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1. Spatiotemporal Modeling of Cholera, Uvira, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2016-2020

Author

Ratnayake, Ruwan, Knee, Jackie, Cumming, Oliver, Saidi, Jaime Mufitini, Rumedeka, Baron Bashige, Finger, Flavio, Azman, Andrew S., Edmunds, W. John, Checchi, Francesco, and Gallandat, Karin

Subjects
Statistics, Usage, Risk factors, Cholera -- Statistics -- Risk factors, Epidemics -- Statistics -- Risk factors -- Congo (Kinshasa), Statistical models -- Usage
Abstract

Cholera outbreaks affect communities that lack access to safe water and adequate sanitation (1). Spatiotemporal clustering patterns of cholera indicate a high risk of transmission to the neighboring households of [...]

Published
2024
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5. Author Correction: Clinical surveillance systems obscure the true cholera infection burden in an endemic region

Author

Hegde, Sonia T., Khan, Ashraful Islam, Perez-Saez, Javier, Khan, Ishtiakul Islam, Hulse, Juan Dent, Islam, Md Taufiqul, Khan, Zahid Hasan, Ahmed, Shakeel, Bertuna, Taner, Rashid, Mamunur, Rashid, Rumana, Hossain, Md Zakir, Shirin, Tahmina, Wiens, Kirsten E., Gurley, Emily S., Bhuiyan, Taufiqur Rahman, Qadri, Firdausi, and Azman, Andrew S.

Published
2024
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6. Seroincidence of Enteric Fever, Juba, South Sudan - Volume 28, Number 11—November 2022 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC

Author

Aiemjoy, Kristen, Rumunu, John, Hassen, Juma John, Wiens, Kirsten E, Garrett, Denise, Kamenskaya, Polina, Harris, Jason B, Azman, Andrew S, Teunis, Peter, Seidman, Jessica C, Wamala, Joseph F, Andrews, Jason R, and Charles, Richelle C

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Biodefense, Vaccine Related, Digestive Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Typhoid Fever, Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella typhi, South Sudan, Salmonella, Paratyphoid Fever, Juba, Paratyphi, Salmonella enterica, Typhi, bacteria, enteric fever, enteric infections, salmonella, typhoidal salmonella, Public Health and Health Services, Microbiology, Clinical sciences, Epidemiology, Health services and systems
Abstract

We applied a new serosurveillance tool to estimate typhoidal Salmonella burden using samples collected during 2020 from a population in Juba, South Sudan. By using dried blood spot testing, we found an enteric fever seroincidence rate of 30/100 person-years and cumulative incidence of 74% over a 4-year period.

Published
2022

7. Building an integrated serosurveillance platform to inform public health interventions: Insights from an experts' meeting on serum biomarkers.

Author

Wiens, Kirsten E, Jauregui, Barbara, Arnold, Benjamin F, Banke, Kathryn, Wade, Djibril, Hayford, Kyla, Costero-Saint Denis, Adriana, Hall, Robert H, Salje, Henrik, Rodriguez-Barraquer, Isabel, Azman, Andrew S, Vernet, Guy, Leung, Daniel T, and Collaboration on Integrated Biomarkers Surveillance

Subjects
Collaboration on Integrated Biomarkers Surveillance, Humans, Communicable Diseases, Public Health, Biomarkers, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Biodefense, Vaccine Related, Clinical Research, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Tropical Medicine
Abstract

The use of biomarkers to measure immune responses in serum is crucial for understanding population-level exposure and susceptibility to human pathogens. Advances in sample collection, multiplex testing, and computational modeling are transforming serosurveillance into a powerful tool for public health program design and response to infectious threats. In July 2018, 70 scientists from 16 countries met to perform a landscape analysis of approaches that support an integrated serosurveillance platform, including the consideration of issues for successful implementation. Here, we summarize the group's insights and proposed roadmap for implementation, including objectives, technical requirements, ethical issues, logistical considerations, and monitoring and evaluation.

Published
2022

8. Population-Based Serologic Survey of Vibrio cholerae Antibody Titers before Cholera Outbreak, Haiti, 2022

Author

Clutter, Christy H., Klarman, Molly B., Cajusma, Youseline, Cato, Emilee T., Sayeed, Md. Abu, Brinkley, Lindsey, Jensen, Owen, Baril, Chantale, De Rochars, V. Madsen Beau, Azman, Andrew S., Long, Maureen T., Cummings, Derek, Leung, Daniel T., and Nelson, Eric J.

Subjects
Prevention, Analysis, Risk factors, Dosage and administration, Cholera -- Risk factors -- Prevention, B cells -- Analysis, Demographic surveys -- Analysis, Cholera vaccines -- Dosage and administration, Cholera toxin -- Analysis
Abstract

In October 2010, a United Nations peacekeeping mission to Haiti following a highly destructive earthquake inadvertently introduced cholera (1,2), leading to [approximately equal to] 820,000 cases and [approximately equal to] [...]

Published
2023
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9. Effectiveness of one dose of killed oral cholera vaccine in an endemic community in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a matched case-control study

Author

Malembaka, Espoir Bwenge, Bugeme, Patrick Musole, Hutchins, Chloe, Xu, Hanmeng, Hulse, Juan Dent, Demby, Maya N, Gallandat, Karin, Saidi, Jaime Mufitini, Rumedeka, Baron Bashige, Itongwa, Moïse, Tshiwedi-Tsilabia, Esperance, Kitoga, Faida, Bodisa-Matamu, Tavia, Kavunga-Membo, Hugo, Bengehya, Justin, Kulondwa, Jean-Claude, Debes, Amanda K, Taty, Nagède, Lee, Elizabeth C, Lunguya, Octavie, Lessler, Justin, Leung, Daniel T, Cumming, Oliver, Okitayemba, Placide Welo, Mukadi-Bamuleka, Daniel, Knee, Jackie, and Azman, Andrew S

Published
2024
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10. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and cross-variant neutralization capacity after the Omicron BA.2 wave in Geneva, Switzerland: a population-based study

