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142 results on '"Azmoudeh‐Ardalan, Farid"'

3. The tale of TILs in breast cancer: A report from The International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group

Author

El Bairi, Khalid, Haynes, Harry R, Blackley, Elizabeth, Fineberg, Susan, Shear, Jeffrey, Turner, Sophia, de Freitas, Juliana Ribeiro, Sur, Daniel, Amendola, Luis Claudio, Gharib, Masoumeh, Kallala, Amine, Arun, Indu, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Fujimoto, Luciana, Sua, Luz F, Liu, Shi-Wei, Lien, Huang-Chun, Kirtani, Pawan, Balancin, Marcelo, El Attar, Hicham, Guleria, Prerna, Yang, Wenxian, Shash, Emad, Chen, I-Chun, Bautista, Veronica, Do Prado Moura, Jose Fernando, Rapoport, Bernardo L, Castaneda, Carlos, Spengler, Eunice, Acosta-Haab, Gabriela, Frahm, Isabel, Sanchez, Joselyn, Castillo, Miluska, Bouchmaa, Najat, Md Zin, Reena R, Shui, Ruohong, Onyuma, Timothy, Yang, Wentao, Husain, Zaheed, Willard-Gallo, Karen, Coosemans, An, Perez, Edith A, Provenzano, Elena, Ericsson, Paula Gonzalez, Richardet, Eduardo, Mehrotra, Ravi, Sarancone, Sandra, Ehinger, Anna, Rimm, David L, Bartlett, John MS, Viale, Giuseppe, Denkert, Carsten, Hida, Akira I, Sotiriou, Christos, Loibl, Sibylle, Hewitt, Stephen M, Badve, Sunil, Symmans, William Fraser, Kim, Rim S, Pruneri, Giancarlo, Goel, Shom, Francis, Prudence A, Inurrigarro, Gloria, Yamaguchi, Rin, Garcia-Rivello, Hernan, Horlings, Hugo, Afqir, Said, Salgado, Roberto, Adams, Sylvia, Kok, Marleen, Dieci, Maria Vittoria, Michiels, Stefan, Demaria, Sandra, and Loi, Sherene

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Immunology, Breast Cancer, Cancer, Clinical Research, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Good Health and Well Being, International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group, Clinical sciences, Oncology and carcinogenesis, Epidemiology
Abstract

The advent of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in modern oncology has significantly improved survival in several cancer settings. A subgroup of women with breast cancer (BC) has immunogenic infiltration of lymphocytes with expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). These patients may potentially benefit from ICI targeting the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 signaling axis. The use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as predictive and prognostic biomarkers has been under intense examination. Emerging data suggest that TILs are associated with response to both cytotoxic treatments and immunotherapy, particularly for patients with triple-negative BC. In this review from The International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group, we discuss (a) the biological understanding of TILs, (b) their analytical and clinical validity and efforts toward the clinical utility in BC, and (c) the current status of PD-L1 and TIL testing across different continents, including experiences from low-to-middle-income countries, incorporating also the view of a patient advocate. This information will help set the stage for future approaches to optimize the understanding and clinical utilization of TIL analysis in patients with BC.

Published
2021

5. Mutational signatures in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from eight countries with varying incidence

Author

Moody, Sarah, Senkin, Sergey, Islam, S. M. Ashiqul, Wang, Jingwei, Nasrollahzadeh, Dariush, Cortez Cardoso Penha, Ricardo, Fitzgerald, Stephen, Bergstrom, Erik N., Atkins, Joshua, He, Yudou, Khandekar, Azhar, Smith-Byrne, Karl, Carreira, Christine, Gaborieau, Valerie, Latimer, Calli, Thomas, Emily, Abnizova, Irina, Bucciarelli, Pauline E., Jones, David, Teague, Jon W., Abedi-Ardekani, Behnoush, Serra, Stefano, Scoazec, Jean-Yves, Saffar, Hiva, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Sotoudeh, Masoud, Nikmanesh, Arash, Poustchi, Hossein, Niavarani, Ahmadreza, Gharavi, Samad, Eden, Michael, Richman, Paul, Campos, Lia S., Fitzgerald, Rebecca C., Ribeiro, Luis Felipe, Soares-Lima, Sheila Coelho, Dzamalala, Charles, Mmbaga, Blandina Theophil, Shibata, Tatsuhiro, Menya, Diana, Goldstein, Alisa M., Hu, Nan, Malekzadeh, Reza, Fazel, Abdolreza, McCormack, Valerie, McKay, James, Perdomo, Sandra, Scelo, Ghislaine, Chanudet, Estelle, Humphreys, Laura, Alexandrov, Ludmil B., Brennan, Paul, and Stratton, Michael R.

Published
2021
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6. Image-based multiplex immune profiling of cancer tissues: translational implications. A report of the International Immuno-oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer

Author

Pathologie, Cancer, Jahangir, Chowdhury Arif, Page, David B., Broeckx, Glenn, Gonzalez, Claudia A., Burke, Caoimbhe, Murphy, Clodagh, Reis-Filho, Jorge S., Ly, Amy, Harms, Paul W., Gupta, Rajarsi R., Vieth, Michael, Hida, Akira I., Kahila, Mohamed, Kos, Zuzana, van Diest, Paul J., Verbandt, Sara, Thagaard, Jeppe, Khiroya, Reena, Abduljabbar, Khalid, Acosta Haab, Gabriela, Acs, Balazs, Adams, Sylvia, Almeida, Jonas S., Alvarado-Cabrero, Isabel, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Badve, Sunil, Baharun, Nurkhairul Bariyah, Bellolio, Enrique R., Bheemaraju, Vydehi, Blenman, Kim R.M., Botinelly Mendonça Fujimoto, Luciana, Burgues, Octavio, Chardas, Alexandros, Cheang, Maggie Chon U., Ciompi, Francesco, Cooper, Lee A.D., Coosemans, An, Corredor, Germán, Dantas Portela, Flavio Luis, Deman, Frederik, Demaria, Sandra, Dudgeon, Sarah N., Elghazawy, Mahmoud, Fernandez-Martín, Claudio, Fineberg, Susan, Fox, Stephen B., Giltnane, Jennifer M., Gnjatic, Sacha, Gonzalez-Ericsson, Paula I., Grigoriadis, Anita, Halama, Niels, Hanna, Matthew G., Harbhajanka, Aparna, Hart, Steven N., Hartman, Johan, Hewitt, Stephen, Horlings, Hugo M., Husain, Zaheed, Irshad, Sheeba, Janssen, Emiel A.M., Kataoka, Tatsuki R., Kawaguchi, Kosuke, Khramtsov, Andrey I., Kiraz, Umay, Kirtani, Pawan, Kodach, Liudmila L., Korski, Konstanty, Akturk, Guray, Scott, Ely, Kovács, Anikó, Lænkholm, Anne Vibeke, Lang-Schwarz, Corinna, Larsimont, Denis, Lennerz, Jochen K., Lerousseau, Marvin, Li, Xiaoxian, Madabhushi, Anant, Maley, Sai K., Manur Narasimhamurthy, Vidya, Marks, Douglas K., McDonald, Elizabeth S., Mehrotra, Ravi, Michiels, Stefan, Kharidehal, Durga, Minhas, Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar, Mittal, Shachi, Moore, David A., Mushtaq, Shamim, Nighat, Hussain, Papathomas, Thomas, Penault-Llorca, Frederique, Perera, Rashindrie D., Pinard, Christopher J., Pinto-Cardenas, Juan Carlos, Pruneri, Giancarlo, Pusztai, Lajos, Rajpoot, Nasir Mahmood, Rapoport, Bernardo Leon, Rau, Tilman T., Ribeiro, Joana M., Rimm, David, Vincent-Salomon, Anne, Saltz, Joel, Sayed, Shahin, Hytopoulos, Evangelos, Mahon, Sarah, Siziopikou, Kalliopi P., Sotiriou, Christos, Stenzinger, Albrecht, Sughayer, Maher A., Sur, Daniel, Symmans, Fraser, Tanaka, Sunao, Taxter, Timothy, Tejpar, Sabine, Teuwen, Jonas, Thompson, E. Aubrey, Tramm, Trine, Tran, William T., van der Laak, Jeroen, Verghese, Gregory E., Viale, Giuseppe, Wahab, Noorul, Walter, Thomas, Waumans, Yannick, Wen, Hannah Y., Yang, Wentao, Yuan, Yinyin, Bartlett, John, Loibl, Sibylle, Denkert, Carsten, Savas, Peter, Loi, Sherene, Specht Stovgaard, Elisabeth, Salgado, Roberto, Gallagher, William M., Rahman, Arman, Pathologie, Cancer, Jahangir, Chowdhury Arif, Page, David B., Broeckx, Glenn, Gonzalez, Claudia A., Burke, Caoimbhe, Murphy, Clodagh, Reis-Filho, Jorge S., Ly, Amy, Harms, Paul W., Gupta, Rajarsi R., Vieth, Michael, Hida, Akira I., Kahila, Mohamed, Kos, Zuzana, van Diest, Paul J., Verbandt, Sara, Thagaard, Jeppe, Khiroya, Reena, Abduljabbar, Khalid, Acosta Haab, Gabriela, Acs, Balazs, Adams, Sylvia, Almeida, Jonas S., Alvarado-Cabrero, Isabel, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Badve, Sunil, Baharun, Nurkhairul Bariyah, Bellolio, Enrique R., Bheemaraju, Vydehi, Blenman, Kim R.M., Botinelly Mendonça Fujimoto, Luciana, Burgues, Octavio, Chardas, Alexandros, Cheang, Maggie Chon U., Ciompi, Francesco, Cooper, Lee A.D., Coosemans, An, Corredor, Germán, Dantas Portela, Flavio Luis, Deman, Frederik, Demaria, Sandra, Dudgeon, Sarah N., Elghazawy, Mahmoud, Fernandez-Martín, Claudio, Fineberg, Susan, Fox, Stephen B., Giltnane, Jennifer M., Gnjatic, Sacha, Gonzalez-Ericsson, Paula I., Grigoriadis, Anita, Halama, Niels, Hanna, Matthew G., Harbhajanka, Aparna, Hart, Steven N., Hartman, Johan, Hewitt, Stephen, Horlings, Hugo M., Husain, Zaheed, Irshad, Sheeba, Janssen, Emiel A.M., Kataoka, Tatsuki R., Kawaguchi, Kosuke, Khramtsov, Andrey I., Kiraz, Umay, Kirtani, Pawan, Kodach, Liudmila L., Korski, Konstanty, Akturk, Guray, Scott, Ely, Kovács, Anikó, Lænkholm, Anne Vibeke, Lang-Schwarz, Corinna, Larsimont, Denis, Lennerz, Jochen K., Lerousseau, Marvin, Li, Xiaoxian, Madabhushi, Anant, Maley, Sai K., Manur Narasimhamurthy, Vidya, Marks, Douglas K., McDonald, Elizabeth S., Mehrotra, Ravi, Michiels, Stefan, Kharidehal, Durga, Minhas, Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar, Mittal, Shachi, Moore, David A., Mushtaq, Shamim, Nighat, Hussain, Papathomas, Thomas, Penault-Llorca, Frederique, Perera, Rashindrie D., Pinard, Christopher J., Pinto-Cardenas, Juan Carlos, Pruneri, Giancarlo, Pusztai, Lajos, Rajpoot, Nasir Mahmood, Rapoport, Bernardo Leon, Rau, Tilman T., Ribeiro, Joana M., Rimm, David, Vincent-Salomon, Anne, Saltz, Joel, Sayed, Shahin, Hytopoulos, Evangelos, Mahon, Sarah, Siziopikou, Kalliopi P., Sotiriou, Christos, Stenzinger, Albrecht, Sughayer, Maher A., Sur, Daniel, Symmans, Fraser, Tanaka, Sunao, Taxter, Timothy, Tejpar, Sabine, Teuwen, Jonas, Thompson, E. Aubrey, Tramm, Trine, Tran, William T., van der Laak, Jeroen, Verghese, Gregory E., Viale, Giuseppe, Wahab, Noorul, Walter, Thomas, Waumans, Yannick, Wen, Hannah Y., Yang, Wentao, Yuan, Yinyin, Bartlett, John, Loibl, Sibylle, Denkert, Carsten, Savas, Peter, Loi, Sherene, Specht Stovgaard, Elisabeth, Salgado, Roberto, Gallagher, William M., and Rahman, Arman

Published
2024

7. Image-based multiplex immune profiling of cancer tissues:translational implications. A report of the International Immuno-oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer

