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This paper presents the design and characterization of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed, low-profile, and flexible arrow-shaped filtenna for ISM band applications at 2.45 GHz. The antenna design involves an innovative approach incorporating etching slots to achieve miniaturization by 34%, contrasting with a traditional quadrilateral-shaped antenna. After the attainment of desired miniaturization, the unwanted harmonics are also mitigated by deploying simple filtering methodology. A perpendicular rectangular stub is strategically introduced to the feedline, effectively minimizing harmonics across a broad frequency range of 3.3–11.0 GHz. Through simulations and measurements, the results indicate that the antenna's operational band spans from 2.276 to 2.75 GHz, encompassing the entire ISM band (2.4–2.5 GHz). Notably, the antenna demonstrates promising radiation characteristics, including omnidirectional gain of approximately 2.2 dBi and a radiation efficiency exceeding 95%. With a compact overall size of 0.24λ × 0.20λ × 0.0005λ (where λ is the free-space wavelength at 2.45 GHz), coupled with wide harmonic rejection property, the proposed arrow-shaped flitenna emerges as a compelling candidate for ISM band applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A metamaterial-based non-uniform dipole array antenna is presented for high gain 5G millimeter-wave applications with a wideband characteristic. Initially, a non-uniform dipole array is designed on a 0.202 mm thick Rogers RO4003C substrate, offering a wide operating bandwidth ranging from 23.1 GHz to 44.8 GHz. The dipole array antenna emits unidirectional end-fire radiation with a maximum gain of 8.1 dBi and an average gain of 6.7 dBi. Subsequently, to achieve high gain performance, a 5 × 7 metamaterial structure is designed in the direction of the antenna radiation. The implemented metamaterial structure is optimized for the operating frequency, enhancing the directivity of the antenna radiation and resulting in a gain increment of more than 3 dBi compared to the dipole array alone. The developed metamaterial-integrated dipole array antenna offers an operating bandwidth (S11 < −10 dB) of more than 21 GHz (63.92%), ranging from 23.1 GHz to 44.8 GHz, covering the most commonly used 5G millimeter-wave frequency bands (n257, n258, n259, n260, and n261). Furthermore, the presented antenna yields a stable high gain with a peak gain of 11.21 dBi and a good radiation efficiency of more than 64%. The proposed antenna is an excellent option for millimeter-wave 5G systems due to its overall properties, particularly its high gain and end-fire radiation characteristics, combined with a wide operating bandwidth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the design and isolation enhancement of a filtering MIMO antenna with a radiation null for out-of-band suppressions suited for 5G sub-6 GHz communications. The MIMO antenna offers -10 dB impedance bandwidth functionality at the most prominent partial spectrum of the 5G NR n78 band for enabling wireless applications in base stations, ranging from 3.4 GHz to 3.61 GHz. To mitigate the redundancy of an RF filter and to achieve a strong filtering response, a radiation null is produced in the gain with four identical rectangular slots, which results in a significant gain drop of more than 8 dBi at the stopband. The geometrical design also allows 30 percent size reduction of single element. Subsequently, a closely spaced (0.11λ0) two-port MIMO antenna is implemented and with the utilization of the proposed rectangular shaped hollow stub parasitic element, the interelement isolation is significantly improved by more than 8 dB over the operational frequency range while retaining the filtering without any additional RF structure. The design simplification, peak gain of 5.4 dBi, near ideal response of diversity gain, ECC less than 0.03, congruency between simulated and measured results, and stable parameters make it a valuable choice for 3.5 GHz sub-6 GHz communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ultra-wideband (UWB), geometrically simple, compact, and high-gain antenna with a WLAN notch band is presented for future wireless devices. The antenna is printed on the top side of the Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate and has a small dimension of 10 mm × 15 mm × 0.254 mm. The primary radiator of the proposed coplanar waveguide-fed monopole antenna is comprised of a rectangular-shaped structure initially modified using a slot, and its bandwidth is further enhanced by loading a Y-shaped radiator. As a result, the antenna offers a –10 dB impedance matching bandwidth of 11.55 GHz ranging from 3–14.55 GHz, covering globally allocated C-, S-, and X-band applications. Afterward, another rectangular stub is loaded in the structure to mitigate the WLAN band from the UWB spectrum, and the final antenna offers a notched band spanning from 4.59 to 5.82 GHz. Moreover, to validate the simulated results, a hardware prototype is built and measured, which exhibits good agreement with the simulated results. Furthermore, the proposed work is compared to state-of-the-art antennas for similar applications to demonstrate its design significance, as it has a compact size, wider bandwidth, and stable gain characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metamaterials exhibit properties in terms of subwavelength operation or phase manipulation, among others, that can be used in a variety of applications in 5G communication systems. The future and current 5G devices demand high efficiency, high data rate, computational capabilities, cost-effectiveness, compact size, and low power consumption. This variation and advancement are possible when the antenna design is revised to operate over wideband, high gain, and multiband and has characteristics of compact size, reconfiguration, absorption, and simple ease of fabrication. The materials loaded with antennas or, in the same cases, without antennas, offer the aforementioned characteristics to bring advancement in order to facilitate users. A number of works on designing metasurfaces capable of improving bandwidth, gain efficiency, and reducing the size and cost of antennas are available in the literature for this purpose. Not only are these applications possible, but the intelligent metasurfaces are also designed to obtain reconfiguration in terms of frequency and polarization. The number of absorbers loaded with metamaterials is also designed to improve the absorption percentage used for radar applications. Thus, in this paper, the general overview of different types of metamaterials and their role in performance enhancement and application in 5G and 6G communication systems is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]