Author

Arm-Vernez, Isabelle, Azman, Andrew S, Bachmann, Delphine, Bal, Antoine, Balavoine, Jean-François, Balavoine, Michael, Barbe, Rémy P, Baysson, Hélène, Beigbeder, Lison, Berthelot, Julie, Bleich, Patrick, Boehm, Livia, Bryand, Gaëlle, Chappuis, François, Collombet, Prune, Coudurier-Boeuf, Sophie, Courvoisier, Delphine, Cudet, Alain, Davidovic, Vladimir, de Mestral, Carlos, D'ippolito, Paola, Dubos, Richard, Dumont, Roxane, Eckerle, Isabella, El Merjani, Nacira, Flahault, Antoine, Francioli, Natalie, Frangville, Marion, Graindorge, Clément, Guessous, Idris, Harnal, Séverine, Hurst, Samia, Kaiser, Laurent, Kherad, Omar, Lamour, Julien, Lescuyer, Pierre, L'Huillier, Arnaud G, L'Huissier, François, Loizeau, Andrea Jutta, Lorthe, Elsa, Martinez, Chantal, Ménard, Lucie, Metral-Boffod, Ludovic, Moulin, Alexandre, Nehme, Mayssam, Noël, Natacha, Pennacchio, Francesco, Perez-Saez, Javier, Pittet, Didier, Posfay-Barbe, Klara M, Poulain, Géraldine, Pugin, Caroline, Pullen, Nick, Richard, Viviane, Rinaldi, Frederic, Rochat, Déborah, Sakvarelidze, Irine, Samir, Khadija, Ramirez, Hugo Santa, Satin, Etienne, Schaller, Philippe, Schibler, Manuel, Schrempft, Stephanie, Semaani, Claire, Stringhini, Silvia, Testini, Stéphanie, Trono, Didier, Urrutia-Rivas, Déborah, Verolet, Charlotte, Vetter, Pauline, Villers, Jennifer, Violot, Guillemette, Vuilleumier, Nicolas, Wisniak, Ania, Yerly, Sabine, Zaballa, María-Eugenia, Turelli, Priscilla, Raclot, Charlène, Duc, Julien, Azman, Andrew S., and Posfay-Barbe, Klara M.

Published
2023
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12. Socioeconomic conditions and children's mental health and quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic: An intersectional analysis

Author

Amrein, Deborah, Arm-Vernez, Isabelle, Azman, Andrew S., Bal, Antoine, Balavoine, Michael, Barbe, Rémy P., Baysson, Hélène, Berthelot, Julie, Bleich, Patrick, Boehm, Livia, Bouchet, Aminata R., Bryand, Gaëlle, Bucolli, Viola, Collombet, Prune, Cudet, Alain, Davidovic, Vladimir, de Mestral, Carlos, D’Ippolito, Paola, Dubos, Richard, Dumont, Roxane, Eckerle, Isabella, El Merjani, Nacira, Favier, Marion, Francioli, Natalie, Graindorge, Clément, Guessous, Idris, Hagose, Munire, Harnal, Séverine, Hurst, Samia, Kaiser, Laurent, Kherad, Omar, Lamour, Julien, Lescuyer, Pierre, L’Huillier, Arnaud G., Loizeau, Andrea, Lorthe, Elsa, Martinez, Chantal, Mermet, Stéphanie, Nehme, Mayssam, Noël, Natacha, Pennacchio, Francesco, Perez-Saez, Javier, Perrin, Anne, Pittet, Didier, Posfay-Barbe, Klara M., Portier, Jane, Poulain, Géraldine, Pugin, Caroline, Pullen, Nick, Richard, Viviane, Rinaldi, Frederic, Rochat, Deborah, Sahyoun, Cyril, Sakvarelidze, Irine, Samir, Khadija, Santa Ramirez, Hugo Alejandro, Rizzo, Jessica, Schrempft, Stephanie, Semaani, Claire, Stringhini, Silvia, Testini, Stéphanie, Tisserand, Yvain, Rivas, Deborah Urrutia, Verolet, Charlotte, Villers, Jennifer, Violot, Guillemette, Vuilleumier, Nicolas, Yerly, Sabine, Zaballa, María-Eugenia, Zavlanou, Christina, and Zaballa, Maria-Eugenia

Published
2023
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13. Protocol to implement a syndromic surveillance survey of COVID-19 in Malawi

Author

Maphosa, Thulani, Woelk, Godfrey, Baack, Brittney N., Kim, Evelyn, Machekano, Rhoderick, Mwale, Annie Chauma, Kalua, Thokozani, Zimba, Suzgo, Kanyenda Chamanga, Rachel, Maida, Alice, Auld, Andrew, Azman, Andrew S., Oziemkowska, Maria, Sunguti, Joram, Golowa, Cathy, Kapanda, Lester, Nkhoma, Harrid, Sampathkumar, Veena, Ahimbisibwe, Allan, Kalitera, Louiser, Masina, Elton, Lumala, Rumours, Kudiabor, Kwashie, Joaki, Zuze, Muchuchuti, Cephas, Mengezi, Tadala H., Nyirenda, Rose, and Guay, Laura

Published
2022
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16. Covid-19 pandemic-related changes in teleworking, emotional exhaustion, and occupational burnout: a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study.

Author

Uppal, Anshu, Pullen, Nick, Baysson, Hélène, Schrempft, Stephanie, Bouhet, Aminata Rosalie, Zaballa, María-Eugenia, Lamour, Julien, Nehme, Mayssam, Guessous, Idris, Stringhini, Silvia, Lorthe, Elsa, Arm-Vernez, Isabelle, Azman, Andrew S., Bachmann, Delphine, Bal, Antoine, Balavoine, Jean-François, Barbe, Rémy P., Berthelot, Julie, Bryand-Rumley, Gaëlle, and Chappuis, François

Subjects
MASLACH Burnout Inventory, ORGANIZATIONAL change, PSYCHOLOGICAL burnout, COVID-19 pandemic, PUBLIC health
Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic prompted significant shifts to teleworking, raising questions about potential impacts on employee wellbeing. This study examined the association between self-reported changes to teleworking frequency (relative to before the pandemic) and two indicators of occupational burnout: emotional exhaustion and professionally diagnosed burnout. Methods: Data were derived from two samples from a digital cohort study based in Geneva, Switzerland: one population-based, and one from a sample of workers who were likely mobilized in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Emotional exhaustion was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (EE-MBI), while self-reported diagnosed burnout was assessed by asking participants if they had received a professional diagnosis of occupational burnout within the previous 12 months. Participants were categorized based on self-reported telework frequency changes: "no change," "increase," "decrease," "never telework," and "not possible to telework." Adjusted regression models for each of the study samples were used to estimate associations between telework changes and burnout outcomes, accounting for sociodemographic, household, and work-related factors. Results: In the population-based sample of salaried employees (n = 1,332), the median EE-MBI score was 14 (interquartile range: 6–24), and 7.3% reported diagnosed burnout. Compared to those reporting no change in telework frequency (19% of the sample), those reporting a decrease (4%) and those reporting that teleworking was not possible (28.7%) had significantly higher emotional exhaustion scores (adjusted beta (aβ) 5.26 [95% confidence interval: 1.47, 9.04] and aβ 3.51 [0.44, 6.59], respectively) and additionally reported higher odds of diagnosed burnout (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 10.59 [3.24, 34.57] and aOR 3.42 [1.22, 9.65], respectively). "Increased" (28.9%) and "never" (19.4%) telework statuses were not significantly associated with burnout outcomes. These trends were mirrored in the "mobilized-workers" sample, with the exception that those reporting that teleworking was not possible did not report significantly higher odds of diagnosed burnout compared to those reporting no change in telework frequency. Conclusions: Decreased teleworking frequency and not having the possibility of telework were associated with higher emotional exhaustion and diagnosed burnout. As organizations reconsider their telework policies in a post-pandemic era, they should consider the impact of such organizational changes on employee wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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17. Geospatial distribution of Hepatitis E seroprevalence in Nepal, 2021.

