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Background and purpose: The incidence of antibiotic resistance rapidly emerges over the globe. In the present study, the synthesis of thiourea derivatives as antibacterial agents and their biological evaluation are reported. Experimental approach: Preliminary studies were done by molecular docking of four analogs of 1-allyl-3-benzoylthiourea, clorobiocin, and ciprofloxacin on the DNA gyrase subunit B receptor (PDB: 1KZN). The nucleophilic substitution reaction of benzoyl chloride analogs to the allylthiourea yielded four 1-allyl-3-benzoylthiourea analogs (Cpd 1-4). The reactions were done by a modified Schotten Baumann method. The in vitro antimicrobial activities were determined using the agar dilution method against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Findings/Results: The in-silico study showed that Cpd 1-4 possesses a good interaction on the DNA gyrase subunit B receptor compared to the ciprofloxacin. Cpd 3 had the best binding affinity with a rerank score of - 91.2304. Although the candidate compounds showed unsatisfactory antibacterial activity, they indicated an increasing trend of growth inhibition along with the increment of concentration. Cpd 1 and 4 exhibited in vitro antibacterial activities against MRSA with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 1000 µg/mL, better compared to the other compounds. Conclusion and implication: Despite lacking antibacterial activity, all the synthesized compounds showed an increased trend of growth inhibition along with the increment of concentration. Therefore, additional development should be implemented to the compounds of interest in which optimization of lipophilicity and steric properties are suggested.

Objective To investigate estrogen as one of risk factors in women with gallstone in Xinjiang. Methods Estradiol, luteinizing hormone(LH), follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH), testosterone, progesterone, and prolactin in 204 women with gallstone were compared with those in 204 control patients without gallstone. Results There were no statistically significant differences in LH, FSH, testosterone, progesterone and prolactin levels between Xinjiang female patients with gallstone and the patients in control group and between female patients with single stone and those with multiple stones. Estradiol level increased statistically significant both premenopausal women and postmenopausal women when compared with controls women. Higher estradiol level was found in female patients of multiple gallstones compared with that in female patients of single gallstone with statistically significant difference. Conclusions There was increase in serum estrogen of premenopausal and postmenopausal women combined with the higher estrogen level in women with multiple gallstones than those with single gallstone, which indicated the increasing in serum estrogen may be risk factor for gallstone disease and the pathogenesis of gallstone disease.

Abstract Background Slingshot homolog-1 (SSH1) plays an important role in pathological processes, including in the occurrence and development of tumours. The purpose of this study was to determine whether SSH1 is a key biomarker with prognostic value for survival in patients with gastric cancer. Methods We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarrays containing 100 gastric cancer specimens to evaluate SSH1 protein expression. The association of pathological characteristics with cumulative survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. A Cox proportional hazards model was generated in the multi-factorial survival analysis to identify univariate prognostic factors of GC. Results SSH1 expression level in gastric cancer tissues was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.032). Additionally, multivariate regression analysis clearly indicated that SSH1 expression was significantly correlated with poor clinical outcomes of patients with gastric cancer (P = 0.016). Multivariate analyses showed that SSH1 was the best predictor of poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer (P = 0.030). Conclusions SSH1 expression is associated with gastric cancer progression and predicts a poor prognosis. SSH1 may play an important role in the development of gastric cancer, and it is a promising target for prevention and/or treatment of gastric cancer.

Sampah yang dihasilkan di daerah perkotaan telah meningkat selama bertahun-tahun karena pertumbuhan populasi, perkembangan ekonomi lokal dan perubahan perilaku konsumen dan gaya hidup masyarakat. Dirjen Pengelolan Sampah, Limbah, dan B3 KLHK menyatakan bahwa seluruh jumlah sampah Indonesia pada tahun 2019 mencapai 68 juta ton dimana perkiraan sekitar 9,52 juta ton atau kisaran 14 persennya merupakan sampah plastik. Tujuan dilakukannya program kegiatan ini adalah peningkatan pengetahuan mengenai pemilahan sampah melalui edukasi Gerakan Peduli Sampah (GPS). Metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah, Emotional Demonstration (Emo-Demo), dan penyuluhan door to door serta pemberdayaan. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan perubahan perilaku oleh siswa SDN 29 Pebayan Penggalangan dan warga sekitar sekolah. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa pendekatan Komunikasi Antar Kelompok dan Individu dengan penerapan metode ceramah, Emotional Demonstration, dan penyuluhan door to door dalam peningkatan pengetahuan siswa dan masyarakat mengenai sampah sudah efektif.

To determine whether body weight and concentration dependent contrast medium (CM) injection protocols can improve patient to patient CT value uniformity more than the conventional injection protocols with fixed injection parameters in coronary CT angiography (CCTA), one hundred and sixty patients who underwent CCTA were prospectively randomized into two groups. Group A (n = 80) used individualized-protocol with adjusted injection rate based on patient weight and contrast medium concentration to obtain constant iodine load of 280 mgI/kg while group B (n = 80) followed the conventional contrast injection protocol with total injection volume of 80ml and constant injection rate of 5.5ml/s. For both groups, patients were further divided into four subgroups with different CM concentrations: A1, B1 (300 mg I/ml); A2, B2 (320 mg I/ml); A3, B3 (350 mg I/ml) and A4 and B4 (370 mg I/ml). For each patient, the CT values of the ascending aorta, left ventricle and coronary arteries were measured. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare CT values among subgroups. Among the subgroups of A, sufficient attenuation of greater than 300HU was obtained in all target vessels with no difference among them. Among the subgroups of B, the CT values had significant difference in left ventricle, left circumflex branch, proximal and distal segment of the right coronary artery (all p < 0.05), and the attenuation with 300 mg I/ml CM concentration was significantly lower than that with 370 mg I/ml. Compared with group B, group A used less volume (62.83 ml vs. 80.00 ml, P

