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Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and the thiol/disulfide balance, used as a marker of oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted between May 2016 and July 2016 at the Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital Infectious Diseases Polyclinic. 63 subjects with CHB and 60 healthy volunteers without any known diseases were included in the study. In term of measuring dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis, we used the novel automated assay method developed by Erel and Neselioglu. Results: Native thiol (SH), total thiol (total SH) and disulfide (SS) levels were determined; measures such as SS/SH, SS/total SH, and SH/total SH were calculated. It is determined that CHB group’s SH levels (P=0.041), total SH levels (P=0.043) were lower than the control group’s. There is negative correlation between Anti-HBc total IgG and total SH, SH, SH/total SH, there is positive correlation between Anti-HBc total IgG and SS/SH, SS/total SH ratio. There is negative correlation between BMX index and total SH, SH, SH/total SH and positive correlation between SS/total SH, SS/SH. Positive correlation is determined between total protein, albumin and total SH, SH. Conclusions: In our study thiol levels as an antioxidant were found to be low in CHB patients. Thiol levels were again emphasized as a new marker in hepatitis B. Thiol levels in CHB are thought to shed light to slowing of disease course and improving new treatment efforts with more wide studies.

Aim: The liver plays a crucial role in the synthesis and catabolism of cholesterol. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the developed world and commonly associated with metabolic comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of NAFLD in Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH). Material and Method: Between 2017 and 2018, individuals with FH who had been referred to the Department of Endocrinology at Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital were admitted to this single center case-control study. Total 30 individuals (17 female and 13 male) who have FH were compared to a control group included 39 participants (30 female and 9 male). The two groups were thought to be well matched in terms of sample size and gender distribution. Family history was registered. Diagnosis is made by blood tests and ultrasound imaging of liver. Results: The two groups showed no significant differences in terms of age and gender. NAFLD was seen at 12 of 39 individuals in the control group. It was seen at 16 of 30 persons in the FH group (p = 0.058). Total cholesterol (mg / dl) (333.27 ± 58.46) (219.23 ± 82.84) (p = 0.000), LDL (mg / dl) (249.93 ± 45.43) (127.11 ± 46.52) (p = 0.000) and CRP (mg / L) (3.37 ± 4.16) (1.43 ± 1.96) (p = 0.014) levels were significantly different between the FH and control groups respectively. Conclusion: There isn’t a significant difference between control and FH groups in terms of NAFLD. The absence of NAFLD on ultrasonography, should not reduce the severity and importance of FH, and the treatments should be made to prevent complications such as atherosclerosis.

Amaç: Akromegali hastalarında, diabetes mellitus, insülindirenci ve hipertrigliseridemi gibi metabolik durumlara sıklıkla rastlanır.Bizim amacımız, akromegali hastalarında, non alkolik yağlı karaciğer (NAFLD)gelişmesinde etkili olan faktörleri saptamaktır.Gereçve Yöntemler:60 (33 kadın, 27 erkek) akromegali hastası ve 52 sağlıklı kişiden (27 kadın ve25 erkek) oluşan kontrol grubu retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastaların vekontrol grubunun ortalama yaşı sırasıyla 44.11 ±13.83 ve39.12±14.99’du. Beden kitle indeksi (BKİ), karaciğer ultrasonografisi velaboratuvar sonuçları dosyalarındaki kayıtlardan alındı. İstatistik analizlerdeIBM SPSS Versiyon 22.0istatistiksel paket programı (IBMCorporation, USA) kullanıldı.Bulgular:Akromegali hastalarında açlık kan şekeri, trigliserid, insülin benzeri büyümefaktörü, büyüme hormonu (GH) ve CRP seviyeleri kontrol grubuna göre anlamlıderecede yüksek, HDL düzeyleri anlamlı derecede düşük bulundu. Grupların BKİ veNAFLD oranları benzerdi. Akromegali hastalarında BKİ ve GH’un NAFLD gelişmesindeen önemli iki faktör olduğu sonucuna ulaştık. NAFLD, hastanın BKİ, kilo ve yaşıile anlamlı derecede pozitif, GH düzeyi ile anlamlı derecede negatif korelasyongösterdi.Sonuç:Akromegali hastalarında, NAFLD gelişmesini etkileyen faktörler BKİ ve GH’dur., Aim:Patientswith acromegaly are at risk of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus,insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia. We aimed to investigate what iseffective in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) inpatients with acromegaly.Materialsand Methods: 60 (33 female, 27 male) patients withacromegaly, and a healthy control group of 52 persons (27 female and 25 male)were retrospectively studied. Mean age of the patients and the control groupwere 44.11 ±13.83 and 39.12±14.99 respectively. Body mass index (BMI), liverultrasound and laboratory findings were taken from the records in the files.Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS statistical software packageversion 22 (IBM Corporation, USA).Results:Fastingblood sugar, triglyceride, insulin like growth factor, growth hormone(GH) andCRP levels were significantly higher, HDL levels were significantly lower inacromegaly group. BMI and NAFLD were similar between groups. We found that, BMIand GH are the most important two factors in the presence of NAFLD in patientswith acromegaly. NAFLD correlates significantly positively with the patient'sBMI, weight and age; significantly negatively with the GH levels.Conclusion:Inpeople with acromegaly, BMI and GH levels are the things that affectdevelopment of NAFLD.

