia Rivera A, Cristian Soto G, and José María Toledo C

Subjects
Valoración Racional de la Prueba, Estándar de Prueba, Verdad Procesal, Calidad EpistémicA de la Prueba, Cultura Judicial, Rational Analysis of Evidence, Standard of Proof, Truth in Adjudication, Epistemic Quality of the Proof, Judicial Culture, Law, Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence, K1-7720
Abstract

En el presente artículo se formulan nueve hipótesis que refieren a la prueba de los hechos en el proceso penal, las cuales son analizadas por nueve jueces de Tribunal de Juicio Oral y de Garantía. Siete de ellas pretenden describir distintas prácticas que se darían en los tribunales de justicia y las dos restantes refieren a cómo debieran actuar los jueces en ciertos casos difíciles. Las temáticas abordadas son agrupadas en las siguientes categorías: a) alcances del compromiso que tendrían los jueces de operar con historias verdaderas como soportes de sus decisiones; b) dificultades que surgen como consecuencia de la debilidad epistémica de la prueba disponible en los juicios y de los posibles sesgos en su interpretación; c) exigencias asociadas a la valoración de la prueba conforme a la sana crítica, y d) significado que debiera ser atribuido al estándar de prueba del más allá de toda duda razonable. De esta manera, se lleva a cabo un diálogo entre el sistema de creencias propio de los jueces y del que resulta frecuente entre los juristas.This article formulates nine hypotheses concerning the proof of facts in criminal proceedings, which are analysed by nine judges of Chilean criminal Courts (Tribunal de Juicio Oral y de Garantía). Seven hypotheses aimed at describing different practices that take place in the courts and two of them concern how judges should act in certain hard cases. The matters are grouped in the following categories: a) scopes of the compromise that judges should have in order to opérate with true stories as support oftheir decisions; b) difficulties that arise as consequence of the epistemic weakness of the evidence available in triáis and the possible slants in their interpretation; c) requirements of the evaluation of the proof according to the sana crítica; and d) meaning that should have the standard of proof beyond reasonable doubt. In this way a dialogue between the system ofbeliefs of judges and of jurists takes place.

Published
2010

46. Diagnostic accuracy of first-trimester combined screening for early-onset and preterm pre-eclampsia at 8-10 compared with 11-13 weeks' gestation

Author

Mendoza, Manel, Garcia-Manau, Pablo, Arévalo, Silvia, Avilés, M., Serrano, B., Sánchez-Durán, M. á., Garcia-Ruiz, Itziar, Bonacina, Erika, Carreras Moratonas, Elena, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Subjects
Middle Cerebral Artery, 0302 clinical medicine, Obstetrics and gynaecology, Pre-Eclampsia, early‐onset pre‐eclampsia, Pregnancy, Early-onset pre-eclampsia, Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Uterine artery, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Obstetrics, uterine artery Doppler, Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Medicine, Original Papers, pre‐eclampsia, Uterine Artery, Pulsatile Flow, Screening, Gestation, First-trimester, Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Preeclampsia, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine.artery, medicine, Blood test, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, first‐trimester, Uterine artery Doppler, Placenta Growth Factor, Original Paper, Eclampsia, Receiver operating characteristic, business.industry, screening, Infant, Newborn, medicine.disease, Pregnancy Trimester, First, Reproductive Medicine, ROC Curve, PlGF, business, Pre-eclampsia, Biomarkers
Abstract

Objectives To compare the ability of first‐trimester combined screening for pre‐eclampsia (PE) to predict early‐onset and preterm PE when pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) and placental growth factor (PlGF) were assessed before vs after 11 weeks' gestation. Methods This was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies undergoing routine first‐trimester screening conducted at Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain, between October 2015 and September 2017. Demographic characteristics, obstetric history, maternal history and biophysical markers (mean uterine artery pulsatility index and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP)) were recorded at the first‐trimester scan (at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation). Maternal serum concentrations of PAPP‐A and PlGF were assessed from the routine first‐trimester blood test (at 8 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks). Women were classified into two groups depending on whether serum biomarkers were assessed at 8 + 0 to 10 + 6 weeks or at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks. Probability scores for early‐onset and preterm PE were calculated by using two different algorithms: the multivariate Gaussian‐distribution model and The Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) competing‐risks model. Receiver‐operating‐characteristics (ROC) curves were produced and detection rates at fixed 5% and 10% false‐positive rates were computed to compare the performance of these algorithms when PAPP‐A and PlGF were assessed before vs after 11 weeks. Results Of the 2641 women included, serum biomarkers were assessed before 11 weeks in 1675 (63.4%) and at or after 11 weeks in 966 (36.6%). Of these, 90 (3.4%) women developed PE, including 11 (0.4%) cases of early‐onset PE and 30 (1.1%) of preterm PE. Five (45.5%) cases of early‐onset and 16 (53.3%) of preterm PE were identified in the group in which serum biomarkers were assessed at 8 + 0 to 10 + 6 weeks and six (54.5%) cases of early‐onset and 14 (46.7%) of preterm PE in the group in which serum biomarkers were assessed at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks. In the prediction of early‐onset and preterm PE using the Gaussian algorithm, no differences were observed between the areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) when PAPP‐A and PlGF were measured before or after 11 weeks. In the prediction of early‐onset and preterm PE using the FMF algorithm, no differences were observed between AUCs for any of the combinations used for risk calculation when the serum biomarkers were obtained before vs after 11 weeks, except for the combination of PAPP‐A and MAP, which showed a greater AUC for the prediction of early‐onset PE when PAPP‐A was measured at or after 11 weeks. Conclusions The prediction of early‐onset and preterm PE is similar when serum biomarkers are measured before or after 11 weeks. This allows the use of a two‐step approach for PE risk assessment that permits immediate risk calculation at the time of the first‐trimester scan. © 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Published
2021

