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Objective: To determine the severity and outcome of acute hepatitis in dengue patients. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Pak-Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Dec 2022 to Oct 2023. Methodology: The study included 215 confirmed cases of dengue infection. Data included demographic details day of ilness, clinical findings, laboratory parameters, duration of hospital stay, and mortality at the 20th day. Patients experiencing dengue complications such as bleeding and shock were monitored. We divided patients into two groups based on ALT levels: mild to moderate hepatitis with ALT levels up to 299 IU/L and severe hepatitis with ALT levels greater than 300 IU/. Results: A total of 215 patients with dengue fever were included in this study, out of which 184(83% were male) and 31(14% were female). Out of the total sample size, 181(86%) of patients had dengue fever, 75(33%) had dengue hemorrhagic fever, and 13(6%) had dengue shock syndrome. The study showed statisticaly significant differences in terms of bleeding in patients with mild/moderate hepatitis (median=109.50) and severe hepatitis (median=55.92), Z=2.52, p=0.012, r=0.174. Conclusion: This study concluded that severe hepatitis in dengue patients was associated with higher rates of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Severe hepatitis was also associated with decreased levels of platelets and higher rates of dengue complications like ascites and pleural effusion. It was also associated with a longer hospital stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the gaps in knowledge of medical ethics among undergraduates. Study Design: An observational cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at CMH Lahore medical College, from Aug 2017 to Mar 2018. Methodology: Students from 3rd to 5th year MBBS were included in this study. Sample size calculated was 272, non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used. To collect the data, a 25 item questionnaire was developed following An International Association for Medical Education (AMEE) guide line number 87. Five point likert scale was used as well as categorical yes/no questions were asked to assess the responses. Results: Data were collected from 3rd year to 5th year MBBS undergraduates. Response rate was 82.72%. There was almost equal gender distribution; 51.1 % were male and 48.9% were female. Most of the respondents, 95.6% and 95.1% were of the view that medical ethics are important and should be taught at undergraduate level respectively. Majority 72.4% said Hippocrates declaration oath was not taught adequately. Only 42% and 46% were aware of medical ethics regarding publication and organ transplant respectively. Total score was calculated which showed that knowledge of medical ethics was highest among 3rd year and lowest among 4th year medical students. Conclusion: Important ethical issues are being neglected in our current curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical ethics is a core issue for all specialties and is encompassed in professionalism. It is a presumption that not dealt appropriately in the undergraduate teaching curriculum. There is a paucity of awareness lectures and seminar workshops in teaching setups for medical ethics for undergraduates in developing countries. The current policy of PMDC does not provide a centralized curriculum for teaching of medical ethics in medical colleges, which results in lack of logical ethical reasoning among students. There is a need to develop a medical ethics curriculum taught by medical ethics department in every medical college in collaboration with the clinicians with real life case scenarios. Students should be evaluated through examinations at the end of every year with fixed hours dedicated to the teaching of the curriculum. Only, through these measures patient satisfaction will improve and medicine can achieve its lost glory and nobility in our part of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer is the most common cancer in males and second most common in females after breast cancer. We have compared our data with the international statistics to see where do we stand. In Pakistan, we do not have a valid central cancer registry at present which can provide a true picture of lung cancer. Therefore, we used statistics of GLOBOCON 2012, in order to evaluate the true burden of lung cancer in our population through the recently established data by PHRC (Pakistan Health and Research council). Our analysis showed that data depicting true incidence and mortality of lung cancer in Pakistan are lacking. GLOBOCON 2012 placed lung cancer as the 3rd most common cancer in Pakistan while PHRC 2016 placed it as the 10th most common cancer irrespective of the rise in smoking incidence in Pakistan over the past one decade. This calls for an urgent need to formulate a valid central cancer registry in the country in association with the local bodies.