INTRODUCTION Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a connective tissue disease that is chronic, recurrent and multisystem with unknown aetiology. There is still no single biomarker that is pathognomonic for the disease. We know that platelets are the main part of haemostasis and thrombosis. We aimed to investigate whether there is a connection between MPV with SLE and inflammatory markers. MATERIAL AND METHODS We have included 39 female patients with SLE and 45 controls in this study. In both groups, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and MPV levels were investigated. Clinical findings and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) were evaluated in patients. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic data. The MPV was 8.1 ± 0.5 (mean ± SD) in the patient's group and 7.6 ± 0.3 in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of MPV (P

Aim:The purpose of this study was to investigate MPV and RDW values in DTC patients.Background:Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (DTC) is subdivided into papillary, follicular and papillary micro thyroid cancers. Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and red cell distribution width (RDW) are markers which have been investigated in many cancers, but no data are available for DTC.Objective:MPV and RDW values were assessed in 108 patients with DTC, consisting of 44 with Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC) (mean age 43±13.9 years), 34 with Papillary Micro Thyroid Cancer (PmTC) (mean age 43.1 ± 10.6), and 28 with Follicular Cancer (FC) (mean age 46.9±12.5), and 77 control subjects (mean age 47.5±5.9).Methods:The patient and control groups were matched in terms of age, and body mass index. All subjects were investigated using platelet and biochemical parameters.Results:Both MPV [(PTC, PmTC, and FC) (p=0.000, p=0.000 and p=0.001, respectively)] and RDW (PTC, PmTC, and FC) (p=0.02, p=0.04 and p=0.02, respectively)] values increased in patients with DTC compared to the controls. MPV values were significantly positively correlated with CRP (r=0.247; p=0.043), postoperative thyroglobulin (r=0.246; p=0.03), gamma glutamyl transferase (r=0.024; p=0.762), tumor size (r=0.209; p=0.047) and RDW (r=0.207; p=0.005). Age, gender, total cholesterol, and C-reactive protein were identified as independent predictors of MPV. Adjustment for other these factors produced no alteration in these relative risks at multiple regression analysis.Conclusion:Our results suggest that patients with DTC have higher MPV and RDW values than healthy controls. MPV may represent a good follow-up criterion in DTC patients because of its positive correlation with tumor size and thyroglobulin.

