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Background: The issue of climate change has currently become a critical concern for the global community as it affects the transmission and spread of a wide range of diseases. This study aims to examine the literature and scientific evidence concerning the impact of climate change on vector-borne diseases. Materials and Methods: In this review research, a comprehensive search and review of texts was conducted in various databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The MeSH framework was used as the search strategy for articles published from 2009 to 2022. Results: The results showed that weather and environmental factors can have positive or negative effects on the growth rate, mortality, and reproduction of vectors of infectious diseases. Climate changes also affect the transmission of diseases based on an unknown mechanism. In addition, weather crises, such as floods and droughts impact pathogens, vectors, and hosts of diseases. Accordingly, many vector-borne diseases have a high potential for vulnerability to climate and weather conditions because of various animal vectors and hosts. Conclusion: The prevalence and incidence of vector-borne diseases are affected by climate changes, especially parasitic diseases caused by mosquitoes, which are among the diseases sensitive to climate conditions. Therefore, it is essential to understand the mechanism of the relationship between climate change and disease transmission. It is suggested to conduct studies to provide prediction models and temporal-spatial analysis of the impact of climate changes on infectious diseases and disease vectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to review the literature to introduce some effective plant-derived antioxidants to prevent and treat COVID-19. Natural products from plants are excellent sources to be used for such discoveries. Among different plantderived bioactive substances, components including luteolin, quercetin, glycyrrhizin, andrographolide, patchouli alcohol, baicalin, and baicalein were investigated for several viral infections as well as SARS-COV-2. The mechanisms of effects detected for these agents were related to their antiviral activity through inhibition of viral entry and/or suppuration of virus function. Also, the majority of components exert anti-inflammatory effects and reduce the cytokine storm induced by virus infection. The data from different studies confirmed that these agents may play a critical role against SARS-COVID-2 via direct (antiviral activity) and indirect (antioxidant and anti-inflammatory) mechanisms, suggesting that natural products are a potential option for management of patients with COVID-19 due to the lower side effects and high efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

So far, the effect of fenofibrate on the performance, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of broilers have not been investigated. For this reason, this study was performed to evaluate the effects of different levels of fenofibrate on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of broilers in a completely randomised design with three treatments, four replicates and 10 one-day-old male Ross 308 strain chicks per replicate for 42 d. Experimental treatments included three levels of fenofibrate (0, 50 and 100 mgkg−1), which were used in combination with the basal diet. Results showed that 100 mgkg−1 fenofibrate in the diet increased the weight gain and European production efficiency factor (EPEF) and reduced feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the whole period compared to the control (p <.05). The effect of experimental treatments on blood serum and immune system parameters other than spleen and bursal weights was not significant (p >.05). The number of E. coli, coliform and clostridium bacteria in the caecum decreased with the use of fenofibrate in comparison with the control group (p <.05), but fenofibrate increased the lactobacilli population in the caecum (p <.05). According to the results, the use of 100 mgkg−1 fenofibrate in the diet is recommended to improve some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of broilers. The accumulation of fat in the body of chickens is an undesirable trait for producers and consumers. Fenofibrate is a derivative of fibric acid and a blood fat-lowering chemical used to lower cholesterol levels in cardiovascular patients. The results of this study showed that the use of fenofibrate is effective in improving performance, and reducing the population of harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the influence of myoinositol (MYO) as an antioxidant on the inhibition of the negative impacts of cryopreservation on sperm quality in men with Asthenospermia was investigated. In this prospective study, each semen sample from 25 cases was separated into three groups: Fresh, Control (with freezing medium), Myoinositol (2 mg/ml). According to the World Health Organization criteria (WHO) (2010), total motility, progressive sperm motility, viability, normal morphology, and DNA integrity were assessed. In addition, the hypo‐osmotic swelling (HOS) test and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were used. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant enzyme activity were determined by the ELISA method. In contrast to the fresh samples, lipid peroxidation, DNA integrity damage, DNA fragmentation, HOST, and MMP had significant enhancement in the control samples. Sperm quality was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Mean percentage viability, normal morphology, total motility, progressive motility, and DNA integrity were significantly enhanced in the MYO group in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). The MDA and TAC levels and DNA damage in the MYO group were significantly lower compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The findings confirm that sperm quality in patients with Asthenospermia is improved by the administration of 2 mg/ml of myoinositol together with the freezing medium after sperm cryopreservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Langmuir rate equation, a linear combination of the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics models, is expressed as d θ d t = k 1 (θ e − θ) + k 2 (θ e − θ) 2. This study introduces a novel theoretical approach to evaluate the percent contribution of these kinetics models in constructing the Langmuir rate equation for 18 selected adsorption systems. The proposed approach accurately calculates the contribution of the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics models, providing valuable