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The participation framework is utilized to track and screen whether an understudy goes to a class. There are various kinds of participation frameworks like Biometric-based, Radio recurrence card-based, face acknowledgment based and old paper-based participation framework. Out of them every one of the, a Face acknowledgment based participation framework is safer and efficient. There are a few examination papers zeroing in on just the acknowledgment pace of understudies.. This research focusing on a face recognition based attendance system with getting a less false-positive rate using a threshold to confidence We used Haar cascade for face detection of their strength and LBPH calculation for face acknowledgment. It is hearty against monotonic dark scale changes. Situations, for example, face acknowledgment rate, misleading positive rate for that and bogus positive rate with and without involving an edge in recognizing obscure people are considered to assess our framework. We got face acknowledgment pace of understudies is 77% and its bogus positive rate is 28%. This system is seeing students regardless, when students are wearing glasses or grown a beard development . Face Recognition of unknown persons is nearly 60% for both with and without applying threshold value. Its bogus positive rate is 14% and 30% with and without applying edge separately.

"The area of transportation planning deals with transportation facilities (usually streets, roads, walkways, bike lanes, and public transit lines)." It is vital to assess the present state of traffic volume and anticipate the future state of traffic volume in this field traffic volume survey. The purpose of traffic volume studies is to determine the number, movement, and categories of highway vehicles in a given region. An attempt was made to grasp traffic patterns throughout various time periods using data collection. The characteristics of the traffic flow at that crossroads also have an impact on traffic control. As a consequence, the study's findings are valuable in controlling traffic at the intersection and giving some corrective measures to improve traffic safety in the region. Based on the findings, corrective actions such as road widening or enhanced public transit may be recommended.

Introduction: One of the most common complications that one can encounter is the surgical site infection (SSI) after any surgical procedures especially after exploratory laparotomy for perforative peritonitis. A surgical wound is considered as infected when there is purulent drainage from the wound. The purpose of the present study was to compare the primary wound closure technique and delayed primary wound closure technique with regard to the rate of wound infection and other complications which are usually associated with the infection like wound dehiscence, stitch sinuses, incisional hernias and duration of hospital stay. Materials and Methodology: 120 participants were randomly divided into two groups with 60 subjects each for primary wound closure and delayed primary wound closure. Data was coded and entered in Microsoft Excel sheet and the data analysis was done using SPSS-17. Association between qualitative variables will be analysed using Chi-square test. Associations between quantitative variables were analysed using independent sample t-test. Non parametric tests were if whenever necessary. When a p value of less than 0.05 is considered as statistically significant.

To better understand the hydrometeorological mean conditions and changes in Nepal, this study analyzes annual and monthly changes of mean and extreme precipitation indices for 34 stations (1986–2015) and streamflow indices for 19 stations (different available periods ranging from 1962 to 2014). The annual and monthly precipitation–streamflow relations in the major basins of Nepal are also analyzed. Nepal has heterogeneous precipitation spatial patterns in its mean and changes. The spatial pattern of extreme precipitation shows that the dry regions are prone to dry extremes and wet regions are prone to wet extremes during the past three decades. However, the annual precipitation trend is decreasing in general and the monsoon-dominated regions, namely, southern, eastern, and central Nepal, are becoming drier with less intensive precipitation while the western region is getting wetter. The trend of annual precipitation on average is decreasing at the rate of 4.2 mm yr−1. The risk of drought is increasing in Nepal as 100% of stations show a positive trend of consecutive dry days (CDD) and the all-Nepal trend is 0.8 days yr−1, which can put stress on the agriculture and health sector. The highest increase in CDD is at Ilam in the eastern hills with 2.9 days yr−1. The Southeast Asian monsoon index shows a statistically significant 1-month-lagged influence on country-wise precipitation in Nepal. The effect of decreasing precipitation is seen in the streamflow trend as the majority of stations show decreasing runoff in June and July, as opposed to an increase in the winter months. CDD and maximum 1-day (Rx1day) and 5-day (Rx5day) precipitation significantly decrease with elevation.