Objective: To understand the distribution, fauna, population structure of host animals and their parasitic fleas as well as popular dynamic of animal plague of natural plague foci in Junggar Basin., Methods: Sample materials and data of animals and vector insects were collected using ecological methods and the population structures were analyzed statistically. F1 antibody of Yersinia pestis in rodents' serum and organ suspension was detected by means of IHA while the pathogen of Y. pestis in rodents and vector insects was detected by means of aetiological detections and the isolated Y. pestis was detected using biochemical methods., Results: The small mammals which were found in Junggar Basin belonged to 17 species of 11 genera 7 families. Of them, 13 species of rodents were included whose parasitic fleas belonged to 19 species of 10 genera 8 families. The average coverage of Rhombomys opimus hole-community was 22.5% in Junggar Basin with the average density of R. opimus hole-community was 15.9/hm2 and the average rate of habitat of the hole-community was 70.2%. In the R. opimus community, the average density of rodents was 3.1/hole-community, and 34.4/hm2 in the nature plague foci. In the population structure of the hole-community of R. opimus, R. opimus accounted for 72.9% in the total captured rodents, Meriones meridianus was 24.5% while the others were 2.6%. In the nocturnal community of rodents, M. meridianus accounted for 64.0% in total captured rodents, Dipus sagitta was 15.1%, M. erythrourns was 7.5% and the others were 13.4%. In the rodents community of Junggar Basin, the rate of R. opimus with fleas was 84.9%, which was the highest, followed by M. tamariscinus, Euchoreutes naso and M. erythrourns, with the rates as 71.4%, 66.7% and 62.7% respectively. The rate of M. meridianus with fleas was 38.3%. There were 16 species of parasitic fleas in R. opimus, with the total flea index as 8.58 and the dominant species was Xenopsylla skrjabini. There were 17 and 16 kinds of fleas in M. erythrourns and M. meridianus respectively with the total flea index were 1.59 and 1.15, with dominant fleas were Nosopsyllus laeviceps and X. skrjabini. The serum and organ suspension of 3179 rodents which belonged to 12 species were detected by means of IHA, of them 174 samples were positive and the positive rate was 5.5%. There were 1356 samples of R. opimus in these materials, and 164 were positive, accounted for 12.1%. The samples of M. meridianus were 1255, with 9 positive, accounted for 0.7%. The samples of D. sagitta were 116 with 1 positive and the rate was 0.9%. The samples of other rodents were 452 but were all negative. There were in total 2975 organs collected from rodents, when detected by methods of isolated of Y. pestis. 15 strains of Y. pestis were isolated from 1243 R. opimus, and 2 strains isolated from 1230 M. meridianus. A total number of 11 647 fleas from rodents were detected by methods of isolated of Y. pestis in which 1 strain of Y. pestis was isolated from 4713 X. skrjabini, and 6 were isolated from 2101 Xenopsylla minax, 1 from 328 Xenopsylla conformis conformis and 1 from 250 Echidnophaga oschanini. Among the other 4255 fleas, none was isolated. The biochemical properties of these Y. pestis which isolated from Junggar Basin were positive of Maltose, Ejiao sugar and Glycerol, and negative of Rhamnose and Nitrogen, which were all strongly poisonous to mouse., Conclusion: The natural plague foci in Junggar Basin spread all over the whole Junggar Basin. There were animal plague cases found in 12 counties (cites) while Karamy, Bole, Jimusaer and Qitai were confirmed as plague foci counties (cities). Animals and vector insects of the foci were complicated but the ecological system was stable. R. opimus was recognized as the dominant host animal and its biochemical type belonged to the Middle Ages, suggesting that the foci was a new type of natural plague foci.

Objective: To compare the molecular characteristics of 3 Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses(CCHFV) isolated in Xinjiang province., Methods: YL05035, YT05099 and LT05146 were isolated in 2005 from Hyalomma ticks and viral RNA was extracted from suckling mouse brains infected with these three strains respectively. The polymerase chain reaction(PCR) products of S segments from the 3 strains of CCHFV were directly sequenced., Results: The full-length'S RNA from the 3 strains of CCHFV all comprised 1673 nucleotides with ORF of them including 1449 nucleotides and encoding a protein which comprised 482 amino acids in a viral complementary sense. The sequences indicated that the three strains of CCHFV isolated from ticks in Xinjiang province were highly homologenic. Data from the phylogenetic analysis showed that the obtained sequences were identical. The homology between 3 strains of CCHFV was 99.5%. Their homologies compared with that of the other strains isolated from other region of Xinjiang were also high at nucleotide levels (92.7%-99.8%). The three strains which were clustered together with 7001 strain and 79121 strain (isolated from patient and rat in Xinjiang respectively) was only different by 2%-3%. The genetic difference from the prototype CCHFV Nigerian strain IBAR10200 was 13%. In comparison, the Nigerian CCHFV tick isolate was more divergent when compared with the reference China strains 66019 and with the three variants mentioned above., Conclusion: The CCHFV isolated from China comprised a group of genetically high conserved strains.