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Industrial internet of things (IIoT) is the usage of internet of things (IoT) devices and applications for the purpose of sensing, processing and communicating real-time events in the industrial system to reduce the unnecessary operational cost and enhance manufacturing and other industrial-related processes to attain more profits. However, such IoT based smart industries need internet connectivity and interoperability which makes them susceptible to numerous cyber-attacks due to the scarcity of computational resources of IoT devices and communication over insecure wireless channels. Therefore, this necessitates the design of an efficient security mechanism for IIoT environment. In this paper, we propose a hyperelliptic curve cryptography (HECC) based IIoT Certificateless Signcryption (IIoT-CS) scheme, with the aim of improving security while lowering computational and communication overhead in IIoT environment. HECC with 80-bit smaller key and parameters sizes offers similar security as elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) with 160-bit long key and parameters sizes. We assessed the IIoT-CS scheme security by applying formal and informal security evaluation techniques. We used Real or Random (RoR) model and the widely used automated validation of internet security protocols and applications (AVISPA) simulation tool for formal security analysis and proved that the IIoT-CS scheme provides resistance to various attacks. Our proposed IIoT-CS scheme is relatively less expensive compared to the current state-of-the-art in terms of computational cost and communication overhead. Furthermore, the IIoT-CS scheme is 31.25% and 51.31% more efficient in computational cost and communication overhead, respectively, compared to the most recent protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Game-based Learning (GBL) is an alternative method for learners to experiencing a volatile environment in a safe place. In this environment, an alternative technique is required to facilitate the learning and to prevent injuries and potential hazards. Subjects involving elasticity are commonly considered as a hazardous issue and can cause injuries such as bouncing a ball. Elasticity is a subject that requires hands-on practicality for learners to experience the effect of elastic objects. In this paper, we have investigated the interaction between learners and elastic objects naturally in a safe environment using GBL. During the interaction, the potentials of natural interaction in the learning process had been observed to investigate the exhibited gestures over the learning procedure. GBL was developed using Kinect technology to teach elasticity to children aged 7-12 years old in primary school. The procedure comprises of detecting the gesture of body and defining the meaning of gestures exhibited during the learning process. The quantitative approach was applied to constantly monitor the interaction between the student and the system. Based on our results, we found that Natural Interaction GBL (Ni-GBL) made students feel that the educational game is useful indirectly because they can learn how to play the game easily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]