Amaç: Anormal lipid profilleri gestasyonel diabetes mellitus (GDM) ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Biz gestasyonel diyabette lipid profilini incelemeyi amaçladık. Metod: Çalışmamıza 127 GDM’li ve kontrol grubu olarak benzer BMİ, gebelik haftası ve yaş grubundan 30 sağlıklı gebe dahil edildi. Kan örnekleri12 saat açlıktan sonra alındı. Trigliserid, Total Kolesterol, yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein(HDL-K)plazma konsantrasyonları kolesterol enzimatik testlerle ölçüldü. Düşük yoğunluklu lipoprotein kolesterol(LDL-K) Friedewald'ın formülü ile hesaplandı.Bulgular: Trigliserid, Total Kolesterol ve LDL-K düzeyleri gebelikte artmış olarak bulundu. Ancak istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi. Hdl-k GDM grubunda kontrol ile karşılaştırılınca istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde düşük bulundu. Logistik regresyon yapıldığında HDL’nin GDM’de kontrole göre düşük olması yaş, BMİ, gebelik haftasından bağımsız olarak bulundu. Roc analiz yapıldığında HDL < 70 mg/dl GDM’yi %83 spesifite, %64 sensivite ile predikte ettiği görüldü. Sonuç: Düşük HDL-C konsantrasyonları, GDM riskinde artış ile anlamlı şekilde ilişkiliydi. Total kolesterol, LDL-C, TG değerlerinde anlamlı yükselmeler görülmedi.

Keskin, Havva/0000-0003-1794-4473 WOS: 000475503600005 Objective: In acromegaly, the incidence of cardiovascular disease is higher compared to healthy population because of the association of secondary cardiovascular disease risk factors such as hypertension, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between Growth Hormone (GH), Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), and lipid profiles in patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly. Methods: This study included 57 newly diagnosed acromegaly patients and 31 healthy control cases. Blood samples were taken after a 12-hour night fasting to analyze the levels of the hormones, the lipid profiles, and the fasting blood glucose. Results: The mean of LDL-C level in the acromegaly group and control group were respectively 140.2 +/- 61.3 mg/dL and 115.6 +/- 30.4 mg/dL, (p=0.029), triglyceride level 137.6 +/- 84.0 mg/dL and 102.9 +/- 43.0 mg/dL, (p=0.027) and HDL-C level 41.5 +/- 10.5 mg/dL and 50.5 +/- 10.6 mg/dL, (p=0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between GH levels of LDL (r=0.375, p=0.002), TG (r=0.302, p=0.01), IGF-1 (r=0.634, p=0.0001) and HOMA-IR (r=0.699, p=0.0001), IGF-1 and LDL levels (r=0.295, p=0.01) and TG (r=0.476, p=0.0001). There was a negative correlation between HDL and GH (r=-0.399, p=0.001) and HDL with IGF-1 (r=-0.310, p=0.01). Conclusions: Acromegaly is a disorder characterized by an excess of GH and GH appears to adversely affect the lipid profile. It can be considered that this risk factor may be eliminated by the control of the levels of GH and IGF-1 in acromegaly patients. Further studies seem necessary for more clarifica-tion.

Bilgiye erisimin kolaylastigi gunumuzde, maalesef her birimiz zaman zaman; pratik, ayrintidan uzak ve hedefe yonelik bilgiye ulasmakta zorlanmisizdir. Elinizdeki bu eser, sahada birebir vaka gorup aktif calisan hekimlerimiz tarafindan kaleme alinmis olup kolay, anlasilir, ayrintidan uzak ve hedefe yonelik bilgileri vakalar uzerinden okuyucuya ulastirmayi hedeflemektedir. Aile hekimleri, ic hastaliklari hekimleri, endokrinoloji alaninda calisan ya da tiroid hastaliklari ile ilgilenen tum meslektaslarimizin ilgiile okuyup faydalanabilecegi bir kaynak olusturuldugu kanaatindeyiz. Siz degerli meslektaslarimizin geri bildirimleri ile bir sonraki baski ve eserde huzurlariniza daha oz guvenli cikmayi umuyoruz