In this work, we have mainly reported the effect of lanthanum substitution on structural, dielectric, impedance and transport properties of strontium iron niobate (i.e., Sr1-xLax(Fe0.5Nb0.5)1-x/4O3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2)). The materials were synthesized using standard ceramic technology. The preliminary structural analysis was done by using the room temperature X-ray diffraction data. The samples of higher concentrations (x = 0.15 and x = 0.20) show the development of an additional phase (i.e., LaNbO4 and Sr3La4O9). Studies of frequency and temperature dependence of dielectric parameters exhibit an anomaly and relaxor behavior in the compounds. The electrical impedance and modulus analysis of frequency and temperature-dependent data show the contributions of grains and grain boundaries in the resistive and capacitive properties of the compounds. The study of transport properties of AC conductivity has provided the conduction and relaxation mechanism. The substitution of La3+ has significantly changed the dielectric constant, tangent loss, and transport properties of the material.

Generally, resources are transported through manned transportation in a distant war zones. The manual transportation of the resources involve various constrains such as time consuming, risk, cost. Efficient management of these limited resources is one of the primary desiring factors to decide the fate of war. Compu-tationally, resource management is an non-deterministic polynomial hard (NP-hard) problem. In this work, several novel resources management algorithms are designed for defence systems by utilization the intelligence of UAV and Jaccard coefficient and Overlap coefficient mathematical support. The intelligent use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) facilitate resources management in faster, less risky and efficient manner. The proposed UAV assisted resource management algorithms are analyzed and validated over various synthetic simulated war going situations data sets. The proposed algorithms show significant performance in the total service time, utilization of deployed UAVs and number of flights.

Air conditioning systems that utilize solar energy are generally cost-effective when used to provide cooling requirements in commercial, home, and industrial buildings as well. The utilization of solar energy is the least compared to the various form of renewable energy sources. Air conditioning is required in hot and humid climates such as India to maintain thermal comfort in closed rooms. The widespread use of these air conditioning systems will significantly increase electricity demand during the summer. The country is facing major power supply problems due to power shortages. In this study, solar collector designed as per Delhi’s geological coordinates and 4 different times of hours i.e., 12, 14, 16 & 18 on 11 July of a year. From the numerical results, the flat plate collector in 12, 14, 16, & 18 h in a day on 11 June in Delhi, at 12 times of hours when the sun is at peak. From the temperature profiles, it is evident that the temperature on the absorber is very high and also efficiency. It was concluded that the efficiency and temperature of absorber at different 4 points of times in a day which helpful for researchers to design solar-powered air conditioner using a flat plate collector.

The propagation of high-frequency gravitational waves can be analyzed using the geometrical optics approximation. In the case of large but finite frequencies, the geometrical optics approximation is no longer accurate and polarization-dependent corrections at first order in wavelength modify the propagation of gravitational waves, via a spin-orbit coupling mechanism. We present a covariant derivation from first principles of effective ray equations describing the propagation of polarized gravitational waves, up to first-order terms in wavelength, on arbitrary spacetime backgrounds. The effective ray equations describe a gravitational spin Hall effect for gravitational waves and are of the same form as those describing the gravitational spin Hall effect of light, derived from Maxwell's equations.

In recent years, consumer electronics for providing better customer service has sought a significant growth. For production, storage and supply of goods to consumers, it is essential to have correct information, recognize and store the information efficiently in computers. Therefore, it is essential to have an efficient and handy bar code recognition system. This paper presents an efficient method for bar code and QR code recognition together. The method automatically detects the Bar code QR code and displays the complete information of the product. The method is developed in python environment using OpenCV library. However, OpenCV does not have any dedicated modules that can be used to read and decode Bar codes and QR codes. The database is developed at the authors’ Institute where bar codes and QR codes are separately assigned to more than 100 items such as books, sofa, tables and chairs. The image of the bar code or QR code is captured in real-time and further processed using the proposed method. The code is being decoded, compared with the Data frame of the stored product and finally, displays the result i.e, the complete information about the product. The execution time of the proposed method is 0.25 seconds. The proposed method can be further prototyped on micro-controllers to develop an efficient bar code recognition system.

