48 results on '"Azorin-Molina, C."'
Search Results
2. Do CMIP models capture long-term observed annual precipitation trends?
- Author
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Vicente-Serrano, S. M., García-Herrera, R., Peña-Angulo, D., Tomas-Burguera, M., Domínguez-Castro, F., Noguera, I., Calvo, N., Murphy, C., Nieto, R., Gimeno, L., Gutierrez, J. M., Azorin-Molina, C., and El Kenawy, A.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Long‐term observed changes of air temperature, relative humidity and vapour pressure deficit in Bolivia, 1950–2019
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Fernández‐Duque, B., primary, Vicente‐Serrano, S. M., additional, Maillard, O., additional, Domínguez‐Castro, F., additional, Peña‐Angulo, D., additional, Noguera, I., additional, Azorin‐Molina, C., additional, and El Kenawy, A., additional
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Near-surface mean and gust wind speeds in ERA5 across Sweden: towards an improved gust parametrization
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Minola, L., Zhang, F., Azorin-Molina, C., Pirooz, A. A. Safaei, Flay, R. G. J., Hersbach, H., and Chen, D.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Extreme hydrological events and the influence of reservoirs in a highly regulated river basin of northeastern Spain
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Vicente-Serrano, S.M., Zabalza-Martínez, J., Borràs, G., López-Moreno, J.I., Pla, E., Pascual, D., Savé, R., Biel, C., Funes, I., Azorin-Molina, C., Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., Martín-Hernández, N., Peña-Gallardo, M., Alonso-González, E., Tomas-Burguera, M., and El Kenawy, A.
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Evaporation trends in Spain : a comparison of Class A pan and Piché atmometer measurements
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Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., Vicente-Serrano, S. M., Wild, M., Calbó, J., Azorin-Molina, C., and Peñuelas, J.
- Published
- 2014
7. Terrestrial Stilling Projected to Continue in the Northern Hemisphere Mid‐Latitudes
- Author
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Deng, K., primary, Liu, W., additional, Azorin‐Molina, C., additional, Yang, S., additional, Li, H., additional, Zhang, G., additional, Minola, L., additional, and Chen, D., additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Recent glacier retreat and climate trends in Cordillera Huaytapallana, Peru
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López-Moreno, J.I., Fontaneda, S., Bazo, J., Revuelto, J., Azorin-Molina, C., Valero-Garcés, B., Morán-Tejeda, E., Vicente-Serrano, S.M., Zubieta, R., and Alejo-Cochachín, J.
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- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Do CMIP models capture long-term observed annual precipitation trends?
- Author
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Vicente-Serrano, S. M., primary, García-Herrera, R., additional, Peña-Angulo, D., additional, Tomas-Burguera, M., additional, Domínguez-Castro, F., additional, Noguera, I., additional, Calvo, N., additional, Murphy, C., additional, Nieto, R., additional, Gimeno, L., additional, Gutierrez, J. M., additional, Azorin-Molina, C., additional, and El Kenawy, A., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Increased Vegetation in Mountainous Headwaters Amplifies Water Stress During Dry Periods
- Author
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Vicente‐Serrano, S. M., primary, Domínguez‐Castro, F., additional, Murphy, C., additional, Peña‐Angulo, D., additional, Tomas‐Burguera, M., additional, Noguera, I., additional, López‐Moreno, J. I., additional, Juez, C., additional, Grainger, S., additional, Eklundh, L., additional, Conradt, T., additional, Azorin‐Molina, C., additional, and Kenawy, A., additional
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Global Climate
- Author
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Dunn, Robert J. H., primary, Aldred, F., additional, Gobron, Nadine, additional, Miller, John B., additional, Willett, Kate M., additional, Ades, M., additional, Adler, Robert, additional, Allan, Richard, P., additional, Allan, Rob, additional, Anderson, J., additional, Argüez, Anthony, additional, Arosio, C., additional, Augustine, John A., additional, Azorin-Molina, C., additional, Barichivich, J., additional, Beck, H. E., additional, Becker, Andreas, additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Benedetti, Angela, additional, Berry, David I., additional, Blenkinsop, Stephen, additional, Bock, Olivier, additional, Bodin, X., additional, Bosilovich, Michael G., additional, Boucher, Olivier, additional, Buehler, S. A., additional, Calmettes, B., additional, Carrea, Laura, additional, Castia, Laura, additional, Christiansen, Hanne H., additional, Christy, John R., additional, Chung, E.-S., additional, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, additional, Cooper, Owen R., additional, Cornes, Richard C., additional, Covey, Curt, additional, Cretaux, J.-F., additional, Crotwell, M., additional, Davis, Sean M., additional, de Jeu, Richard A. M., additional, Degenstein, Doug, additional, Delaloye, R., additional, Di Girolamo, Larry, additional, Donat, Markus G., additional, Dorigo, Wouter A., additional, Durre, Imke, additional, Dutton, Geoff S., additional, Duveiller, Gregory, additional, Elkins, James W., additional, Fioletov, Vitali E., additional, Flemming, Johannes, additional, Foster, Michael J., additional, Frith, Stacey M., additional, Froidevaux, Lucien, additional, Garforth, J., additional, Gentry, Matthew, additional, Gupta, S. K., additional, Hahn, S., additional, Haimberger, Leopold, additional, Hall, Brad D., additional, Harris, Ian, additional, Hemming, D. L., additional, Hirschi, M., additional, Ho, Shu-pen (Ben), additional, Hrbacek, F., additional, Hubert, Daan, additional, Hurst, Dale F., additional, Inness, Antje, additional, Isaksen, K., additional, John, Viju O., additional, Jones, Philip D., additional, Junod, Robert, additional, Kaiser, J. W., additional, Kaufmann, V., additional, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, A., additional, Kent, Elizabeth C., additional, Kidd, R., additional, Kim, Hyungjun, additional, Kipling, Z., additional, Koppa, A., additional, Kraemer, B. M., additional, Kratz, D. P., additional, Lan, Xin, additional, Lantz, Kathleen O., additional, Lavers, D., additional, Loeb, Norman G., additional, Loyola, Diego, additional, Madelon, R., additional, Mayer, Michael, additional, McCabe, M. F., additional, McVicar, Tim R., additional, Mears, Carl A., additional, Merchant, Christopher J., additional, Miralles, Diego G., additional, Moesinger, L., additional, Montzka, Stephen A., additional, Morice, Colin, additional, Mösinger, L., additional, Mühle, Jens, additional, Nicolas, Julien P., additional, Noetzli, Jeannette, additional, Noll, Ben, additional, O’Keefe, J., additional, Osborn, Tim J., additional, Park, T., additional, Pasik, A. J., additional, Pellet, C., additional, Pelto, Maury S., additional, Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S. E., additional, Petron, G., additional, Phillips, Coda, additional, Po-Chedley, S., additional, Polvani, L., additional, Preimesberger, W., additional, Rains, D. G., additional, Randel, W. J., additional, Rayner, Nick A., additional, Rémy, Samuel, additional, Ricciardulli, L., additional, Richardson, A. D., additional, Robinson, David A., additional, Rodell, Matthew, additional, Rodríguez-Fernández, N. J., additional, Rosenlof, K.H., additional, Roth, C., additional, Rozanov, A., additional, Rutishäuser, T., additional, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, additional, Sawaengphokhai, P., additional, Scanlon, T., additional, Schenzinger, Verena, additional, Schlegel, R. W., additional, Sharma, S., additional, Shi, Lei, additional, Simmons, Adrian J., additional, Siso, Carolina, additional, Smith, Sharon L., additional, Soden, B. J., additional, Sofieva, Viktoria, additional, Sparks, T. H., additional, Stackhouse, Paul W., additional, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, additional, Stengel, Martin, additional, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., additional, Sun-Mack, Sunny, additional, Tans, P., additional, Thackeray, S. J., additional, Thibert, E., additional, Tokuda, D., additional, Tourpali, Kleareti, additional, Tye, Mari R., additional, van der A, Ronald, additional, van der Schalie, Robin, additional, van der Schrier, Gerard, additional, van der Vliet, M., additional, van der Werf, Guido R., additional, Vance, A., additional, Vernier, Jean-Paul, additional, Vimont, Isaac J., additional, Vömel, Holger, additional, Vose, Russell S., additional, Wang, Ray, additional, Weber, Markus, additional, Wiese, David, additional, Wilber, Anne C., additional, Wild, Jeanette D., additional, Wong, Takmeng, additional, Woolway, R. Iestyn, additional, Zhou, Xinjia, additional, Yin, Xungang, additional, Zhao, Guangyu, additional, Zhao, Lin, additional, Ziemke, Jerry R., additional, Ziese, Markus, additional, and Zotta, R. M., additional