Aim: Open cardiovascular surgery involves prolonged intubation, postoperatively in the intensive care unit monitoring. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term intubation after coronary artery surgery on laryngeal and pharyngeal structures and the probable underlying causes for such effects.Material and Methods: Forty two patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery were included in the study. All patients underwent endoscopic examination in the preoperative period and approximately 7th postoperative day. Results: Mean age of the patients was 61±9.98 years, mean duration of intubation was 14.80±3.41 hours (h) and mean size of intubation tube used was 8.02±0.45 mm. The number of preoperative smokers was 25(59.52%), and number of patients with preoperative gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms were 8(19.04%). The level of postoperative laryngeal and pharyngeal pathological findings were 38.09%. Postoperative laryngeal and pharyngeal pathological findings were correlated with age, length of intubation and preoperative presence of the gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms (p˂0.05). However, no statistically significant correlation was determined between postoperative pathological finding and sex, tube type, tube diameter, smoking status. Conclusion: Age, presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, length of intubation were identified as risk factors for the development of postoperative pathological laryngopharyngeal findings.

Objective. Herein, we investigated the balance of thiol/disulfide, with the hypothesis that the balance between disulfides and thiols, which are natural antioxidants, might be disrupted in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, which eventually leads to endothelial damage. Methods. In this study, we evaluated 51 patients diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia and 81 healthy subjects. Blood samples were taken from the patients after a minimum of 12 hours of fasting; samples were immediately centrifuged, stored in Eppendorf tubes, and preserved at −80°C. Results. This study found that thiol levels are significantly lower in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, whereas disulfide levels are higher (independent of age, gender, and body mass index). This means that in such patients, the thiol/disulfide balance changes in favour of disulfide. Conclusions. In this study, we found that the thiol/disulfide balance in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia is disrupted in favour of disulfide.

Acromegaly is a chronic disorder which is characterized by growth hormone (GH) excess. In most of cases, GH hypersecretion is derived from somatotroph cell tumors. Survivin is a member of apoptosis protein family, which was recently showed to be expressed in tissue samples of different benign and malignant human tumors. This study is intended to determine circulating levels of survivin in newly diagnosed acromegaly patients with somatotroph adenomas. 19 newly diagnosed acromegaly patients with somatotroph adenomas were inclu-ded in the study. Concurrently, 19 healthy individuals were included as control group. Serum survivin levels, GH, insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and, some other biochemical parame-ters as fasting glucose, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, cholesterol, triglyceride, high den-sity lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured in each subject. Correlation analysis was performed between survivin and GH, IGF-1. Serum survivin levels tended to be higher in acromegaly group, but this was not reach statistical significance (p>0.05). Serum survivin levels were comparable among acromegaly patients and controls. Neither GH nor IGF-1 correlated with serum survivin. Larger scale studies are needed concerning the circulating levels of survivin in patients with acromegaly. [Med-Science 2018; 7(2.000): 265-8]

Objectives. NLR (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio) and PLR (platelet-lymphocyte ratio) are prognostic markers of differentiated thyroid cancers. In our study, we evaluated NLR, PLR and C-reactive protein (CRP) for predicting the occurence of differentiated thyroid cancer. This is the first study that compares NLR and PLR to C-reactive protein indifferantiated thyroid cancer not only papillary cancer but also folliculer cancer. Methods. This study includes 51 papillary carcinoma, 42 papillary microcarcinoma and 31 folliculer carcinoma patients attending to our outpatient Endocrinology Clinic at Erzurum Region Training and Research Hospital between 2009 and 2014. The control group include 50 age, sex and body mass index matched healty subjects. Blood counts and CRP were measured at the day before surgery. Thyroglobulin was measured after 6 months of operation. Results. There were positive correlations between tumor diameter, age, white blood cell (WBC) and thyroglobulin levels. There were also positive correlation between NLR, PLR and CRP levels. Conclusion. In our study, we found out that higher NLR and PLR was associated with higher levels of thyroglobulin which indicates worse survival. CRP levels were also associated with poorer tumor profile but the determining rate was lower according to ROC analysis

Severe hypercalcemia is often caused by primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP), which is not commonly seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this case report a 77 years old woman with a history of SLE develops mild hypercalcemia secondary to unrecognized PHP that leads to a hypercalcemic crisis with a prolonged recovery. Therefore, early diagnostic evaluation of persistent hypercalcemia in patients with SLE is important for detection and appropriate treatment of PHP to avoid a hypercalcemic crisis and associated prolonged morbidity.