Author

Jahangir, Chowdhury Arif, Page, David B., Broeckx, Glenn, Gonzalez, Claudia A., Burke, Caoimbhe, Murphy, Clodagh, Reis-Filho, Jorge S., Ly, Amy, Harms, Paul W., Gupta, Rajarsi R., Vieth, Michael, Hida, Akira I., Kahila, Mohamed, Kos, Zuzana, van Diest, Paul J., Verbandt, Sara, Thagaard, Jeppe, Khiroya, Reena, Abduljabbar, Khalid, Acosta Haab, Gabriela, Acs, Balazs, Adams, Sylvia, Almeida, Jonas S., Alvarado-Cabrero, Isabel, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Badve, Sunil, Baharun, Nurkhairul Bariyah, Bellolio, Enrique R., Bheemaraju, Vydehi, Blenman, Kim R.M., Botinelly Mendonça Fujimoto, Luciana, Burgues, Octavio, Chardas, Alexandros, Cheang, Maggie Chon U., Ciompi, Francesco, Cooper, Lee A.D., Coosemans, An, Corredor, Germán, Dantas Portela, Flavio Luis, Deman, Frederik, Demaria, Sandra, Dudgeon, Sarah N., Elghazawy, Mahmoud, Fernandez-Martín, Claudio, Fineberg, Susan, Fox, Stephen B., Giltnane, Jennifer M., Gnjatic, Sacha, Gonzalez-Ericsson, Paula I., Grigoriadis, Anita, Halama, Niels, Hanna, Matthew G., Harbhajanka, Aparna, Hart, Steven N., Hartman, Johan, Hewitt, Stephen, Horlings, Hugo M., Husain, Zaheed, Irshad, Sheeba, Janssen, Emiel A.M., Kataoka, Tatsuki R., Kawaguchi, Kosuke, Khramtsov, Andrey I., Kiraz, Umay, Kirtani, Pawan, Kodach, Liudmila L., Korski, Konstanty, Akturk, Guray, Scott, Ely, Kovács, Anikó, Lænkholm, Anne Vibeke, Lang-Schwarz, Corinna, Larsimont, Denis, Lennerz, Jochen K., Lerousseau, Marvin, Li, Xiaoxian, Madabhushi, Anant, Maley, Sai K., Manur Narasimhamurthy, Vidya, Marks, Douglas K., McDonald, Elizabeth S., Mehrotra, Ravi, Michiels, Stefan, Kharidehal, Durga, Minhas, Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar, Mittal, Shachi, Moore, David A., Mushtaq, Shamim, Nighat, Hussain, Papathomas, Thomas, Penault-Llorca, Frederique, Perera, Rashindrie D., Pinard, Christopher J., Pinto-Cardenas, Juan Carlos, Pruneri, Giancarlo, Pusztai, Lajos, Rajpoot, Nasir Mahmood, Rapoport, Bernardo Leon, Rau, Tilman T., Ribeiro, Joana M., Rimm, David, Vincent-Salomon, Anne, Saltz, Joel, Sayed, Shahin, Hytopoulos, Evangelos, Mahon, Sarah, Siziopikou, Kalliopi P., Sotiriou, Christos, Stenzinger, Albrecht, Sughayer, Maher A., Sur, Daniel, Symmans, Fraser, Tanaka, Sunao, Taxter, Timothy, Tejpar, Sabine, Teuwen, Jonas, Thompson, E. Aubrey, Tramm, Trine, Tran, William T., van der Laak, Jeroen, Verghese, Gregory E., Viale, Giuseppe, Wahab, Noorul, Walter, Thomas, Waumans, Yannick, Wen, Hannah Y., Yang, Wentao, Yuan, Yinyin, Bartlett, John, Loibl, Sibylle, Denkert, Carsten, Savas, Peter, Loi, Sherene, Specht Stovgaard, Elisabeth, Salgado, Roberto, Gallagher, William M., Rahman, Arman, Jahangir, Chowdhury Arif, Page, David B., Broeckx, Glenn, Gonzalez, Claudia A., Burke, Caoimbhe, Murphy, Clodagh, Reis-Filho, Jorge S., Ly, Amy, Harms, Paul W., Gupta, Rajarsi R., Vieth, Michael, Hida, Akira I., Kahila, Mohamed, Kos, Zuzana, van Diest, Paul J., Verbandt, Sara, Thagaard, Jeppe, Khiroya, Reena, Abduljabbar, Khalid, Acosta Haab, Gabriela, Acs, Balazs, Adams, Sylvia, Almeida, Jonas S., Alvarado-Cabrero, Isabel, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Badve, Sunil, Baharun, Nurkhairul Bariyah, Bellolio, Enrique R., Bheemaraju, Vydehi, Blenman, Kim R.M., Botinelly Mendonça Fujimoto, Luciana, Burgues, Octavio, Chardas, Alexandros, Cheang, Maggie Chon U., Ciompi, Francesco, Cooper, Lee A.D., Coosemans, An, Corredor, Germán, Dantas Portela, Flavio Luis, Deman, Frederik, Demaria, Sandra, Dudgeon, Sarah N., Elghazawy, Mahmoud, Fernandez-Martín, Claudio, Fineberg, Susan, Fox, Stephen B., Giltnane, Jennifer M., Gnjatic, Sacha, Gonzalez-Ericsson, Paula I., Grigoriadis, Anita, Halama, Niels, Hanna, Matthew G., Harbhajanka, Aparna, Hart, Steven N., Hartman, Johan, Hewitt, Stephen, Horlings, Hugo M., Husain, Zaheed, Irshad, Sheeba, Janssen, Emiel A.M., Kataoka, Tatsuki R., Kawaguchi, Kosuke, Khramtsov, Andrey I., Kiraz, Umay, Kirtani, Pawan, Kodach, Liudmila L., Korski, Konstanty, Akturk, Guray, Scott, Ely, Kovács, Anikó, Lænkholm, Anne Vibeke, Lang-Schwarz, Corinna, Larsimont, Denis, Lennerz, Jochen K., Lerousseau, Marvin, Li, Xiaoxian, Madabhushi, Anant, Maley, Sai K., Manur Narasimhamurthy, Vidya, Marks, Douglas K., McDonald, Elizabeth S., Mehrotra, Ravi, Michiels, Stefan, Kharidehal, Durga, Minhas, Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar, Mittal, Shachi, Moore, David A., Mushtaq, Shamim, Nighat, Hussain, Papathomas, Thomas, Penault-Llorca, Frederique, Perera, Rashindrie D., Pinard, Christopher J., Pinto-Cardenas, Juan Carlos, Pruneri, Giancarlo, Pusztai, Lajos, Rajpoot, Nasir Mahmood, Rapoport, Bernardo Leon, Rau, Tilman T., Ribeiro, Joana M., Rimm, David, Vincent-Salomon, Anne, Saltz, Joel, Sayed, Shahin, Hytopoulos, Evangelos, Mahon, Sarah, Siziopikou, Kalliopi P., Sotiriou, Christos, Stenzinger, Albrecht, Sughayer, Maher A., Sur, Daniel, Symmans, Fraser, Tanaka, Sunao, Taxter, Timothy, Tejpar, Sabine, Teuwen, Jonas, Thompson, E. Aubrey, Tramm, Trine, Tran, William T., van der Laak, Jeroen, Verghese, Gregory E., Viale, Giuseppe, Wahab, Noorul, Walter, Thomas, Waumans, Yannick, Wen, Hannah Y., Yang, Wentao, Yuan, Yinyin, Bartlett, John, Loibl, Sibylle, Denkert, Carsten, Savas, Peter, Loi, Sherene, Specht Stovgaard, Elisabeth, Salgado, Roberto, Gallagher, William M., and Rahman, Arman

Abstract

Recent advances in the field of immuno-oncology have brought transformative changes in the management of cancer patients. The immune profile of tumours has been found to have key value in predicting disease prognosis and treatment response in various cancers. Multiplex immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence have emerged as potent tools for the simultaneous detection of multiple protein biomarkers in a single tissue section, thereby expanding opportunities for molecular and immune profiling while preserving tissue samples. By establishing the phenotype of individual tumour cells when distributed within a mixed cell population, the identification of clinically relevant biomarkers with high-throughput multiplex immunophenotyping of tumour samples has great potential to guide appropriate treatment choices. Moreover, the emergence of novel multi-marker imaging approaches can now provide unprecedented insights into the tumour microenvironment, including the potential interplay between various cell types. However, there are significant challenges to widespread integration of these technologies in daily research and clinical practice. This review addresses the challenges and potential solutions within a structured framework of action from a regulatory and clinical trial perspective. New developments within the field of immunophenotyping using multiplexed tissue imaging platforms and associated digital pathology are also described, with a specific focus on translational implications across different subtypes of cancer.

Published
2024

8. Image‐based multiplex immune profiling of cancer tissues: translational implications. A report of the International Immuno‐oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer

Author

Jahangir, Chowdhury Arif, primary, Page, David B, additional, Broeckx, Glenn, additional, Gonzalez, Claudia A, additional, Burke, Caoimbhe, additional, Murphy, Clodagh, additional, Reis‐Filho, Jorge S, additional, Ly, Amy, additional, Harms, Paul W, additional, Gupta, Rajarsi R, additional, Vieth, Michael, additional, Hida, Akira I, additional, Kahila, Mohamed, additional, Kos, Zuzana, additional, van Diest, Paul J, additional, Verbandt, Sara, additional, Thagaard, Jeppe, additional, Khiroya, Reena, additional, Abduljabbar, Khalid, additional, Acosta Haab, Gabriela, additional, Acs, Balazs, additional, Adams, Sylvia, additional, Almeida, Jonas S, additional, Alvarado‐Cabrero, Isabel, additional, Azmoudeh‐Ardalan, Farid, additional, Badve, Sunil, additional, Baharun, Nurkhairul Bariyah, additional, Bellolio, Enrique R, additional, Bheemaraju, Vydehi, additional, Blenman, Kim RM, additional, Botinelly Mendonça Fujimoto, Luciana, additional, Burgues, Octavio, additional, Chardas, Alexandros, additional, Cheang, Maggie Chon U, additional, Ciompi, Francesco, additional, Cooper, Lee AD, additional, Coosemans, An, additional, Corredor, Germán, additional, Dantas Portela, Flavio Luis, additional, Deman, Frederik, additional, Demaria, Sandra, additional, Dudgeon, Sarah N, additional, Elghazawy, Mahmoud, additional, Fernandez‐Martín, Claudio, additional, Fineberg, Susan, additional, Fox, Stephen B, additional, Giltnane, Jennifer M, additional, Gnjatic, Sacha, additional, Gonzalez‐Ericsson, Paula I, additional, Grigoriadis, Anita, additional, Halama, Niels, additional, Hanna, Matthew G, additional, Harbhajanka, Aparna, additional, Hart, Steven N, additional, Hartman, Johan, additional, Hewitt, Stephen, additional, Horlings, Hugo M, additional, Husain, Zaheed, additional, Irshad, Sheeba, additional, Janssen, Emiel AM, additional, Kataoka, Tatsuki R, additional, Kawaguchi, Kosuke, additional, Khramtsov, Andrey I, additional, Kiraz, Umay, additional, Kirtani, Pawan, additional, Kodach, Liudmila L, additional, Korski, Konstanty, additional, Akturk, Guray, additional, Scott, Ely, additional, Kovács, Anikó, additional, Lænkholm, Anne‐Vibeke, additional, Lang‐Schwarz, Corinna, additional, Larsimont, Denis, additional, Lennerz, Jochen K, additional, Lerousseau, Marvin, additional, Li, Xiaoxian, additional, Madabhushi, Anant, additional, Maley, Sai K, additional, Manur Narasimhamurthy, Vidya, additional, Marks, Douglas K, additional, McDonald, Elizabeth S, additional, Mehrotra, Ravi, additional, Michiels, Stefan, additional, Kharidehal, Durga, additional, Minhas, Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar, additional, Mittal, Shachi, additional, Moore, David A, additional, Mushtaq, Shamim, additional, Nighat, Hussain, additional, Papathomas, Thomas, additional, Penault‐Llorca, Frederique, additional, Perera, Rashindrie D, additional, Pinard, Christopher J, additional, Pinto‐Cardenas, Juan Carlos, additional, Pruneri, Giancarlo, additional, Pusztai, Lajos, additional, Rajpoot, Nasir Mahmood, additional, Rapoport, Bernardo Leon, additional, Rau, Tilman T, additional, Ribeiro, Joana M, additional, Rimm, David, additional, Vincent‐Salomon, Anne, additional, Saltz, Joel, additional, Sayed, Shahin, additional, Hytopoulos, Evangelos, additional, Mahon, Sarah, additional, Siziopikou, Kalliopi P, additional, Sotiriou, Christos, additional, Stenzinger, Albrecht, additional, Sughayer, Maher A, additional, Sur, Daniel, additional, Symmans, Fraser, additional, Tanaka, Sunao, additional, Taxter, Timothy, additional, Tejpar, Sabine, additional, Teuwen, Jonas, additional, Thompson, E Aubrey, additional, Tramm, Trine, additional, Tran, William T, additional, van der Laak, Jeroen, additional, Verghese, Gregory E, additional, Viale, Giuseppe, additional, Wahab, Noorul, additional, Walter, Thomas, additional, Waumans, Yannick, additional, Wen, Hannah Y, additional, Yang, Wentao, additional, Yuan, Yinyin, additional, Bartlett, John, additional, Loibl, Sibylle, additional, Denkert, Carsten, additional, Savas, Peter, additional, Loi, Sherene, additional, Specht Stovgaard, Elisabeth, additional, Salgado, Roberto, additional, Gallagher, William M, additional, and Rahman, Arman, additional

Published
2024
Full Text
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9. Spatial analyses of immune cell infiltration in cancer: current methods and future directions. A report of the International Immuno‐Oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer

Author

Page, David B, primary, Broeckx, Glenn, additional, Jahangir, Chowdhury Arif, additional, Verbandt, Sara, additional, Gupta, Rajarsi R, additional, Thagaard, Jeppe, additional, Khiroya, Reena, additional, Kos, Zuzana, additional, Abduljabbar, Khalid, additional, Acosta Haab, Gabriela, additional, Acs, Balazs, additional, Almeida, Jonas S, additional, Alvarado‐Cabrero, Isabel, additional, Azmoudeh‐Ardalan, Farid, additional, Badve, Sunil, additional, Baharun, Nurkhairul Bariyah, additional, Bellolio, Enrique R, additional, Bheemaraju, Vydehi, additional, Blenman, Kim RM, additional, Botinelly Mendonça Fujimoto, Luciana, additional, Burgues, Octavio, additional, Cheang, Maggie Chon U, additional, Ciompi, Francesco, additional, Cooper, Lee AD, additional, Coosemans, An, additional, Corredor, Germán, additional, Dantas Portela, Flavio Luis, additional, Deman, Frederik, additional, Demaria, Sandra, additional, Dudgeon, Sarah N, additional, Elghazawy, Mahmoud, additional, Ely, Scott, additional, Fernandez‐Martín, Claudio, additional, Fineberg, Susan, additional, Fox, Stephen B, additional, Gallagher, William M, additional, Giltnane, Jennifer M, additional, Gnjatic, Sacha, additional, Gonzalez‐Ericsson, Paula I, additional, Grigoriadis, Anita, additional, Halama, Niels, additional, Hanna, Matthew G, additional, Harbhajanka, Aparna, additional, Hardas, Alexandros, additional, Hart, Steven N, additional, Hartman, Johan, additional, Hewitt, Stephen, additional, Hida, Akira I, additional, Horlings, Hugo M, additional, Husain, Zaheed, additional, Hytopoulos, Evangelos, additional, Irshad, Sheeba, additional, Janssen, Emiel AM, additional, Kahila, Mohamed, additional, Kataoka, Tatsuki R, additional, Kawaguchi, Kosuke, additional, Kharidehal, Durga, additional, Khramtsov, Andrey I, additional, Kiraz, Umay, additional, Kirtani, Pawan, additional, Kodach, Liudmila L, additional, Korski, Konstanty, additional, Kovács, Anikó, additional, Laenkholm, Anne‐Vibeke, additional, Lang‐Schwarz, Corinna, additional, Larsimont, Denis, additional, Lennerz, Jochen K, additional, Lerousseau, Marvin, additional, Li, Xiaoxian, additional, Ly, Amy, additional, Madabhushi, Anant, additional, Maley, Sai K, additional, Manur Narasimhamurthy, Vidya, additional, Marks, Douglas K, additional, McDonald, Elizabeth S, additional, Mehrotra, Ravi, additional, Michiels, Stefan, additional, Minhas, Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar, additional, Mittal, Shachi, additional, Moore, David A, additional, Mushtaq, Shamim, additional, Nighat, Hussain, additional, Papathomas, Thomas, additional, Penault‐Llorca, Frederique, additional, Perera, Rashindrie D, additional, Pinard, Christopher J, additional, Pinto‐Cardenas, Juan Carlos, additional, Pruneri, Giancarlo, additional, Pusztai, Lajos, additional, Rahman, Arman, additional, Rajpoot, Nasir Mahmood, additional, Rapoport, Bernardo Leon, additional, Rau, Tilman T, additional, Reis‐Filho, Jorge S, additional, Ribeiro, Joana M, additional, Rimm, David, additional, Salomon, Anne‐Vincent, additional, Salto‐Tellez, Manuel, additional, Saltz, Joel, additional, Sayed, Shahin, additional, Siziopikou, Kalliopi P, additional, Sotiriou, Christos, additional, Stenzinger, Albrecht, additional, Sughayer, Maher A, additional, Sur, Daniel, additional, Symmans, Fraser, additional, Tanaka, Sunao, additional, Taxter, Timothy, additional, Tejpar, Sabine, additional, Teuwen, Jonas, additional, Thompson, E Aubrey, additional, Tramm, Trine, additional, Tran, William T, additional, van der Laak, Jeroen, additional, van Diest, Paul J, additional, Verghese, Gregory E, additional, Viale, Giuseppe, additional, Vieth, Michael, additional, Wahab, Noorul, additional, Walter, Thomas, additional, Waumans, Yannick, additional, Wen, Hannah Y, additional, Yang, Wentao, additional, Yuan, Yinyin, additional, Adams, Sylvia, additional, Bartlett, John Mark Seaverns, additional, Loibl, Sibylle, additional, Denkert, Carsten, additional, Savas, Peter, additional, Loi, Sherene, additional, Salgado, Roberto, additional, Specht Stovgaard, Elisabeth, additional, Akturk, Guray, additional, and Bouchmaa, Najat, additional