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. A climatological study of the influence of synoptic-scale flows on sea breeze evolution in the Bay of Alicante (Spain)
- Author
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Azorin-Molina, C. and Chen, D.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Global Climate [in 'State of the Climate in 2019']
- Author
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Dunn, Robert J. H., Stanitski, Diane M., Gobron, Nadine, Willett, Kate M., Ades, M., Adler, R., Allan, R. P., Anderson, J., Argüez, Anthony, Arosio, C., Augustine, J. A., Azorin-Molina, C., Barichivich, J., Barnes, J., Beck, H. E., Becker, Andreas, Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Berry, David I., Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Buehler, S. A., Carrea, Laura, Christiansen, Hanne H., Chouza, F., Christy, John R., Chung, E.-S., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Compo, Gil P., Cooper, Owen R., Covey, Curt, Crotwell, A., Davis, Sean M., Eyto, Elvira De, de Jeu, Richard A. M., Degasperi, Curtis L., Degenstein, Doug, Di Girolamo, Larry, Dokulil, Martin T., Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, G., Elkins, James W., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frey, Richard A., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Garforth, J., Gupta, S. K., Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Heidinger, Andrew K., Hemming, D. L., Ho, Shu-Peng (ben), Hubert, Daan, Hurst, Dale F., Hüser, I., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, K., John, Viju, Jones, Philip D., Kaiser, J. W., Kelly, S., Khaykin, Sergey, Kidd, R., Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Z., Kraemer, B. M., Kratz, D. P., Fuente, R. S. La, Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Leblanc, Thierry, Li, Bailing, Loeb, Norman G., Long, Craig S., Loyola, Diego, Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Martens, B., May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, Mccabe, M. F., Mcvicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, W. Paul, Merchant, Christopher J., Miller, Ben R., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mühle, Jens, Myneni, R., Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Osborn, Tim J., Park, T., Pasik, A., Paterson, Andrew M., Pelto, Mauri S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S., Petron, G., Phillips, C., Pinty, Bernard, Po-Chedley, S., Polvani, L., Preimesberger, W., Pulkkanen, M., Randel, W. J., Remy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, L., Richardson, A. D., Rieger, L., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, A., Rusak, James A., Rusanovskaya, O., Rutishäuser, T., Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, P., Scanlon, T., Schenzinger, Verena, Schladow, S. Geoffey, Schlegel, R. W, Schmid, Martin, Selkirk, H. B., Sharma, S., Shi, Lei, Shimaraeva, S. V., Silow, E. A., Simmons, Adrian J., Smith, C. A., Smith, Sharon L, Soden, B. J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, T. H., Jr., Paul W. Stackhouse, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Taha, G., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, S. J., Timofeyev, M. A., Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., A, Ronald J. van Der, van Der Schalie, Robin, van Der Schrier, Gerard, van Der Werf, Guido R., Verburg, Piet, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray, Watanabe, Shohei G., Weber, Mark, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Wiese, David, Wilber, Anne C., Wild, Jeanette D., Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. Iestyn, Yin, Xungang, Zhao, Lin, Zhao, Guanguo, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus, Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, University of Reading (UOR), Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [Hampton] (APS), Hampton University, NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), Universität Bremen, Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificacion (CIDE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Princeton], Princeton University, Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Department of Meteorology [Reading], National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Newcastle University [Newcastle], Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), École nationale des sciences géographiques (ENSG), Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Sorbonne Université (SU), Universität Hamburg (UHH), The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), IBS Center for Climate Physics, Pusan National University, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Marine Institute [Ireland], VanderSat B.V., King County Water and Land Resources Division, Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, University of Innsbruck, Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation [Wien], Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-University of Wisconsin-Madison-NASA, Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), Woodland Trust, Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Hampton] (SSAI), Department of Meteorology and Geophysics [Vienna], Universität Wien, School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory [Boulder] (GML), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Dundalk Institute of Technology (DkIT), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Earth Observation Data Centre GmbH (EODC), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Leibniz Association, NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), GSFC Hydrological Sciences Laboratory, Earth Science System Interdisciplinary Center [College Park] (ESSIC), College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, NOAA National Weather Service (NWS), DLR Institut für Methodik der Fernerkundung / DLR Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], Hydro-Climate Extremes Laboratory (H-CEL), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Remote Sensing Systems [Santa Rosa] (RSS), Space Science and Engineering Center [Madison] (SSEC), University of Wisconsin-Madison, NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Department of Environmental, Earth and Ocean Sciences [Boston] (EEOS), University of Massachusetts [Boston] (UMass Boston), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Dorset Environmental Science Centre, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Nichols College Dudley, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Madison], Columbia University [New York], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems (SICCS), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Center for Ecosystem Science and Society (ECOSS), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Department of Geography [Piscataway], Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Irkutsk State University (ISU), Institute of Geography [Bern], University of Bern, UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), Department of Physical Oceanography [Woods Hole], Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), York University [Toronto], Geological Survey of Canada [Ottawa] (GSC Central & Northern Canada), Geological Survey of Canada - Office (GSC), Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)-Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables], Poznan University of Life Sciences (Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu) (PULS), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Department of Geography [Washington], The George Washington University (GW), Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology and Research (GESTAR), Universities Space Research Association (USRA)-NASA, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Lancaster] (CEH), Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Capacity Center for Climate and Weather Extremes (C3WE), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), National Institute of Water and Atmosphere [Hamilton] (NIWA), Earth Observing Laboratory [Boulder] (EOL), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR)-University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Atlanta], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, University of Wisconsin-Madison-NASA-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and NASA-Universities Space Research Association (USRA)
- Subjects
[SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology - Abstract
International audience; Global Climate is one chapter from the State of the Climate in 2019 annual report and is avail- able from https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0104.1 Compiled by NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, State of the Climate in 2019 is based on contributions from scien- tists from around the world. It provides a detailed update on global climate indicators, notable weather events, and other data collected by environmental monitoring stations and instru- ments located on land, water, ice, and in space.The full report is available from https://doi.org/10.1175/2020BAMSStateoftheClimate.1.