Objective. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), determined from peripheral blood, is accepted as an available and practical indicator of the systemic inflammation. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the NLR was higher in euthyroid chronic autoimmune thyreotidis (CAT) patients compared to a healthy control group. Methods. A total of 112 patients were enrolled in this study, including 59 patients with euthyroid CAT on any form of therapy and 53 healthy controls. Th e CAT patients were similar in age to the healthy control group (mean 33.9±12.8 years versus 30.2±12.4 years, p=0.10). Measurements were available for the white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, C-reactive protein (CRP), thyroid peroxidase immune antibody (anti-TPO), and anti-thyroglobulin immune antibody (anti-TG). The NLR and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated. Differences between the CAT and control groups were tested using the student’s t-test and the correlations were determined using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Results. There were no differences between the CAT and control groups for WBCs (7.9±0.3 and 7.4±0.2, respectively; p=0.1) or neutrophils (5.5±0.3 and 5.4±1.1; p=0.9), but lymphocytes were higher in the CAT group (3.1±0.5 vs. 2.04±0.1; p=0.05) as was the NLR (4.0±0.7 vs. 2.0±0.1; p=0.01). Th e NLR was positively correlated with CRP (r=0.6, p Conclusions. In this study, we found that NLR values were higher in euthyroid CAT patients than in a healthy control group and that NLR correlated with autoantibodies used to diagnose the disease.

Background & objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important cause of elevated liver functions. There is evidence showing an association between NAFLD and subclinical atherosclerosis independent of traditional risk factors. We undertook this retrospective study to determine the association of Framingham cardiovascular risk scoring system with liver function tests and inflammatory markers and to find the role of liver function tests in determination of CVD risk among non-obese and non-diabetic subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: A total of 2058 patients were included in the study. Framingham cardiovascular risk scoring was done of all patients according to the age, gender, systolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels, smoking and antihypertensive medication history. Liver function test, lipid profile, insulin, uric acid, ferritin levels, etc. were determined. Results: According to the ultrasonography findings, patients were grouped as without any fatty infiltration of the liver (control group) (n=982), mild (n= 473), moderate (n=363) and severe fatty liver disease (n= 240) groups. In severe fatty liver disease group, the mean Framingham cardiovascular risk score was significantly higher than that of other groups. t0 here was a positive correlation between GGT, uric acid and ferritin levels with Framingham cardiovascular score. In multivariate analysis, high GGT levels were positively associated with high-risk disease presence (OR: 3.02, 95% CI: 2.62-3.42) compared to low GGT levels independent of the age and sex. Interpretation & conclusions: Cardiovascular disease risk increases with the presence and stage of fatty liver disease. Our findings showed a positive correlation between elevated GGT levels and Framingham cardiovascular risk scoring system among non-diabetic, non-obese adults which could be important in clinical practice. Though in normal limits, elevated GGT levels among patients with fatty liver disease should be regarded as a sign of increased cardiovascular disease risk. Larger studies are warranted to elucidate the role of GGT in prediction of cardiovascular risk.

We evaluated the relationship between otitis media with effusion and thiol/disulfide homeostasis using a novel marker of oxidative stress.The study group consisted of 30 patients (mean age 8.33 ± 3.30 years) with bilateral otitis media with effusion admitted to our hospital. The control group consisted of 35 (mean age 7.40 ± 3.97 years) age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy subjects. Thiol/disulfide homeostasis was measured using a newly developed method.Native and total thiol levels were lower in the study than the control group (native thiols 421.37 ± 72 μmol/L vs. 464.46 ± 46.42 μmol/L, p 0.05; total thiols 468.42 ± 77.89 μmol/L vs. 501.32 ± 50.30 μmol/L, respectively). Disulfide levels and the disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol ratios were higher in the study group (disulfides 23.56 ± 4.68 μmol/L vs. 18.43 ± 4.94 μmol/L; disulfide/native thiol ratio 5.65 ± 1.05 vs. 3.97 ± 1.03%; disulfide/total thiol ratio 5.06 ± 0.83 vs. 3.66 ± 0.88%, respectively).Oxidative stress may be the major cause of the increase in oxidized thiols in patients with bilateral otitis media with effusion, however, this relationship requires further investigation.

