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Burkholderia pseudomallei lethal factor 1 (BLF1) exhibits site-specific glutamine deamidase activity against the eukaryotic RNA helicase, eIF4A, thereby blocking mammalian protein synthesis. The structure of a complex between BLF1 C94S and human eIF4A shows that the toxin binds in the cleft between the two RecA-like eIF4A domains forming interactions with residues from both and with the scissile amide of the target glutamine, Gln339, adjacent to the toxin active site. The RecA-like domains adopt a radically twisted orientation compared to other eIF4A structures and the nature and position of conserved residues suggests this may represent a conformation associated with RNA binding. Comparison of the catalytic site of BLF1 with other deamidases and cysteine proteases reveals that they fall into two classes, related by pseudosymmetry, that present either the re or si faces of the target amide/peptide to the nucleophilic sulfur, highlighting constraints in the convergent evolution of their Cys-His active sites.

Very few research works have been done on XML security over relational databases despite that XML became the de facto standard for the data representation and exchange on the internet and a lot of XML documents are stored in RDBMS. In [14], the author proposed an access control model for schema-based storage of XML documents in relational storage and translating XML access control rules to relational access control rules. However, the proposed algorithms had performance drawbacks. In this paper, we will use the same access control model of [14] and try to overcome the drawbacks of [14] by proposing an efficient technique to store the XML access control rules in a relational storage of XML DTD. The mapping of the XML DTD to relational schema is proposed in [7]. We also propose an algorithm to translate XPath queries to SQL queries based on the mapping algorithm in [7].

Prioritization of transboundary animal diseases (TADs) and zoonoses in the IGAD region was conducted by IGAD Member States, namely, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan together with support from ICPALD and AU-IBAR. The main aim of the exercise was to develop clear control strategies and policies for focussing disease control efforts and the limited resources on few diseases in order to achieve efficient and effective disease control. The prioritization methodology for transboundary animal diseases and zoonoses according to Phylum was applied, taking into considerations, economic impact, human health importance, societal impact, environmental impact, feasibility of control methods and the ecological impact of the diseases. Overall, Rift Valley fever had the highest rank, followed by Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia, Newcastle Disease, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, Lumpy Skin Disease, Peste des Petits des Ruminants, Rabies, Brucellosis, Bovine Tuberculosis, Foot-and Mouth Disease and Sheep and Goat Pox. In conclusion, the IGAD region is encouraged to facilitate systematic efforts towards rolling forth priority diseases through focused national efforts, harmonized regional strategies and streamlined stakeholder investment in the region.Key words: Target, priority, animal diseases, zoonoses, control, interventions, IGAD region Maladies animales transfrontalières et zoonoses prioritaires Ciblées dans la région IGAD pour les interventions de contrôle Les États membres de l’IGAD, à savoir Djibouti, l’Éthiopie, l’Érythrée, la Somalie, le Soudan du Sud et le Soudan, ont procédé à une définition des maladies animales transfrontières et zoonoses prioritaires dans la région IGAD, avec le soutien de l’ICPALD et de l’UA-BIRA. L’objectif principal de cette priorisation était d’élaborer des stratégies et politiques de contrôle claires visant à concentrer les efforts de contrôle des maladies et les rares ressources disponibles sur certaines maladies afin de parvenir à un contrôle efficace et efficient. La méthodologie de priorisation des maladies animales transfrontalières et des zoonoses selon leur phylum a été appliquée, en prenant en considérations l’impact économique, l’importance pour la santé humaine, l’impact sociétal, l’impact environnemental, la faisabilité des méthodes de contrôle et l’impact écologique des maladies. Dans l’ensemble, la fièvre de la vallée du Rift a été mise en tête des priorités, suivie de la péripneumonie contagieuse bovine, la maladie de Newcastle, l’influenza aviaire hautement pathogène, la dermatose nodulaire contagieuse, la peste des petits ruminants, la rage, la brucellose, la tuberculose bovine, la fièvre aphteuse et la clavelée du mouton et la variole caprine. En conclusion, la région IGAD est encouragée à faciliter des efforts systématiques visant à contrôler les maladies prioritaires à travers des activités nationales ciblées, des stratégies régionales harmonisées et une rationalisation des investissements des parties prenantes dans la région.Mots-clés : ciblées, prioritaire, maladies animales, zoonoses, contrôle, interventions, région IGAD