- Published
- 2020
14. Global Climate
- Author
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Ades, M., additional, Adler, R., additional, Allan, Rob, additional, Allan, R. P., additional, Anderson, J., additional, Argüez, Anthony, additional, Arosio, C., additional, Augustine, J. A., additional, Azorin-Molina, C., additional, Barichivich, J., additional, Barnes, J., additional, Beck, H. E., additional, Becker, Andreas, additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Benedetti, Angela, additional, Berry, David I., additional, Blenkinsop, Stephen, additional, Bock, Olivier., additional, Bosilovich, Michael G., additional, Boucher, Olivier., additional, Buehler, S. A., additional, Carrea, Laura., additional, Christiansen, Hanne H., additional, Chouza, F., additional, Christy, John R., additional, Chung, E.-S., additional, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, additional, Compo, Gil P., additional, Cooper, Owen R., additional, Covey, Curt, additional, Crotwell, A., additional, Davis, Sean M., additional, de Eyto, Elvira, additional, de Jeu, Richard A. M, additional, VanderSat, B.V., additional, DeGasperi, Curtis L., additional, Degenstein, Doug, additional, Di Girolamo, Larry, additional, Dokulil, Martin T., additional, Donat, Markus G., additional, Dorigo, Wouter A., additional, Durre, Imke, additional, Dutton, Geoff S., additional, Duveiller, G., additional, Elkins, James W., additional, Fioletov, Vitali E., additional, Flemming, Johannes, additional, Foster, Michael J., additional, Frey, Richard A., additional, Frith, Stacey M., additional, Froidevaux, Lucien, additional, Garforth, J., additional, Gupta, S. K., additional, Haimberger, Leopold, additional, Hall, Brad D., additional, Harris, Ian, additional, Heidinger, Andrew K, additional, Hemming, D. L., additional, Ho, Shu-peng (Ben), additional, Hubert, Daan, additional, Hurst, Dale F., additional, Hüser, I., additional, Inness, Antje, additional, Isaksen, K., additional, John, Viju, additional, Jones, Philip D., additional, Kaiser, J. W., additional, Kelly, S., additional, Khaykin, S., additional, Kidd, R., additional, Kim, Hyungiun, additional, Kipling, Z., additional, Kraemer, B. M., additional, Kratz, D. P., additional, La Fuente, R. S., additional, Lan, Xin, additional, Lantz, Kathleen O., additional, Leblanc, T., additional, Li, Bailing, additional, Loeb, Norman G, additional, Long, Craig S., additional, Loyola, Diego, additional, Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, additional, Martens, B., additional, May, Linda, additional, Mayer, Michael, additional, McCabe, M. F., additional, McVicar, Tim R., additional, Mears, Carl A., additional, Menzel, W. Paul, additional, Merchant, Christopher J., additional, Miller, Ben R., additional, Miralles, Diego G., additional, Montzka, Stephen A., additional, Morice, Colin, additional, Mühle, Jens, additional, Myneni, R., additional, Nicolas, Julien P., additional, Noetzli, Jeannette, additional, Osborn, Tim J., additional, Park, T., additional, Pasik, A., additional, Paterson, Andrew M., additional, Pelto, Mauri S., additional, Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S., additional, Pétron, G., additional, Phillips, C., additional, Pinty, Bernard, additional, Po-Chedley, S., additional, Polvani, L., additional, Preimesberger, W., additional, Pulkkanen, M., additional, Randel, W. J., additional, Rémy, Samuel, additional, Ricciardulli, L., additional, Richardson, A. D., additional, Rieger, L., additional, Robinson, David A., additional, Rodell, Matthew, additional, Rosenlof, Karen H., additional, Roth, Chris, additional, Rozanov, A., additional, Rusak, James A., additional, Rusanovskaya, O., additional, Rutishäuser, T., additional, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, additional, Sawaengphokhai, P., additional, Scanlon, T., additional, Schenzinger, Verena, additional, Schladow, S. Geoffey, additional, Schlegel, R. W, additional, Schmid, Martin, Eawag, additional, Selkirk, H. B., additional, Sharma, S., additional, Shi, Lei, additional, Shimaraeva, S. V., additional, Silow, E. A., additional, Simmons, Adrian J., additional, Smith, C. A., additional, Smith, Sharon L, additional, Soden, B. J., additional, Sofieva, Viktoria, additional, Sparks, T. H., additional, Stackhouse, Paul W., additional, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, additional, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., additional, Taha, G., additional, Telg, Hagen, additional, Thackeray, S. J., additional, Timofeyev, M. A., additional, Tourpali, Kleareti, additional, Tye, Mari R., additional, van der A, Ronald J., additional, van der Schalie, Robin, VanderSat B.V., additional, van der SchrierW. Paul, Gerard, additional, van der Werf, Guido R., additional, Verburg, Piet, additional, Vernier, Jean-Paul, additional, Vömel, Holger, additional, Vose, Russell S., additional, Wang, Ray, additional, Watanabe, Shohei G., additional, Weber, Mark, additional, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., additional, Wiese, David, additional, Wilber, Anne C., additional, Wild, Jeanette D., additional, Wong, Takmeng, additional, Woolway, R. Iestyn, additional, Yin, Xungang, additional, Zhao, Lin, additional, Zhao, Guanguo, additional, Zhou, Xinjia, additional, Ziemke, Jerry R., additional, and Ziese, Markus, additional
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- 2020
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15. Air temperature measurements using autonomous self-recording dataloggers in mountainous and snow covered areas
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Navarro-Serrano, F., primary, López-Moreno, J.I., additional, Azorin-Molina, C., additional, Buisán, S., additional, Domínguez-Castro, F., additional, Sanmiguel-Vallelado, A., additional, Alonso-González, E., additional, and Khorchani, M., additional
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- 2019
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16. State of the climate in 2017
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Abernethy, R, Ackerman, SA, Adler, R, Albanil Encarnación, A, Aldeco, LS, Alfaro, EJ, Aliaga-Nestares, V, Allan, RP, Allan, R, Alves, LM, Amador, JA, Anderson, J, Andreassen, LM, Argüez, A, Armitage, C, Arndt, DS, Avalos, G, Azorin-Molina, C, Báez, J, Bardin, MY, Barichivich, J, Baringer, MO, Barreira, S, Baxter, S, Beck, HE, Becker, A, Bedka, KM, Behe, C, Bell, GD, Bellouin, N, Belmont, M, Benedetti, A, Bernhard, GH, Berrisford, P, Berry, DI, Bhatt, US, Bissolli, P, Bjerke, J, Blake, ES, Blenkinsop, S, Blunden, J, Bolmgren, K, Bosilovich, MG, Boucher, O, Bouchon, M, Box, JE, Boyer, T, Braathen, GO, Bromwich, DH, Brown, R, Buehler, S, Bulygina, ON, Burgess, D, Calderón, B, Camargo, SJ, Campbell, EC, Campbell, JD, Cappelen, J, Carrea, L, Carter, BR, Castro, A, Chambers, DP, Cheng, L, Christiansen, HH, Christy, JR, Chung, ES, Clem, KR, Coelho, CAS, Coldewey-Egbers, M, Colwell, S, Cooper, OR, Copland, L, Costanza, C, Covey, C, Coy, L, Cronin, T, Crouch, J, Cruzado, L, Daniel, R, Davis, SM, Davletshin, SG, De Eyto, E, De Jeu, RAM, De La Cour, JL, De Laat, J, De Gasperi, CL, Degenstein, D, Deline, P, Demircan, M, Derksen, C, Dewitte, B, Dhurmea, R, Di Girolamo, L, Diamond, HJ, Dickerson, C, Dlugokencky, EJ, Dohan, K, Dokulil, MT, Dolman, AJ, and Domingues, CM
- Abstract