Aim: (a) To study the clinical profile, demographics, symptoms, and indicators of patients with abdominal emergencies requiring non-traumatic surgery. (b) To determine the diagnosis and the appropriate treatment options for patients presenting to the emergency room with abdominal surgical crisis that are not trauma related. (c) To examine the results of various treatment approaches in patients who have non-traumatic surgical abdominal emergencies and present to the emergency room. Methods: The study included all non-trauma patients under 70 years of age who presented to emergency with abdominal pain. Results: In our analysis, acute appendicitis was the most frequent cause of acute abdomen, followed by acute intestinal blockage, cholecystitis, and nephrolithiasis. Conclusion: During the workup of these patients, clinicians must take several diagnoses into account; those individuals who may need surgical exploration should be recognised early to reduce their morbidity and death.

This proposes system is an autonomous train and it eliminates the need of any driver. Thus any human error is ruled out. In this project ATMEGA16 has been used as CPU. Whenever the train arrives at the station it stops automatically, as sense by an IR sensor. Then the gate opens automatically thus the travellers can go inside the train. It is equipped with a passenger counting section, which count the number of passengers leaving and entering the train. The additional feature has been added in this project electronically and mechanically as well, so to achieve high safety, quick delivery without any traffic congestions. The train runs between two predefined stations without having any driver inside in it. The most significance attributes of this prototype is it safety system. This advance Mechanized Metro Train perform automatic open and closing of door in each station and collision avoidance whenever the two train lies on the same track. The train is highly sensitive to any hurdle that comes into the track. The train will gradually stop and the information is send to the next station and also to central hub using IR sensor. In case of undergoing metro transportation we use LIFI communication to pass the message to next station when any obstacle or crack is detected on track to prevent from being happening of any casualties, count of the passenger inside the compartment will be monitored accordingly door locking system will work, RFID card use for ticketing as prepared metro card. Here we are also using renewable source such as solar and we use piezoelectric source alternatively to produce electricity which can be utilized efficiently in metro. We can implement metal detector or bomb detector features in metros door itself which produce more security. LCD’S are used for corresponding display., {"references":["1.\tHodge V.J., Keefe S.O., Weeks M., Moulds A. Wireless sensor networks for condition monitoring in the railway industry: A survey. IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems. 2017.","2.\tVijayanand B.S., Balaso P.P., Sanjay S.P., Borate S. RFID based metro train system. International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ). 2(8), 3008-3010p, ISSN 2395-1621, April 2017.","3.\tYin J., Chen D., Yang L., et al. Efficient Real-Time Train Operation Algorithms with Uncertain Passenger Demands. IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems.","4.\tImdad F., Niaz M.T., Kim H.S. Railway track structural health monitoring system. 15th international conference on control, automation and systems (ICCAS 2016). 2016.","5.\tMohammed T.S., Al-Azzo W.F., Akaak M.A., Suroor M.L. Full Automation in Driverless Trains: A Microcontroller Based Prototype. International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering. 3(7), July 2014. ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875."]}

In this communication, the effect of lanthanum substitution on structural and electrical characteristics of Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 (BFN) in different compositions (i.e. (Ba1-xLax) (Fe0.5Nb0.5)1-x/4O3, where x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2) has been reported. The samples of all the compositions were fabricated by using a standard solid-state reaction method. X-ray structural analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern/data confirms the formation of single-phase compound in monoclinic symmetry, except for x = 0.2 which has an additional secondary phase (called LaNbO4). The exterior morphology, composition and the elemental distribution in the samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX) techniques. Detailed analysis confirmed that the grains are uniformly distributed and densely packed with a larger size for the composition x = 0.15. The presence of diffuse phase transition along with the polarization loop confirms the relaxor ferroelectric behavior of the samples. Impedance studies reveal the semiconductor behavior (negative temperature coefficient of resistance) of the modified samples at high temperature. Nyquist plot was employed to analyze the contributions of grains, grain boundaries and the electrode effect towards the capacitive and resistive properties of the materials. The La3+ doping of x = 0.15 seems to have significantly enhanced the dielectric and ferroelectric behavior with a decrease in loss tangent of BFN.

