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The overall aim of this thesis is to gain further knowledge of how surgical choices affect the outcome for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for early prostate cancer including preoperative evaluation and long-term prognosis after surgery. Within the non-randomized Laparoscopic Prostatectomy Robot Open trial, comparing the outcomes between open and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy, we evaluated the effect of preservation of the neurovascular bundles on postoperative incontinence (paper I), and recurrence of prostate cancer (paper II). Findings in Magnetic Resonance Imaging; targeted and systematic prostate biopsies were compared to findings in radical prostatectomy specimens in men diagnosed with prostate cancer within the randomized, controlled GÖTEBORG Prostate Cancer Screening 2 Trial (paper III). Long-term risk for recurrence and subsequent treatment after radical prostatectomy was evaluated within the population-based Western Sweden study of Opportunistic Prostate Cancer Screening database (paper IV). Preservation of neurovascular bundles decreases the risk for postoperative incontinence, while increasing positive surgical margins; balancing these outcomes for the individual is essential. Systematic biopsies seldom contribute additional information of importance for surgical decisions and should be avoided if the only purpose is preoperative mapping. After radical prostatectomy, the risk for recurrence remains at 15 years. Length of follow-up should be related to life expectancy, rather than to time since surgery.

This study examines the issue regarding three reproductive aspects in relation to women’s right to make own decisions regarding her life, body and reproductive health. The aspects include abortion, assisted fertilisation and surrogacy. In addition, this study investigates if the perception of liberty, in relation to laws and regulation of the female body and the right and freedom of reproductive health, is rooted in explicit versus implicit liberal feminism or conservative feminism. By using idea analysis, this investigation aims to distinguish the ideas behind the regulation of the three aspects. The results of the study shows that explicit and implicit liberal and conservative ideas from a feminist perspective occurs in the distinct aspects. The study concludes that women have been given liberty and the right to make own decisions regarding her body and reproductive health when it comes to abortion, and also in great extent when it comes to assisted fertilisation. However, in the aspect of surrogacy, women has continuously been denied these decision-making rights regarding her own body.