In 2017, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere-carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-reached new record highs. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth's surface for 2017 was 405.0 ± 0.1 ppm, 2.2 ppm greater than for 2016 and the highest in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records dating back as far as 800 000 years. The global growth rate of CO2 has nearly quadrupled since the early 1960s. With ENSO-neutral conditions present in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean during most of the year and weak La Niña conditions notable at the start and end, the global temperature across land and ocean surfaces ranked as the second or third highest, depending on the dataset, since records began in the mid-to-late 1800s. Notably, it was the warmest non-El Niño year in the instrumental record. Above Earth's surface, the annual lower tropospheric temperature was also either second or third highest according to all datasets analyzed. The lower stratospheric temperature was about 0.2°C higher than the record cold temperature of 2016 according to most of the in situ and satellite datasets. Several countries, including Argentina, Uruguay, Spain, and Bulgaria, reported record high annual temperatures. Mexico broke its annual record for the fourth consecutive year. On 27 January, the temperature reached 43.4°C at Puerto Madryn, Argentina-the highest temperature recorded so far south (43°S) anywhere in the world. On 28 May in Turbat, western Pakistan, the high of 53.5°C tied Pakistan's all-time highest temperature and became the world-record highest temperature for May. In the Arctic, the 2017 land surface temperature was 1.6°C above the 1981-2010 average, the second highest since the record began in 1900, behind only 2016. The five highest annual Arctic temperatures have all occurred since 2007. Exceptionally high temperatures were observed in the permafrost across the Arctic, with record values reported in much of Alaska and northwestern Canada. In August, high sea surface temperature (SST) records were broken for the Chukchi Sea, with some regions as warm as +11°C, or 3° to 4°C warmer than the longterm mean (1982-present). According to paleoclimate studies, today's abnormally warm Arctic air and SSTs have not been observed in the last 2000 years. The increasing temperatures have led to decreasing Arctic sea ice extent and thickness. On 7 March, sea ice extent at the end of the growth season saw its lowest maximum in the 37-year satellite record, covering 8% less area than the 1981-2010 average. The Arctic sea ice minimum on 13 September was the eighth lowest on record and covered 25% less area than the long-term mean. Preliminary data indicate that glaciers across the world lost mass for the 38th consecutive year on record; the declines are remarkably consistent from region to region. Cumulatively since 1980, this loss is equivalent to slicing 22 meters off the top of the average glacier. Antarctic sea ice extent remained below average for all of 2017, with record lows during the first four months. Over the continent, the austral summer seasonal melt extent and melt index were the second highest since 2005, mostly due to strong positive anomalies of air temperature over most of the West Antarctic coast. In contrast, the East Antarctic Plateau saw record low mean temperatures in March. The year was also distinguished by the second smallest Antarctic ozone hole observed since 1988. Across the global oceans, the overall long-term SST warming trend remained strong. Although SST cooled slightly from 2016 to 2017, the last three years produced the three highest annual values observed; these high anomalies have been associated with widespread coral bleaching. The most recent global coral bleaching lasted three full years, June 2014 to May 2017, and was the longest, most widespread, and almost certainly most destructive such event on record. Global integrals of 0-700-m and 0-2000-m ocean heat content reached record highs in 2017, and global mean sea level during the year became the highest annual average in the 25-year satellite altimetry record, rising to 77 mm above the 1993 average. In the tropics, 2017 saw 85 named tropical storms, slightly above the 1981-2010 average of 82. The North Atlantic basin was the only basin that featured an above-normal season, its seventh most active in the 164-year record. Three hurricanes in the basin were especially notable. Harvey produced record rainfall totals in areas of Texas and Louisiana, including a storm total of 1538.7 mm near Beaumont, Texas, which far exceeds the previous known U.S. tropical cyclone record of 1320.8 mm. Irma was the strongest tropical cyclone globally in 2017 and the strongest Atlantic hurricane outside of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean on record with maximum winds of 295 km h-1. Maria caused catastrophic destruction across the Caribbean Islands, including devastating wind damage and flooding across Puerto Rico. Elsewhere, the western North Pacific, South Indian, and Australian basins were all particularly quiet. Precipitation over global land areas in 2017 was clearly above the long-term average. Among noteworthy regional precipitation records in 2017, Russia reported its second wettest year on record (after 2013) and Norway experienced its sixth wettest year since records began in 1900. Across India, heavy rain and flood-related incidents during the monsoon season claimed around 800 lives. In August and September, above-normal precipitation triggered the most devastating floods in more than a decade in the Venezuelan states of Bolívar and Delta Amacuro. In Nigeria, heavy rain during August and September caused the Niger and Benue Rivers to overflow, bringing floods that displaced more than 100 000 people. Global fire activity was the lowest since at least 2003; however, high activity occurred in parts of North America, South America, and Europe, with an unusually long season in Spain and Portugal, which had their second and third driest years on record, respectively. Devastating fires impacted British Columbia, destroying 1.2 million hectares of timber, bush, and grassland, due in part to the region's driest summer on record. In the United States, an extreme western wildfire season burned over 4 million hectares; the total costs of $18 billion tripled the previous U.S. annual wildfire cost record set in 1991. ispartof: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society vol:99 issue:8 pages:Si-S310 status: published
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- 2018
17. Evaluating anemometer drift: A statistical approach to correct biases in wind speed measurement
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Azorin-Molina, C., Asin, J., McVicar, T.R., Minola, L., Lopez-Moreno, J.I., Vicente-Serrano, S.M., and Chen, D.
- Abstract
Recent studies on observed wind variability have revealed a decline (termed “stilling”) of near-surface wind speed during the last 30–50 years over many mid-latitude terrestrial regions, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. The well-known impact of cup anemometer drift (i.e., wear on the bearings) on the observed weakening of wind speed has been mentioned as a potential contributor to the declining trend. However, to date, no research has quantified its contribution to stilling based on measurements, which is most likely due to lack of quantification of the ageing effect. In this study, a 3-year field experiment (2014–2016) with 10-minute paired wind speed measurements from one new and one malfunctioned (i.e., old bearings) SEAC SV5 cup anemometer which has been used by the Spanish Meteorological Agency in automatic weather stations since mid-1980s, was developed for assessing for the first time the role of anemometer drift on wind speed measurement. The results showed a statistical significant impact of anemometer drift on wind speed measurements, with the old anemometer measuring lower wind speeds than the new one. Biases show a marked temporal pattern and clear dependency on wind speed, with both weak and strong winds causing significant biases. This pioneering quantification of biases has allowed us to define two regression models that correct up to 37% of the artificial bias in wind speed due to measurement with an old anemometer.