Tutuncu, Neslihan Bascil/0000-0002-1816-3903; Gonen, Mustafa Sait/0000-0002-1089-623X; CORAPCIOGLU, DEMET/0000-0003-0940-9147; Satman, Ilhan/0000-0001-8613-1797; nuhoglu, irfan/0000-0003-0650-3242; Sahin, Ibrahim/0000-0002-6231-0034; Demirci, Ibrahim/0000-0003-0498-3115; Altuntas, Seher Cetinkaya/0000-0002-9733-9443; Yildiz, Bulent O./0000-0003-1797-7662; BALCI, Mustafa Kemal/0000-0002-6494-3249; Araz, Mustafa/0000-0001-6741-7474; Saydam, Basak Ozgen/0000-0001-9457-8919; Bozkus, Yusuf/0000-0002-6976-6659; Sabuncu, Tevfik/0000-0001-6504-5355; SELEK, ALEV/0000-0002-0646-8697; Ozturk, Feyza Yener/0000-0001-5584-4954; Salman, Serpil/0000-0003-4867-3725; AKBAS, EMIN MURAT/0000-0002-3033-0073; KIRIK, Ali Murat/0000-0002-5771-4843; Sonmez, Alper/0000-0002-9309-7715; Cesur, Fazil Mustafa/0000-0002-1029-2604, WOS:000452704800016, PubMed: 30244051, Aims: Turkey has the highest prevalence of diabetes in Europe. It is therefore essential to know the overall cardiovascular risk and reveal the predictors of metabolic control in Turkish adults with diabetes mellitus. Methods: A nationwide, multicenter survey consecutively enrolled patients who were under follow up for at least a year. Optimal control was defined as HbA1c, Turkish Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The TEMD study has been funded by the Turkish Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Automated blood pressure monitors were provided by Sanovel A/S. The funding agencies had no role in the design and conduct of the study; the collection, management, analysis and interpretation of the data; or the preparation, review or approval of the manuscript.

This study demonstrates that mean platelet volume (MPV) levels decrease after radioiodine (RAI) ablation therapy in hyperthyroid patients. Regarding the fact that large platelets are hemostatically more active, we suggest that hyperthyroid patients are at risk of cardiovascular disease despite all other cardiovascular risk factors. After RAI ablation therapy as MPV levels return to normal, cardiovascular risk for hyperthyroid patients reduces.

The aim of this study was to assess mean platelet volume (MPV) and its relationship with disease activity in patients with Behçet's disease. Thirty-six patients with an age of 38.9 ± 11 (mean ± SD) years and 40 controls aged 36.5 ± 12 (mean ± SD) years were enrolled the study. Demographic data, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), MPV, clinical findings such as oral aphthae, genital aphthae, erythema nodosum, acne, central nervous system involvement, uveitis, arthritis and arthralgia were all recorded. The MPV value in patients with Behçet's disease was 8.06 ± 1.0 (mean ± SD) and the MPV value of the control participants was 7.45 ± 0.6 (mean ± SD). MPV was statistically higher in patients with Behçet's disease than in the controls (P = 0.003). There were also significant differences between patients and controls according to ESR and CRP values (P0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). MPV was positively correlated with arthralgia (P0.001, r = 0.438), arthritis (P = 0.008, r = 0.307), erythema nodosum (P = 0.002, r = 0.354), central nervous system involvement (P = 0.002, r = 0.357), acne (P = 0.008, r = 0.312), genital aphthae (P0.001, r = 0.401) and oral aphthae (P = 0.001 r = 0.377). MPV can be easily obtained from the patients. It was a cheap and practical method. In the future, MPV may be used as a new marker to detect the activation of BD.