insights into their relative significance in the adsorption process. The findings offer important implications for understanding and modeling adsorption kinetics in diverse systems. • Introducing a novel method for quantifying the contribution of PFO and PSO models in the Langmuir rate equation. • Determining the contribution of PFO and PSO models in the Langmuir rate equation for 18 adsorption systems. • Validating the high accuracy of the integrated Langmuir rate equation in calculating the equilibrium adsorption capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Melatonin as an antioxidant agent can have an effective role in lung development. In this study, the effect of melatonin administration on lung injury in the neonate mice was assessed. Materials and Methods: Lung injury was induced by two injections of 15 mg/kg methylazoxymethanol (MAM) on gestational day 15 (E15). Pregnant BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: Control (CO), Melatonin (MEL), Luzindole (Luz), MAM, and MAM+MEL. Melatonin and luzindole were intra-peritoneally injected at a dose of 10 mg/kg (from E15 until delivery). Histopathological changes including: hemorrhage, neutrophils infiltration and fibrosis in the neonate lung were studied by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's Trichrome staining. Alveolarization and alveolar wall thickness were measured. Results: In histological examination, hemorrhage, neutrophils infiltration and fibrosis were seen in the MAM and Luz groups; however, these injuries were attenuated in the MAM plus melatonin group. Significant reduction of alveolarization was recorded in the MAM and Luz groups compared to the control group, while the alveolar wall thickness was significantly increased in these groups compared to control group. Conclusion: Administration of exogenous melatonin in pregnant mice could have a protective effect on the pulmonary development of neonates and could decrease lung injury in neonate mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Copper/ reduced single layer graphene oxide (Cu/ rSLGO) was developed by a simultaneous in-situ reduction of Cu+2 ions and SLGO nanosheets. • The SP2 hybridization of rSLGO nanosheets and the conductive connections between them by Cu nanoparticles lead to good antistatic properties. Abstract Development of a surface with simultaneous antibacterial and antistatic properties is necessary for some special environments like operating rooms and high-tech industries. Multifunctional copper/ reduced single layer graphene oxide (Cu/ rSLGO) nanohybrid has been developed to induce these simultaneous properties in waterborne polyurethane coatings (WPU). The Cu/ rSLGO nanohybrid was synthesized through the in-situ reduction of Cu+2 ions and single layer graphene oxide nanosheets without using any secondary reducing reagent. FESEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, EDX, UV–vis, and TGA analyses were used to characterize morphological, structural, crystallographic, and thermal properties of the prepared nanohybrid, and the modified WPU coatings were studied by SEM, AFM, contact angle, TGA, DLS, and mechanical properties analyses. The results of the colony counting method exhibited that the Cu/ rSLGO nanohybrid has a strong antibacterial activity with 92% and 80.66% of the loss of viability for S. aureus and E. coli bacteria, respectively. Moreover, adding 3%wt Cu/ rSLGO nanohybrid and the creation of sufficient conductive pathways throughout the WPU matrix lead to the electrical surface resistance of the modified coating reaches 4.8 × 10+9 Ω/sq which falls into the electrical surface resistance range of commercial antistatic coatings. Furthermore, utilizing the Cu/ rSLGO in the WPU coating not only provided thermal resistance but also, enhanced its mechanical properties compared with the coating made of pristine waterborne polyurethane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Melatonin, which is an antioxidant and neuroprotective agent, can be an effective treatment for neurological disorders. We assessed the effect of melatonin administration on histological changes, antioxidant enzyme levels, and behavioral changes in a neonate mouse model of cortical malformation. Materials and methods Cortical malformation was induced by two injections of 15 mg/kg methylazoxymethanol (MAM) on gestational day 15 (E15). Pregnant Balb/c mice were randomly divided into the following six groups: Control (CO), Melatonin (MEL), Luzindole (LUZ), MAM, MEL + MAM1 (co-treatment), and MEL + MAM2 (pretreatment). Melatonin was intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 10 mg/kg daily (from E15 until delivery of from E6 for 20 days after delivery). On postnatal day 31, the activity and anxiety of mice were assessed by open field and elevated plus maze tests, respectively. Histopathological changes in the neonate cortex were studied using hematoxylin and eosin staining and neurofilament immunohistochemistry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure the activity of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), super oxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Results In the behavioral assessment of neonate mice, a significant increase in the crossing activity and decrease in anxiety were recorded in groups treated with MAM plus melatonin. In histological examination, heterotopic, dysmorphic, and ectopic cells, as well as dyslamination, were seen in the MAM and LUZ groups. However, these defects were attenuated in the MAM plus melatonin groups. Significant reductions were recorded in the SOD and GPX levels in the MAM and LUZ groups compared to the control, while the NO level was increased in these groups. Groups that received MAM plus melatonin showed significant increases in the levels of SOD and GPX and a significant decrease in the level of NO, compared to the MAM group. Conclusion Melatonin increased the crossing activity and decreased the anxiety in the treated mice of the neonate mouse model of cortical malformation. Histologically, the administration of exogenous melatonin in pregnant mice and their neonates had a protective effect on the cerebral cortex of neonates. Also, this effect is elicited by decreasing NO and increasing antioxidative enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Flexibility is considered as one of the most significant components of rehabilitation protocols including two definitions: static flexibility measured by the Range of Motion, and dynamic flexibility measured by stiffness. Generally, a normal flexibility is necessary for an appropriate posture and flawless activity in daily life. With regard to various methods that contribute