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- 2018
18. State of the climate in 2016
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Aaron-Morrison, A. P., Ackerman, S. A., Adams, N. G., Adler, R. F., Albanil, A., Alfaro, E. J., Allan, R., Alves, L. M., Amador, J. A., Andreassen, L. M., Arendt, A., Arévalo, J., Arndt, D. S., Arzhanova, N. M., Aschan, M. M., Azorin-Molina, C., Banzon, V., Bardin, M. U., Barichivich, J., Baringer, M. O., Barreira, S., Baxter, S., Bazo, J., Becker, A., Bedka, K. M., Behrenfeld, M. J., Bell, G. D., Belmont, M., Benedetti, A., Bernhard, G., Berrisford, P., Berry, D. I., Bettolli, M. L., Bhatt, U. S., Bidegain, M., Bill, B. D., Billheimer, S., Bissolli, P., Blake, E. S., Blunden, J., Bosilovich, M. G., Boucher, O., Boudet, D., Box, J. E., Boyer, T., Braathen, G. O., Bromwich, D. H., Brown, R., Bulygina, O. N., Burgess, D., Calderón, B., Camargo, S. J., Campbell, J. D., Cappelen, J., Carrasco, G., Carter, B. R., Chambers, D. P., Chandler, E., Christiansen, H. H., Christy, J. R., Chung, D., Chung, E. S., Cinque, K., Clem, K. R., Coelho, C. A., Cogley, J. G., Coldewey-Egbers, M., Colwell, S., Cooper, O. R., Copland, L., Cosca, C. E., Cross, J. N., Crotwell, M. J., Crouch, J., Davis, S. M., Eyto, E., Jeu, R. A. M., Laat, J., Degasperi, C. L., Degenstein, D., Demircan, M., Derksen, C., Destin, D., Di Girolamo, L., Di Giuseppe, F., Diamond, H. J., Dlugokencky, E. J., Dohan, K., Dokulil, M. T., Dolgov, A. V., Dolman, A. J., Domingues, C. M., Donat, M. G., Dong, S., Dorigo, W. A., Dortch, Q., Doucette, G., Drozdov, D. S., Ducklow, H., Dunn, R. J. H., Durán-Quesada, A. M., Dutton, G. S., Ebrahim, A., Elkharrim, M., Elkins, J. W., Espinoza, J. C., Etienne-Leblanc, S., Evans, T. E., Famiglietti, J. S., Farrell, S., Fateh, S., Fausto, R. S., Fedaeff, N., Feely, R. A., Feng, Z., Fenimore, C., Fettweis, X., Fioletov, V. E., Flemming, J., Fogarty, C. T., Fogt, R. L., Folland, C., Fonseca, C., Fossheim, M., Foster, M. J., Fountain, A., Francis, S. D., Franz, B. A., Frey, R. A., Frith, S. M., Froidevaux, L., Ganter, C., Garzoli, S., Gerland, S., Gobron, N., Goldenberg, S. B., Gomez, R. S., Goni, G., Goto, A., Grooß, J. U., Gruber, A., Guard, C. C., Gugliemin, M., Gupta, S. K., Gutiérrez, J. M., Hagos, S., Hahn, S., Haimberger, L., Hakkarainen, J., Hall, B. D., Halpert, M. S., Hamlington, B. D., Hanna, E., Hansen, K., Hanssen-Bauer, I., Harris, I., Heidinger, A. K., Heikkilä, A., Heil, A., Heim, R. R., Hendricks, S., Hernández, M., Hidalgo, H. G., Hilburn, K., Ho, S. P. B., Holmes, R. M., Hu, Z. Z., Huang, B., Huelsing, H. K., Huffman, G. J., Hughes, C., Hurst, D. F., Ialongo, I., Ijampy, J. A., Ingvaldsen, R. B., Inness, A., Isaksen, K., Ishii, M., Jevrejeva, S., Jiménez, C., Jin, X., Johannesen, E., John, V., Johnsen, B., Johnson, B., Johnson, G. C., Jones, P. D., Joseph, A. C., Jumaux, G., Kabidi, K., Kaiser, J. W., Kato, S., Kazemi, A., Keller, L. M., Kendon, M., Kennedy, J., Kerr, K., Kholodov, A. L., Khoshkam, M., Killick, R., Kim, H., Kim, S. J., Kimberlain, T. B., Klotzbach, P. J., Knaff, J. A., Kobayashi, S., Kohler, J., Korhonen, J., Korshunova, N. N., Kovacs, K. M., Kramarova, N., Kratz, D. P., Kruger, A., Kruk, M. C., Kudela, R., Kumar, A., Lakatos, M., Lakkala, K., Lander, M. A., Landsea, C. W., Lankhorst, M., Lantz, K., Lazzara, M. A., Lemons, P., Leuliette, E., L’heureux, M., Lieser, J. L., Lin, I. I., Liu, H., Liu, Y., Locarnini, R., Loeb, N. G., Lo Monaco, C., Long, C. S., López Álvarez, L. A., Lorrey, A. M., Loyola, D., Lumpkin, R., Luo, J. J., Luojus, K., Lydersen, C., Lyman, J. M., Maberly, S. C., Maddux, B. C., Malheiros Ramos, A., Malkova, G. V., Manney, G., Marcellin, V., Marchenko, S. S., Marengo, J. A., Marra, J. J., Marszelewski, W., Martens, B., Martínez-Güingla, R., Massom, R. A., Mata, M. M., Mathis, J. T., May, L., Mayer, M., Mazloff, M., Mcbride, C., Mccabe, M. F., Mccarthy, M., Mcclelland, J. W., Mcgree, S., Mcvicar, T. R., Mears, C. A., Meier, W., Meinen, C. S., Mekonnen, A., Menéndez, M., Mengistu Tsidu, G., Menzel, W. P., Merchant, C. J., Meredith, M. P., Merrifield, M. A., Metzl, N., Minnis, P., Miralles, D. G., Mistelbauer, T., Mitchum, G. T., Monselesan, D., Monteiro, P., Montzka, S. A., Morice, C., Mote, T., Mudryk, L., Mühle, J., Mullan, A. B., Nash, E. R., Naveira-Garabato, A. C., Nerem, R. S., Newman, P. A., Nieto, J. J., Noetzli, J., O’neel, S., Osborn, T. J., Overland, J., Oyunjargal, L., Parinussa, R. M., Park, E. H., Parker, D., Parrington, M., Parsons, A. R., Pasch, R. J., Pascual-Ramírez, R., Paterson, A. M., Paulik, C., Pearce, P. R., Pelto, M. S., Peng, L., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S. E., Perovich, D., Petropavlovskikh, I., Pezza, A. B., Phillips, D., Pinty, B., Pitts, M. C., Pons, M. R., Porter, A. O., Primicerio, R., Proshutinsky, A., Quegan, S., Quintana, J., Rahimzadeh, F., Rajeevan, M., Randriamarolaza, L., Razuvaev, V. N., Reagan, J., Reid, P., Reimer, C., Rémy, S., Renwick, J. A., Revadekar, J. V., Richter-Menge, J., Riffler, M., Rimmer, A., Rintoul, S., Robinson, D. A., Rodell, M., Rodríguez Solís, J. L., Romanovsky, V. E., Ronchail, J., Rosenlof, K. H., Roth, C., Rusak, J. A., Sabine, C. L., Sallée, J. B., Sánchez-Lugo, A., Santee, M. L., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayouri, A., Scambos, T. A., Schemm, J., Schladow, S. G., Schmid, C., Schmid, M., Schmidtko, S., Schreck, C. J., Selkirk, H. B., Send, U., Sensoy, S., Setzer, A., Sharp, M., Shaw, A., Shi, L., Shiklomanov, A. I., Shiklomanov, N. I., Siegel, D. A., Signorini, S. R., Sima, F., Simmons, A. J., Smeets, C. J. P. P., Smith, S. L., Spence, J. M., Srivastava, A. K., Stackhouse, P. W., Stammerjohn, S., Steinbrecht, W., Stella, J. L., Stengel, M., Stennett-Brown, R., Stephenson, T. S., Strahan, S., Streletskiy, D. A., Sun-Mack, S., Swart, S., Sweet, W., Talley, L. D., Tamar, G., Tank, S. E., Taylor, M. A., Tedesco, M., Teubner, K., Thoman, R. L., Thompson, P., Thomson, L., Timmermans, M. L., Maxim Timofeyev, Tirnanes, J. A., Tobin, S., Trachte, K., Trainer, V. L., Tretiakov, M., Trewin, B. C., Trotman, A. R., Tschudi, M., As, D., Wal, R. S. W., A, R. J., Schalie, R., Schrier, G., Werf, G. R., Meerbeeck, C. J., Velicogna, I., Verburg, P., Vigneswaran, B., Vincent, L. A., Volkov, D., Vose, R. S., Wagner, W., Wåhlin, A., Wahr, J., Walsh, J., Wang, C., Wang, J., Wang, L., Wang, M., Wang, S. H., Wanninkhof, R., Watanabe, S., Weber, M., Weller, R. A., Weyhenmeyer, G. A., Whitewood, R., Wijffels, S. E., Wilber, A. C., Wild, J. D., Willett, K. M., Williams, M. J. M., Willie, S., Wolken, G., Wong, T., Wood, E. F., Woolway, R. I., Wouters, B., Xue, Y., Yamada, R., Yim, S. Y., Yin, X., Young, S. H., Yu, L., Zahid, H., Zambrano, E., Zhang, P., Zhao, G., Zhou, L., Ziemke, J. R., Love-Brotak, S. E., Gilbert, K., Maycock, T., Osborne, S., Sprain, M., Veasey, S. W., Ambrose, B. J., Griffin, J., Misch, D. J., Riddle, D. B., Young, T., Macias Fauria, M, Blunden, J, Arndt, D, Earth and Climate, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Clinical Developmental Psychology, Climate Change and Landscape Dynamics, and Molecular Cell Physiology
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Meteor (satellite) ,Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,020801 environmental engineering ,Geography ,13. Climate action ,Climatology ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
