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Reinforcement materials are an essential component of leather goods. They provide support, structure, and protection to the leather and can be used to change its drape and handling. The nonbiodegradability of existing reinforcements in leather goods and the high cost of materials are major challenges. The objective of this study is to fabricate reinforcement materials from sisal fiber with a face‐centered central composite design. The main factors involved in the experiment with their respective levels are polyvinyl alcohol in grams (30, 35, and 40), sisal fiber in grams (20, 22, and 24), and binder in milliliters (mL) (10, 15, and 20). The dependent variables studied are tensile strength, tear strength, and elongation at the break of reinforcement material. The results of the experiment revealed that as the amount of fiber increased by 14%, the tensile strength of reinforcement material increased by 5%, and as the fiber loading increased by 16%, elongation at break decreased by 30%. However, as the fiber loading increased to 15%, the tear strength of the material decreased by 35%. Increasing the amount of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the reinforcement material by 50% increased elongation at the break by 15% and reduced the tear strength by 3% and the tensile strength by 10%. Varying the amount of binder did not affect the tensile and tear strength of the reinforcement material; however, it had a positive effect on the elongation of the material. The reinforcement material produced from sisal fiber has a comparable quality parameter to commercially available synthetic‐based materials, and it could be used in leather goods production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uncomfortable feelings during wear highly affect human health, work efficiency, and mental satisfaction. This study evaluated the thermal comfort of woven fabrics made from 16Ne ring and rotor spun weft yarns(x1). The other variables involved are warp tensions (x2) of 1 kilo newton (KN) and 2 kN, weft tensions (x3) of PFT/B- and PFT/B+T, and weft densities (x4) of 14 picks per centimeter (PPC) and 18 PPC. Comfort properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal insulation, and air permeability were measured and analyzed. The fabric produced from rotor-spun weft yarn showed better thermal comfort properties than the fabric made from ring-spun weft yarn. The results of the analysis revealed that when warp and weft yarn tension increased and weft density decreased, thermal conductivity and air permeability also increased. However, thermal insulation of the fabric decreased as yarn tension increased. On the other hand, as the weft density increased, the thermal insulation of the fabric increased. Air permeability increased as weft tension increased from PFT/B- to PFT/B+T and it decreased as weft density increased from 14 PPC to 18PPC. The maximum thermal conductivity and minimum thermal resistance were attained at 14 PPC weft density and ring-spun weft yarn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air-jet weaving is an innovative weaving technique that uses friction between the yarn surface and air stream to propel the weft yarn. The interaction between the yarn surface and air is complex and affects weft yarn motion. Understanding the factors influencing this interaction is crucial for optimizing the weft yarn speed and twist loss in air jet weaving. This critical evaluation examined the impact of weft yarn structures such as yarn count, twist, hairiness, volume, and fiber types such as cotton and polyester on weft yarn speed and twist loss. The findings revealed that both the yarn structure and fiber type significantly impact the twist loss and insertion time during air jet weft insertion. Factors such as hairiness, volume, linear density, fiber type, and twist level were found to significantly affect the twist loss and weft yarn velocity. High hairiness and thin yarns exhibited higher velocity but greater twist losses, whereas highly twisted yarns demonestrated lower velocity and higher twist loss. Additionally, polyester yarns showed a lower velocity and experienced more twist loss than cotton yarns. These insights can assist textile manufacturers in optimizing the air-jet weaving parameters to improve weft yarn insertion and overall fabric quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines screening of the factors affecting cotton-sized yarn gain strength, elongation, stretch, size pick-up, and yarn abrasion resistance. The factors considered in this research are sizing machine parameters like sizing machine speed, squeezing roller pressure, warp yarn tension of various sizing machine zones, warp yarn twist, and viscosity of the size paste. Taguchi design with Minitab software has been used to design and analyze the results of the experiments. The study revealed that viscosity, yarn twist, sizing machine speed, and wet tension affected sized yarn gain strength significantly. Viscosity has maximum contribution to gain strength (34.57%) compared to other factors and has a positive effect on the gain strength of the sized yarn. For stretch percentage and the loss elongation of sized yarn, the wet tension is the most significant factor with 50.30% and 52.13% contribution respectively. Moreover, for the size pick-up and yarn abrasion resistance of sized yarn, the speed of the sizing machine is the most effective parameter with 44.45% and 56.29% contribution, respectively. The screening experimental result revealed the most significant factor that must be further optimized using response surface methods of experimental design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On a loom, the warp yarns experience exceptionally high mechanical stresses and strains, as well as significant abrasion from friction. As a result, significant yarn breakages cause loom stoppages and, hence, production and quality interruptions. To mitigate this problem, the warp yarns should be treated with a thin, strong film of an appropriate adhesive. The aim of this study is therefore, to investigate the effect of sizing machine parameters on tensile properties of the yarn and to optimize the sized yarn tensile properties. Design expert 11 software with Box-Behnken design has been employed to design the research, analyze the results of experiments, and optimize the responses. In this research, three factors, each at three levels (wet zone yarn tension (A) (340, 380, and 420 N), squeezing roller pressure (B) (13, 15, and 17 N), and sizing machine speed (C) (30, 49, and 68 m/min), as well as three response variables (gain strength, loss elongation, and stretch), are considered. 15 samples of sized yarn have been produced with various combinations of the given factors, and the values of the response variables are measured for each sample. It has been observed that wet zone yarn tension and squeezing roller pressure have a significant effect on gain strength, stretch, and loss elongation. According to the regression analysis, gain strength has a negative relationship with wet zone yarn tension and a positive relationship with squeezing roller pressure. In the other case, both wet-zone yarn tension and squeezing roller pressure have a positive and significant effect on loss elongation and yarn stretch. At 340 N wet zone yarn tension, 13 N squeezing roller pressure, and 51 m/min sizing machine speed, the optimum values of gain strength (32.7 cN/tex), loss elongation (18.5%), and stretch (1.4%) were obtained. The methodologies employed in this study revealed the empirical relationship between the factors and the responses, the interaction effects of the factors on the responses, and multiple response optimizations. The optimized result of this study can be applied to the warp yarn sizing and can improve the tensile properties of the yarn and the loom's efficiency significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The air permeability, thermal resistance, water vapor permeability, water absorption, and Stiffness were measured to determine the comfort property of the fabric. For this study, the plain, twill, and satin structures were produced from warp ring-spun yarn and weft open-end spinning yarns. Using ANOVA statistical analysis, the weave structures on the comfort properties of these fabrics were investigated. The finding of this study revealed that from plain to twill and satin structure the result leads to an increasing of Water Vapor Permeability, Water absorption rate, and air permeability. On the contrary, from plain to twill and satin the thermal resistance and stiffness of fabrics were reduced. Plain weave structure was superior thermal resistance and stiffness, whereas Satin weaves have higher air permeability, water vapor permeability, and water absorption rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of twist on tensile strength, abrasion resistance, and pilling resistance of plain-woven fabric has been studied. The plain-woven fabric has been produced from open-end spun cotton yarn. The weft yarn has been produced at 4 different twist levels (900, 905, 910, and 915 TPM) and the effect of twist levels is also studied. To examine the effect of twist, four different samples of plain-woven fabric are produced from these yarns. From the ANOVA results, it is found that with an increment in twist level of the yarn, there is a significant increment in tensile strength, abrasion resistance, and pilling resistance of the fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]