to increasing flexibility of hamstring muscles, the current study aimed at investigating immediate effects of Muscle Energy Technique (MET) on hamstring flexibility and stiffness in healthy young females Materials and Methods: Ten healthy young females with the mean age of 22.5±2.67 years old participated in the study. Flexibility was measured via active knee extension and modified sit-and-reach test, and stiffness was measured based on the ratio of torque to angular changes via Biodex System 3 before and after MET interventions by post-isometric relaxation method. Results: The amounts of active knee extension and modified sit-and-reach tests significantly increased after MET intervention; the amounts of active knee extension and modified sit-andreach increased significantly (P<0.001). Moreover, the estimated hamstring stiffness decreased significantly in comparison with its values before treatment (P<0.001) Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that MET may improve hamstring flexibility as well as its stiffness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determination of heavy metals at trace levels has a great deal of importance due to their undesirable effects on human life. In this study, N,N′-bis (acetyl acetone) ethylenediimine (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -EDN) was synthesized and applied for dispersive solid phase extraction of copper in water and cereal samples followed by FAAS. Sorbent characterization was investigated by SEM, FT-IR, EDX and VSM. The effective parameters were optimized using a central composite design. Under the optimal conditions, LOD (S/N = 3) and LOQ, preconcentration factor and RSD% were found to be 1.5 ng mL −1 , 4.0 ng mL −1 , 13 and 2.3%, respectively. The calibration curve was linear within the range of 4.0–175 ng mL −1 with r 2  > 0.998. Relative recoveries were achieved within the range of 90.0–95.0%. With thanks of the good resulting analytical performance in this work, the proposed method can be applied as a suitable alternative for trace analysis of copper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some special advantages of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA), including biocompatibility and non-toxicity, make it a good choice to be used in drug delivery systems. The large swelling capacity of PVA requires to be adequately stabilized to ensure that carriers could be retained in water. Thus, to form electrospun fibers and improve stability in aqueous mediums, PVA is often exposed to a stabilization process. In this work, PVA/sodium alginate (SA) nanofibers with core/shell structure were fabricated by electrospinning of PVA (10 w/v%) and SA (2 w/v%) in water. The electrospun nanofibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. These characterizations showed that there were good interactions between PVA and SA caused by probable hydrogen bonds. In vitro tests exhibited that the core/shell structure of PVA/SA nanofibers could be regarded as a suitable carrier for the controlled release delivery of dexpanthenol (delivery for 150 h), as well it was indicated that the drug release from dexpanthenol-loaded nanofibers follows Korsmeyer-Peppas model with Fickian diffusion mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of the orientations and concentrations of the Stone–Wales (SW) defects on the thermal conductivity of zigzag and armchair graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) is explored using the reverse non-equilibrium molecular dynamics method. The results show that the thermal conductivity of GNRs with two different chirality cases reaches the minimum in the range of 0.1–0.7% defect concentration. Beyond a critical value of the SW defect concentration, the thermal conductivity increases with the increase in SW concentration for both zigzag and armchair GNRs. It is shown that at high concentrations of the SW defects, the thermal conductivity of zigzag GNRs with Type II defects is larger than the GNRs with Type I defects. Finally, the dependence of the SW defect concentration and orientation on the power spectra overlaps have also been explored. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction: Critical thinking is a process of analysing, synthesising and evaluating the information in order to achieve an answer or conclusion. Aim: To evaluate the effect of critical thinking education on problem solving skills and self-esteem. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was carried out among Iranian female high school students, from November to December 2016. Cassidy and Long’s Problem Solving Questionnaire and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale were used for data collection. A multistage random sampling was used. First, two high schools of girls were randomly selected and all study participants were asked to complete the problem solving questionnaire. Then, 60 students who had lower scores in problem solving skills (10-14) were identified and randomly assigned to the experimental and control group. The experimental group received eight 60 minutes sessions of critical thinking education. Before and after the intervention, students completed Problem Solving questionnaires and Rosenberg selfesteem scale. Data analysis was performed by the Multivariate Analysis Of Variance (MANOVA). Results: There was a significant correlation between problem solving skills and self-esteem (r=0.389, p=0.002). There was a significant difference between groups in problem solving skills (p=0.0001) and self-esteem (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Educating about critical thinking to the students had a positive effect on problem solving skills and self-esteem. Therefore, it can be said that critical thinking education is one of the important tools to create, cultivate and increase problem solving skills and self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nuchal Translucency (NT) is the sonographic form of subcutaneous gathering of liquid behind the foetal neck in the first trimester of pregnancy. There is association of increased NT with chromosomal and non-chromosomal abnormalities. Aim: The purpose of this systemic review was to review the pregnancy outcome of abnormal nuchal translucency. Materials and Methods: The present systematic review was conducted by searching English language articles from sources such as International Medical Sciences, Medline, Web of science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, Index Copernicus, DOAJ, EBSCO-CINAHL. Persian articles were searched from Iranmedex and SID sources. Related key words were "outcome"," pregnancy", "abnormal", and "Nuchal