In 2016, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere-carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-continued to increase and reach new record highs. The 3.5 +/- 0.1 ppm rise in global annual mean carbon dioxide from 2015 to 2016 was the largest annual increase observed in the 58-year measurement record. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth's surface surpassed 400 ppm (402.9 +/- 0.1 ppm) for the first time in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records dating back as far as 800000 years. One of the strongest El Nino events since at least 1950 dissipated in spring, and a weak La Nina evolved later in the year. Owing at least in part to the combination of El Nino conditions early in the year and a long-term upward trend, Earth's surface observed record warmth for a third consecutive year, albeit by a much slimmer margin than by which that record was set in 2015. Above Earth's surface, the annual lower troposphere temperature was record high according to all datasets analyzed, while the lower stratospheric temperature was record low according to most of the in situ and satellite datasets. Several countries, including Mexico and India, reported record high annual temperatures while many others observed near-record highs. A week-long heat wave at the end of April over the northern and eastern Indian peninsula, with temperatures surpassing 44 degrees C, contributed to a water crisis for 330 million people and to 300 fatalities. In the Arctic the 2016 land surface temperature was 2.0 degrees C above the 1981-2010 average, breaking the previous record of 2007, 2011, and 2015 by 0.8 degrees C, representing a 3.5 degrees C increase since the record began in 1900. The increasing temperatures have led to decreasing Arctic sea ice extent and thickness. On 24 March, the sea ice extent at the end of the growth season saw its lowest maximum in the 37-year satellite record, tying with 2015 at 7.2% below the 1981-2010 average. The September 2016 Arctic sea ice minimum extent tied with 2007 for the second lowest value on record, 33% lower than the 1981-2010 average. Arctic sea ice cover remains relatively young and thin, making it vulnerable to continued extensive melt. The mass of the Greenland Ice Sheet, which has the capacity to contribute similar to 7 m to sea level rise, reached a record low value. The onset of its surface melt was the second earliest, after 2012, in the 37-year satellite record. Sea surface temperature was record high at the global scale, surpassing the previous record of 2015 by about 0.01 degrees C. The global sea surface temperature trend for the 21st century-to-date of +0.162 degrees C decade(-1) is much higher than the longer term 1950-2016 trend of +0.100 degrees C decade(-1). Global annual mean sea level also reached a new record high, marking the sixth consecutive year of increase. Global annual ocean heat content saw a slight drop compared to the record high in 2015. Alpine glacier retreat continued around the globe, and preliminary data indicate that 2016 is the 37th consecutive year of negative annual mass balance. Across the Northern Hemisphere, snow cover for each month from February to June was among its four least extensive in the 47-year satellite record. Continuing a pattern below the surface, record high temperatures at 20-m depth were measured at all permafrost observatories on the North Slope of Alaska and at the Canadian observatory on northernmost Ellesmere Island. In the Antarctic, record low monthly surface pressures were broken at many stations, with the southern annular mode setting record high index values in March and June. Monthly high surface pressure records for August and November were set at several stations. During this period, record low daily and monthly sea ice extents were observed, with the November mean sea ice extent more than 5 standard deviations below the 1981-2010 average. These record low sea ice values contrast sharply with the record high values observed during 2012-14. Over the region, springtime Antarctic stratospheric ozone depletion was less severe relative to the 1991-2006 average, but ozone levels were still low compared to pre-1990 levels. Closer to the equator, 93 named tropical storms were observed during 2016, above the 1981-2010 average of 82, but fewer than the 101 storms recorded in 2015. Three basins-the North Atlantic, and eastern and western North Pacific-experienced above-normal activity in 2016. The Australian basin recorded its least active season since the beginning of the satellite era in 1970. Overall, four tropical cyclones reached the Saffir-Simpson category 5 intensity level. The strong El Nino at the beginning of the year that transitioned to a weak La Nina contributed to enhanced precipitation variability around the world. Wet conditions were observed throughout the year across southern South America, causing repeated heavy flooding in Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Wetter-than-usual conditions were also observed for eastern Europe and central Asia, alleviating the drought conditions of 2014 and 2015 in southern Russia. In the United States, California had its first wetter-than-average year since 2012, after being plagued by drought for several years. Even so, the area covered by drought in 2016 at the global scale was among the largest in the post-1950 record. For each month, at least 12% of land surfaces experienced severe drought conditions or worse, the longest such stretch in the record. In northeastern Brazil, drought conditions were observed for the fifth consecutive year, making this the longest drought on record in the region. Dry conditions were also observed in western Bolivia and Peru; it was Bolivia's worst drought in the past 25 years. In May, with abnormally warm and dry conditions already prevailing over western Canada for about a year, the human-induced Fort McMurray wildfire burned nearly 590000 hectares and became the costliest disaster in Canadian history, with $3 billion (U.S. dollars) in insured losses.
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- 2017
19. State of the climate in 2015
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Aaron-Morrison, A.P., Ackerman, S.A., Adams, N.G., Adler, R.F., Albanil, A., Alfaro, E.J., Allan, R., Alves, L.M., Amador, J.A., Andreassen, L.M., Arendt, A., Arévalo, J., Arndt, D.S., Arzhanova, N.M., Aschan, M.M., Azorin-Molina, C., Banzon, V., Bardin, M.U., Barichivich, J., Baringer, M.O., Barreira, S., Baxter, S., Bazo, J., Becker, A., Bedka, K.M., Behrenfeld, M.J., Bell, G.D., Belmont, M., Benedetti, A., Bernhard, G., Berrisford, P., Berry, D.I., Bettolli, M.L., Bhatt, U.S., Bidegain, M., Bill, B.D., Billheimer, S., Bissolli, P., Blake, E.S., Blunden, J., Bosilovich, M.G., Boucher, O., Boudet, D., Box, J.E., Boyer, T., Braathen, G.O., Bromwich, D.H., Brown, R., Bulygina, O.N., Burgess, D., Calderón, B., Camargo, S.J., Campbell, J.D., Cappelen, J., Carrasco, G., Carter, B.R., Chambers, D.P., Chandler, E., Christiansen, H.H., Christy, J.R., Chung, D., Chung, E.-S., Cinque, K., Clem, K.R., Coelho, C.A., Cogley, J.G., Coldewey-Egbers, M., Colwell, S., Cooper, O.R., Copland, L., Cosca, C.E., Cross, J.N., Crotwell, M.J., Crouch, J., Davis, S.M., De Eyto, E., De Jeu, R.A.M., De Laat, J., Degasperi, C.L., Degenstein, D., Demircan, M., Derksen, C., Destin, D., Di Girolamo, L., Di Giuseppe, F., Diamond, H.J., Dlugokencky, E.J., Dohan, K., Dokulil, M.T., Dolgov, A.V., Dolman, A.J., Domingues, C.M., Donat, M.G., Dong, S., Dorigo, W.A., Dortch, Q., Doucette, G., Drozdov, D.S., Ducklow, H., Dunn, R.J.H., Durán-Quesada, A.M., Dutton, G.S., Ebrahim, A., Elkharrim, M., Elkins, J.W., Espinoza, J.C., Etienne-Leblanc, S., Evans, T.E., Famiglietti, J.S., Farrell, S., Fateh, S., Fausto, R.S., Fedaeff, N., Feely, R.A., Feng, Z., Fenimore, C., Fettweis, X., Fioletov, V.E., Flemming, J., Fogarty, C.T., Fogt, R.L., Folland, C., Fonseca, C., Fossheim, M., Foster, M.J., Fountain, A., Francis, S.D., Franz, B.A., Frey, R.A., Frith, S.M., Froidevaux, L., Ganter, C., Garzoli, S., Gerland, S., Gobron, N., Goldenberg, S.B., Gomez, R.S., Goni, G., Goto, A., Grooß, J.