Author

Rhee, Chulwoo, Dighe, Amy, Katuwal, Nishan, Cho, Haeun, Mraidi, Ramzi, Tamrakar, Dipesh, Lim, Jacqueline KyungAh, Poudyal, Nimesh, Park, Il-Yeon, Kim, Deok Ryun, Amatya, Ritu, Shrestha, Rajeev, Azman, Andrew S., and Lynch, Julia

Subjects
HEPATITIS E virus, HEPATITIS E, ECOLOGICAL regions, VIRAL transmission, RURAL-urban differences
Abstract

Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes acute jaundice and poses an important public health problem in low- and middle-income countries. Limited surveillance capacity and suboptimal access to diagnostics leads to under-reporting of HEV infections in affected countries, including Nepal. Serum antibodies against HEV are indicative of past infection. We analyzed existing samples from a nationally representative serosurvey to describe the geospatial distribution and factors associated with HEV seroprevalence in Nepal, as a proxy for infection. Methodology/Principle findings: A nationally representative cross-sectional serosurvey of 3,922 individuals ≥2 years old from 975 households spread across 65 wards throughout Nepal was conducted between November 2021 and January 2022. Bio-banked samples were tested for anti-HEV IgG. Seroprevalence and its 95% confidence interval were estimated by age, sex, ecological region, municipality type, and other waterborne-disease related risk factors. Bayesian geostatistical models were fitted to observed seroprevalence data and used to generate high-resolution maps of seroprevalence across Nepal. Available samples from 3,707 participants were tested for anti-HEV IgG, and 3,703 were used for final analysis. We found 20.8% (95% CI: 19.5–22.2) of participants had evidence of prior HEV infection. HEV seroprevalence increased with age, and was higher in males (23.5%, 95% CI: 21.5–25.5) than in females (18.6%, 95% CI: 16.9–20.3). Seroprevalence in hilly (28.9%, 95% CI: 26.6–31.2) and mountain (24.6%, 95% CI: 18.8–30.5) regions were significantly higher than in terai (14.2%, 95% CI: 12.7–15.8). While there was no significant difference between urban and rural populations, the predicted seroprevalence was highest in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, reaching seroprevalence of 50% in some selected area. No statistically significant differences were found for wealth quintile, water source, and toilet facility. Conclusions: This study provides population-based serologic evidence that HEV is endemic in Nepal, with the greatest risk of infection in Kathmandu. Author summary: Hepatitis E virus spreads through fecal to oral transmission, primarily via contaminated water. The virus can impair liver function and causes frequent outbreaks of acute jaundice in Nepal. Diagnostic tests are often not accessible, meaning many cases of hepatitis E go undetected and it is difficult to know how many people are affected or where to target interventions to protect those most at risk. However, infections can be detected retrospectively by looking for long-lasting antibodies produced by the body in response to the virus. We looked for these antibodies in blood specimens collected from a population representative sample of individuals across Nepal and found that, overall, around 1 in 5 people had likely been infected previously. Risk of past infection varied across the three ecological regions of Nepal and was higher in Hilly and Mountain regions than in the southern Terai. We fitted a geospatial model to our data to map the predicted risk across the country and found it to be highest in Kathmandu, with up to half the population previously infected. This research demonstrates the scale of hepatitis E virus infections in Nepal and identified parts of the Hilly region–particularly Kathmandu–as areas where people are most at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Estimating the proportion of clinically suspected cholera cases that are true Vibrio cholerae infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Wiens, Kirsten E., Xu, Hanmeng, Zou, Kaiyue, Mwaba, John, Lessler, Justin, Malembaka, Espoir Bwenge, Demby, Maya N., Bwire, Godfrey, Qadri, Firdausi, Lee, Elizabeth C., and Azman, Andrew S.

Subjects
Diagnosis, Statistics, Methods, Causes of, Health aspects, Cholera -- Diagnosis -- Statistics -- Causes of, Vibrio cholerae -- Health aspects, Sentinel surveillance -- Methods, Sentinel health events -- Methods
Abstract

Author(s): Kirsten E. Wiens 1,2, Hanmeng Xu 1, Kaiyue Zou 1, John Mwaba 3,4,5, Justin Lessler 1,6,7, Espoir Bwenge Malembaka 1,8, Maya N. Demby 1, Godfrey Bwire 9, Firdausi Qadri [...], Background Cholera surveillance relies on clinical diagnosis of acute watery diarrhea. Suspected cholera case definitions have high sensitivity but low specificity, challenging our ability to characterize cholera burden and epidemiology. Our objective was to estimate the proportion of clinically suspected cholera that are true Vibrio cholerae infections and identify factors that explain variation in positivity. Methods and findings We conducted a systematic review of studies that tested [greater than or equal to]10 suspected cholera cases for V. cholerae O1/O139 using culture, PCR, and/or a rapid diagnostic test. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies that sampled at least one suspected case between January 1, 2000 and April 19, 2023, to reflect contemporary patterns in V. cholerae positivity. We estimated diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity using a latent class meta-analysis. We estimated V. cholerae positivity using a random-effects meta-analysis, adjusting for test performance. We included 119 studies from 30 countries. V. cholerae positivity was lower in studies with representative sampling and in studies that set minimum ages in suspected case definitions. After adjusting for test performance, on average, 52% (95% credible interval (CrI): 24%, 80%) of suspected cases represented true V. cholerae infections. After adjusting for test performance and study methodology, the odds of a suspected case having a true infection were 5.71 (odds ratio 95% CrI: 1.53, 15.43) times higher when surveillance was initiated in response to an outbreak than in non-outbreak settings. Variation across studies was high, and a limitation of our approach was that we were unable to explain all the heterogeneity with study-level attributes, including diagnostic test used, setting, and case definitions. Conclusions In this study, we found that burden estimates based on suspected cases alone may overestimate the incidence of medically attended cholera by 2-fold. However, accounting for cases missed by traditional clinical surveillance is key to unbiased cholera burden estimates. Given the substantial variability in positivity between settings, extrapolations from suspected to confirmed cases, which is necessary to estimate cholera incidence rates without exhaustive testing, should be based on local data.