Translucency" (NT). All, randomized, descriptive, analytic-descriptive, case control study conducted during 1997-2015 were included. Results: Including duplicate articles, 95 related articles were found. After reviewing article titles, 30 unrelated article and abstracts were removed, and 65 articles were evaluated of which 30 articles were duplicate. Finally 22 articles were selected for final analysis. Exclusion criteria were, case studies and reports and quasi experimental designs. This evaluation has optioned negative relationship between nuchal translucency and pregnancy result. Rate of cardiac, chromosomal and other defects are correlated with increased NT≥2.5mm. Cardiac disease which were associated to the increased NT are heart murmur, systolic organic murmur, Atrial Septal Defect (ASD), Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), tricuspid valve insufficiency and pulmonary valve insufficiency, Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) and Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA). The most common problems that related with increased NT were allergic symptoms. Conclusion: According to this systematic review, increased NT is associated with various foetal defects. To verify the presence of malformations, birth defect consultations with a perinatologist and additional tests are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply chain management (SCM) is one of the most important competitive strategies employed by the modern enterprises. The main aim of SCM is to integrate different suppliers to gratify market demand. Meanwhile, supplier selection and evaluation play an important role in establishing an efficient supply chain. Supplier selection as an essential component of SCM is usually a multi-criteria decision problem in which actual business contexts may be solved in the absence of precise information. Three objective functions are minimization of costs, maximization of presented units as well as maximization of on time delivery, respectively. In order to solve the problem, a compensatory fuzzy model was proposed to satisfy the decision-maker’s aspirations for fuzzy goals. The proposed approach could be efficiently applied to obtain non-dominated solutions. A numerical example was given to demonstrate how the approach was employed. So, for solving the problem, Lingo software was used. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We derive the matrix elements of Coulomb interaction between states with different numbers of electrons and holes in a semiconductor nanocrystal within the eight-band k • p theory. These matrix elements are responsible for multiple exciton generation which may contribute to the enhancement of the efficiency of solar cells. Our calculations are performed within the multiband envelope function formalism based on the states resulting from diagonalization of the eight-band k • p Hamiltonian. We study in detail and compare two contributions to the interband Coulomb coupling: the mesoscopic one, which involves only the envelope functions and relies on band mixing, and the microscopic one, which relies on the Bloch parts of the wave functions and is nonzero even between single-band states. We show that these two contributions are of a similar order of magnitude. We also study the statistical distribution of the magnitudes of the interband Coulomb matrix elements and show that the overall coupling to remote states decays according to a power law favorable for the convergence of numerical computations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The population dynamics of single exciton and biexciton states in a simple model of a spherical semiconductor nanostructure is modeled numerically in the presence of Coulomb coupling between single and two exciton states and a dissipation channel in order to study the transient biexciton population that occurs in an optically excited semiconductor nanocrystal. The results show that the system evolution strongly changes if the dissipation is included. In a certain range of parameters, the growth of the exciton number (multiple exciton generation process) is fast (on picosecond time scale) and the following decay (Auger process) is much slower (hundreds of picoseconds). In some cases, the maximum occupation of the biexciton state increases when dissipation is included. The dynamics of an ensemble of nanostructures with a certain size dispersion is studied by averaging over the energy of the biexciton state which can be different for each single nanostructure. The validity of Markov and secular approximation is also verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The objective of this study is to measure the Compton profile of a titanium coating on a glass substrate, comparing it with a profile computed by the Hillman and Skilman program based on the Hartree–Fock model. The experimental Compton profile was obtained using 661.7keV gamma-rays from a 1Ci 137Cs source and a 3″×3″ NaI(Tl) detector. The experimental, theoretical and unfolded Compton profiles of titanium have been compared. The results illustrate the breadth of experimental Compton profile in comparison with the two others. This difference can be mainly attributed to the Doppler broadening effect, the final quantum state of the electron and partly by the approximations implemented in the theoretical model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A high number of HIV positive babies are born each year, whereas by highly effective preventive measures, the risk of mother-to-child transmission can be decreased significantly. There are different methods (for example mandatory versus voluntary) for HIV screening in pregnant women, but there are debates on conducting HIV testing by these methods. One of the most important issues in this field is its ethical considerations. Also its limitations cannot be ignored. According to these facts several keywords were searched by search engines such as Web of Sciences, Medline, Google scholar, WHO website. The most relevant and recent articles were chosen. Concerning the importance of vertical transmission of HIV, the role of preventive measures, ethical considerations, and the limitations of HIV screening, we recommend HIV testing offer to every pregnant women at the first clinic visit by providing enough information for patient and considering her autonomy. Also policy makers should provide a guideline for this test according to the pregnant women's autonomy, confidentiality, and dignity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Piriformospora indica colonization increases physiological parameters to enhance adapt to stress. • Piriformospora indica colonization adjusts gene expression