Published
2023
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10. Pitfalls in machine learning‐based assessment of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer: a report of the international immuno‐oncology biomarker working group

Author

Thagaard, Jeppe, primary, Broeckx, Glenn, additional, Page, David B, additional, Jahangir, Chowdhury Arif, additional, Verbandt, Sara, additional, Kos, Zuzana, additional, Gupta, Rajarsi, additional, Khiroya, Reena, additional, Abduljabbar, Khalid, additional, Acosta Haab, Gabriela, additional, Acs, Balazs, additional, Akturk, Guray, additional, Almeida, Jonas S, additional, Alvarado‐Cabrero, Isabel, additional, Amgad, Mohamed, additional, Azmoudeh‐Ardalan, Farid, additional, Badve, Sunil, additional, Baharun, Nurkhairul Bariyah, additional, Balslev, Eva, additional, Bellolio, Enrique R, additional, Bheemaraju, Vydehi, additional, Blenman, Kim RM, additional, Botinelly Mendonça Fujimoto, Luciana, additional, Bouchmaa, Najat, additional, Burgues, Octavio, additional, Chardas, Alexandros, additional, Chon U Cheang, Maggie, additional, Ciompi, Francesco, additional, Cooper, Lee AD, additional, Coosemans, An, additional, Corredor, Germán, additional, Dahl, Anders B, additional, Dantas Portela, Flavio Luis, additional, Deman, Frederik, additional, Demaria, Sandra, additional, Doré Hansen, Johan, additional, Dudgeon, Sarah N, additional, Ebstrup, Thomas, additional, Elghazawy, Mahmoud, additional, Fernandez‐Martín, Claudio, additional, Fox, Stephen B, additional, Gallagher, William M, additional, Giltnane, Jennifer M, additional, Gnjatic, Sacha, additional, Gonzalez‐Ericsson, Paula I, additional, Grigoriadis, Anita, additional, Halama, Niels, additional, Hanna, Matthew G, additional, Harbhajanka, Aparna, additional, Hart, Steven N, additional, Hartman, Johan, additional, Hauberg, Søren, additional, Hewitt, Stephen, additional, Hida, Akira I, additional, Horlings, Hugo M, additional, Husain, Zaheed, additional, Hytopoulos, Evangelos, additional, Irshad, Sheeba, additional, Janssen, Emiel AM, additional, Kahila, Mohamed, additional, Kataoka, Tatsuki R, additional, Kawaguchi, Kosuke, additional, Kharidehal, Durga, additional, Khramtsov, Andrey I, additional, Kiraz, Umay, additional, Kirtani, Pawan, additional, Kodach, Liudmila L, additional, Korski, Konstanty, additional, Kovács, Anikó, additional, Laenkholm, Anne‐Vibeke, additional, Lang‐Schwarz, Corinna, additional, Larsimont, Denis, additional, Lennerz, Jochen K, additional, Lerousseau, Marvin, additional, Li, Xiaoxian, additional, Ly, Amy, additional, Madabhushi, Anant, additional, Maley, Sai K, additional, Manur Narasimhamurthy, Vidya, additional, Marks, Douglas K, additional, McDonald, Elizabeth S, additional, Mehrotra, Ravi, additional, Michiels, Stefan, additional, Minhas, Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar, additional, Mittal, Shachi, additional, Moore, David A, additional, Mushtaq, Shamim, additional, Nighat, Hussain, additional, Papathomas, Thomas, additional, Penault‐Llorca, Frederique, additional, Perera, Rashindrie D, additional, Pinard, Christopher J, additional, Pinto‐Cardenas, Juan Carlos, additional, Pruneri, Giancarlo, additional, Pusztai, Lajos, additional, Rahman, Arman, additional, Rajpoot, Nasir Mahmood, additional, Rapoport, Bernardo Leon, additional, Rau, Tilman T, additional, Reis‐Filho, Jorge S, additional, Ribeiro, Joana M, additional, Rimm, David, additional, Roslind, Anne, additional, Vincent‐Salomon, Anne, additional, Salto‐Tellez, Manuel, additional, Saltz, Joel, additional, Sayed, Shahin, additional, Scott, Ely, additional, Siziopikou, Kalliopi P, additional, Sotiriou, Christos, additional, Stenzinger, Albrecht, additional, Sughayer, Maher A, additional, Sur, Daniel, additional, Fineberg, Susan, additional, Symmans, Fraser, additional, Tanaka, Sunao, additional, Taxter, Timothy, additional, Tejpar, Sabine, additional, Teuwen, Jonas, additional, Thompson, E Aubrey, additional, Tramm, Trine, additional, Tran, William T, additional, van der Laak, Jeroen, additional, van Diest, Paul J, additional, Verghese, Gregory E, additional, Viale, Giuseppe, additional, Vieth, Michael, additional, Wahab, Noorul, additional, Walter, Thomas, additional, Waumans, Yannick, additional, Wen, Hannah Y, additional, Yang, Wentao, additional, Yuan, Yinyin, additional, Zin, Reena Md, additional, Adams, Sylvia, additional, Bartlett, John, additional, Loibl, Sibylle, additional, Denkert, Carsten, additional, Savas, Peter, additional, Loi, Sherene, additional, Salgado, Roberto, additional, and Specht Stovgaard, Elisabeth, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
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11. PanCanAID – Pancreas Cancer Artificial Intelligence Driven Diagnosis in CT Scan Imaging: A Protocol for a Multicentric Ambispective Diagnostic Study

Author

Safavi-Naini, Seyed Amir Ahmad, primary, Behnamnia, Armin, additional, Khorasanizadeh, Faezeh, additional, Soroush, Ali, additional, Zamani, Farhad, additional, Salahshour, Faeze, additional, Sadeghi, Amir, additional, Mirtajaddini, Seyedmahdi, additional, Zandi, Ashkan, additional, Shojaeian, Fatemeh, additional, Saeedi, Maryam, additional, Ehasni, Azade, additional, Chavoshi Khamneh, Abdolhamid, additional, Mohsenifar, Zhaleh, additional, Azmoudeh Ardalan, Farid, additional, Firouznia, Kavous, additional, Shahrokh, Shabnam, additional, Raoufi, Masoomeh, additional, Dehghan, Pooneh, additional, Ketabi Moghadam, Pardis, additional, Mansour-Ghanaei, Alireza, additional, Mellatdoust, Parinaz, additional, Malekpour, Habib, additional, Rasekhi, Alireza, additional, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, additional, Sohrabi, Masoudreza, additional, Zarei, Fariba, additional, Radmard, Amir Reza, additional, Ghanaati, Hossein, additional, Asadzadeh Aghdaei, Hamid, additional, Zali, Mohammad Reza, additional, and Rabiee, Hamid R., additional

Published
2023
Full Text
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13. Pitfalls in machine learning-based assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer:A report of the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer

Author

Thagaard, Jeppe, Broeckx, Glenn, Page, David B, Jahangir, Chowdhury Arif, Verbandt, Sara, Kos, Zuzana, Gupta, Rajarsi, Khiroya, Reena, Abduljabbar, Khalid, Acosta Haab, Gabriela, Acs, Balazs, Akturk, Guray, Almeida, Jonas S, Alvarado-Cabrero, Isabel, Amgad, Mohamed, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Badve, Sunil, Baharun, Nurkhairul Bariyah, Balslev, Eva, Bellolio, Enrique R, Bheemaraju, Vydehi, Blenman, Kim Rm, Botinelly Mendonça Fujimoto, Luciana, Bouchmaa, Najat, Burgues, Octavio, Chardas, Alexandros, Chon U Cheang, Maggie, Ciompi, Francesco, Cooper, Lee Ad, Coosemans, An, Corredor, Germán, Dahl, Anders B, Dantas Portela, Flavio Luis, Deman, Frederik, Demaria, Sandra, Doré Hansen, Johan, Dudgeon, Sarah N, Ebstrup, Thomas, Elghazawy, Mahmoud, Fernandez-Martín, Claudio, Fox, Stephen B, Gallagher, William M, Giltnane, Jennifer M, Gnjatic, Sacha, Gonzalez-Ericsson, Paula I, Grigoriadis, Anita, Halama, Niels, Hanna, Matthew G, Harbhajanka, Aparna, Hart, Steven N, Hartman, Johan, Hauberg, Søren, Hewitt, Stephen, Hida, Akira I, Horlings, Hugo M, Husain, Zaheed, Hytopoulos, Evangelos, Irshad, Sheeba, Janssen, Emiel Am, Kahila, Mohamed, Kataoka, Tatsuki R, Kawaguchi, Kosuke, Kharidehal, Durga, Khramtsov, Andrey I, Kiraz, Umay, Kirtani, Pawan, Kodach, Liudmila L, Korski, Konstanty, Kovács, Anikó, Laenkholm, Anne-Vibeke, Lang-Schwarz, Corinna, Larsimont, Denis, Lennerz, Jochen K, Lerousseau, Marvin, Li, Xiaoxian, Ly, Amy, Madabhushi, Anant, Maley, Sai K, Manur Narasimhamurthy, Vidya, Marks, Douglas K, McDonald, Elizabeth S, Mehrotra, Ravi, Michiels, Stefan, Minhas, Fayyaz Ul Amir Afsar, Mittal, Shachi, Moore, David A, Mushtaq, Shamim, Nighat, Hussain, Papathomas, Thomas, Penault-Llorca, Frederique, Perera, Rashindrie D, Pinard, Christopher J, Pinto-Cardenas, Juan Carlos, Pruneri, Giancarlo, Pusztai, Lajos, Rahman, Arman, Rajpoot, Nasir Mahmood, Rapoport, Bernardo Leon, Rau, Tilman T, Reis-Filho, Jorge S, Ribeiro, Joana M, Rimm, David, Roslind, Anne, Vincent-Salomon, Anne, Salto-Tellez, Manuel, Saltz, Joel, Sayed, Shahin, Scott, Ely, Siziopikou, Kalliopi P, Sotiriou, Christos, Stenzinger, Albrecht, Sughayer, Maher A, Sur, Daniel, Fineberg, Susan, Symmans, Fraser, Tanaka, Sunao, Taxter, Timothy, Tejpar, Sabine, Teuwen, Jonas, Thompson, E Aubrey, Tramm, Trine, Tran, William T, van der Laak, Jeroen, van Diest, Paul J, Verghese, Gregory E, Viale, Giuseppe, Vieth, Michael, Wahab, Noorul, Walter, Thomas, Waumans, Yannick, Wen, Hannah Y, Yang, Wentao, Yuan, Yinyin, Zin, Reena Md, Adams, Sylvia, Bartlett, John, Loibl, Sibylle, Denkert, Carsten, Savas, Peter, Loi, Sherene, Salgado, Roberto, Specht Stovgaard, Elisabeth, Thagaard, Jeppe, Broeckx, Glenn, Page, David B, Jahangir, Chowdhury Arif, Verbandt, Sara, Kos, Zuzana, Gupta, Rajarsi, Khiroya, Reena, Abduljabbar, Khalid, Acosta Haab, Gabriela, Acs, Balazs, Akturk, Guray, Almeida, Jonas S, Alvarado-Cabrero, Isabel, Amgad, Mohamed, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Badve, Sunil, Baharun, Nurkhairul Bariyah, Balslev, Eva, Bellolio, Enrique R, Bheemaraju, Vydehi, Blenman, Kim Rm, Botinelly Mendonça Fujimoto, Luciana, Bouchmaa, Najat, Burgues, Octavio, Chardas, Alexandros, Chon U Cheang, Maggie, Ciompi, Francesco, Cooper, Lee Ad, Coosemans, An, Corredor, Germán, Dahl, Anders B, Dantas Portela, Flavio Luis, Deman, Frederik, Demaria, Sandra, Doré Hansen, Johan, Dudgeon, Sarah N, Ebstrup, Thomas, Elghazawy, Mahmoud, Fernandez-Martín, Claudio, Fox, Stephen B, Gallagher, William M, Giltnane, Jennifer M, Gnjatic, Sacha, Gonzalez-Ericsson, Paula I, Grigoriadis, Anita, Halama, Niels, Hanna, Matthew G, Harbhajanka, Aparna, Hart, Steven N, Hartman, Johan, Hauberg, Søren, Hewitt, Stephen, Hida, Akira I, Horlings, Hugo M, Husain, Zaheed, Hytopoulos, Evangelos, Irshad, Sheeba, Janssen, Emiel Am, Kahila, Mohamed, Kataoka, Tatsuki R, Kawaguchi, Kosuke, Kharidehal, Durga, Khramtsov, Andrey I, Kiraz, Umay, Kirtani, Pawan, Kodach, Liudmila L, Korski, Konstanty, Kovács, Anikó, Laenkholm, Anne-Vibeke, Lang-Schwarz, Corinna, Larsimont, Denis, Lennerz, Jochen K, Lerousseau, Marvin, Li, Xiaoxian, Ly, Amy, Madabhushi, Anant, Maley, Sai K, Manur Narasimhamurthy, Vidya, Marks, Douglas K, McDonald, Elizabeth S, Mehrotra, Ravi, Michiels, Stefan, Minhas, Fayyaz Ul Amir Afsar, Mittal, Shachi, Moore, David A, Mushtaq, Shamim, Nighat, Hussain, Papathomas, Thomas, Penault-Llorca, Frederique, Perera, Rashindrie D, Pinard, Christopher J, Pinto-Cardenas, Juan Carlos, Pruneri, Giancarlo, Pusztai, Lajos, Rahman, Arman, Rajpoot, Nasir Mahmood, Rapoport, Bernardo Leon, Rau, Tilman T, Reis-Filho, Jorge S, Ribeiro, Joana M, Rimm, David, Roslind, Anne, Vincent-Salomon, Anne, Salto-Tellez, Manuel, Saltz, Joel, Sayed, Shahin, Scott, Ely, Siziopikou, Kalliopi P, Sotiriou, Christos, Stenzinger, Albrecht, Sughayer, Maher A, Sur, Daniel, Fineberg, Susan, Symmans, Fraser, Tanaka, Sunao, Taxter, Timothy, Tejpar, Sabine, Teuwen, Jonas, Thompson, E Aubrey, Tramm, Trine, Tran, William T, van der Laak, Jeroen, van Diest, Paul J, Verghese, Gregory E, Viale, Giuseppe, Vieth, Michael, Wahab, Noorul, Walter, Thomas, Waumans, Yannick, Wen, Hannah Y, Yang, Wentao, Yuan, Yinyin, Zin, Reena Md, Adams, Sylvia, Bartlett, John, Loibl, Sibylle, Denkert, Carsten, Savas, Peter, Loi, Sherene, Salgado, Roberto, and Specht Stovgaard, Elisabeth

Abstract

The clinical significance of the tumor-immune interaction in breast cancer is now established, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have emerged as predictive and prognostic biomarkers for patients with triple-negative (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2-negative) breast cancer and HER2-positive breast cancer. How computational assessments of TILs might complement manual TIL assessment in trial and daily practices is currently debated. Recent efforts to use machine learning (ML) to automatically evaluate TILs have shown promising results. We review state-of-the-art approaches and identify pitfalls and challenges of automated TIL evaluation by studying the root cause of ML discordances in comparison to manual TIL quantification. We categorize our findings into four main topics: (1) technical slide issues, (2) ML and image analysis aspects, (3) data challenges, and (4) validation issues. The main reason for discordant assessments is the inclusion of false-positive areas or cells identified by performance on certain tissue patterns or design choices in the computational implementation. To aid the adoption of ML for TIL assessment, we provide an in-depth discussion of ML and image analysis, including validation issues that need to be considered before reliable computational reporting of TILs can be incorporated into the trial and routine clinical management of patients with triple-negative breast cancer.