Published
2023
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19. SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Prevalence and Population-Based Death Rates, Greater Omdurman, Sudan

Author

Moser, Wendelin, Fahal, Mohammed Ahmed Hassan, Abualas, Elamin, Bedri, Shahinaz, Elsir, Mahgoub Taj, Mohamed, Mona Fateh El Rahman Omer, Mahmoud, Abdelhalim Babiker, Ahmad, Amna Ismail Ibrahim, Adam, Mohammed A., Altalib, Sami, DafaAllah, Ola Adil, Hmed, Salahaldin Abdallah, Azman, Andrew S., Ciglenecki, Iza, Gignoux, Etienne, Gonzalez, Alan, Mwongera, Christine, and Miranda, Manuel Albela

Subjects
Omdurman, Sudan -- Health aspects, Statistics, Patient outcomes, Health aspects, Epidemics -- Statistics -- Sudan, Antibodies -- Statistics, COVID-19 -- Statistics -- Patient outcomes, Viral antibodies -- Statistics
Abstract

Many key epidemiologic and serologic characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remain unknown. Few seroprevalence studies have been conducted in Africa to better understand the landscape of [...]

Published
2022
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20. Cholera

Author

Kanungo, Suman, Azman, Andrew S, Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan, Deen, Jaqueline, and Dutta, Shanta

Published
2022
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23. The importance of thinking beyond the water-supply in cholera epidemics: A historical urban case-study.

Author

Phelps, Matthew, Azman, Andrew, Lewnard, Joseph, Antillón, Marina, Simonsen, Lone, Andreasen, Viggo, Jensen, Peter, and Pitzer, Virginia

Subjects
Cholera, Denmark, Epidemics, History, 19th Century, Humans, Linear Models, Sanitation, Water Supply
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Planning interventions to respond to cholera epidemics requires an understanding of the major transmission routes. Interrupting short-cycle (household, foodborne) transmission may require different approaches as compared long-cycle (environmentally-mediated/waterborne) transmission. However, differentiating the relative contribution of short- and long-cycle routes has remained difficult, and most cholera outbreak control efforts focus on interrupting long-cycle transmission. Here we use high-resolution epidemiological and municipal infrastructure data from a cholera outbreak in 1853 Copenhagen to explore the relative contribution of short- and long-cycle transmission routes during a major urban epidemic. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We fit a spatially explicit time-series meta-population model to 6,552 physician-reported cholera cases from Copenhagen in 1853. We estimated the contribution of long-cycle waterborne transmission between neighborhoods using historical municipal water infrastructure data, fitting the force of infection from hydraulic flow, then comparing model performance. We found the epidemic was characterized by considerable transmission heterogeneity. Some neighborhoods acted as localized transmission hotspots, while other neighborhoods were less affected or important in driving the epidemic. We found little evidence to support long-cycle transmission between hydrologically-connected neighborhoods. Collectively, these findings suggest short-cycle transmission was significant. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Spatially targeted cholera interventions, such as reactive vaccination or sanitation/hygiene campaigns in hotspot neighborhoods, would likely have been more effective in this epidemic than control measures aimed at interrupting long-cycle transmission, such as improving municipal water quality. We recommend public health planners consider programs aimed at interrupting short-cycle transmission as essential tools in the cholera control arsenal.

Published
2017

24. High Hepatitis E Seroprevalence Among Displaced Persons in South Sudan

Author

Azman, Andrew S, Bouhenia, Malika, Iyer, Anita S, Rumunu, John, Laku, Richard Lino, Wamala, Joseph F, Rodriguez-Barraquer, Isabel, Lessler, Justin, Gignoux, Etienne, Luquero, Francisco J, Leung, Daniel T, Gurley, Emily S, and Ciglenecki, Iza

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Digestive Diseases, Hepatitis, Biodefense, Vaccine Related, Liver Disease, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Disease Outbreaks, Female, Hepatitis Antibodies, Hepatitis E, Hepatitis E virus, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin M, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Refugees, Risk Factors, Seroepidemiologic Studies, South Sudan, Young Adult, Medical and Health Sciences, Tropical Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

AbstractLarge protracted outbreaks of hepatitis E virus (HEV) have been documented in displaced populations in Africa over the past decade though data are limited outside these exceptional settings. Serological studies can provide insights useful for improving surveillance and disease control. We conducted an age-stratified serological survey using samples previously collected for another research study from 206 residents of an internally displaced person camp in Juba, South Sudan. We tested serum for anti-HEV antibodies (IgM and IgG) and estimated the prevalence of recent and historical exposure to the virus. Using data on individuals' serostatus, camp arrival date, and state of origin, we used catalytic transmission models to estimate the relative risk of HEV infection in the camp compared with that in the participants' home states. The age-adjusted seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG was 71% (95% confidence interval = 63-78), and 4% had evidence of recent exposure (IgM). We estimated HEV exposure rates to be more than 2-fold (hazard ratio = 2.3, 95% credible interval = 0.3-5.8) higher in the camp than in the participants' home states, although this difference was not statistically significant. HEV transmission may be higher than previously appreciated, even in the absence of reported cases. Improved surveillance in similar settings is needed to understand the burden of disease and minimize epidemic impact through early detection and response.

Published
2017

28. Seroprevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 IgG in Juba, South Sudan, 2020

Author

Wiens, Kirsten E., Mawien, Pinyi Nyimol, Rumunu, John, Slater, Damien, Jones, Forrest K., Moheed, Serina, Caflisch, Andrea, Bior, Bior K., Jacob, Iboyi Amanya, Lako, Richard Lino, Guyo, Argata Guracha, Olu, Olushayo Oluseun, Maleghemi, Sylvester, Baguma, Andrew, Hassen, Juma John, Baya, Sheila K., Deng, Lul, Lessler, Justin, Demby, Maya N., Sanchez, Vanessa, Mills, Rachel, Fraser, Clare, Charles, Richelle C., Harris, Jason B., Azman, Andrew S., and Wamala, Joseph F.

Subjects
Juba, South Sudan -- Health aspects, Statistics, Health aspects, Epidemics -- Statistics -- South Sudan, Immunoglobulin G -- Statistics -- Health aspects, COVID-19 -- Statistics
Abstract

Globally, >100 million cases and >2.6 million deaths had been attributed to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as of March 14, 2021 (2). Most cases have been reported in Europe and the [...]

Published
2021
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29. Challenges and Approaches to Establishing Multi-Pathogen Serosurveillance: Findings from the 2023 Serosurveillance Summit.