in the host plant to reduce negative effect imposed by drought stress. • Piriformospora indica colonization helps the tomato plants to tolerate the drought stress. Endophytic fungi can colonize several plant species and, in that way significantly alleviate the adverse effects of environmental stresses. Endophytic fungus of the order Sebacinales, Piriformospora indica, can be cultivated axenically and colonizes the root of a wide range of plants, not only promotes the growth, but also increases the plant tolerance to abiotic stress. The present study evaluated the effect of the inoculation of two tomato cultivars (Superluna and Caspian) with P. indica to ameliorate the effect of drought stress by analyzing plant growth, and some morpho-physiological parameters. Also, the expression and promotor analysis of LEA14, TAS14, GAI, and P5CS genes was investigated. Results showed that drought stress decreases shoot fresh and dry weight, relative water content and proline level. The tolerant cultivar (Caspian) had a higher level of Shoot weight, RWC and proline compared to the sensitive cultivar (Superluna). Likewise, P. indica colonization increased the measured factors in both tomato cultivars under normal and drought stress conditions. Also, gene expression analysis showed that except for the GAI gene, the expression of other genes was increased in drought and fungus treatments, and the interaction effect of the two treatments increased the expression of these genes. The results suggested that the symbiotic association between plant and fungus could help the tomato plants to tolerate the drought stress through physiological and molecular pathways, opening up a window of opportunity for its application in sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The present work develops two numerical models to compute thermal phenomena during pulsed laser welding. The first one which is based on finite difference model calculates the welding width and its penetration by utilizing heat transfer equations. Parametric design capabilities of the finite element code ANSYS were also employed for the simulation of the second model. The transient temperature profiles, the fusion dimensions and the heat affected zones (HAZ) have been calculated here. The thermo-physical properties are dependent on temperature and so a nonlinear solution is employed. It is found that the temperature profile and penetration depth are strongly dependent on the pulse parameters of laser beam. Finally, the results of the two models and the experimental outcomes are compared. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

There is an increased risk of neural tube defects and axial skeletal malformations among infants born by mothers who had received Valproic acid…The aim of the present study is, if administration of valproic acid can induce maternal hepatic Metallothionein (MT) synthesis and so secondary decrease of plasma Zn. In the present experimental study, mated rats were divided into four groups of 12 animals each [control, valproic acid (VPA), valproic acid + zinc (VPA+ Zn) and Zinc (Zn) groups]. The VPA group received 300 mg/kg valproic acid; daily. The control group received an equal volume of 0.9% NaCI. The VPA+ Zn group received 300 mg/kg VPA as well as 30 mg/kg zinc sulfate, and the Zn group received 30 mg/kg zinc sulfate, daily. These drugs were administered intraperitoneally from day 6 through day 15 of gestation. Dams were killed on GD 16 or 20. Blood was drawn to determine plasma zinc; furthermore, maternal liver Zn and MT were also determined. The zinc concentration in the plasma of rats treated with valproic acid was significantly lower than those of the other groups on GD 16 (p=0.004), but liver Zn (p=0.016) and MT (p=0.004) were significantly higher than those of the control group. On GD 20 the incidence of skeletal malformations and neural tube defects tended to be higher in VPA group than VPA+ Zn treated group and no anomalies were seen in the control group. The results from the present experiment support hypothesis that one of biochemical lesions causing the teratogenicity of VPA is a drug -induced maternal plasma zinc deficiency secondary to Metallothionein induction in liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Among many conventional techniques, nuclear techniques have shown to be faster, more reliable, and more effective in detecting explosives. In the present work, neutrons from a 5Ci Am–Be neutron source being in water tank are captured by elements of soil and landmine (TNT), namely 14N, H, C, and O. The prompt capture gamma-ray spectrum taken by a NaI (Tl) scintillation detector indicates the characteristic photo peaks of the elements in soil and landmine. In the high-energy region of the gamma-ray spectrum, besides 10.829MeV of 15N, single escape (SE) and double escape (DE) peaks are unmistakable photo peaks, which make the detection of concealed explosive possible. The soil has the property of moderating neutrons as well as diffusing the thermal neutron flux. Among many elements in soil, silicon is more abundant and 29Si emits 10.607MeV prompt capture gamma-ray, which makes 10.829MeV detection difficult. The Monte Carlo simulation was used to adjust source–target–detector distances and soil moisture content to yield the best result. Therefore, we applied MCNP4C for configuration very close to reality of a hidden landmine in soil. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Nowadays, nanocomposite coatings have gained much attention from both academic and industrial aspects mainly because of the outstanding properties which they can offer simultaneously. Specifically, anti-corrosion properties can make them one of the best choices to solve destructive corrosion problems. Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles have been synthesized to create these outstanding properties in vegetable oil-based polyurethane coatings. To this end, epoxidized soyabean oil was utilized to synthesize polyol and produce polyurethane coatings, and NiO nanoparticles were incorporated into the obtained coatings. The obtained coatings were evaluated through the FTIR, H NMR, and FESEM techniques and their performance in terms of water uptake, anticorrosion and antibacterial properties were investigated. The obtained results clearly showed that the presence of NiO nanoparticles has had an undeniable effect on the performance of the coating in protecting mild steel substrate against corrosion. Moreover, using these nanoparticles has created remarkable antibacterial properties in the coating besides improved mechanical performance compared to pure polyurethane coating. [Display omitted] • Flower-like Nickel Oxide (NiO) as a multifunctional nanoparticle was developed by a facile hydrothermal technique. • Using the epoxidized soybean oil as a renewable resource to synthesize polyol and polyurethane resin efficiently. • The NiO multifunctional nanoparticle induced anticorrosion properties in polyurethane-based coatings. • PU-based coatings containing flower-like Nickel Oxide nanoparticles could inhibit bacteria growth. • The mechanical properties of polyurethane-based coatings could be improved by adding NiO multifunctional nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Polyaniline/cationic reduced graphene oxide (P-RGO+) nanohybrids were developed by the in-situ interfacial polymerization method. • The good exfoliation of RGO+ nanosheets and the passive layer of PANI nanofibers can prevent the diffusion of corrosive agents to the metal surface. • The SP2 hybridization of RGO+ nanosheets and the conductive connections between them by PANI nanofibers lead to a good antistatic property. • Antibacterial activity of the nanohybrid is justified by the positive charge of PANI and the physical damages occurred by RGO+ nanosheets. Development of a coating with simultaneous anticorrosion, antistatic, and antibacterial properties is an important issue which has gained attention from both academic and industrial societies. Multifunctional Polyaniline /cationic reduced graphene oxide (P-RGO+) nanohybrid has been synthesized to induce these properties in waterborne polyurethane (WPU) coatings. The cationic reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (RGO+) were obtained through the in-situ reduction and functionalization with Dimethylformamide (DMF). The cationic reduced graphene oxide nanosheets were intercalated with Polyaniline nanofibers (PANI) to prepare a binary nanohybrid (P-RGO+). This nanohybrid was characterized through the FTIR, XRD, FESEM, and zeta potential techniques and its effect on anticorrosion, antistatic, antibacterial, and mechanical properties of the waterborne polyurethane coatings was studied. The results of Tafel and EIS plots exhibited that the modified coatings have an improved performance in term of protecting steel substrates against corrosion. Moreover, in the presence of the nanohybrid, the electrical surface resistance of the obtained coating reduced to reach 9.8 × 10+6 Ω/sq so that it can be counted as an antistatic coating. Moreover, utilizing P-RGO+ nanohybrid in the WPU dispersion not only improved antibacterial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria but also caused the enhanced mechanical properties of the modified coating compared with the pristine coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Langmuir adsorption rate equation was obtained in its exact, linear, and simple form. Using Stochastic Numerical Simulation, it was demonstrated that this equation can accurately calculate the adsorption rate constant (k a), which is more precise than the values obtained using pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) models. The derivation conditions of the PFO and PSO kinetics models from Langmuir kinetics were also investigated. The results showed that the PFO model can be obtained at two limit states: at C e ≅ C 0 and at C e ≪ C 0 with a very low fractional coverage. Also, the PSO model is derived under the condition C e → 0 and θ e → 1. The accuracy of the exact Langmuir model, both linear and nonlinear, and the theoretical derivation conditions of the PFO and PSO models were examined using several sets of kinetics data generated by the Stochastic Numerical Simulation method. The simulation results supported the theoretical approaches of this study. • Obtaining the exact solution of the Langmuir kinetics (EIL). • Deriving the Pseudo-First-Order model under the condition of C e ≅ C 0. • Deriving the Pseudo-First-Order model at short initial times of adsorption under C e ≪ C 0 condition. • Deriving the Pseudo-Second-Order model under the condition of C e → 0 and θ e → 1. • Evaluating the derivation conditions of PFO and PSO models using the Stochastic Numerical Simulation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sexual dysfunction refers to a chain of psychiatric, individual, and couple's experiences that manifests itself as a dysfunction in sexual desire, sexual arousal, orgasm, and pain during intercourse. The aim of this systematic review will be to assess the sexual dysfunction and determine the relevant factors to sexual dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum. Methods and analysis: All observational studies, including descriptive, descriptive-analytic, case-control, and cohort studies published between 1990 and 2019, will be included in the study. Review articles, case studies, case reports, letter to editors, pilot studies, and editorial will be excluded from the study. The search will be conducted in the Cochrane Central Register, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, EMBASE, ProQuest, Scopus, WOS, and CINAHL databases. Eligible studies should assess at least one of the sexual dysfunction symptoms in pregnant women or in the first year postpartum. Quality assessment of studies will be performed by two authors independently based on the NOS checklist. This checklist is designed to assess the quality of observational studies. Data will be analyzed using Stata software ver. 11. Considering that the index investigated in the present study will be the level of sexual disorder, standard error will be calculated for each study using binomial distribution. The heterogeneity level will be investigated using Cochran's Q statistic and I2 index in a chi-square test at a significance level of 1.1. Predictable limitations of this study included a small number and unacceptable quality of studies. Discussion: This systematic review addresses the factors associated with sexual dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum. Considering the high prevalence of sexual dysfunction among women, the treatment of this problem has been highly sought after by the World Health Organization in recent years. The results of this study can help discover new strategies by introducing factors affecting women's sexual dysfunction, thereby eliminating or diminishing these factors, and play an important role in improving the quality of life of women during pregnancy and postpartum periods. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42018083554 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction the article "Interband Coulomb coupling in narrow-gap semiconductor nanocrystals: k • p theory," by Pawel Machnikowski and Maryam Azizi that was published in the 2015 issue is presented.