Published
2023

14. Pitfalls in machine learning-based assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer: A report of the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer

Author

Pathologie, Cancer, Thagaard, Jeppe, Broeckx, Glenn, Page, David B, Jahangir, Chowdhury Arif, Verbandt, Sara, Kos, Zuzana, Gupta, Rajarsi, Khiroya, Reena, Abduljabbar, Khalid, Acosta Haab, Gabriela, Acs, Balazs, Akturk, Guray, Almeida, Jonas S, Alvarado-Cabrero, Isabel, Amgad, Mohamed, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Badve, Sunil, Baharun, Nurkhairul Bariyah, Balslev, Eva, Bellolio, Enrique R, Bheemaraju, Vydehi, Blenman, Kim Rm, Botinelly Mendonça Fujimoto, Luciana, Bouchmaa, Najat, Burgues, Octavio, Chardas, Alexandros, Chon U Cheang, Maggie, Ciompi, Francesco, Cooper, Lee Ad, Coosemans, An, Corredor, Germán, Dahl, Anders B, Dantas Portela, Flavio Luis, Deman, Frederik, Demaria, Sandra, Doré Hansen, Johan, Dudgeon, Sarah N, Ebstrup, Thomas, Elghazawy, Mahmoud, Fernandez-Martín, Claudio, Fox, Stephen B, Gallagher, William M, Giltnane, Jennifer M, Gnjatic, Sacha, Gonzalez-Ericsson, Paula I, Grigoriadis, Anita, Halama, Niels, Hanna, Matthew G, Harbhajanka, Aparna, Hart, Steven N, Hartman, Johan, Hauberg, Søren, Hewitt, Stephen, Hida, Akira I, Horlings, Hugo M, Husain, Zaheed, Hytopoulos, Evangelos, Irshad, Sheeba, Janssen, Emiel Am, Kahila, Mohamed, Kataoka, Tatsuki R, Kawaguchi, Kosuke, Kharidehal, Durga, Khramtsov, Andrey I, Kiraz, Umay, Kirtani, Pawan, Kodach, Liudmila L, Korski, Konstanty, Kovács, Anikó, Laenkholm, Anne-Vibeke, Lang-Schwarz, Corinna, Larsimont, Denis, Lennerz, Jochen K, Lerousseau, Marvin, Li, Xiaoxian, Ly, Amy, Madabhushi, Anant, Maley, Sai K, Manur Narasimhamurthy, Vidya, Marks, Douglas K, McDonald, Elizabeth S, Mehrotra, Ravi, Michiels, Stefan, Minhas, Fayyaz Ul Amir Afsar, Mittal, Shachi, Moore, David A, Mushtaq, Shamim, Nighat, Hussain, Papathomas, Thomas, Penault-Llorca, Frederique, Perera, Rashindrie D, Pinard, Christopher J, Pinto-Cardenas, Juan Carlos, Pruneri, Giancarlo, Pusztai, Lajos, Rahman, Arman, Rajpoot, Nasir Mahmood, Rapoport, Bernardo Leon, Rau, Tilman T, Reis-Filho, Jorge S, Ribeiro, Joana M, Rimm, David, Roslind, Anne, Vincent-Salomon, Anne, Salto-Tellez, Manuel, Saltz, Joel, Sayed, Shahin, Scott, Ely, Siziopikou, Kalliopi P, Sotiriou, Christos, Stenzinger, Albrecht, Sughayer, Maher A, Sur, Daniel, Fineberg, Susan, Symmans, Fraser, Tanaka, Sunao, Taxter, Timothy, Tejpar, Sabine, Teuwen, Jonas, Thompson, E Aubrey, Tramm, Trine, Tran, William T, van der Laak, Jeroen, van Diest, Paul J, Verghese, Gregory E, Viale, Giuseppe, Vieth, Michael, Wahab, Noorul, Walter, Thomas, Waumans, Yannick, Wen, Hannah Y, Yang, Wentao, Yuan, Yinyin, Zin, Reena Md, Adams, Sylvia, Bartlett, John, Loibl, Sibylle, Denkert, Carsten, Savas, Peter, Loi, Sherene, Salgado, Roberto, Specht Stovgaard, Elisabeth, Pathologie, Cancer, Thagaard, Jeppe, Broeckx, Glenn, Page, David B, Jahangir, Chowdhury Arif, Verbandt, Sara, Kos, Zuzana, Gupta, Rajarsi, Khiroya, Reena, Abduljabbar, Khalid, Acosta Haab, Gabriela, Acs, Balazs, Akturk, Guray, Almeida, Jonas S, Alvarado-Cabrero, Isabel, Amgad, Mohamed, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Badve, Sunil, Baharun, Nurkhairul Bariyah, Balslev, Eva, Bellolio, Enrique R, Bheemaraju, Vydehi, Blenman, Kim Rm, Botinelly Mendonça Fujimoto, Luciana, Bouchmaa, Najat, Burgues, Octavio, Chardas, Alexandros, Chon U Cheang, Maggie, Ciompi, Francesco, Cooper, Lee Ad, Coosemans, An, Corredor, Germán, Dahl, Anders B, Dantas Portela, Flavio Luis, Deman, Frederik, Demaria, Sandra, Doré Hansen, Johan, Dudgeon, Sarah N, Ebstrup, Thomas, Elghazawy, Mahmoud, Fernandez-Martín, Claudio, Fox, Stephen B, Gallagher, William M, Giltnane, Jennifer M, Gnjatic, Sacha, Gonzalez-Ericsson, Paula I, Grigoriadis, Anita, Halama, Niels, Hanna, Matthew G, Harbhajanka, Aparna, Hart, Steven N, Hartman, Johan, Hauberg, Søren, Hewitt, Stephen, Hida, Akira I, Horlings, Hugo M, Husain, Zaheed, Hytopoulos, Evangelos, Irshad, Sheeba, Janssen, Emiel Am, Kahila, Mohamed, Kataoka, Tatsuki R, Kawaguchi, Kosuke, Kharidehal, Durga, Khramtsov, Andrey I, Kiraz, Umay, Kirtani, Pawan, Kodach, Liudmila L, Korski, Konstanty, Kovács, Anikó, Laenkholm, Anne-Vibeke, Lang-Schwarz, Corinna, Larsimont, Denis, Lennerz, Jochen K, Lerousseau, Marvin, Li, Xiaoxian, Ly, Amy, Madabhushi, Anant, Maley, Sai K, Manur Narasimhamurthy, Vidya, Marks, Douglas K, McDonald, Elizabeth S, Mehrotra, Ravi, Michiels, Stefan, Minhas, Fayyaz Ul Amir Afsar, Mittal, Shachi, Moore, David A, Mushtaq, Shamim, Nighat, Hussain, Papathomas, Thomas, Penault-Llorca, Frederique, Perera, Rashindrie D, Pinard, Christopher J, Pinto-Cardenas, Juan Carlos, Pruneri, Giancarlo, Pusztai, Lajos, Rahman, Arman, Rajpoot, Nasir Mahmood, Rapoport, Bernardo Leon, Rau, Tilman T, Reis-Filho, Jorge S, Ribeiro, Joana M, Rimm, David, Roslind, Anne, Vincent-Salomon, Anne, Salto-Tellez, Manuel, Saltz, Joel, Sayed, Shahin, Scott, Ely, Siziopikou, Kalliopi P, Sotiriou, Christos, Stenzinger, Albrecht, Sughayer, Maher A, Sur, Daniel, Fineberg, Susan, Symmans, Fraser, Tanaka, Sunao, Taxter, Timothy, Tejpar, Sabine, Teuwen, Jonas, Thompson, E Aubrey, Tramm, Trine, Tran, William T, van der Laak, Jeroen, van Diest, Paul J, Verghese, Gregory E, Viale, Giuseppe, Vieth, Michael, Wahab, Noorul, Walter, Thomas, Waumans, Yannick, Wen, Hannah Y, Yang, Wentao, Yuan, Yinyin, Zin, Reena Md, Adams, Sylvia, Bartlett, John, Loibl, Sibylle, Denkert, Carsten, Savas, Peter, Loi, Sherene, Salgado, Roberto, and Specht Stovgaard, Elisabeth

Published
2023

15. Spatial analyses of immune cell infiltration in cancer: current methods and future directions. A report of the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer

Author

Pathologie, Cancer, Page, David B, Broeckx, Glenn, Jahangir, Chowdhury Arif, Verbandt, Sara, Gupta, Rajarsi R, Thagaard, Jeppe, Khiroya, Reena, Kos, Zuzana, Abduljabbar, Khalid, Acosta Haab, Gabriela, Acs, Balazs, Almeida, Jonas S, Alvarado-Cabrero, Isabel, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Badve, Sunil, Baharun, Nurkhairul Bariyah, Bellolio, Enrique R, Bheemaraju, Vydehi, Blenman, Kim Rm, Botinelly Mendonça Fujimoto, Luciana, Burgues, Octavio, Cheang, Maggie Chon U, Ciompi, Francesco, Cooper, Lee Ad, Coosemans, An, Corredor, Germán, Dantas Portela, Flavio Luis, Deman, Frederik, Demaria, Sandra, Dudgeon, Sarah N, Elghazawy, Mahmoud, Ely, Scott, Fernandez-Martín, Claudio, Fineberg, Susan, Fox, Stephen B, Gallagher, William M, Giltnane, Jennifer M, Gnjatic, Sacha, Gonzalez-Ericsson, Paula I, Grigoriadis, Anita, Halama, Niels, Hanna, Matthew G, Harbhajanka, Aparna, Hardas, Alexandros, Hart, Steven N, Hartman, Johan, Hewitt, Stephen, Hida, Akira I, Horlings, Hugo M, Husain, Zaheed, Hytopoulos, Evangelos, Irshad, Sheeba, Janssen, Emiel Am, Kahila, Mohamed, Kataoka, Tatsuki R, Kawaguchi, Kosuke, Kharidehal, Durga, Khramtsov, Andrey I, Kiraz, Umay, Kirtani, Pawan, Kodach, Liudmila L, Korski, Konstanty, Kovács, Anikó, Laenkholm, Anne-Vibeke, Lang-Schwarz, Corinna, Larsimont, Denis, Lennerz, Jochen K, Lerousseau, Marvin, Li, Xiaoxian, Ly, Amy, Madabhushi, Anant, Maley, Sai K, Manur Narasimhamurthy, Vidya, Marks, Douglas K, McDonald, Elizabeth S, Mehrotra, Ravi, Michiels, Stefan, Minhas, Fayyaz Ul Amir Afsar, Mittal, Shachi, Moore, David A, Mushtaq, Shamim, Nighat, Hussain, Papathomas, Thomas, Penault-Llorca, Frederique, Perera, Rashindrie D, Pinard, Christopher J, Pinto-Cardenas, Juan Carlos, Pruneri, Giancarlo, Pusztai, Lajos, Rahman, Arman, Rajpoot, Nasir Mahmood, Rapoport, Bernardo Leon, Rau, Tilman T, Reis-Filho, Jorge S, Ribeiro, Joana M, Rimm, David, Salomon, Anne-Vincent, Salto-Tellez, Manuel, Saltz, Joel, Sayed, Shahin, Siziopikou, Kalliopi P, Sotiriou, Christos, Stenzinger, Albrecht, Sughayer, Maher A, Sur, Daniel, Symmans, Fraser, Tanaka, Sunao, Taxter, Timothy, Tejpar, Sabine, Teuwen, Jonas, Thompson, E Aubrey, Tramm, Trine, Tran, William T, van der Laak, Jeroen, van Diest, Paul J, Verghese, Gregory E, Viale, Giuseppe, Vieth, Michael, Wahab, Noorul, Walter, Thomas, Waumans, Yannick, Wen, Hannah Y, Yang, Wentao, Yuan, Yinyin, Adams, Sylvia, Bartlett, John Mark Seaverns, Loibl, Sibylle, Denkert, Carsten, Savas, Peter, Loi, Sherene, Salgado, Roberto, Specht Stovgaard, Elisabeth, Akturk, Guray, Bouchmaa, Najat, Pathologie, Cancer, Page, David B, Broeckx, Glenn, Jahangir, Chowdhury Arif, Verbandt, Sara, Gupta, Rajarsi R, Thagaard, Jeppe, Khiroya, Reena, Kos, Zuzana, Abduljabbar, Khalid, Acosta Haab, Gabriela, Acs, Balazs, Almeida, Jonas S, Alvarado-Cabrero, Isabel, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Badve, Sunil, Baharun, Nurkhairul Bariyah, Bellolio, Enrique R, Bheemaraju, Vydehi, Blenman, Kim Rm, Botinelly Mendonça Fujimoto, Luciana, Burgues, Octavio, Cheang, Maggie Chon U, Ciompi, Francesco, Cooper, Lee Ad, Coosemans, An, Corredor, Germán, Dantas Portela, Flavio Luis, Deman, Frederik, Demaria, Sandra, Dudgeon, Sarah N, Elghazawy, Mahmoud, Ely, Scott, Fernandez-Martín, Claudio, Fineberg, Susan, Fox, Stephen B, Gallagher, William M, Giltnane, Jennifer M, Gnjatic, Sacha, Gonzalez-Ericsson, Paula I, Grigoriadis, Anita, Halama, Niels, Hanna, Matthew G, Harbhajanka, Aparna, Hardas, Alexandros, Hart, Steven N, Hartman, Johan, Hewitt, Stephen, Hida, Akira I, Horlings, Hugo M, Husain, Zaheed, Hytopoulos, Evangelos, Irshad, Sheeba, Janssen, Emiel Am, Kahila, Mohamed, Kataoka, Tatsuki R, Kawaguchi, Kosuke, Kharidehal, Durga, Khramtsov, Andrey I, Kiraz, Umay, Kirtani, Pawan, Kodach, Liudmila L, Korski, Konstanty, Kovács, Anikó, Laenkholm, Anne-Vibeke, Lang-Schwarz, Corinna, Larsimont, Denis, Lennerz, Jochen K, Lerousseau, Marvin, Li, Xiaoxian, Ly, Amy, Madabhushi, Anant, Maley, Sai K, Manur Narasimhamurthy, Vidya, Marks, Douglas K, McDonald, Elizabeth S, Mehrotra, Ravi, Michiels, Stefan, Minhas, Fayyaz Ul Amir Afsar, Mittal, Shachi, Moore, David A, Mushtaq, Shamim, Nighat, Hussain, Papathomas, Thomas, Penault-Llorca, Frederique, Perera, Rashindrie D, Pinard, Christopher J, Pinto-Cardenas, Juan Carlos, Pruneri, Giancarlo, Pusztai, Lajos, Rahman, Arman, Rajpoot, Nasir Mahmood, Rapoport, Bernardo Leon, Rau, Tilman T, Reis-Filho, Jorge S, Ribeiro, Joana M, Rimm, David, Salomon, Anne-Vincent, Salto-Tellez, Manuel, Saltz, Joel, Sayed, Shahin, Siziopikou, Kalliopi P, Sotiriou, Christos, Stenzinger, Albrecht, Sughayer, Maher A, Sur, Daniel, Symmans, Fraser, Tanaka, Sunao, Taxter, Timothy, Tejpar, Sabine, Teuwen, Jonas, Thompson, E Aubrey, Tramm, Trine, Tran, William T, van der Laak, Jeroen, van Diest, Paul J, Verghese, Gregory E, Viale, Giuseppe, Vieth, Michael, Wahab, Noorul, Walter, Thomas, Waumans, Yannick, Wen, Hannah Y, Yang, Wentao, Yuan, Yinyin, Adams, Sylvia, Bartlett, John Mark Seaverns, Loibl, Sibylle, Denkert, Carsten, Savas, Peter, Loi, Sherene, Salgado, Roberto, Specht Stovgaard, Elisabeth, Akturk, Guray, and Bouchmaa, Najat