-U., Gruber, A., Guard, C.C., Gugliemin, M., Gupta, Somil, Gutiérrez, J.M., Hagos, S., Hahn, S., Haimberger, L., Hakkarainen, J., Hall, B.D., Halpert, M.S., Hamlington, B.D., Hanna, E., Hansen, K., Hanssen-Bauer, I., Harris, I., Heidinger, A.K., Heikkilä, A., Heil, A., Heim, R.R., Hendricks, S., Hernández, M., Hidalgo, H.G., Hilburn, K., Ho, S.-P.B., Holmes, R.M., Hu, Z.-Z., Huang, B., Huelsing, H.K., Huffman, G.J., Hughes, C., Hurst, D.F., Ialongo, I., Ijampy, J.A., Ingvaldsen, R.B., Inness, A., Isaksen, K., Ishii, M., Jevrejeva, S., Jiménez, C., Jin, X., Johannesen, E., John, V., Johnsen, B., Johnson, B., Johnson, G.C., Jones, P.D., Joseph, A.C., Jumaux, G., Kabidi, K., Kaiser, J.W., Kato, S., Kazemi, A., Keller, L.M., Kendon, M., Kennedy, J., Kerr, K., Kholodov, A.L., Khoshkam, M., Killick, R., Kim, H., Kim, S.-J., Kimberlain, T.B., Klotzbach, P.J., Knaff, J.A., Kobayashi, S., Kohler, J., Korhonen, J., Korshunova, N.N., Kovacs, K.M., Kramarova, N., Kratz, D.P., Kruger, A., Kruk, M.C., Kudela, R., Kumar, A., Lakatos, M., Lakkala, K., Lander, M.A., Landsea, C.W., Lankhorst, M., Lantz, K., Lazzara, M.A., Lemons, P., Leuliette, E., L’Heureux, M., Lieser, J.L., Lin, I.-I., Liu, H., Liu, Y., Locarnini, R., Loeb, N.G., Lo Monaco, C., Long, C.S., López Álvarez, L.A., Lorrey, A.M., Loyola, D., Lumpkin, R., Luo, J.-J., Luojus, K., Lydersen, C., Lyman, J.M., Maberly, S.C., Maddux, B.C., Malheiros Ramos, A., Malkova, G.V., Manney, G., Marcellin, V., Marchenko, S.S., Marengo, J.A., Marra, J.J., Marszelewski, W., Martens, B., Martínez-Güingla, R., Massom, R.A., Mata, M.M., Mathis, J.T., May, L., Mayer, M., Mazloff, M., McBride, C., McCabe, M.F., McCarthy, M., McClelland, J.W., McGree, S., McVicar, T.R., Mears, C.A., Meier, W., Meinen, C.S., Mekonnen, A., Menéndez, M., Mengistu Tsidu, G., Menzel, W.P., Merchant, C.J., Meredith, M.P., Merrifield, M.A., Metzl, N., Minnis, P., Miralles, D.G., Mistelbauer, T., Mitchum, G.T., Monselesan, D., Monteiro, P., Montzka, S.A., Morice, C., Mote, T., Mudryk, L., Mühle, J., Mullan, A.B., Nash, E.R., Naveira-Garabato, A.C., Nerem, R.S., Newman, P.A., Nieto, J.J., Noetzli, J., O’Neel, S., Osborn, T.J., Overland, J., Oyunjargal, L., Parinussa, R.M., Park, E.-H., Parker, D., Parrington, M., Parsons, A.R., Pasch, R.J., Pascual-Ramírez, R., Paterson, A.M., Paulik, C., Pearce, P.R., Pelto, M.S., Peng, L., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S.E., Perovich, D., Petropavlovskikh, I., Pezza, A.B., Phillips, D., Pinty, B., Pitts, M.C., Pons, M.R., Porter, A.O., Primicerio, R., Proshutinsky, A., Quegan, S., Quintana, J., Rahimzadeh, F., Rajeevan, M., Randriamarolaza, L., Razuvaev, V.N., Reagan, J., Reid, P., Reimer, C., Rémy, S., Renwick, J.A., Revadekar, J.V., Richter-Menge, J., Riffler, M., Rimmer, A., Rintoul, S., Robinson, D.A., Rodell, M., Rodríguez Solís, J.L., Romanovsky, V.E., Ronchail, J., Rosenlof, K.H., Roth, C., Rusak, J.A., Sabine, C.L., Sallée, J.-B., Sánchez-Lugo, A., Santee, M.L., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayouri, A., Scambos, T.A., Schemm, J., Schladow, S.G., Schmid, C., Schmid, M., Schmidtko, S., Schreck, C.J., Selkirk, H.B., Send, U., Sensoy, S., Setzer, A., Sharp, M., Shaw, A., Shi, L., Shiklomanov, A.I., Shiklomanov, N.I., Siegel, D.A., Signorini, S.R., Sima, F., Simmons, A.J., Smeets, C.J.P.P., Smith, S.L., Spence, J.M., Srivastava, A.K., Stackhouse, P.W., Stammerjohn, S., Steinbrecht, W., Stella, J.L., Stengel, M., Stennett-Brown, R., Stephenson, T.S., Strahan, S., Streletskiy, D.A., Sun-Mack, S., Swart, S., Sweet, W., Talley, L.D., Tamar, G., Tank, S.E., Taylor, M.A., Tedesco, M., Teubner, K., Thoman, R.L., Thompson, P., Thomson, L., Timmermans, M.-L., Tirnanes, J.A., Tobin, S., Trachte, K., Trainer, V.L., Tretiakov, M., Trewin, B.C., Trotman, A.R., Tschudi, M., Van As, D., Van De Wal, R.S.W., van der A., R.J., Van Der Schalie, R., Van Der Schrier, G., Van Der Werf, G.R., Van Meerbeeck, C.J., Velicogna, I., Verburg, P., Vigneswaran, B., Vincent, L.A., Volkov, D., Vose, R.S., Wagner, W., Wåhlin, A., Wahr, J., Walsh, J., Wang, C., Wang, J., Wang, L., Wang, M., Wang, S.-H., Wanninkhof, R., Watanabe, S., Weber, M., Weller, R.A., Weyhenmeyer, G.A., Whitewood, R., Wijffels, S.E., Wilber, A.C., Wild, J.D., Willett, K.M., Williams, M.J.M., Willie, S., Wolken, G., Wong, T., Wood, E.F., Woolway, R.I., Wouters, B., Xue, Y., Yamada, R., Yim, S.-Y., Yin, X., Young, S.H., Yu, L., Zahid, H., Zambrano, E., Zhang, P., Zhao, G., Zhou, L., Ziemke, J.R., Love-Brotak, S.E., Gilbert, K., Maycock, T., Osborne, S., Sprain, M., Veasey, S.W., Ambrose, B.J., Griffin, J., Misch, D.J., Riddle, D.B., Young, T., Marine and Atmospheric Research, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Sub Soft Condensed Matter, Sub Molecular Microbiology, Sub Physics of devices begr 1/1/17, LS Logica en grondslagen v.d. wiskunde, Sub SIM overig, Zonder bezoldiging NED, Sub General Pharmaceutics, Sub Algemeen Artificial Intelligence, Dynamics of Innovation Systems, Leerstoel Tubergen, Sub Chemical pharmacology, Hafd Faculteitsbureau GW, Sub IER overig, Sub Gen. Pharmacoepi and Clinical Pharm, LS Pharma, Dep IRAS, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Governance, Bureau AW, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Sub Soft Condensed Matter, Sub Molecular Microbiology, Sub Physics of devices begr 1/1/17, LS Logica en grondslagen v.d. wiskunde, Sub SIM overig, Zonder bezoldiging NED, Sub General Pharmaceutics, Sub Algemeen Artificial Intelligence, Dynamics of Innovation Systems, Leerstoel Tubergen, Sub Chemical pharmacology, Hafd Faculteitsbureau GW, Sub IER overig, Sub Gen. Pharmacoepi and Clinical Pharm, LS Pharma, Dep IRAS, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Governance, Bureau AW, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Earth and Climate, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, and Climate Change and Landscape Dynamics
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Surface (mathematics) ,Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Mineralogy ,02 engineering and technology ,15. Life on land ,01 natural sciences ,020801 environmental engineering ,13. Climate action ,F331 Atmospheric Physics ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