Author

Carcelen, Andrea C., Kong, Alex C., Saki Takahashi, Hegde, Sonia, Jaenisch, Thomas, Chu, May, Rochford, Rosemary, Kostandova, Natalya, Gurley, Emily S., Wesolowski, Amy, Azman, Andrew S., van der Klis, Fiona R. M., den Hartog, Gerco, Drakeley, Christopher, Heaney, Christopher D., Winter, Amy K., Salje, Henrik, Rodriguez-Barraquer, Isabel, Leung, Daniel T., and Njenga, Sammy M.

Published
2024
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30. Analysis of Cholera Risk in India: Insights from 2017–18 Serosurvey Data Integrated with Epidemiologic data and Societal Determinants from 2015–2019.

Author

Kanungo, Suman, Nandy, Ranjan Kumar, Talukdar, Rounik, Murhekar, Manoj, Azman, Andrew S., Hegde, Sonia T., Chatterjee, Pranab, Chakraborty, Debjit, Das, Madhuchhanda, Kamaraj, P, Kumar, Muthusamy Santhosh, and Dutta, Shanta

Subjects
CHOLERA, VIBRIO cholerae, TASK forces, DEVELOPING countries, SANITATION, RISK assessment
Abstract

Background: Indian subcontinent being an important region in the fight to eliminate cholera needs better cholera surveillance. Current methods miss most infections, skewing disease burden estimates. Triangulating serosurvey data, clinical cases, and risk factors could reveal India's true cholera risk. Methods: We synthesized data from a nationally representative serosurvey, outbreak reports and risk factors like water, sanitation and the Multidimensional Poverty Index, to create a composite vulnerability index for assessing state-wise cholera risk in India. We tested 7,882 stored sera samples collected during 2017–18 from individuals aged 9–45 years, for vibriocidal antibodies to Vibrio cholerae O1 using a cut-off titre ≥320 defining as elevated titre. We also extracted data from the 2015–19 Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme and published cholera reports. Results: Overall, 11.7% (CI: 10.4–13.3%) of the sampled population had an elevated titre of cholera vibriocidal antibodies (≥320). The Southern region experienced the highest incidence (16.8%, CI: 12.1–22.8), followed by the West (13.2%, CI: 10.0–17.3) and North (10.7%, CI: 9.3–12.3). Proportion of samples with an elevated vibriocidal titre (≥320) was significantly higher among individuals aged 18–45 years (13.0% CI: 11.2–15.1) compared to children 9–17 years (8.6%, CI 7.3–10.0, p<0.05); we found no differences between sex or urbanicity. Between 2015–2019, the Integrated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP) reported 29,400 cases of cholera across the country. Using the composite vulnerability index, we found Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal were the most vulnerable states in India in terms of risk of cholera. Conclusion: The present study showed that cholera infection is present in all five regions across India. The states with high cholera vulnerability could be prioritized for targeted prevention interventions. Author summary: Cholera remains a significant public health threat in areas with inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). The World Health Organization's Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC) launched "Ending Cholera: A Global Roadmap to 2030" to reduce cholera deaths and eliminate the disease in 20 countries by 2030 through targeted interventions, including improved WASH practices and disease surveillance. cholera surveillance, especially in developing countries seldom poses difficulty in terms of the need for laboratory infrastructure, and other resource constraints. Thereby, in this study, we utilized a viable approach with serosurvey data from 2017, cholera outbreak data, WASH indicators, and the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) to create a composite vulnerability index for cholera risk in India. Overall, 11.7% of the sampled population had detectable levels of cholera antibodies reflecting previous infection. The Southern region of India experienced the highest incidence, followed by the West and North. the study showed that cholera infection is present in all five regions across India. Further, the vulnerability index which we built could be utilized in other settings so that effective tailored interventions could be applied in identified priority areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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33. Mapping geographical inequalities in access to drinking water and sanitation facilities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17