Published
2023

16. Pitfalls in machine learning-based assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer:a report of the international immuno-oncology biomarker working group

Author

Thagaard, Jeppe, Broeckx, Glenn, Page, David B., Jahangir, Chowdhury Arif, Verbandt, Sara, Kos, Zuzana, Gupta, Rajarsi, Khiroya, Reena, Abduljabbar, Khalid, Acosta Haab, Gabriela, Acs, Balazs, Akturk, Guray, Almeida, Jonas S., Alvarado-Cabrero, Isabel, Amgad, Mohamed, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Badve, Sunil, Baharun, Nurkhairul Bariyah, Balslev, Eva, Bellolio, Enrique R., Bheemaraju, Vydehi, Blenman, Kim R.M., Botinelly Mendonça Fujimoto, Luciana, Bouchmaa, Najat, Burgues, Octavio, Chardas, Alexandros, Chon U Cheang, Maggie, Ciompi, Francesco, Cooper, Lee A.D., Coosemans, An, Corredor, Germán, Dahl, Anders B., Dantas Portela, Flavio Luis, Deman, Frederik, Demaria, Sandra, Doré Hansen, Johan, Dudgeon, Sarah N., Ebstrup, Thomas, Elghazawy, Mahmoud, Fernandez-Martín, Claudio, Fox, Stephen B., Gallagher, William M., Giltnane, Jennifer M., Gnjatic, Sacha, Gonzalez-Ericsson, Paula I., Grigoriadis, Anita, Halama, Niels, Hanna, Matthew G., Harbhajanka, Aparna, Hart, Steven N., Hartman, Johan, Hauberg, Søren, Hewitt, Stephen, Hida, Akira I., Horlings, Hugo M., Husain, Zaheed, Hytopoulos, Evangelos, Irshad, Sheeba, Janssen, Emiel A.M., Kahila, Mohamed, Kataoka, Tatsuki R., Kawaguchi, Kosuke, Kharidehal, Durga, Khramtsov, Andrey I., Kiraz, Umay, Kirtani, Pawan, Kodach, Liudmila L., Korski, Konstanty, Kovács, Anikó, Laenkholm, Anne Vibeke, Lang-Schwarz, Corinna, Larsimont, Denis, Lennerz, Jochen K., Lerousseau, Marvin, Li, Xiaoxian, Ly, Amy, Madabhushi, Anant, Maley, Sai K., Manur Narasimhamurthy, Vidya, Marks, Douglas K., McDonald, Elizabeth S., Mehrotra, Ravi, Michiels, Stefan, Minhas, Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar, Mittal, Shachi, Moore, David A., Mushtaq, Shamim, Nighat, Hussain, Papathomas, Thomas, Penault-Llorca, Frederique, Perera, Rashindrie D., Pinard, Christopher J., Pinto-Cardenas, Juan Carlos, Pruneri, Giancarlo, Pusztai, Lajos, Rahman, Arman, Rajpoot, Nasir Mahmood, Rapoport, Bernardo Leon, Rau, Tilman T., Reis-Filho, Jorge S., Ribeiro, Joana M., Rimm, David, Roslind, Anne, Vincent-Salomon, Anne, Salto-Tellez, Manuel, Saltz, Joel, Sayed, Shahin, Scott, Ely, Siziopikou, Kalliopi P., Sotiriou, Christos, Stenzinger, Albrecht, Sughayer, Maher A., Sur, Daniel, Fineberg, Susan, Symmans, Fraser, Tanaka, Sunao, Taxter, Timothy, Tejpar, Sabine, Teuwen, Jonas, Thompson, E. Aubrey, Tramm, Trine, Tran, William T., van der Laak, Jeroen, van Diest, Paul J., Verghese, Gregory E., Viale, Giuseppe, Vieth, Michael, Wahab, Noorul, Walter, Thomas, Waumans, Yannick, Wen, Hannah Y., Yang, Wentao, Yuan, Yinyin, Zin, Reena Md, Adams, Sylvia, Bartlett, John, Loibl, Sibylle, Denkert, Carsten, Savas, Peter, Loi, Sherene, Salgado, Roberto, Specht Stovgaard, Elisabeth, Thagaard, Jeppe, Broeckx, Glenn, Page, David B., Jahangir, Chowdhury Arif, Verbandt, Sara, Kos, Zuzana, Gupta, Rajarsi, Khiroya, Reena, Abduljabbar, Khalid, Acosta Haab, Gabriela, Acs, Balazs, Akturk, Guray, Almeida, Jonas S., Alvarado-Cabrero, Isabel, Amgad, Mohamed, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Badve, Sunil, Baharun, Nurkhairul Bariyah, Balslev, Eva, Bellolio, Enrique R., Bheemaraju, Vydehi, Blenman, Kim R.M., Botinelly Mendonça Fujimoto, Luciana, Bouchmaa, Najat, Burgues, Octavio, Chardas, Alexandros, Chon U Cheang, Maggie, Ciompi, Francesco, Cooper, Lee A.D., Coosemans, An, Corredor, Germán, Dahl, Anders B., Dantas Portela, Flavio Luis, Deman, Frederik, Demaria, Sandra, Doré Hansen, Johan, Dudgeon, Sarah N., Ebstrup, Thomas, Elghazawy, Mahmoud, Fernandez-Martín, Claudio, Fox, Stephen B., Gallagher, William M., Giltnane, Jennifer M., Gnjatic, Sacha, Gonzalez-Ericsson, Paula I., Grigoriadis, Anita, Halama, Niels, Hanna, Matthew G., Harbhajanka, Aparna, Hart, Steven N., Hartman, Johan, Hauberg, Søren, Hewitt, Stephen, Hida, Akira I., Horlings, Hugo M., Husain, Zaheed, Hytopoulos, Evangelos, Irshad, Sheeba, Janssen, Emiel A.M., Kahila, Mohamed, Kataoka, Tatsuki R., Kawaguchi, Kosuke, Kharidehal, Durga, Khramtsov, Andrey I., Kiraz, Umay, Kirtani, Pawan, Kodach, Liudmila L., Korski, Konstanty, Kovács, Anikó, Laenkholm, Anne Vibeke, Lang-Schwarz, Corinna, Larsimont, Denis, Lennerz, Jochen K., Lerousseau, Marvin, Li, Xiaoxian, Ly, Amy, Madabhushi, Anant, Maley, Sai K., Manur Narasimhamurthy, Vidya, Marks, Douglas K., McDonald, Elizabeth S., Mehrotra, Ravi, Michiels, Stefan, Minhas, Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar, Mittal, Shachi, Moore, David A., Mushtaq, Shamim, Nighat, Hussain, Papathomas, Thomas, Penault-Llorca, Frederique, Perera, Rashindrie D., Pinard, Christopher J., Pinto-Cardenas, Juan Carlos, Pruneri, Giancarlo, Pusztai, Lajos, Rahman, Arman, Rajpoot, Nasir Mahmood, Rapoport, Bernardo Leon, Rau, Tilman T., Reis-Filho, Jorge S., Ribeiro, Joana M., Rimm, David, Roslind, Anne, Vincent-Salomon, Anne, Salto-Tellez, Manuel, Saltz, Joel, Sayed, Shahin, Scott, Ely, Siziopikou, Kalliopi P., Sotiriou, Christos, Stenzinger, Albrecht, Sughayer, Maher A., Sur, Daniel, Fineberg, Susan, Symmans, Fraser, Tanaka, Sunao, Taxter, Timothy, Tejpar, Sabine, Teuwen, Jonas, Thompson, E. Aubrey, Tramm, Trine, Tran, William T., van der Laak, Jeroen, van Diest, Paul J., Verghese, Gregory E., Viale, Giuseppe, Vieth, Michael, Wahab, Noorul, Walter, Thomas, Waumans, Yannick, Wen, Hannah Y., Yang, Wentao, Yuan, Yinyin, Zin, Reena Md, Adams, Sylvia, Bartlett, John, Loibl, Sibylle, Denkert, Carsten, Savas, Peter, Loi, Sherene, Salgado, Roberto, and Specht Stovgaard, Elisabeth

Abstract

The clinical significance of the tumor-immune interaction in breast cancer is now established, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have emerged as predictive and prognostic biomarkers for patients with triple-negative (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2-negative) breast cancer and HER2-positive breast cancer. How computational assessments of TILs might complement manual TIL assessment in trial and daily practices is currently debated. Recent efforts to use machine learning (ML) to automatically evaluate TILs have shown promising results. We review state-of-the-art approaches and identify pitfalls and challenges of automated TIL evaluation by studying the root cause of ML discordances in comparison to manual TIL quantification. We categorize our findings into four main topics: (1) technical slide issues, (2) ML and image analysis aspects, (3) data challenges, and (4) validation issues. The main reason for discordant assessments is the inclusion of false-positive areas or cells identified by performance on certain tissue patterns or design choices in the computational implementation. To aid the adoption of ML for TIL assessment, we provide an in-depth discussion of ML and image analysis, including validation issues that need to be considered before reliable computational reporting of TILs can be incorporated into the trial and routine clinical management of patients with triple-negative breast cancer.

Published
2023

17. Evaluation of multimodal MR imaging for differentiating infiltrative versus reactive edema in brain gliomas.

Author

Amjad, Ghazaleh, Zeinali Zadeh, Mehdi, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Jalali, Amir Hossein, Shakiba, Madjid, Ghavami, Nafiseh, Oghabian, Zeynab, Oghabian, Mohammad Ali, Firouznia, Saba, Rafiei, Behrouz, Sabet Rasekh, Parto, Tahmasebi Arashloo, Farzad, and Firouznia, Kavous

Subjects
CEREBRAL edema, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, GLIOMAS, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, BRAIN tumors
Abstract

To determine the border of glial tumors by diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), apparent diffusion co-efficient (ADC), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and perfusion brain MRI. Ten patients with brain gliomas were enrolled [mean age: 35.3 ± 13.2, range: 20–62]. Conventional MRI was performed for all patients. Besides, tumor mapping based on Choline (Cho)/Creatine (Cr) color map in MRS, perfusion and diffusion color maps, were gathered. Different tumoral and peritumoral regions [normal tissue, reactive edema, infiltrative edema, and tumor core] were defined. MRI criteria were evaluated in areas targeted for biopsy and histopathologic evaluation was determined. Tumor cell positive samples [one necrosis, 26 infiltrative and nine tumor cores] composed 36 (75%) of the 48 samples. Seven (19.4%) of the positive samples were interpreted as not tumor on MRI. Five were identified as reactive edema and two as normal tissue] [kappa:.67, p-value <.001]. Mean of ADC, median of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and NAA/Cho were statistically different between positive and negative samples (p =.02 and p <.001, respectively). Mean ADC and median Cho/NAA were statistically different in missed tumor containing tissue presented as reactive edema compared to normal and correctly diagnosed reactive edema samples together (p-values <.05). Multimodal MRI could define infiltrated borders of brain gliomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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20. Evaluation of HER2 Gene Amplification Using CISH in Patients with HER2 2+ (Equivocal) Breast Carcinoma Based on Immunohistochemistry.

Author

Jahanbin, Behnaz, Soleimani, Vahid, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Afshar, Samane, and Safaei, Masoumeh

Subjects
HER2 protein, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, BREAST cancer, BREAST cancer treatment, ESTROGEN receptors
Abstract

Background: Human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) is known to be an important prognostic factor in breast cancer. Numerous studies have shown HER2+ breast cancers have reduced overall survival and recovery time, as well as the efficacy of anti-HER2 therapies along with chemotherapy in improving disease outcomes. For this reason, it is recommended that all patients with breast cancer should be evaluated for HER2 status. This study aimed to assess the HER2 gene amplification by the CISH method in evaluating the HER2 status in patients with immunohistochemistry (IHC) 2+ (equivocal) results. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study examined HER2 status based on the Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) method in 280 breast carcinoma samples with an initial 2+ (equivocal) score in IHC. The relationship between HER2 amplification and hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone) and Ki67 level was also investigated. Results: In sixty samples (21.4%), the HER2 gene was amplified based on the CISH method. The majority (215, 76.8%) of the samples were negative and 5 (1.8%) samples were indeterminate. No significant relationship was observed between HER2 amplification, estrogen receptor (p=0.143), and Ki-67 protein level (p=0.977). There was a significant inverse relationship between HER2 amplification and progesterone receptor positivity (p=0.007). Conclusion: These results demonstrate that CISH is a helpful method to assess HER2 status in equivocal breast cancer and is positive (amplified) in about 21.4% of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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23. Colonic Mucosal Infiltration of IgG4 Plasma Cells and Ulcerative Colitis: Determinant of Presence, Activity, Extension, and Duration of Disease

Author

Alborzi, Foroogh, primary, Ebrahimi Daryani, Nasser, additional, Deihim, Tina, additional, Azizi, Zahra, additional, Azmoudeh Ardalan, Farid, additional, Teimouri, Azam, additional, Taslimi, Reza, additional, Roshan, Nader, additional, Mami, Masood, additional, Mirzade, Monirsadat, additional, and Aletaha, Najmeh, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
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24. The tale of TILs in breast cancer: A report from The International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group.