Desalination of water containing high concentrations of calcium, dissolved carbon dioxide, sulfate, silica and other sparingly soluble salts is difficult because of the scaling potential. An innovative pre-treatment scheme was investigated at bench scale that selectively removes these constituents and produces a soft water to enable desalination with high feed water recovery. The process first removes dissolved carbon dioxide by air stripping at low pH. Magnesium is removed by precipitation at high pH. Calcium is removed by ion exchange (IX), and sulfate is removed by nanofiltration (NF). Cation regenerant from IX, containing calcium, and concentrate from NF, containing sulfate, is combined to precipitate gypsum. Concentrate from the desalination process consisting of a concentrated NaCl solution is used to regenerate the IX resins. The selective precipitation, IX, and NF processes were tested in laboratory experiments and produced magnesium hydroxide and gypsum at greater than 90% and 95% purity respectively. A process model was developed to calculate process performance, mass and liquid flow rates. The MRED process offers the following benefits: 1) greater recovery of brackish feedwater by a desalination process, 2) recovery of marketable commodities and 3) reduction in the volume and mass of waste products from the treatment process.

This paper is a case study of the construction of cross-passages between South Extension and Lajpat Nagar metro stations of line-7 of phase-III of Delhi Metro. The geological strata at the cross-passages, i.e. CP-18 and CP-19 mainly comprised of silty sand and were completely submerged under groundwater. CP-19 was located below a vacant field and CP-18 was located just below a road junction surrounded by residential houses. Initially, forepoling and TAM grouting were carried at both the cross-passages. At the time of excavation, flowing ground condition encountered at CP-19 and some settlement was also observed at the surface due to ground loss. For stabilizing the ground above CP-19 and to fill any cavity formed because of ground loss, compensation grouting was carried from the top surface. Also during the excavation, TAM grouting was carried on the excavated face of cross-passages to ensure stability of ground inside the cross-passage. At CP-18, due to space constraint and the presence of various utilities, compensation grouting was not possible from the top. Therefore, to encounter the problem faced at CP-19 and to mitigate any risk to the buildings above CP-18, in addition to forepoling and TAM grouting, chemical grouting was carried on the crown of cross-passage to avoid any ground loss. For restraining ingress of water and to provide compressive strength to the ground, polyurethane injection grouting with a very low viscosity was carried. By adopting this methodology, CP-18 was successfully constructed with minimal ground loss and with a maximum settlement of −11 mm observed at the ground surface.

Brain wave is a generic term used to refer to the electrical impulses generated by the neurons or during interaction between them. These impulses also known as Neural Oscillations can be observed by the measuring technique known as Electroencephalogram (EEG). Even though research in the field has been carried out since the 1960s, high level applications using brain waves have not emerged yet. Our objective will be to obtain EEG data for different thinking process and visual stimulus. The primary deterrent while obtaining EEG data is noise. The hardware setup is optimized to acquire the data with minimal interference. After initial data acquisition, filters are applied to reduce the noise and leave relevant data. After noise has been reduced and bandwidth limited, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) or Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification techniques are applied on the dataset to discreetly identify different wave charts generated due to different stimulus.

Background: Internet has become a widely used tool in a developing country like India as in the developed world and has shown exponential growth particularly in the past 10 years or so. There has been a growing worry among the intellectuals about what level of use can be termed as “more than desirable” and when should it be termed to be “Addiction.” Objectives: The objectives of this study were to find the sociobehavioral correlates and prevalence of internet addiction (IA), study the relationship of IA with internet use profile, and evaluate the risk factors associated with it among university students of TMU, Moradabad. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal cross-sectional survey was executed with sample size of 587 students from medical, nursing, physiotherapy, and engineering courses in the University of TMU after securing permission from their respective college authorities. Semi-structured, pre-designed, and pre-tested survey instrument consisting of “The IATest (Young, 1998)” after instructing them briefly was administered. Results: Of the total of 552 study subjects who took part in the study, 182 (32.97%) were girls and 370 (67.03%) were boys. The mean age of the students was found to be 19.5 years. Majority (64.31%) subjects were only mild users or non-addicts. On application of Young’s original criteria, as much as 2.54% of students were found to be addicts. Conclusion: In the modern days, obsession for having “All-knowledge” at fingertips, hype for social media and has variety to entertainment to name the few, the use of internet is but must; apart from the indispensable uses of internet, the college students are highly susceptible to IA that may cause wasting of the precious study time as well as their time for relaxation and recreational activities, ultimately affecting the educational situation unfavorably. Hence, the Universities/Educational Institutes should wake up to the impending problem and extenuate the use of internet mainly for scholastic purposes.