47. High- and Low-Angle Normal Fault Activity in a Collisional Orogen: The Northeastern Granada Basin (Betic Cordillera)

Author

Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Universidad de Granada, Universidad de Jaén, Madarieta-Txurruka, A., Galindo-Zaldívar, Jesús, González Castillo, Lourdes, Peláez Montilla, José A., Ruíz Armenteros, A. M., Henares, Jesús, Garrido-Carretero, M.S., Avilés, M., Gil, Alejandro J., Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Universidad de Granada, Universidad de Jaén, Madarieta-Txurruka, A., Galindo-Zaldívar, Jesús, González Castillo, Lourdes, Peláez Montilla, José A., Ruíz Armenteros, A. M., Henares, Jesús, Garrido-Carretero, M.S., Avilés, M., and Gil, Alejandro J.

Abstract

Understanding active tectonics and seismicity in extensional settings requires the analysis of high-angle normal faults (HANFs) and the transfer of deformation at depth. The debate surrounds the role of low-angle normal faults (LANFs) in triggering high magnitude earthquakes. The central Betic Cordillera is an active seismic zone affected by the NNW-SSE Eurasia-Nubia convergence and orthogonal extension. The seismicity and present-day stress determined by earthquake focal mechanisms reveals the activity of a NE-SW extensional system in the shallowest 12 km of the Granada Basin. The structure of the sedimentary infill, as derived by geological field and gravimetric techniques, suggests the formation of a half-graben tilted to the N-NE. Seismologic data suggest the activity of HANFs above 6–7 km depth and a LANF zone around 6–12 km depth, with related earthquakes of up to Mw 4.0 and 20° to 30° fault dips. High-precision leveling lines highlight the importance of the Granada Fault in the system, with average vertical displacement rates of 0.35–1.1 mm/yr. These data suggest creep fault behavior at the surface and increased seismicity at depth. The upper crustal extension in the collisional Betic Cordillera is accommodated by a top-to-the-WSW extensional detachment related to westward motion and rollback in the Gibraltar Arc and the gravitational collapse of the cordillera, in a framework of NNW-SSE shortening. This comprehensive study draws a new scenario that advances understanding of relationships between HANFs and LANFs.

Published
2021

48. Geodetic fault slip rates on active faults in the Baza sub-Basin (SE Spain): Insights for seismic hazard assessment

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Universidad de Alicante, Universidad de Jaén, Universidad de Granada, Junta de Andalucía, Alfaro, P., Sánchez-Alzola, Alberto, Martín Rojas, Iván, García-Tortosa, Francisco Juan, Galindo-Zaldívar, Jesús, Avilés, M., López-Garrido, A. C., Sanz de Galdeano, Carlos, Ruano, Patricia, Martínez-Moreno, Francisco José, Pedrera Parias, Antonio, Lacy Pérez de los Cobos, M.ª Clara de, Borque Arancón, María Jesús, Medina-Cascales, I., Gil, Alejandro J., Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Universidad de Alicante, Universidad de Jaén, Universidad de Granada, Junta de Andalucía, Alfaro, P., Sánchez-Alzola, Alberto, Martín Rojas, Iván, García-Tortosa, Francisco Juan, Galindo-Zaldívar, Jesús, Avilés, M., López-Garrido, A. C., Sanz de Galdeano, Carlos, Ruano, Patricia, Martínez-Moreno, Francisco José, Pedrera Parias, Antonio, Lacy Pérez de los Cobos, M.ª Clara de, Borque Arancón, María Jesús, Medina-Cascales, I., and Gil, Alejandro J.

Abstract

One of the most significant parameters for seismic hazard assessment analyses is the fault slip rate. The combination of both geological (long-term) and geodetic (short-term) data offers a more complete characterization of the seismic potential of active faults. Moreover, geodetic data are also a helpful tool for the analysis of geodynamic processes. In this work, we present the results of a local GPS network from the Baza sub-Basin (SE Spain). This network, which includes six sites, was established in 2008 and has been observed for seven years. For the first time, we obtain short-term slip rates for the two active faults in this area. For the normal Baza Fault, we estimate slip rates ranging between 0.3 ± 0.3 mm/yr and 1.3 ± 0.4 mm/yr. For the strike-slip Galera Fault, we quantify the slip rate as 0.5 ± 0.3 mm/yr. Our GPS study shows a discrepancy for the Baza Fault between the short-term slip rates and previously reported long-term rates. This discrepancy indicates that the fault could be presently in a period with a displacement rate higher than the mean of the magnitude 6 seismic cycle. Moreover, the velocity vectors that we obtained also show the regional tectonic significance of the Baza Fault, as this structure accommodates one-third of the regional extension of the Central Betic Cordillera. Our GPS-related slip rates form the basis for future seismic hazard analysis in this area. Our results have further implications, as they indicate that the Baza and Galera Faults are kinematically coherent and they divide the Baza sub-Basin into two tectonic blocks. This points to a likely physical link between the Baza and Galera Faults; hence, a potential complex rupture involving both faults should be considered in future seismic hazard assessment studies.

Published
2021

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