Author

UCL - SSS/IREC/SLUC - Pôle St.-Luc, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'anatomie pathologique, El Bairi, Khalid, Haynes, Harry R, Blackley, Elizabeth, Fineberg, Susan, Shear, Jeffrey, Turner, Sophia, de Freitas, Juliana Ribeiro, Sur, Daniel, Amendola, Luis Claudio, Gharib, Masoumeh, Kallala, Amine, Arun, Indu, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Fujimoto, Luciana, Sua, Luz F, Liu, Shi-Wei, Lien, Huang-Chun, Kirtani, Pawan, Balancin, Marcelo, El Attar, Hicham, Guleria, Prerna, Yang, Wenxian, Shash, Emad, Chen, I-Chun, Bautista, Veronica, Do Prado Moura, Jose Fernando, Rapoport, Bernardo L, Castaneda, Carlos, Spengler, Eunice, Acosta-Haab, Gabriela, Frahm, Isabel, Sanchez, Joselyn, Castillo, Miluska, Bouchmaa, Najat, Md Zin, Reena R, Shui, Ruohong, Onyuma, Timothy, Yang, Wentao, Husain, Zaheed, Willard-Gallo, Karen, Coosemans, An, Perez, Edith A, Provenzano, Elena, Ericsson, Paula Gonzalez, Richardet, Eduardo, Mehrotra, Ravi, Sarancone, Sandra, Ehinger, Anna, Rimm, David L, Bartlett, John M S, Viale, Giuseppe, Denkert, Carsten, Hida, Akira I, Sotiriou, Christos, Loibl, Sibylle, Hewitt, Stephen M, Badve, Sunil, Symmans, William Fraser, Kim, Rim S, Pruneri, Giancarlo, Goel, Shom, Francis, Prudence A, Inurrigarro, Gloria, Yamaguchi, Rin, Garcia-Rivello, Hernan, Horlings, Hugo, Afqir, Said, Salgado, Roberto, Adams, Sylvia, Kok, Marleen, Dieci, Maria Vittoria, Michiels, Stefan, Demaria, Sandra, Loi, Sherene, International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group, Van Bockstal, Mieke, UCL - SSS/IREC/SLUC - Pôle St.-Luc, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'anatomie pathologique, El Bairi, Khalid, Haynes, Harry R, Blackley, Elizabeth, Fineberg, Susan, Shear, Jeffrey, Turner, Sophia, de Freitas, Juliana Ribeiro, Sur, Daniel, Amendola, Luis Claudio, Gharib, Masoumeh, Kallala, Amine, Arun, Indu, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Fujimoto, Luciana, Sua, Luz F, Liu, Shi-Wei, Lien, Huang-Chun, Kirtani, Pawan, Balancin, Marcelo, El Attar, Hicham, Guleria, Prerna, Yang, Wenxian, Shash, Emad, Chen, I-Chun, Bautista, Veronica, Do Prado Moura, Jose Fernando, Rapoport, Bernardo L, Castaneda, Carlos, Spengler, Eunice, Acosta-Haab, Gabriela, Frahm, Isabel, Sanchez, Joselyn, Castillo, Miluska, Bouchmaa, Najat, Md Zin, Reena R, Shui, Ruohong, Onyuma, Timothy, Yang, Wentao, Husain, Zaheed, Willard-Gallo, Karen, Coosemans, An, Perez, Edith A, Provenzano, Elena, Ericsson, Paula Gonzalez, Richardet, Eduardo, Mehrotra, Ravi, Sarancone, Sandra, Ehinger, Anna, Rimm, David L, Bartlett, John M S, Viale, Giuseppe, Denkert, Carsten, Hida, Akira I, Sotiriou, Christos, Loibl, Sibylle, Hewitt, Stephen M, Badve, Sunil, Symmans, William Fraser, Kim, Rim S, Pruneri, Giancarlo, Goel, Shom, Francis, Prudence A, Inurrigarro, Gloria, Yamaguchi, Rin, Garcia-Rivello, Hernan, Horlings, Hugo, Afqir, Said, Salgado, Roberto, Adams, Sylvia, Kok, Marleen, Dieci, Maria Vittoria, Michiels, Stefan, Demaria, Sandra, Loi, Sherene, International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group, and Van Bockstal, Mieke

Abstract

The advent of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in modern oncology has significantly improved survival in several cancer settings. A subgroup of women with breast cancer (BC) has immunogenic infiltration of lymphocytes with expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). These patients may potentially benefit from ICI targeting the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 signaling axis. The use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as predictive and prognostic biomarkers has been under intense examination. Emerging data suggest that TILs are associated with response to both cytotoxic treatments and immunotherapy, particularly for patients with triple-negative BC. In this review from The International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group, we discuss (a) the biological understanding of TILs, (b) their analytical and clinical validity and efforts toward the clinical utility in BC, and (c) the current status of PD-L1 and TIL testing across different continents, including experiences from low-to-middle-income countries, incorporating also the view of a patient advocate. This information will help set the stage for future approaches to optimize the understanding and clinical utilization of TIL analysis in patients with BC.

Published
2021

25. The tale of TILs in breast cancer:A report from The International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group

Author

El Bairi, Khalid, Haynes, Harry R., Blackley, Elizabeth, Fineberg, Susan, Shear, Jeffrey, Turner, Sophia, de Freitas, Juliana Ribeiro, Sur, Daniel, Amendola, Luis Claudio, Gharib, Masoumeh, Kallala, Amine, Arun, Indu, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Fujimoto, Luciana, Sua, Luz F., Liu, Shi Wei, Lien, Huang Chun, Kirtani, Pawan, Balancin, Marcelo, El Attar, Hicham, Guleria, Prerna, Yang, Wenxian, Shash, Emad, Chen, I. Chun, Bautista, Veronica, Do Prado Moura, Jose Fernando, Rapoport, Bernardo L., Castaneda, Carlos, Spengler, Eunice, Acosta-Haab, Gabriela, Frahm, Isabel, Sanchez, Joselyn, Castillo, Miluska, Bouchmaa, Najat, Md Zin, Reena R., Shui, Ruohong, Onyuma, Timothy, Yang, Wentao, Husain, Zaheed, Willard-Gallo, Karen, Coosemans, An, Perez, Edith A., Provenzano, Elena, Choi, Hyun Joo, Laenkholm, Anne Vibeke, Stovgaard, Elisabeth Ida Specht, Nielsen, Torsten, Balslev, Eva, Sharma, Ashish, Singh, Rajendra, El Bairi, Khalid, Haynes, Harry R., Blackley, Elizabeth, Fineberg, Susan, Shear, Jeffrey, Turner, Sophia, de Freitas, Juliana Ribeiro, Sur, Daniel, Amendola, Luis Claudio, Gharib, Masoumeh, Kallala, Amine, Arun, Indu, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Fujimoto, Luciana, Sua, Luz F., Liu, Shi Wei, Lien, Huang Chun, Kirtani, Pawan, Balancin, Marcelo, El Attar, Hicham, Guleria, Prerna, Yang, Wenxian, Shash, Emad, Chen, I. Chun, Bautista, Veronica, Do Prado Moura, Jose Fernando, Rapoport, Bernardo L., Castaneda, Carlos, Spengler, Eunice, Acosta-Haab, Gabriela, Frahm, Isabel, Sanchez, Joselyn, Castillo, Miluska, Bouchmaa, Najat, Md Zin, Reena R., Shui, Ruohong, Onyuma, Timothy, Yang, Wentao, Husain, Zaheed, Willard-Gallo, Karen, Coosemans, An, Perez, Edith A., Provenzano, Elena, Choi, Hyun Joo, Laenkholm, Anne Vibeke, Stovgaard, Elisabeth Ida Specht, Nielsen, Torsten, Balslev, Eva, Sharma, Ashish, and Singh, Rajendra

Abstract

The advent of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in modern oncology has significantly improved survival in several cancer settings. A subgroup of women with breast cancer (BC) has immunogenic infiltration of lymphocytes with expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). These patients may potentially benefit from ICI targeting the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 signaling axis. The use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as predictive and prognostic biomarkers has been under intense examination. Emerging data suggest that TILs are associated with response to both cytotoxic treatments and immunotherapy, particularly for patients with triple-negative BC. In this review from The International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group, we discuss (a) the biological understanding of TILs, (b) their analytical and clinical validity and efforts toward the clinical utility in BC, and (c) the current status of PD-L1 and TIL testing across different continents, including experiences from low-to-middle-income countries, incorporating also the view of a patient advocate. This information will help set the stage for future approaches to optimize the understanding and clinical utilization of TIL analysis in patients with BC.

Published
2021

27. Report on computational assessment of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes from the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group

Author

Amgad, Mohamed, Stovgaard, Elisabeth Specht, Balslev, Eva, Thagaard, Jeppe, Chen, Weijie, Dudgeon, Sarah, Sharma, Ashish, Kerner, Jennifer K., Denkert, Carsten, Yuan, Yinyin, AbdulJabbar, Khalid, Wienert, Stephan, Savas, Peter, Voorwerk, Leonie, Beck, Andrew H., Madabhushi, Anant, Hartman, Johan, Sebastian, Manu M., Horlings, Hugo M., Hudeček, Jan, Ciompi, Francesco, Moore, David A., Singh, Rajendra, Roblin, Elvire, Balancin, Marcelo Luiz, Mathieu, Marie-Christine, Lennerz, Jochen K., Kirtani, Pawan, Chen, I-Chun, Braybrooke, Jeremy P., Pruneri, Giancarlo, Demaria, Sandra, Adams, Sylvia, Schnitt, Stuart J., Lakhani, Sunil R., Rojo, Federico, Comerma, Laura, Badve, Sunil S., Khojasteh, Mehrnoush, Symmans, W. Fraser, Sotiriou, Christos, Gonzalez-Ericsson, Paula, Pogue-Geile, Katherine L., Kim, Rim S., Rimm, David L., Viale, Giuseppe, Hewitt, Stephen M., Bartlett, John M. S., Penault-Llorca, Frédérique, Goel, Shom, Lien, Huang-Chun, Loibl, Sibylle, Kos, Zuzana, Loi, Sherene, Hanna, Matthew G., Michiels, Stefan, Kok, Marleen, Nielsen, Torsten O., Lazar, Alexander J., Bago-Horvath, Zsuzsanna, Kooreman, Loes F. S., van der Laak, Jeroen A. W. M., Saltz, Joel, Gallas, Brandon D., Kurkure, Uday, Barnes, Michael, Salgado, Roberto, Cooper, Lee A. D., Hyytiäinen, Aini, Hida, Akira I., Thompson, Alastair, Lefevre, Alex, Gown, Allen, Lo, Amy, Sapino, Anna, Moreira, Andre, Richardson, Andrea, Vingiani, Andrea, Bellizzi, Andrew M., Tutt, Andrew, Guerrero-Zotano, Angel, Grigoriadis, Anita, Ehinger, Anna, Garrido-Castro, Anna C., Vincent-Salomon, Anne, Laenkholm, Anne-Vibeke, Cimino-Mathews, Ashley, Srinivasan, Ashok, Acs, Balazs, Singh, Baljit, Calhoun, Benjamin, Haibe-Kans, Benjamin, Solomon, Benjamin, Thapa, Bibhusal, Nelson, Brad H., Castaneda, Carlos, Ballesteroes-Merino, Carmen, Criscitiello, Carmen, Boeckx, Carolien, Colpaert, Cecile, Quinn, Cecily, Chennubhotla, Chakra S., Swanton, Charles, Solinas, Cinzia, Hiley, Crispin, Drubay, Damien, Bethmann, Daniel, Dillon, Deborah A., Larsimont, Denis, Sabanathan, Dhanusha, Peeters, Dieter, Zardavas, Dimitrios, Höflmayer, Doris, Johnson, Douglas B., Thompson, E. Aubrey, Brogi, Edi, Perez, Edith, ElGabry, Ehab A., Blackley, Elizabeth F., Reisenbichler, Emily, Bellolio, Enrique, Chmielik, Ewa, Gaire, Fabien, Andre, Fabrice, Lu, Fang-I, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Gruosso, Forbius Tina, Peale, Franklin, Hirsch, Fred R., Klaushen, Frederick, Acosta-Haab, Gabriela, Farshid, Gelareh, van den Eynden, Gert, Curigliano, Giuseppe, Floris, Giuseppe, Broeckx, Glenn, Koeppen, Harmut, Haynes, Harry R., McArthur, Heather, Joensuu, Heikki, Olofsson, Helena, Cree, Ian, Nederlof, Iris, Frahm, Isabel, Brcic, Iva, Chan, Jack, Hall, Jacqueline A., Ziai, James, Brock, Jane, Wesseling, Jelle, Giltnane, Jennifer, Lemonnier, Jerome, Zha, Jiping, M. Ribeiro, Joana, Carter, Jodi M., Hainfellner, Johannes, Quesne, John Le, Juco, Jonathan W., Reis-Filho, Jorge, van den Berg, Jose, Sanchez, Joselyn, Sparano, Joseph, Cucherousset, Joël, Araya, Juan Carlos, Adam, Julien, Balko, Justin M., Saeger, Kai, Siziopikou, Kalliopi, Willard-Gallo, Karen, Sikorska, Karolina, Weber, Karsten, Steele, Keith E., Emancipator, Kenneth, El Bairi, Khalid, Blenman, Kim R. M., Allison, Kimberly H., van de Vijver, Koen K., Korski, Konstanty, Pusztai, Lajos, Buisseret, Laurence, Shi, Leming, Shi-wei, Liu, Molinero, Luciana, Estrada, M. Valeria, van Seijen, Maartje, Lacroix-Triki, Magali, Cheang, Maggie C. U., Bakir, Maise al, van de Vijver, Marc, Dieci, Maria Vittoria, Rebelatto, Marlon C., Piccart, Martine, Goetz, Matthew P., Preusser, Matthias, Sanders, Melinda E., Regan, Meredith M., Christie, Michael, Misialek, Michael, Ignatiadis, Michail, de Maaker, Michiel, van Bockstal, Mieke, Castillo, Miluska, Harbeck, Nadia, Tung, Nadine, Laudus, Nele, Sirtaine, Nicolas, Burchardi, Nicole, Ternes, Nils, Radosevic-Robin, Nina, Gluz, Oleg, Grimm, Oliver, Nuciforo, Paolo, Jank, Paul, Jelinic, Petar, Watson, Peter H., Francis, Prudence A., Russell, Prudence A., Pierce, Robert H., Hills, Robert, Leon-Ferre, Roberto, de Wind, Roland, Shui, Ruohong, Declercq, Sabine, Leung, Sam, Tabbarah, Sami, Souza, Sandra C., O’Toole, Sandra, Swain, Sandra, Willis, Scooter, Ely, Scott, Kim, Seong- Rim, Bedri, Shahinaz, Irshad, Sheeba, Liu, Shi-Wei, Hendry, Shona, Bianchi, Simonetta, Bragança, Sofia, Paik, Soonmyung, Fox, Stephen B., Luen, Stephen J., Naber, Stephen, Luz, Sua, Fineberg, Susan, Soler, Teresa, Gevaert, Thomas, d’Alfons, Timothy, John, Tom, Sugie, Tomohagu, Bossuyt, Veerle, Manem, Venkata, Cámaea, Vincente Peg, Tong, Weida, Yang, Wentao, Tran, William T., Wang, Yihong, Allory, Yves, Husain, Zaheed, Amgad, Mohamed [0000-0001-7599-6162], Sharma, Ashish [0000-0002-1011-6504], Savas, Peter [0000-0001-5999-428X], Hudeček, Jan [0000-0003-1071-5686], Braybrooke, Jeremy P. [0000-0003-1943-7360], Demaria, Sandra [0000-0003-4426-0499], Comerma, Laura [0000-0002-0249-4636], Badve, Sunil S. [0000-0001-8861-9980], Symmans, W. Fraser [0000-0002-1526-184X], Gonzalez-Ericsson, Paula [0000-0002-6292-6963], Rimm, David L. [0000-0001-5820-4397], Loi, Sherene [0000-0001-6137-9171], Hanna, Matthew G. [0000-0002-7536-1746], Lazar, Alexander J. [0000-0002-6395-4499], Bago-Horvath, Zsuzsanna [0000-0002-8555-7806], van der Laak, Jeroen A. W. M. [0000-0001-7982-0754], Gallas, Brandon D. [0000-0001-7332-1620], Kurkure, Uday [0000-0002-8273-7334], Cooper, Lee A. D. [0000-0002-3504-4965], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
631/67/580, 692/4028/67/1857, 631/67/2321, 692/53/2422, review-article, Review Article, 631/67/1347
Abstract

Assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is increasingly recognized as an integral part of the prognostic workflow in triple-negative (TNBC) and HER2-positive breast cancer, as well as many other solid tumors. This recognition has come about thanks to standardized visual reporting guidelines, which helped to reduce inter-reader variability. Now, there are ripe opportunities to employ computational methods that extract spatio-morphologic predictive features, enabling computer-aided diagnostics. We detail the benefits of computational TILs assessment, the readiness of TILs scoring for computational assessment, and outline considerations for overcoming key barriers to clinical translation in this arena. Specifically, we discuss: 1. ensuring computational workflows closely capture visual guidelines and standards; 2. challenges and thoughts standards for assessment of algorithms including training, preanalytical, analytical, and clinical validation; 3. perspectives on how to realize the potential of machine learning models and to overcome the perceptual and practical limits of visual scoring.

Published
2020

29. Evaluation of multimodal MR imaging for differentiating infiltrative versus reactive edema in brain gliomas

Author

Amjad, Ghazaleh, primary, Zeinali Zadeh, Mehdi, additional, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, additional, Jalali, Amir Hossein, additional, Shakiba, Madjid, additional, Ghavami, Nafiseh, additional, Oghabian, Zeynab, additional, Oghabian, Mohammad Ali, additional, Firouznia, Saba, additional, Rafiei, Behrouz, additional, Sabet Rasekh, Parto, additional, Tahmasebi Arashloo, Farzad, additional, and Firouznia, Kavous, additional

Published
2020
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33. Toxic Multi Nodular Goiter and Struma ovarii Coexistence: Report of a Rare Case.

Author

REYHAN, Sahar Karimpour, SHIRZAD, Roya, SHIRZAD, Nooshin, AZMOUDEH-ARDALAN, Farid, and HEMMATABADI, Mahboobeh

Subjects
HYPERTHYROIDISM diagnosis, OVARIAN tumors, THYROIDECTOMY, HYPERTHYROIDISM, TERATOMA, TREMOR, WEIGHT loss, OVARIECTOMY, FATIGUE (Physiology), GOITER
Abstract

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Endocrinology & Metabolism is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2021
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34. A Comparative Evaluation of Regulatory T Cells Profile among Acute and Chronic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Using Flow Cytometry

Author

FIROUZJAIE-KARDER, Fahimeh, primary, AKHOUNDI, Behnaz, additional, MOHEBALI, Mehdi, additional, AZMOUDEH ARDALAN, Farid, additional, RAHIMI-FOROUSHANI, Abbas, additional, MESGARIAN, Fatemeh, additional, HAJJARAN, Homa, additional, MORTAZAVI, Hossein, additional, SHAKIBA, Yadollah, additional, CHAREHDAR, Sorour, additional, ELIKAEE, Samira, additional, KAKOOEI, Zahra, additional, and SHAFEGHAT, Zahra, additional

Published
2019
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35. Online Assessment for Pathology Residents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Report of an Experience.

Author

Abdollahi, Alireza, Labbaf, Ali, Mafinejad, Mahboobeh Khabaz, Sotoudeh-Anvari, Maryam, and Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid

Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic, MEASUREMENT errors, CRONBACH'S alpha, UNITS of measurement, STANDARD deviations, PATHOLOGY, PANDEMICS
Abstract

Background & Objective: The world is facing COVID-19 pandemic, and medical education system and consequently the evaluation of students at different levels have been overshadowed. Residency students are among those affected. In the present study, we aim to share our experiences regarding holding exams for pathology residents before and during the pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The online exam, which consisted of 30 multiple-choice questions, was designed and held in April 2020 to evaluate pathology residents. To assess the quality of the exam, indices such as the number of questions, highest and lowest scores, the average score, the standard deviation, the variance, Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient, standard error of measurement, discrimination index, difficulty index, number/percentage of questions on three difficulty levels of easy, normal, hard were reviewed and analyzed. Results and Discussion: The average score of the participants in the January exam which was held in the university’s exam center was 16.23 (±5.03), while the average score in the online exam which was held after the onset of the pandemic was 20.86 (±5.18). The average discrimination indices in the first and second exams were 0.36 and 0.38, respectively, and the average difficulty indices in the first and second exams were 0.54 and 0.70, respectively. We found the administration of this online examination would be a positive experience. By sharing it, we hope to pave the way for similar ventures in the other departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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37. Characterization of active and infiltrative tumorous subregions from normal tissue in brain gliomas using multiparametric MRI.

Author

Fathi Kazerooni, Anahita, Nabil, Mahnaz, Zeinali Zadeh, Mehdi, Firouznia, Kavous, Azmoudeh‐Ardalan, Farid, Frangi, Alejandro F., Davatzikos, Christos, Saligheh Rad, Hamidreza, and Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid

Abstract

Background: Targeted localized biopsies and treatments for diffuse gliomas rely on accurate identification of tissue subregions, for which current MRI techniques lack specificity.Purpose: To explore the complementary and competitive roles of a variety of conventional and quantitative MRI methods for distinguishing subregions of brain gliomas.Study Type: Prospective.Population: Fifty-one tissue specimens were collected using image-guided localized biopsy surgery from 10 patients with newly diagnosed gliomas.Field Strength/sequence: Conventional and quantitative MR images consisting of pre- and postcontrast T1 w, T2 w, T2 -FLAIR, T2 -relaxometry, DWI, DTI, IVIM, and DSC-MRI were acquired preoperatively at 3T.Assessment: Biopsy specimens were histopathologically attributed to glioma tissue subregion categories of active tumor (AT), infiltrative edema (IE), and normal tissue (NT) subregions. For each tissue sample, a feature vector comprising 15 MRI-based parameters was derived from preoperative images and assessed by a machine learning algorithm to determine the best multiparametric feature combination for characterizing the tissue subregions.Statistical Tests: For discrimination of AT, IE, and NT subregions, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and for pairwise tissue subregion differentiation, Tukey honest significant difference, and Games-Howell tests were applied (P < 0.05). Cross-validated feature selection and classification methods were implemented for identification of accurate multiparametric MRI parameter combination.Results: After exclusion of 17 tissue specimens, 34 samples (AT = 6, IE = 20, and NT = 8) were considered for analysis. Highest accuracies and statistically significant differences for discrimination of IE from NT and AT from NT were observed for diffusion-based parameters (AUCs >90%), and the perfusion-derived parameter as the most accurate feature in distinguishing IE from AT. A combination of "CBV, MD, T2 _ISO, FLAIR" parameters showed high diagnostic performance for identification of the three subregions (AUC ∼90%).Data Conclusion: Integration of a few quantitative along with conventional MRI parameters may provide a potential multiparametric imaging biomarker for predicting the histopathologically proven glioma tissue subregions.Level Of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:938-950. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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43. Correlation of Histopathologic Findings of Non-Graft Threatening Preservation/Reperfusion Injury in Time-Zero Liver Needle Biopsies With Short-Term Post-transplantation Laboratory Alterations

Author

Shahbazi, Narges, primary, Haeri, Hayedeh, additional, Nasiri Toosi, Mohsen, additional, Jafarian, Ali, additional, Shahsiah, Reza, additional, Talebian Moghadam, Monavar, additional, Poursaleh, Sedigheh S., additional, and Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, additional

Published
2015
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46. Pathologic significance of the “dural tail sign”

Author

Rokni-Yazdi, Hadi, primary, Azmoudeh Ardalan, Farid, additional, Asadzandi, Zahra, additional, Sotoudeh, Houman, additional, Shakiba, Madjid, additional, Adibi, Ali, additional, Ayatollahi, Hossein, additional, and Rahmani, Maryam, additional

Published
2009
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47. Patient Outcomes in a Liver Transplant Program in Iran.

Author

Jafarian, Ali, Kasraianfard, Amir, Najafi, Atabak, Salimi, Javad, Moini, Majid, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Ahmadinejad, Zahra, Davoudi, Setareh, Sattarzadeh, Roya, Seifi, Sepideh, Moharari, Reza Shariat, Nejatisafa, Ali, Saberi, Hazhir, Aminian, Ali, Kazemeini, Ali Reza, Fakhar, Nasir, Makarem, Jalil, Yazdi, Niloufar Ayoubi, Sohrabpour, Amir Ali, and Dashti, Habib

Published
2014
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48. Report on computational assessment of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes from the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group

Author

Amgad, Mohamed, Stovgaard, Elisabeth Specht, Balslev, Eva, Thagaard, Jeppe, Chen, Weijie, Dudgeon, Sarah, Sharma, Ashish, Kerner, Jennifer K., Denkert, Carsten, Yuan, Yinyin, AbdulJabbar, Khalid, Wienert, Stephan, Savas, Peter, Voorwerk, Leonie, Beck, Andrew H., Madabhushi, Anant, Hartman, Johan, Sebastian, Manu M., Horlings, Hugo M., Hudeček, Jan, Ciompi, Francesco, Moore, David A., Singh, Rajendra, Roblin, Elvire, Balancin, Marcelo Luiz, Mathieu, Marie-Christine, Lennerz, Jochen K., Kirtani, Pawan, Chen, I-Chun, Braybrooke, Jeremy P., Pruneri, Giancarlo, Demaria, Sandra, Adams, Sylvia, Schnitt, Stuart J., Lakhani, Sunil R., Rojo, Federico, Comerma, Laura, Badve, Sunil S., Khojasteh, Mehrnoush, Symmans, W. Fraser, Sotiriou, Christos, Gonzalez-Ericsson, Paula, Pogue-Geile, Katherine L., Kim, Rim S., Rimm, David L., Viale, Giuseppe, Hewitt, Stephen M., Bartlett, John M. S., Penault-Llorca, Frédérique, Goel, Shom, Lien, Huang-Chun, Loibl, Sibylle, Kos, Zuzana, Loi, Sherene, Hanna, Matthew G., Michiels, Stefan, Kok, Marleen, Nielsen, Torsten O., Lazar, Alexander J., Bago-Horvath, Zsuzsanna, Kooreman, Loes F. S., Van Der Laak, Jeroen A. W. M., Saltz, Joel, Gallas, Brandon D., Kurkure, Uday, Barnes, Michael, Salgado, Roberto, Cooper, Lee A. D., Hyytiäinen, Aini, Hida, Akira I., Thompson, Alastair, Lefevre, Alex, Gown, Allen, Lo, Amy, Sapino, Anna, Moreira, Andre, Richardson, Andrea, Vingiani, Andrea, Bellizzi, Andrew M., Tutt, Andrew, Guerrero-Zotano, Angel, Grigoriadis, Anita, Ehinger, Anna, Garrido-Castro, Anna C., Vincent-Salomon, Anne, Laenkholm, Anne-Vibeke, Cimino-Mathews, Ashley, Srinivasan, Ashok, Acs, Balazs, Singh, Baljit, Calhoun, Benjamin, Haibe-Kans, Benjamin, Solomon, Benjamin, Thapa, Bibhusal, Nelson, Brad H., Castaneda, Carlos, Ballesteroes-Merino, Carmen, Criscitiello, Carmen, Boeckx, Carolien, Colpaert, Cecile, Quinn, Cecily, Chennubhotla, Chakra S., Swanton, Charles, Solinas, Cinzia, Hiley, Crispin, Drubay, Damien, Bethmann, Daniel, Dillon, Deborah A., Larsimont, Denis, Sabanathan, Dhanusha, Peeters, Dieter, Zardavas, Dimitrios, Höflmayer, Doris, Johnson, Douglas B., Thompson, E. Aubrey, Brogi, Edi, Perez, Edith, ElGabry, Ehab A., Blackley, Elizabeth F., Reisenbichler, Emily, Bellolio, Enrique, Chmielik, Ewa, Gaire, Fabien, Andre, Fabrice, Lu, Fang-I, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Gruosso, Forbius Tina, Peale, Franklin, Hirsch, Fred R., Klaushen, Frederick, Acosta-Haab, Gabriela, Farshid, Gelareh, Van Den Eynden, Gert, Curigliano, Giuseppe, Floris, Giuseppe, Broeckx, Glenn, Koeppen, Harmut, Haynes, Harry R., McArthur, Heather, Joensuu, Heikki, Olofsson, Helena, Cree, Ian, Nederlof, Iris, Frahm, Isabel, Brcic, Iva, Chan, Jack, Hall, Jacqueline A., Ziai, James, Brock, Jane, Wesseling, Jelle, Giltnane, Jennifer, Lemonnier, Jerome, Zha, Jiping, M. Ribeiro, Joana, Carter, Jodi M., Hainfellner, Johannes, Quesne, John Le, Juco, Jonathan W., Reis-Filho, Jorge, Van Den Berg, Jose, Sanchez, Joselyn, Sparano, Joseph, Cucherousset, Joël, Araya, Juan Carlos, Adam, Julien, Balko, Justin M., Saeger, Kai, Siziopikou, Kalliopi, Willard-Gallo, Karen, Sikorska, Karolina, Weber, Karsten, Steele, Keith E., Emancipator, Kenneth, El Bairi, Khalid, Blenman, Kim R. M., Allison, Kimberly H., Van De Vijver, Koen K., Korski, Konstanty, Pusztai, Lajos, Buisseret, Laurence, Shi, Leming, Shi-Wei, Liu, Molinero, Luciana, Estrada, M. Valeria, Van Seijen, Maartje, Lacroix-Triki, Magali, Cheang, Maggie C. U., Bakir, Maise Al, Van De Vijver, Marc, Dieci, Maria Vittoria, Rebelatto, Marlon C., Piccart, Martine, Goetz, Matthew P., Preusser, Matthias, Sanders, Melinda E., Regan, Meredith M., Christie, Michael, Misialek, Michael, Ignatiadis, Michail, De Maaker, Michiel, Van Bockstal, Mieke, Castillo, Miluska, Harbeck, Nadia, Tung, Nadine, Laudus, Nele, Sirtaine, Nicolas, Burchardi, Nicole, Ternes, Nils, Radosevic-Robin, Nina, Gluz, Oleg, Grimm, Oliver, Nuciforo, Paolo, Jank, Paul, Jelinic, Petar, Watson, Peter H., Francis, Prudence A., Russell, Prudence A., Pierce, Robert H., Hills, Robert, Leon-Ferre, Roberto, De Wind, Roland, Shui, Ruohong, Declercq, Sabine, Leung, Sam, Tabbarah, Sami, Souza, Sandra C., O’Toole, Sandra, Swain, Sandra, Willis, Scooter, Ely, Scott, Kim, Seong- Rim, Bedri, Shahinaz, Irshad, Sheeba, Liu, Shi-Wei, Hendry, Shona, Bianchi, Simonetta, Bragança, Sofia, Paik, Soonmyung, Fox, Stephen B., Luen, Stephen J., Naber, Stephen, Luz, Sua, Fineberg, Susan, Soler, Teresa, Gevaert, Thomas, D’Alfons, Timothy, John, Tom, Sugie, Tomohagu, Bossuyt, Veerle, Manem, Venkata, Cámaea, Vincente Peg, Tong, Weida, Yang, Wentao, Tran, William T., Wang, Yihong, Allory, Yves, and Husain, Zaheed