Author

Deshpande, Aniruddha, Miller-Petrie, Molly K, Lindstedt, Paulina A, Baumann, Mathew M, Johnson, Kimberly B, Blacker, Brigette F, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abejie, Ayenew Negesse, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R.M., Abualhasan, Ahmed, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Afarideh, Mohsen, Agudelo-Botero, Marcela, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Anwar E, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akanda, Ali S, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Noore, Alamene, Genet Melak, Alanzi, Turki M, Albright, James, Albujeer, Ammar, Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, Alebel, Animut, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Ali, Muhammad, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almasi, Ali, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J., Amini, Saeed, Amit, Arianna Maever L., Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansariadi, Ansariadi, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Antony, Benny, Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Arabloo, Jalal, Aref, Hany Mohamed Amin, Aremu, Olatunde, Armoon, Bahram, Arora, Amit, Aryal, Krishna K, Arzani, Afsaneh, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asmelash, Daniel, Atalay, Hagos Tasew, Athari, Seyyede Masoume, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atre, Sachin R, Ausloos, Marcel, Awasthi, Shally, Awoke, Nefsu, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Aynalem, Yared Asmare, Azari, Samad, Azman, Andrew S, Babaee, Ebrahim, Badawi, Alaa, Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar, Banach, Maciej, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Barac, Aleksandra, Barboza, Miguel A, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Basu, Sanjay, Bay, Vo Dinh, Bayati, Mohsen, Bedi, Neeraj, Beheshti, Mahya, Behzadifar, Meysam, Behzadifar, Masoud, Bejarano Ramirez, Diana Fernanda, Bell, Michelle L, Bennett, Derrick A., Benzian, Habib, Berbada, Dessalegn Ajema, Bernstein, Robert S, Bhat, Anusha Ganapati, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Boufous, Soufiane, Brady, Oliver J, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Britton, Gabrielle B, Brown, Alexandria, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, Butt, Zahid A, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar, Cano, Jorge, Car, Josip, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carvalho, Felix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castro, Franz, Cerin, Ester, Chalise, Binaya, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chin, Ken Lee, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Cormier, Natalie Maria, Costa, Vera Marisa, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Dadi, Abel Fekadu Fekadu, Dahiru, Tukur, Dahlawi, Saad M A, Dandona, Rakhi, Dandona, Lalit, Dang, Anh Kim, Daoud, Farah, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Darwish, Amira Hamed, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Jai K, Das Gupta, Rajat, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davis Weaver, Nicole, De la Hoz, Fernando Pio, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Demissie, Dereje Bayissa, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Desalew, Assefa, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhillon, Preeti, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Diaz, Daniel, Dipeolu, Isaac Oluwafemi, Do, Hoa Thi, Dolecek, Christiane, Doyle, Kerrie E, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Edinur, Hisham Atan, Effiong, Andem, Eftekhari, Aziz, El Nahas, Nevine, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, El Tantawi, Maha, Elhabashy, Hala Rashad, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I., El-Khatib, Ziad, Elkout, Hajer, Elsharkawy, Aisha, Enany, Shymaa, Endalew, Daniel Adane, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Etemadi, Arash, Ezekannagha, Oluchi, Faraon, Emerito Jose A., Fareed, Mohammad, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fasil, Alebachew Fasil, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Feigin, Valery L., Fekadu, Wubalem, Fentahun, Netsanet, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Flohr, Carsten, Foigt, Nataliya A., Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Foroutan, Masoud, Franklin, Richard Charles, Frostad, Joseph Jon, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gad, Mohamed M, Garcia, Gregory M, Gatotoh, Augustine Mwangi, Gayesa, Reta Tsegaye, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghazi Sherbaf, Farzaneh, Gill, Tiffany K, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Ginindza, Themba G, Girmay, Alem, Gizaw, Zemichael, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, Goulart, Alessandra C, Grada, Ayman, Green, Manfred S, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guido, Davide, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Rahul, Ha, Giang Hai, Haagsma, Juanita A., Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Dessalegn H, Haile, Michael Tamene, Hall, Brian J., Hamidi, Samer, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes, Haririan, Hamidreza, Hariyani, Ninuk, Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md. Mehedi, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hayelom, Desta Haftu, Hegazy, Mohamed I, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Behnam, Hendrie, Delia, Henok, Andualem, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hidru, Hagos Degefa de, Hird, Thomas R, Hoang, Chi Linh, Hollerich, Gillian I, Hoogar, Praveen, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Househ, Mowafa, Hu, Guoqing, Humayun, Ayesha, Hussain, Syed Ather, Hussen, Mamusha Aman A, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Milena D., Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Ivers, Rebecca Q, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalali, Amir, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S, Jonas, Jost B., Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Zubair, Kanchan, Tanuj, Karch, André, Karki, Surendra, Kasaeian, Amir, Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie, Kasaye, Habtamu Kebebe, Kassa, Gebrehiwot G, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kayode, Gbenga A., Kebede, Mihiretu M, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Ketema, Daniel Bekele, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khalid, Nauman, Khalilov, Rovshan, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Junaid, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Mona M, Khater, Amir M, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khazaei, Mohammad, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kiadaliri, Ali, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kisa, Sezer, Kisa, Adnan, Kochhar, Sonali, Kolola, Tufa, Komaki, Hamidreza, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kugbey, Nuworza, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kusuma, Dian, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lal, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lam, Hilton, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lansingh, Van Charles, Lasrado, Savita, Lebedev, Georgy, Lee, Paul H, LeGrand, Kate E, Leili, Mostafa, Lenjebo, Tsegaye Lolaso, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Levine, Aubrey J, Lewycka, Sonia, Li, Shanshan, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Lopez, Jaifred Christian F, Lopukhov, Platon D, Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed, Mahadeshwara Prasad, D.R., Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahotra, Narayan B., Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manafi, Navid, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mapoma, Chabila Christopher, Martinez, Gabriel, Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Mathur, Manu Raj, Mayala, Benjamin K, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, Mehta, Kala M, Mekonnen, Teferi, Mekonnen, Tefera Chane, Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Memiah, Peter T N, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Metekiya, Workua Mekonnen, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miller, Ted R, Mini, GK, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Moazen, Babak, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad, Dara K., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Mohammed, Hassen, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H, Moodley, Yoshan, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi-Joo, Mohammad, Moraga, Paula, Morales, Linda, Mosapour, Abbas, Mosser, Jonathan F., Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mozaffor, Miliva, Munro, Sandra B, Muriithi, Moses K., Murray, Christopher J L, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naik, Gurudatta, Nangia, Vinay, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Nazari, Javad, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ionut, Netsere, Henok Biresaw, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, QuynhAnh P, Nigatu, Solomon Gedlu, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, Nojomi, Marzieh, Norheim, Ole F, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Oancea, Bogdan, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V., Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo, Osei, Frank B, Owolabi, Mayowa O, P A, Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao., Pakhale, Smita, Pana, Adrian, Park, Eun-Kee, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Pathak, Ashish, Patle, Ajay, Paulos, Kebreab, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Perico, Norberto, Pervaiz, Aslam, Pescarini, Julia Moreira, Pesudovs, Konrad, Pham, Hai Quang, Pigott, David M, Pilgrim, Thomas, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Poljak, Mario, Pollock, Ian, Postma, Maarten J, Pourmalek, Farshad, Pourshams, Akram, Prada, Sergio I, Preotescu, Liliana, Quintana, Hedley, Rabiee, Navid, Rabiee, Mohammad, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Siavash, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rajati, Fatemeh, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Puja C, Rasella, Davide, Rath, Goura Kishor, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Rawasia, Wasiq Faraz, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M.N., Resnikoff, Serge, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Ana Isabel, Rickard, Jennifer, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rubino, Salvatore, Saad, Anas M, Sabour, Siamak, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Yahya, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, S. Mohammad, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salam, Nasir, Saleem, Ahsan, Salem, Hosni, Salem, Marwa Rashad, Salimi, Yahya, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Santos, Itamar S, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Sayyah, Mehdi, Sbarra, Alyssa N, Schaeffer, Lauren E, Schwebel, David C, Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shaheen, Amira A, Shahid, Izza, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shalash, Ali S, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, MohammadBagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharma, Rajesh, Sheikh, Aziz, Shetty, B Suresh Kumar, Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Jae Il, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shivakumar, K M, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Siddiqi, Tariq Jamal, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Singh, Virendra, Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Balbir Bagicha Singh, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Ambrish, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sisay, Malede Mequanent, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Smith, David L, Soares Filho, Adauto Martins, Sobhiyeh, Mohammad Reza, Sokhan, Anton, Soriano, Joan B, Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Sudaryanto, Agus, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul, Sykes, Bryan L., Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadesse, Degena Bahrey, Tarigan, Ingan Ukur, Taye, Bineyam, Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekelemedhin, Shishay Wahdey, Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Tesfay, Berhe Etsay, Tesfay, Fisaha Haile, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, ThekkePurakkal, Akhil Soman, Thomas, Nihal, Thompson, Robert L, Thomson, Alan J, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Ullah, Irfan, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A, Uzochukwu, Benjamin S. Chudi, Valdez, Pascual R, Varughese, Santosh, Veisani, Yousef, Violante, Francesco S, Vollmer, Sebastian, W/hawariat, Feleke Gebremeskel, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Wang, Yafeng, Wangdi, Kinley, Weiss, Daniel J, Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay, Werkneh, Adhena Ayaliew, Westerman, Ronny, Wiangkham, Taweewat, Wiens, Kirsten E, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolde, Haileab Fekadu, Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu, Wonde, Tewodros Eshete, Worku, Getasew Taddesse, Yadollahpour, Ali, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yamada, Tomohide, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yatsuya, Hiroshi, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu, Yip, Paul, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A, Yu, Chuanhua, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Zadey, Siddhesh, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zandian, Hamed, Zar, Heather J, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Zhang, Yunquan, Ziapour, Arash, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuniga, Yves Miel H, Hay, Simon I, and Reiner, Robert C, Jr