Objective To investigate serum nesfatin-1 levels at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy in women newly diagnosed with gestational diabetes and determine the association of nesfatin-1 with several metabolic parameters. Subjects and methods Forty women newly diagnosed with gestational diabetes at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy and 30 healthy pregnant women matched in age and gestational week were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum nesfatin-1 levels were analyzed using ELISA, and the relationship between nesfatin-1 and several metabolic parameters were assessed. Results Serum nesfatin-1 levels were found to be lower in women with gestational diabetes compared to the pregnant women in the control sample (p = 0.020). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that nesfatin-1 was lower in participants with gestational diabetes independently from gestational age, BMI, HOMA-IR, fasting plasma glucose, and age. In correlation analysis, the only variable that was found to have a statistically significant correlation with nesfatin-1 was gestational age (p = 0.015, r = 0.30). Conclusion Lower nesfatin-1 levels in women with gestational diabetes compared to the control group at 24-28 weeks of gestation draws attention to nesfatin-1 levels in gestational diabetes and motivates further research in this area.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome characterized by chronic widespread pain and the presence of specific tender points. The prevalence of FM has been estimated at 2-7 % of the general global population. The presence of FM in several rheumatic diseases with a structural pathology has been reported as 11-30 %. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of FM and to evaluate the possible relationship between FM existence and disease activity among rheumatic diseases. The study group included 835 patients--197 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 67 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 119 ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 238 osteoarthritis (OA), 14 familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), 53 Behcet's disease (BD), 71 gout, 25 Sjogren's syndrome (SS), 20 vasculitis, 29 polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), and two polymyositis (PM)--with or without FM. Recorded information included age, gender, laboratory parameters, presence of fatigue, and disease activity indexes. The prevalence of FM in patients with rheumatologic diseases was found to be 6.6 % for RA, 13.4 % for SLE, 12.6 % for AS, 10.1 % for OA, 5.7 % for BD, 7.1 % for FMF, 12 % for SS, 25 % for vasculitis, 1.4 % for gout, and 6.9 % for PMR. One out of two patients with PM was diagnosed with FM. Some rheumatologic cases (AS, OA) with FM were observed mostly in female patients (p = 0.000). Also, there were significant correlations between disease activity indexes and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire scores for most rheumatologic patients (RA, AS, OA, and BD) (p < 0.05; respectively, r = 0.6, 0.95, 0.887, and 1). Concomitant FM is a common clinical problem in rheumatologic diseases, and its recognition is important for the optimal management of these diseases. Increased pain, physical limitations, and fatigue may be interpreted as increased activity of these diseases, and a common treatment option is the prescription of higher doses of biologic agents or corticosteroids. Considerations of the FM component in the management of rheumatologic diseases increase the likelihood of the success of the treatment.

Objective: In the present study we investigated lipid parametersof Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) patientsand Diabetes Mellitus (DM) history of their family andrelatives.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, one hundred andtwenty patients with PCOS and 30 healthy controls wereinvolved at Erzurum Research and Training Hospital. History,Body mass index (BMI), ultrasonography findings,blood hormone profiles (Follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), thyroidstimulatinghormone (TSH), total and free testosterone(Total-T and Free-T), prolactin (PRL)), and serum lipids(total cholesterol (Total-C), high-density cholesterol (HDLC),low-density cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides(TG), fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin level weremeasured. HOMA-IR (Homeostatic model assessmentinsulinresistance) was calculated.Results: DM history in the family was found in 29 (24%)of PCOS patients and 2 (6%) of healthy controls. Thedifference between groups was statistically significant(p