Subjects
631/67/580, 692/4028/67/1857, 631/67/2321, 692/53/2422, review-article, Review Article, 631/67/1347, humanities, 3. Good health
Abstract

Funder: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI), Funder: National Center for Research Resources under award number 1 C06 RR12463-01, VA Merit Review Award IBX004121A from the United States Department of Veterans Affairs Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development Service, the DOD Prostate Cancer Idea Development Award (W81XWH-15-1-0558), the DOD Lung Cancer Investigator-Initiated Translational Research Award (W81XWH-18-1-0440), the DOD Peer Reviewed Cancer Research Program (W81XWH-16-1-0329), the Ohio Third Frontier Technology Validation Fund, the Wallace H. Coulter Foundation Program in the Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Clinical and Translational Science Award Program (CTSA) at Case Western Reserve University., Funder: Susan G Komen Foundation (CCR CCR18547966) and a Young Investigator Grant from the Breast Cancer Alliance., Funder: The Canadian Cancer Society, Funder: Breast Cancer Research Foundation (BCRF), Grant No. 17-194, Assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is increasingly recognized as an integral part of the prognostic workflow in triple-negative (TNBC) and HER2-positive breast cancer, as well as many other solid tumors. This recognition has come about thanks to standardized visual reporting guidelines, which helped to reduce inter-reader variability. Now, there are ripe opportunities to employ computational methods that extract spatio-morphologic predictive features, enabling computer-aided diagnostics. We detail the benefits of computational TILs assessment, the readiness of TILs scoring for computational assessment, and outline considerations for overcoming key barriers to clinical translation in this arena. Specifically, we discuss: 1. ensuring computational workflows closely capture visual guidelines and standards; 2. challenges and thoughts standards for assessment of algorithms including training, preanalytical, analytical, and clinical validation; 3. perspectives on how to realize the potential of machine learning models and to overcome the perceptual and practical limits of visual scoring.

49. The tale of TILs in breast cancer: A report from The International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group

Author

El Bairi, Khalid, Haynes, Harry R, Blackley, Elizabeth, Fineberg, Susan, Shear, Jeffrey, Turner, Sophia, De Freitas, Juliana Ribeiro, Sur, Daniel, Amendola, Luis Claudio, Gharib, Masoumeh, Kallala, Amine, Arun, Indu, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Fujimoto, Luciana, Sua, Luz F, Liu, Shi-Wei, Lien, Huang-Chun, Kirtani, Pawan, Balancin, Marcelo, El Attar, Hicham, Guleria, Prerna, Yang, Wenxian, Shash, Emad, Chen, I-Chun, Bautista, Veronica, Do Prado Moura, Jose Fernando, Rapoport, Bernardo L, Castaneda, Carlos, Spengler, Eunice, Acosta-Haab, Gabriela, Frahm, Isabel, Sanchez, Joselyn, Castillo, Miluska, Bouchmaa, Najat, Md Zin, Reena R, Shui, Ruohong, Onyuma, Timothy, Yang, Wentao, Husain, Zaheed, Willard-Gallo, Karen, Coosemans, An, Perez, Edith A, Provenzano, Elena, Ericsson, Paula Gonzalez, Richardet, Eduardo, Mehrotra, Ravi, Sarancone, Sandra, Ehinger, Anna, Rimm, David L, Bartlett, John MS, Viale, Giuseppe, Denkert, Carsten, Hida, Akira I, Sotiriou, Christos, Loibl, Sibylle, Hewitt, Stephen M, Badve, Sunil, Symmans, William Fraser, Kim, Rim S, Pruneri, Giancarlo, Goel, Shom, Francis, Prudence A, Inurrigarro, Gloria, Yamaguchi, Rin, Garcia-Rivello, Hernan, Horlings, Hugo, Afqir, Said, Salgado, Roberto, Adams, Sylvia, Kok, Marleen, Dieci, Maria Vittoria, Michiels, Stefan, Demaria, Sandra, Loi, Sherene, and International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group

Subjects
chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group, 3. Good health
Abstract

The advent of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in modern oncology has significantly improved survival in several cancer settings. A subgroup of women with breast cancer (BC) has immunogenic infiltration of lymphocytes with expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). These patients may potentially benefit from ICI targeting the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 signaling axis. The use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as predictive and prognostic biomarkers has been under intense examination. Emerging data suggest that TILs are associated with response to both cytotoxic treatments and immunotherapy, particularly for patients with triple-negative BC. In this review from The International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group, we discuss (a) the biological understanding of TILs, (b) their analytical and clinical validity and efforts toward the clinical utility in BC, and (c) the current status of PD-L1 and TIL testing across different continents, including experiences from low-to-middle-income countries, incorporating also the view of a patient advocate. This information will help set the stage for future approaches to optimize the understanding and clinical utilization of TIL analysis in patients with BC.

50. Pitfalls in assessing stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) in breast cancer

Author

Kos, Zuzana, Roblin, Elvire, Kim, Rim S., Michiels, Stefan, Gallas, Brandon D., Chen, Weijie, Van De Vijver, Koen K., Goel, Shom, Adams, Sylvia, Demaria, Sandra, Viale, Giuseppe, Nielsen, Torsten O., Badve, Sunil S., Symmans, W. Fraser, Sotiriou, Christos, Rimm, David L., Hewitt, Stephen, Denkert, Carsten, Loibl, Sibylle, Luen, Stephen J., Bartlett, John M. S., Savas, Peter, Pruneri, Giancarlo, Dillon, Deborah A., Cheang, Maggie Chon U., Tutt, Andrew, Hall, Jacqueline A., Kok, Marleen, Horlings, Hugo M., Madabhushi, Anant, Van Der Laak, Jeroen, Ciompi, Francesco, Laenkholm, Anne-Vibeke, Bellolio, Enrique, Gruosso, Tina, Fox, Stephen B., Araya, Juan Carlos, Floris, Giuseppe, Hudeček, Jan, Voorwerk, Leonie, Beck, Andrew H., Kerner, Jen, Larsimont, Denis, Declercq, Sabine, Van Den Eynden, Gert, Pusztai, Lajos, Ehinger, Anna, Yang, Wentao, AbdulJabbar, Khalid, Yuan, Yinyin, Singh, Rajendra, Hiley, Crispin, Bakir, Maise Al, Lazar, Alexander J., Naber, Stephen, Wienert, Stephan, Castillo, Miluska, Curigliano, Giuseppe, Dieci, Maria-Vittoria, André, Fabrice, Swanton, Charles, Reis-Filho, Jorge, Sparano, Joseph, Balslev, Eva, Chen, I-Chun, Stovgaard, Elisabeth Ida Specht, Pogue-Geile, Katherine, Blenman, Kim R. M., Penault-Llorca, Frédérique, Schnitt, Stuart, Lakhani, Sunil R., Vincent-Salomon, Anne, Rojo, Federico, Braybrooke, Jeremy P., Hanna, Matthew G., Soler-Monsó, M. Teresa, Bethmann, Daniel, Castaneda, Carlos A., Willard-Gallo, Karen, Sharma, Ashish, Lien, Huang-Chun, Fineberg, Susan, Thagaard, Jeppe, Comerma, Laura, Gonzalez-Ericsson, Paula, Brogi, Edi, Loi, Sherene, Saltz, Joel, Klaushen, Frederick, Cooper, Lee, Amgad, Mohamed, Moore, David A., Salgado, Roberto, Hyytiäinen, Aini, Hida, Akira I., Thompson, Alastair, Lefevre, Alex, Gown, Allen, Lo, Amy, Sapino, Anna, Moreira, Andre M., Richardson, Andrea, Vingiani, Andrea, Bellizzi, Andrew M., Guerrero, Angel, Grigoriadis, Anita, Garrido-Castro, Ana C., Cimino-Mathews, Ashley, Srinivasan, Ashok, Acs, Balazs, Singh, Baljit, Calhoun, Benjamin, Haibe-Kans, Benjamin, Solomon, Benjamin, Thapa, Bibhusal, Nelson, Brad H., Ballesteroes-Merino, Carmen, Criscitiello, Carmen, Boeckx, Carolien, Colpaert, Cecile, Quinn, Cecily, Chennubhotla, Chakra S., Solinas, Cinzia, Drubay, Damien, Sabanathan, Dhanusha, Peeters, Dieter, Zardavas, Dimitrios, Höflmayer, Doris, Johnson, Douglas B., Thompson, E. Aubrey, Perez, Edith, ElGabry, Ehab A., Blackley, Elizabeth F., Reisenbichler, Emily, Chmielik, Ewa, Gaire, Fabien, Lu, Fang-I, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Peale, Franklin, Hirsch, Fred R., Acosta-Haab, Gabriela, Farshid, Gelareh, Broeckx, Glenn, Koeppen, Harmut, Haynes, Harry R., McArthur, Heather, Joensuu, Heikki, Olofsson, Helena, Cree, Ian, Nederlof, Iris, Frahm, Isabel, Brcic, Iva, Chan, Jack, Ziai, James, Brock, Jane, Weseling, Jelle, Giltnane, Jennifer, Lemonnier, Jerome, Zha, Jiping, Ribeiro, Joana, Lennerz, Jochen K., Carter, Jodi M., Hartman, Johan, Hainfellner, Johannes, Le Quesne, John, Juco, Jonathan W., Van Den Berg, Jose, Sanchez, Joselyn, Cucherousset, Joël, Adam, Julien, Balko, Justin M., Saeger, Kai, Siziopikou, Kalliopi, Sikorska, Karolina, Weber, Karsten, Steele, Keith E., Emancipator, Kenneth, El Bairi, Khalid, Allison, Kimberly H., Korski, Konstanty, Buisseret, Laurence, Shi, Leming, Kooreman, Loes F. S., Molinero, Luciana, Estrada, M. Valeria, Van Seijen, Maartje, Lacroix-Triki, Magali, Sebastian, Manu M., Balancin, Marcelo L., Mathieu, Marie-Christine, Van De Vijver, Mark, Rebelatto, Marlon C., Piccart, Martine, Goetz, Matthew P., Preusser, Matthias, Khojasteh, Mehrnoush, Sanders, Melinda E., Regan, Meredith M., Barnes, Michael, Christie, Michael, Misialek, Michael, Ignatiadis, Michail, De Maaker, Michiel, Van Bockstal, Mieke, Harbeck, Nadia, Tung, Nadine, Laudus, Nele, Sirtaine, Nicolas, Burchardi, Nicole, Ternes, Nils, Radosevic-Robin, Nina, Gluz, Oleg, Grimm, Oliver, Nuciforo, Paolo, Jank, Paul, Kirtani, Pawan, Watson, Peter H., Jelinic, Peter, Francis, Prudence A., Russell, Prudence A., Pierce, Robert H., Hills, Robert, Leon-Ferre, Roberto, De Wind, Roland, Shui, Ruohong, Leung, Samuel, Tabbarah, Sami, Souza, Sandra C., O’Toole, Sandra, Swain, Sandra, Dudgeon, Sarah, Willis, Scooter, Ely, Scott, Bedri, Shahinaz, Irshad, Sheeba, Liu, Shiwei, Hendry, Shona, Bianchi, Simonetta, Bragança, Sofia, Paik, Soonmyung, Luz, Sua, Gevaert, Thomas, D’Alfons, Timothy, John, Tom, Sugie, Tomohagu, Kurkure, Uday, Bossuyt, Veerle, Manem, Venkata, Cámaea, Vincente Peg, Tong, Weida, Tran, William T., Wang, Yihong, Allory, Yves, Husain, Zaheed, and Bago-Horvath, Zsuzsanna

Subjects
692/53/2422, article, 3. Good health, 631/67/580/1884
Abstract

Stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) are important prognostic and predictive biomarkers in triple-negative (TNBC) and HER2-positive breast cancer. Incorporating sTILs into clinical practice necessitates reproducible assessment. Previously developed standardized scoring guidelines have been widely embraced by the clinical and research communities. We evaluated sources of variability in sTIL assessment by pathologists in three previous sTIL ring studies. We identify common challenges and evaluate impact of discrepancies on outcome estimates in early TNBC using a newly-developed prognostic tool. Discordant sTIL assessment is driven by heterogeneity in lymphocyte distribution. Additional factors include: technical slide-related issues; scoring outside the tumor boundary; tumors with minimal assessable stroma; including lymphocytes associated with other structures; and including other inflammatory cells. Small variations in sTIL assessment modestly alter risk estimation in early TNBC but have the potential to affect treatment selection if cutpoints are employed. Scoring and averaging multiple areas, as well as use of reference images, improve consistency of sTIL evaluation. Moreover, to assist in avoiding the pitfalls identified in this analysis, we developed an educational resource available at www.tilsinbreastcancer.org/pitfalls.

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