Published
2020
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35. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Geneva, Switzerland (SEROCoV-POP): a population-based study

Author

Stringhini, Silvia, Wisniak, Ania, Piumatti, Giovanni, Azman, Andrew S, Lauer, Stephen A, Baysson, Hélène, De Ridder, David, Petrovic, Dusan, Schrempft, Stephanie, Marcus, Kailing, Yerly, Sabine, Arm Vernez, Isabelle, Keiser, Olivia, Hurst, Samia, Posfay-Barbe, Klara M, Trono, Didier, Pittet, Didier, Gétaz, Laurent, Chappuis, François, Eckerle, Isabella, Vuilleumier, Nicolas, Meyer, Benjamin, Flahault, Antoine, Kaiser, Laurent, and Guessous, Idris

Published
2020
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36. NewVibrio choleraesequences from Eastern and Southern Africa alter our understanding of regional cholera transmission

Author

Xiao, Shaoming, primary, Abade, Ahmed, additional, Boru, Waqo, additional, Kasambara, Watipaso, additional, Mwaba, John, additional, Ongole, Francis, additional, Mmanywa, Mariam, additional, Trovão, Nídia Sequeira, additional, Chilengi, Roma, additional, Kwenda, Geoffrey, additional, Orach, Christopher Garimoi, additional, Chibwe, Innocent, additional, Bwire, Godfrey, additional, Stine, O. Colin, additional, Milstone, Aaron M., additional, Lessler, Justin, additional, Azman, Andrew S., additional, Luo, Wensheng, additional, Murt, Kelsey, additional, Sack, David A., additional, Debes, Amanda K., additional, and Wohl, Shirlee, additional

Published
2024
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37. Dengue Virus (DENV) Neutralizing Antibody Kinetics in Children After Symptomatic Primary and Postprimary DENV Infection

Author

Clapham, Hannah E, Rodriguez-Barraquer, Isabel, Azman, Andrew S, Althouse, Benjamin M, Salje, Henrik, Gibbons, Robert V, Rothman, Alan L, Jarman, Richard G, Nisalak, Ananda, Thaisomboonsuk, Butsaya, Kalayanarooj, Siripen, Nimmannitya, Suchitra, Vaughn, David W, Green, Sharone, Yoon, In-Kyu, and Cummings, Derek AT

Subjects
Vaccine Related, Rare Diseases, Vector-Borne Diseases, Prevention, Immunization, Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Biodefense, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Antibodies, Viral, Child, Child, Preschool, Dengue, Dengue Virus, Humans, Kinetics, Longitudinal Studies, Thailand, dengue, neutralizing antibody, longitudinal antibody kinetics, vaccine, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology
Abstract

The immune response to dengue virus (DENV) infection is complex and not fully understood. Using longitudinal data from 181 children with dengue in Thailand who were followed for up to 3 years, we describe neutralizing antibody kinetics following symptomatic DENV infection. We observed that antibody titers varied by serotype, homotypic vs heterotypic responses, and primary versus postprimary infections. The rates of change in antibody titers over time varied between primary and postprimary responses. For primary infections, titers increased from convalescence to 6 months. By comparing homotypic and heterotypic antibody titers, we saw an increase in type specificity from convalescence to 6 months for primary DENV3 infections but not primary DENV1 infections. In postprimary cases, there was a decrease in titers from convalescence up until 6 months after infection. Beginning 1 year after both primary and postprimary infections, there was evidence of increasing antibody titers, with greater increases in children with lower titers, suggesting that antibody titers were boosted due to infection and that higher levels of neutralizing antibody may be more likely to confer a sterilizing immune response. These findings may help to model virus transmission dynamics and provide baseline data to support the development of vaccines and therapeutics.

Published
2016

39. Protection against cholera from killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Cavailler, Philippe, Date, Kashmira, Sreenivasan, Nandini, Matzger, Helen, Luquero, Francisco, Grais, Rebecca, Wiesner, Lale, Ko, Melissa, Rouzier, Vanessa, Peak, Corey, Qadri, Firdausi, Landegger, Justine, Lynch, Julia, Azman, Andrew, Sack, David, Henkens, Myriam, Ciglenecki, Iza, Ivers, Louise, Diggle, Emma, Weiss, Mitchell, Hinman, Alan, Maina, Kahindo, Mirza, Imran, Gimeno, Guillermo, Levine, Myron, Bi, Qifang, Ferreras, Eva, Pezzoli, Lorenzo, Legros, Dominique, Ivers, Louise C, Digilio, Laura, Sack, David A, Ali, Mohammad, Lessler, Justin, Luquero, Francisco J, and Azman, Andrew S

Published
2017
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41. SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence before Delta Variant Surge, Chattogram, Bangladesh, March--June 2021

Author

Bhuiyan, Taufiqur Rahman, Hulse, Juan Dent, Hegde, Sonia T., Akhtar, Marjahan, Islam, Taufiqul, Khan, Zahid Hasan, Khan, Ishtiakul Islam, Ahmed, Shakeel, Rashid, Mamunur, Rashid, Rumana, Gurley, Emily S., Shirin, Tahmina, Khan, Ashraful Islam, Azman, Andrew S., and Qadri, Firdausi

Subjects
Statistics, Causes of, SARS-CoV-2 variants -- Statistics, Epidemics -- Statistics -- Risk factors -- Causes of -- Bangladesh, COVID-19 -- Statistics -- Risk factors -- Causes of
Abstract

Through November 9, 2021, Bangladesh had reported >1.57 million COVID-19 cases and 27,904 deaths (1), with incidence and mortality rates substantially lower than in many other countries. Without performing population-based [...]

