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Background: Prediabetes is a global health problem among the non-communicable diseases and much effort has been exerted in the past in response to the increased prevalence of prediabetes. The objective of this scoping review is to describe evidences on the types of prediabetes diet and intervention studies available for prediabetes and its effects on glycaemic control. Materials and Methods: The scoping review was conducted based on the framework by Arksey and O'Malley. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) diagram was used as a guide to record the review process. Articles from years 1995 until 2020 on prediabetes diet among adults aged 18 years and above were retrieved based on the keywords using electronic databases (Ovid, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar). Virtual library databases were also included in the searches. Result: A total of 652 articles were identified through database searches and 20 records were identified through manual search. A total of 205 duplicate records were removed and subsequently, the titles and abstracts of 467 records were screened for inclusion. The full texts of 223 articles were reviewed for eligibility, and finally, 78 studies were included in the review. Conclusion: The prediabetes state is reversible and provides an opportunity for treatment. Therefore, the focus on nutrition must be included in diabetes prevention strategies. Currently, a diet low in fat intake, rich in fiber, whole grains, and fruits and vegetables, as well as a Mediterranean-type diet, may be recommended for the prevention of diabetes in prediabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Fall is a health problem for older persons. This study investigates the potential factors of concern: the nutritional status of older persons and non-communicable disease association with incidence of falls. Methods This study used data from NHMS 2018, and conducted a cross-sectional design by applying two-stage stratified cluster sampling. Descriptive statistics such as the percentage of each variable were done. Factors associated with falls were determined at both univariate and multivariable levels using simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression. The data were presented as standard values for each analysis and adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI with p values (<0.05). Results A total of 3,867 from 3,977 elderly (mean age 68.2+ 6.85) were recruited with the response rate of 97.2%. Factors associated with fall were 70 years old and above (AOR= 1.34, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.64), obesity (AOR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.98), undernutrition (AOR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.30, 1.94), persons with 2 NCDs (AOR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.92) and persons with 3 NCDs (AOR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.16). Conclusions Advanced age, malnutrition, obesity, and having two or more NCDs are associated with falls in the NHMS 2018 study. In conclusion, falls are prevalent among older persons. There is an urgent need for public health strategies and programmes to decrease the incidence of modifiable risk factors and early identification of those at risk. Implementation of fall preventive programs which includes multifactorial interventions at hospitals and homes can also significantly reduce incidence of falls among older persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Childhood obesity is a public health problem in Malaysia. Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) is associated with obesity in children. There is a lack of studies on factors associated with SSB consumption in Malaysia. This study aimed to determine the sociodemographic factors associated with SSB consumption among Malaysian adolescents. Methods: Data of 2,021 students, aged 10-17 years on sociodemographic, SSB intake and anthropometrics were drawn from the school-based Adolescent Nutrition Survey 2017. A multistage stratified cluster sampling was used to obtain a nationally representative sample of primary and secondary school students. Body mass index (BMI)-for-age status was determined based on calculated z-score using the World Health Organization 2007 reference. SSB consumption was obtained from a food frequency questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Malaysian adolescents were 16.6% and 14.7%, respectively. Malaysian adolescents consumed 1.4 cups of SSB per day. Rural children had a significantly higher SSB intake (1.5 cups) than urban (1.3 cups) children, while males (1.5 cups) had a significantly higher intake than females (1.3 cups). There were no significant differences in SSB consumption between thin, normal, overweight and obese adolescents. Conclusion: Almost all Malaysian adolescents consumed SSB during one month prior to the survey and the average amount consumed was 1.4 cups per day. Rural locality and male were associated with higher SSB consumption. There were differences in SSB consumption between Chinese and Malays, between Chinese and Indians, and between Chinese and Bumiputra Sarawak. There were no differences in consumption between the different BMI-for-age categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Body weight misperception refers to a perception of either underestimation or overestimation of own body weight irrespective of actual body mass index. This study aimed to determine body weight misperception and its associated factors among Malaysian adolescents. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study with two-stage stratified cluster sampling data was obtained from Adolescents Nutrition Survey 2017 which involved 40087 adolescents aged 10 to 17 years old. Socio-demography and body weight perception data were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis using complex sample was performed for data analysis. Result: Findings showed that among adolescents who were actually in overweight categories but misperceived themselves to be thin and normal was 49.3%. Logistic regression revealed that boys [aOR: 1.16 (95% CI: 1.089, 1.228)], primary school [aOR: 1.51 (95% CI: 1.393, 1.644)] and taking dietary supplement [aOR: 1.11 (95% CI: 1.048, 1.183)] were significantly associated with body weight misperception. Conclusion: This findings should be utilised by relevant programme managers in developing school-based health promotion program through education or curriculum syllabus to inculcate healthy body image among the adolescent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive salt intake has been linked to the development of hypertension and non-communicable diseases. This study aims to explore the different types of salt reduction intervention implemented among adults aged ≥18 years and to identify the suitable settings, duration and tools used for effective salt reduction interventions. This review adapted the established structured scoping review framework by Arksey and O'Malley. Related articles from the year 2008 to 2018 were retrieved based on the study objectives using keywords in electronic databases and through a bibliographic search of books, reports, conference proceedings, posters and summaries. Out of 130 potentially relevant full-text articles assessed, 14 articles were included in the review. Suitable salt reduction initiatives for the community who regularly consume home-cooked food are through cooking and usage of a tool such as a salt-restriction spoon, together with awareness on the benefits of salt reduction in their daily diet. Healthy catering initiative should be implemented in the workplace or institution-based settings. Policy development targeting the source of salts such as mandatory usage of salt-substitutes or Front-of-Pack labelling of salt content in all food products suitable for population-level intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adolescence is an important growth period for individuals. High prevalence of obesity among adolescents in Malaysia in recent years is worrying. This study aims to assess associations of gender and BMI-for-age status (BAZ) with nutrient intake of adolescents between 13-17 years old in Malaysia. Methods: Data of 999 respondents were drawn from Adolescent Nutrition Survey 2017; a cross-sectional school-based survey involving adolescents aged 10 to 17 years old. Respondents were selected using multistage stratified cluster sampling from 13 states and three federal territories in Malaysia to ensure nationally representative data. Data collection was undertaken from March until May 2017. Dietary intake was assessed using a single 24-hours dietary recall conducted via face-to-face interview by trained nutritionists. Nutritionist ProTM Diet Analysis Software was used to calculate nutritional intake values. Anthropometric measurements were measured using validated equipment. Nutritional status of the respondents was assessed using BMI-for-Age z-score and categorised based on WHO Growth Reference 2007. Results: The mean energy intake of the adolescents was 1972 kcal/day. Majority of the adolescents had normal BMI (74.6%) while overweight, obese and thinness were 12.0%, 7.2% and 6.2% respectively. Boys had significantly higher intakes of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, sugar, cholesterol, thiamin, Vitamin A, calcium, iron, sodium and potassium compared to the girls. Obese adolescents had significantly higher energy, carbohydrate, fat, sugar, Vitamin A and calcium intakes compared to other BMI groups. Conclusion: The findings highlighted the need for cultivating self-awareness on healthy eating among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]