Our study was undertaken to evaluate the levels of asymmetric dimethyl-arginine (ADMA) in a group of patients affected with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)--under ethinyl estradiol-cyproterone acetate treatment or not--as compared with a group of healthy controls.Fifty-eight women with PCOS and 45 patients as control group were included in the study. The 58 women with PCOS were separated into two groups: Group A (n = 29) were treated with an oral contraceptive pill containing 0.035 mg of ethinyl estradiol (EE) and 2 mg of cyproterone acetate (CA) (Diane-35) for 6 months. Group B (n = 29) did not take any drug. Group C (n = 45) was healthy women as control group. Serum levels of ADMA, lipid and glucose metabolism parameters, hormone profile were measured on the sixth month of treatment.ADMA levels were similar in women with PCOS and controls, whereas ADMA levels significantly decreased after a period of 6 months treatment with EE + CA in women with PCOS. ADMA levels and insulin resistance were decreased with treatment. However, patients with PCOS had significantly higher total cholesterol and Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) compared to controls, treatment with EE + CA did not provide any improvement on lipid parameters.Serum ADMA levels and insulin resistance were lower in PCOS group treated with EE + CA than control group.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome characterised by chronic common musculoskeletal pain, tenderness and other somatic symptoms (e.g. fatigue, headache, Raynaud’s phenomenon, sleep disorders, muscle strain, sicca syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, depression and anxiety). The prevalence of FM is approximately 2–7% in the general global population [1–3] and is 30–40% in the population of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) with a structural pathology [4–6]. AITDs comprise a spectrum of autoimmune disorders of the thyroid gland, which includes Graves’ disease and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT; also referred to as Hashimoto thyroiditis [HT]) [7]. In general, these disorders overlap. Perhaps 10% of women and 1% of men have CLT [7]. Those with HT may experience either hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, with hypothyroidism being the dominant characteristic, accompanied with musculoskeletal manifestations and chronic pain syndrome [8, 9]. FM is frequently associated with AITD [4–11], and its characteristics are similar to the symptom complex of hypothyroidism. Thus, insomnia, real or perceived weight gain, chronic fatigue, headaches, irritable bowel syndrome and arthralgia are common to both syndromes and not always responsive to hormone replacement therapy [9, 10]. However, a study reported that Btreatment for hypothyroidism does not affect FM; the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in women with suspected FM does not differ from that in the general population^ [12]. Although FM is a well-known clinical condition, its diagnostic criteria remain unclear. In 2010, new classification criteria for fibromyalgia were proposed, as an alternative to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1990 criteria [13, 14]. Thereafter, in 2011, a modified version of the 2010 criteria was proposed for use in clinical and epidemiologic studies [15]. A recent study highlights that the use of modified 2010 criteria was three times more diagnostic than the 1990 criteria [16]. In literature, there are, both, papers that support this opinion [17] and those that oppose it too [8, 18, 19]. During our literature search, we did not come across any study that has investigated the relationship between FM and AITD by using the new diagnostic criteria. The objectives of the present study were to identify the prevalence of FM in the AITD population and evaluate the associated features by using the new diagnostic criteria. Thus, we aimed to contribute to the literature of Bthe relationship between AITD and FM^ and Bthe usefulness of the new diagnostic criteria for FM^ by sharing our own data., Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome characterised by chronic musculoskeletal pain, tenderness and other somatic symptoms. The prevalence of FM is approximately 2–7% in the general global population and is 30–40% in the population of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) with a structural pathology. In 2010, new classification criteria for FM were proposed, as an alternative to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1990 criteria. The objectives of the present study were to identify the prevalence of FM in the HT population and evaluate the associated features by using the new diagnostic criteria. The study group included 79 consecutive patients with HT with or without FM. Recorded data included age, gender, laboratory parameters, sociodemographic features and clinical findings, presence of somatic symptoms, and disease activity indices. The prevalence of FM in patients with HT was 62%. Antithyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity, duration of disease, and waist circumference were significantly associated with concomitant FM (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, and p = 0.015, respectively). A strong positive correlation was noted between fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ) scores and disease duration, age, values of thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) and TPOAb, waist circumference and marital status. TPOAb was found to be independent of body mass index, age and TSH. Concomitant FM is a common clinical problem in HT and its recognition is important for the optimal management of the disease. The new set of diagnostic criteria for FM reinforces this situation. Consideration of the FM component in the management of HT increases the likelihood of treatment success.