Published
2022
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42. Correction: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and retrospective mortality in a refugee camp, Dagahaley, Kenya

Author

Gignoux, Etienne, primary, Athanassiadis, Frida, additional, Yarrow, Ahmed Garat, additional, Jimale, Abdullahi, additional, Mubuto, Nicole, additional, Déglise, Carole, additional, Mosoti, Denis Onsongo, additional, Azman, Andrew S., additional, Mwau, Matilu, additional, Luquero, Francisco, additional, and Ciglenecki, Iza, additional

Published
2024
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43. Cholera deaths during outbreaks in Uvira, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, 10-35 months after mass vaccination

Author

Bugeme, Patrick Musole, primary, Xu, Hanmeng, additional, Hutchins, Chloe, additional, Dent Hulse, Juan, additional, Saidi, Jaime Mufitini, additional, Rumedeka, Baron Bashige, additional, Itongwa, Moïse, additional, Mashauri, Joël Faraja Zigashane, additional, Lulela, Faraja Masembe, additional, Bengehya, Justin, additional, Kulondwa, Jean-Claude, additional, Debes, Amanda K, additional, Ciglenecki, Iza, additional, Tshiwedi, Esperance, additional, Kitoga, Faida, additional, Bodisa-Matamu, Tavia, additional, Nadège, Taty, additional, Kavunga-Membo, Hugo, additional, Lunguya, Octavie, additional, Welo, Placide Okitayemba, additional, Knee, Jackie, additional, Mukadi-Bamuleka, Daniel, additional, Azman, Andrew S, additional, and Malembaka, Espoir Bwenge, additional

Published
2024
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44. Vaccination coverage and adverse events following a reactive vaccination campaign against hepatitis E in Bentiu displaced persons camp, South Sudan

Author

Nesbitt, Robin C., primary, Asilaza, Vincent Kinya, additional, Gignoux, Etienne, additional, Koyuncu, Aybüke, additional, Gitahi, Priscillah, additional, Nkemenang, Patrick, additional, Duncker, Jetske, additional, Antier, Zelie, additional, Haile, Melat, additional, Gakima, Primitive, additional, Wamala, Joseph F., additional, Loro, Fredrick Beden, additional, Biem, Duol, additional, Rull, Monica, additional, Azman, Andrew S., additional, Rumunu, John, additional, and Ciglenecki, Iza, additional

Published
2024
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45. Challenges with Achieving and Maintaining High Oral Cholera Vaccine Coverage in Uvira, The Democratic Republic of the Congo: serial cross-sectional representative surveys

Author

Koyuncu, Aybüke, primary, Bugeme1, Patrick Musole, additional, Hulse1, Juan Dent, additional, Hutchins, Chloe, additional, Xu, Hanmeng, additional, Gallandat, Karin, additional, Cumming, Oliver, additional, Matundanya, Joseph, additional, Cikomola, Aimé, additional, Rukakiza, Dephin, additional, NKOMBO, Merveille, additional, Mufitini, Jaime Saidi, additional, Rumedeka, Bashige, additional, Akilimali, Laurent, additional, Lee, Elizabeth C., additional, Welo, Placide Okitayemba, additional, Knee, Jackie, additional, Azman, Andrew, additional, and Malembaka, Espoir Bwenge, additional

Published
2024
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46. Annual risk of hepatitis E virus infection and seroreversion: Insights from a serological cohort in Sitakunda, Bangladesh

Author

Dighe, Amy, primary, Khan, Ashraful Islam, additional, Bhuiyan, Taufiqur Rahman, additional, Islam, Md Taufiqul, additional, Khan, Zahid Hasan, additional, Khan, Ishtiakul Islam, additional, Hulse, Juan Dent, additional, Ahmed, Shakeel, additional, Rashid, Mamunur, additional, Hossain, Md Zakir, additional, Rashid, Rumana, additional, Hegde, Sonia T., additional, Gurley, Emily S., additional, Qadri, Firdausi, additional, and Azman, Andrew S., additional

Published
2024
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47. Improved water supply infrastructure to reduce acute diarrhoeal diseases and cholera in Uvira, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Results and lessons learned from a pragmatic trial.

Author

Gallandat, Karin, Macdougall, Amy, Jeandron, Aurélie, Mufitini Saidi, Jaime, Bashige Rumedeka, Baron, Malembaka, Espoir Bwenge, Azman, Andrew S., Bompangue, Didier, Cousens, Simon, Allen, Elizabeth, and Cumming, Oliver

Subjects
CHOLERA, WATER supply, ENVIRONMENTAL infrastructure, RAPID diagnostic tests, ACUTE diseases, PUBLIC health research
Abstract

Background: Safely managed drinking water is critical to prevent diarrhoeal diseases, including cholera, but evidence on the effectiveness of piped water supply in reducing these diseases in low-income and complex emergency settings remains scarce. Methods: We conducted a trial of water supply infrastructure improvements in Uvira (DRC). Our primary objective was to estimate the relationship between a composite index of water service quality and the monthly number of suspected cholera cases admitted to treatment facilities and, as a secondary analysis, the number of cases confirmed by rapid diagnostic tests. Other exposures included the quantity of supplied water and service continuity. We used Poisson generalised linear models with generalised estimating equations to estimate incidence rate ratios. Findings: Associations between suspected cholera incidence and water service quality (RR 0·86, 95% CI 0·73–1·01), quantity (RR 0·80, 95% CI 0·62–1·02) and continuity (RR 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·86) were estimated. The magnitudes of the associations were similar between confirmed cholera incidence and water service quality (RR 0·84, 95% CI 0·73–0·97), quantity (RR 0·76, 95% CI 0·61–0·94) and continuity (RR 0·75, 95% CI 0·69–0·81). These results suggest that an additional 5 L/user/day or 1.2 hour per day of water production could reduce confirmed cholera by 24% (95% CI 6–39%) and 25% (95% CI 19–31%), respectively. Interpretation: Ensuring a sufficient and continuous piped water supply may substantially reduce the burden of endemic cholera and diarrhoeal diseases but evaluating this rigorously is challenging. Pragmatic strategies are needed for public health research on complex interventions in protracted emergency settings. Trial registration: The trial is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02928341. https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02928341. Author summary: Diarrhoeal diseases including cholera remain a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, especially in areas with limited access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). However, evidence for the effect of piped water supply in reducing diarrhoeal diseases and cholera in complex emergency settings remains scarce. We evaluated a large-scale infrastructure programme to improve and expand the piped drinking water supply service in the town of Uvira (South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo), an area with a high burden of cholera and diarrhoeal diseases. We used five years of data from clinical surveillance and systematic cholera confirmation by rapid diagnostic tests in order to estimate associations between water supply infrastructure interventions and the incidence of diarrhoeal diseases and cholera. Our findings are consistent with existing evidence that a high-quality (or "safely managed") water service can be effective in reducing the burden of diarrhoeal diseases and cholera in low-income urban settings. Beyond overall service quality, the quantity of water supplied to the household and the continuity of the drinking water supply were both associated with a reduced risk of cholera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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