Background: Iran is exposed to several kinds of hazards throughout the country. Disasters cause mental health distress among survivors and disaster rescuers. Most psychological symptoms may decrease in time, but they could persist for months or even years in some individuals. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the consequences of exposure to traumatic events with its components, which are derived from rescuers' life experiences. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study based on content analysis was conducted according to Landman and Graneheim approach. Through the purposive sampling method, 17 semi-structured interviews were applied until reaching data saturation. Interviews were transcribed verbatim. In the next steps, data condensing, labeling, coding, and defining categories were conducted. Results: Based on the experience of the study participants, two main concepts with four categories and 12 subcategories were developed. Two main concepts included regression and resilience consequences. Conclusion: Emergency departments should be aware of work-related mental health and behavioral problems and provide appropriate support programs to prevent ineffective consequences of incidence scene psychological distress and empower the rescuer's resiliency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite advances in anticancer drug development and discovery, the survival of patients is so poor. A deep need for discovery of novel anticancer drugs is among priority issues in medicinal chemistry now. A new series of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were designed and synthesized by means of bioisosteric replacement. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation was carried out with respect to PC3 (prostate carcinoma), HT29 (colorectal cancer) and SKNMC (neuroblastoma) cell lines using MTT assay, and the obtained results were compared to imatinib as a reference drug. Spectroscopic methods including 1H NMR, IR, and MS were used for characterization of the synthesized compounds. Generally, none of the tested compounds showed superior activity in comparison to imatinib against PC3 and SKNMC cell lines. However, compound 3b (IC = 3.69 ± 0.9 μM) and 3e(IC = 15.31 ± 2.1 μM) exhibited higher activity than imatinib (18.1 ± 2.6) against HT29 cells. Some of the obtained 1,2,4-triazole derivatives can be proposed as potential anticancer agents - in particular, against colorectal cancer - but further structural modifications and experimental tests are needed to increase the anticancer activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vegetable oils are important renewable sources that have been used as alternative feedstocks to petroleum for the synthesis of polyols. Polyols are compounds that contain multiple hydroxyl groups in a molecule and are a major component of polyurethanes. One of the oldest problems that many industries face today is corrosion. Polyurethane coatings reduce the rate of corrosion reactions but are not completely impermeable to corrosive agents. Nanoparticles, due to their high surface area and small particle size, can improve the performance of polyurethane coatings and block the penetration of corrosive agents. This research aims to prepare polyurethane coatings using soybean oil-based polyol and investigate the corrosion resistance performance of polyurethane coatings by adding Zinc Molybdate (ZnMoO 4) nanoparticles. To achieve this goal, a polyol based on soybean oil was synthesized through the ring-opening reaction of Epoxidized soybean oil. Then, polyurethane coatings with 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 wt% of ZnMoO 4 nanoparticles were prepared. Characterization of the polyurethane coatings was performed using FTIR, HNMR, and FESEM. The mechanical properties were also examined. Finally, the corrosion resistance activity of these nanocomposites was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization tests. The results showed that adding 0.5%w/w of ZnMoO 4 nanoparticles can improve the performance of polyurethane coatings against corrosion, as the nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed on the surface of the coating and blocked the penetration of corrosive agents. Therefore, 0.5 wt% ZnMoO 4 nanoparticles can be considered as the optimal amount in this experiment. Moreover, the modified coating with ZnMoO 4 nanoparticles can effectively act against both gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria. [Display omitted] • The epoxidized soybean oil was used as a renewable resource to synthesize polyol. • ZnMoO 4 nanoparticle has a corrosion protection ability, creating anticorrosion properties in polyurethane-based coatings. • PU-based coatings containing ZnMoO 4 nanoparticles could inhibit the growth of bacteria. • Adding Zinc Molybdate nanoparticles to the PU matrix could improve the mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon nitride two-dimensional (2D) materials are among the most attractive class of nanomaterials, with wide range of application prospects. As a continuous progress, most recently, two novel carbon nitride 2D lattices of C 3 N 5 and C 3 N 4 have been successfully experimentally realized. Motivated by these latest accomplishments and also by taking into account the well-known C 3 N 4 triazine-based graphitic carbon nitride structures, we predicted two novel C 3 N 6 and C 3 N 4 counterparts. We then conducted extensive density functional theory simulations to explore the thermal stability, mechanical, electronic and optical properties of these novel nanoporous carbon-nitride nanosheets. According to our results all studied nanosheets are found to exhibit desirable thermal stability and mechanical properties. Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations on the basis of machine learning interatomic potentials predict ultralow thermal conductivities for these novel nanosheets. Electronic structure analyses confirm direct band gap semiconducting electronic character and optical calculations reveal the ability of these novel 2D systems to adsorb visible range of light. Extensive first-principles based results by this study provide a comprehensive vision on the stability, mechanical, electronic and optical responses of C 3 N 4 , C 3 N 5 and C 3 N 6 as novel 2D semiconductors and suggest them as promising candidates for the design of advanced nanoelectronics and energy storage/conversion systems. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain (NSCLBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders among different societies. Manual therapists use different approaches for NSCLBP management and or treatment. Comparing manual techniques is a considerable controversial debate among treatment approaches. This study aimed at comparing the immediate effects following Maitland mobilization technique and Mulligan Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glide (SNAG) on flexion and extension in patients with the NSCLBP. Materials and Methods: Eighteen volunteers with NSCLBP were randomly divided into three groups: Posteroanterior (PA) mobilization, SNAG, and Sham SNAG. The PA mobilization techniques (Grade III) were performed on prone lying position (four sets of four repetitions; last 30 seconds for each technique). The SNAG techniques were performed accompanying with active flexion in sitting position (four sets of six repetitions). The sham SNAG technique was applied in sitting position while therapist touched gently patients' backs (three sets of four repetitions). Flexion and extension Range of Motions (ROMs) were measured before and immediately after applied interventions (by inclinometer). Results: Within group analysis showed significant changes of flexion and extension in ROMs in SNAG and PA mobilization groups. Between groups analysis pointed out significant difference between the SNAG and placebo groups after interventions. Conclusion: Our results revealed increased flexion ROM following the SNAG technique and increased extension ROM after Maitland PA mobilization. However, our limited sample size might influence final results. More studies with larger sample size will be suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the pregnancy outcomes between four regimens of luteal phase support (LPS), including vaginal progesterone, oral dydrogesterone, combination of oral dydrogesterone and gonadotropin releasing hormone analog (GnRH-α), and combination of oral dydrogesterone and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), in Frozen-thawed Embryo Transfer (FET) cycles.Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed during a 6-month period, including candidates for FET. Patients were randomly assigned to four groups for LPS: 400 mg vaginal progesterone suppository twice daily, 10 mg oral dydrogesterone twice daily, 10 mg oral dydrogesterone twice daily combined with injection of 0.1 mg GnRH-α, and 10 mg oral dydrogesterone twice daily combined with injection of 1500 IU hCG. Primary endpoint included clinical pregnancy rate, ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR), and miscarriage rate (MR).Results: A total of 400 FET cycles were analyzed. CPR was significantly lower in dydrogesterone group (9 %) when compared to vaginal progesterone (20 %), dydrogesterone and GnRH-α (25 %), and dydrogesterone and hCG (17 %). Logistic regression showed that only dydrogesterone group had significantly lower CPR in comparison with vaginal progesterone (OR = 0.39; p = 0.03), while it was comparable between other three groups. There were no significant difference between four groups regarding to OPR and MR.Conclusion: Vaginal progesterone provides appropriate LPS. Yet, combination of oral dydrogesterone and GnRH-α or hCG can be more suitable option compared to vaginal progesterone for LPS in women with vaginal irritation or discharge at a lower cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Liver is an important organ that is exposed to many oxidant and carcinogenic agents, thus antioxidant compounds are beneficial for liver health. Artemisia contains flavonoid compounds and antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Due to possessing terpene and sesquiterpene compounds, this plant has antioxidant properties. This study was done to investigate the effects of Artemisia plant extract on thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: For induction of hepatotoxicity, 50 mg/kg thioacetamide was injected intraperitoneally (i.p). After extraction and purification, the hydroalcoholic extract was injected i.p. at 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg doses for 21 days together with thioacetamide at 50 mg/kg dose in the last 3 days. After blood sampling and separation of serum, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, and total protein concentrations were measured. Results: Significant decreases in aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities and significant increases in the concentration of albumin and total protein in groups treated with the extract compared with thioacetamide-treated group were observed (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate that protective effects of Artemisia extract against the thioacetamideinduced hepatotoxicity may be due to its ability to block the bioactivation of thioacetamide, primarily by inhibiting the activity of Cyp450 and free radicals. Artemisia possesses quercetin. Studies have demonstrated that quercetin inhibits lipid peroxidation and as an antioxidant can inhibit lipid peroxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physalis alkekengi by effective ingredients such as alkaloids, glucocorticoids and because of antioxidant property can play a role in homeostasis. The aim of this study was to examine the possible effects of fruit extract of P. alkekengi on blood homogram. Materials and Methods: Forty male rats were divided to control, sham (normal saline) and experimental groups (highest, moderate and minimum doses of alcoholic extract). Then, the blood samples were taken in order to perform laboratory test by Sysmex analyzer, and were analyzed using ANOVA. Results: Results showed that the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit increased and white blood cells decreased. Conclusion: Fruit extract of P. alkekensi is probably effective in treatment of anemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on a study that compared the sexual, child rearing and family attitudes of Iranian immigrants in the United States and Iranians in Iran. Participants of the study; Method; Results and discussion.

• The stability of H-, F- and Cl-diamanes 2D lattices is examined. • Mechanical and electronic properties of H-, F- and Cl-diamanes are studied. • Effects of number of carbon atomic layers on the intrinsic properties are explored. Most recently, fluorinated diamond monolayer so called "F-diamane" has been successfully experimentally realized via fluorination of bilayer-graphene (Nat. Nanotechnol. 15 (2020), 59–66). Motivated by this experimental advance, we conduct density functional theory simulations to explore the stability, mechanical, electronic and optical properties of diamane nanosheets. In this work we consider diamane nanosheets functionalized with H, F and Cl atoms. We particularly examine thickness effect on the properties of functionalized diamane nanomembranes. According to phonon dispersions and ab-initio molecular dynamics results, thermal and dynamical stability of studied systems are confirmed. It is found that by increasing the number of carbon layers in diamane the elastic modulus and tensile strength increase. Analysis of electronic band-structures reveal that while H- and F-diamane are wide band gap semiconductors and insulators, respectively, Cl-diamanes are direct band gap semiconductors, highly promising for nanoelectronics applications. Optical calculations show that Cl-diamane can absorb the visible light whereas H and F counterparts absorb ultraviolet range of light. First-principle results by this study provide a comprehensive vision on the thickness dependent mechanical, electronic and optical responses of functionalized diamane nanosheets and can serve as a useful guide for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Novel corona virus, named COVID-19, has spread rapidly to other countries like Italy, Iran and South Korea and affected all people, especially health-care providers. Therefore, due to the rapid spread of the disease in Iran, the aim of the present study was to explore psychological distress experienced by Iranian health-care providers in the first few weeks of the corona virus outbreak. Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted on 18 Iranian health-care providers exposed to COVID − 19 using a content analysis method. Purposeful sampling was used to select the participants and continued until data saturation was reached. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and then the qualitative data were analyzed through direct content analysis. Results: By analyzing 236 primary codes, two main categories were extracted from the experiences of health-care providers during corona virus outbreak. The first category included Occupational demands with three sub-categories: nature of illness, Organizational demands and social demands. The second category was Supportive resources included personal support and social support. Conclusions: The results of this study found that there were some barriers and challenges to medical personnel exposed to COVID-19 that caused psychological distress. Some of these problems related to the nature of illness, others related to social and organizational demands and some of supportive resources buffer the relationship between occupational demands and psychological distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]