SxviAUGUST 2016|ABSTRACT—J. BLUNDEN AND D. S. ARNDTIn 2015, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth’s atmosphere—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all continued to reach new high levels. At Mauna Loa, Hawaii, the annual CO2 concentration increased by a record 3.1 ppm, exceeding 400 ppm for the first time on record. The 2015 global CO2 average neared this threshold, at 399.4 ppm. Additionally, one of the strongest El Niño events since at least 1950 developed in spring 2015 and continued to evolve through the year. The phenomenon was far reaching, impacting many regions across the globe and affecting most aspects of the climate system.Owing to the combination of El Niño and a long-term up-ward trend, Earth observed record warmth for the second con-secutive year, with the 2015 annual global surface temperature surpassing the previous record by more than 0.1°C and exceed-ing the average for the mid- to late 19th century—commonly considered representative of preindustrial conditions—by more than 1°C for the first time. Above Earth’s surface, lower troposphere temperatures were near-record high.Across land surfaces, record to near-record warmth was reported across every inhabited continent. Twelve countries, including Russia and China, reported record high annual tem-peratures. In June, one of the most severe heat waves since 1980 affected Karachi, Pakistan, claiming over 1000 lives. On 27 October, Vredendal, South Africa, reached 48.4°C, a new global high temperature record for this month. In the Arctic, the 2015 land surface temperature was 1.2°C above the 1981–2010 average, tying 2007 and 2011 for the high-est annual temperature and representing a 2.8°C increase since the record began in 1900. Increasing temperatures have led to decreasing Arctic sea ice extent and thickness. On 25 February 2015, the lowest maximum sea ice extent in the 37-year satel-lite record was observed, 7% below the 1981–2010 average. Mean sea surface temperatures across the Arctic Ocean dur-ing August in ice-free regions, representative of Arctic Ocean summer anomalies, ranged from ~0°C to 8°C above average. As a consequence of sea ice retreat and warming oceans, vast walrus herds in the Pacific Arctic are hauling out on land rather than on sea ice, raising concern about the energetics of females and young animals. Increasing temperatures in the Barents Sea are linked to a community-wide shift in fish populations: boreal communities are now farther north, and long-standing Arctic species have been almost pushed out of the area.Above average sea surface temperatures are not confined to the Arctic. Sea surface temperature for 2015 was record high at the global scale; however, the North Atlantic southeast of Greenland remained colder than average and colder than 2014. Global annual ocean heat content and mean sea level also reached new record highs. The Greenland Ice Sheet, with the capacity to contribute ~7 m to sea level rise, experienced melting over more than 50% of its surface for the first time since the record melt of 2012.Other aspects of the cryosphere were remarkable. Alpine glacier retreat continued, and preliminary data indicate that 2015 is the 36th consecutive year of negative annual mass balance. Across the Northern Hemisphere, late-spring snow cover extent continued its trend of decline, with June the sec-ond lowest in the 49-year satellite record. Below the surface, record high temperatures at 20-m depth were measured at all permafrost observatories on the North Slope of Alaska, increasing by up to 0.66°C decade–1 since 2000. In the Antarctic, surface pressure and temperatures were lower than the 1981–2010 average for most of the year, consis-tent with the primarily positive southern annular mode, which saw a record high index value of +4.92 in February. Antarctic sea ice extent and area had large intra-annual variability, with a shift from record high levels in May to record low levels in August. Springtime ozone depletion resulted in one of the largest and most persistent Antarctic ozone holes observed since the 1990s.Closer to the equator, 101 named tropical storms were observed in 2015, well above the 1981–2010 average of 82. The eastern/central Pacific had 26 named storms, the most since 1992. The western north Pacific and north and south Indian Ocean basins also saw high activity. Globally, eight tropical cyclones reached the Saffir–Simpson Category 5 intensity level.Overlaying a general increase in the hydrologic cycle, the strong El Niño enhanced precipitation variability around the world. An above-normal rainy season led to major floods in Paraguay, Bolivia, and southern Brazil. In May, the United States recorded its all-time wettest month in its 121-year national record. Denmark and Norway reported their second and third wettest year on record, respectively, but globally soil moisture was below average, terrestrial groundwater storage was the lowest in the 14-year record, and areas in “severe” drought rose from 8% in 2014 to 14% in 2015. Drought conditions prevailed across many Caribbean island nations, Colombia, Venezuela, and northeast Brazil for most of the year. Several South Pacific countries also experienced drought. Lack of rainfall across Ethiopia led to its worst drought in decades and affected millions of people, while prolonged drought in South Africa severely affected agricultural production. Indian summer monsoon rainfall was just 86% of average. Extremely dry conditions in Indonesia resulted in intense and widespread fires during August–November that produced abundant car-bonaceous aerosols, carbon monoxide, and ozone. Overall, emissions from tropical Asian biomass burning in 2015 were almost three times the 2001–14 average.
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20. Estimation of near-surface air temperature lapse rates over continental Spain and its mountain areas
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Navarro-Serrano, F., primary, López-Moreno, J. I., additional, Azorin-Molina, C., additional, Alonso-González, E., additional, Tomás-Burguera, M., additional, Sanmiguel-Vallelado, A., additional, Revuelto, J., additional, and Vicente-Serrano, S. M., additional
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- 2018
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21. The complex influence of ENSO on droughts in Ecuador
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Vicente-Serrano, S. M., primary, Aguilar, E., additional, Martínez, R., additional, Martín-Hernández, N., additional, Azorin-Molina, C., additional, Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., additional, El Kenawy, A., additional, Tomás-Burguera, M., additional, Moran-Tejeda, E., additional, López-Moreno, J. I., additional, Revuelto, J., additional, Beguería, S., additional, Nieto, J. J., additional, Drumond, A., additional, Gimeno, L., additional, and Nieto, R., additional
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- 2016
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22. Recent changes and drivers of the atmospheric evaporative demand in the Canary Islands
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Vicente-Serrano, S. M., primary, Azorin-Molina, C., additional, Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., additional, El Kenawy, A., additional, Martín-Hernández, N., additional, Peña-Gallardo, M., additional, Beguería, S., additional, and Tomas-Burguera, M., additional
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- 2016
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23. The impact of road and railway embankments on runoff and soil erosion in eastern Spain
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Pereira, P., primary, Gimeìnez-Morera, A., additional, Novara, A., additional, Keesstra, S., additional, Jordán, A., additional, Masto, R. E., additional, Brevik, E., additional, Azorin-Molina, C., additional, and Cerdà, A., additional
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- 2015
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24. Recent temperature variability and change in the Altiplano of Bolivia and Peru
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López-Moreno, J. I., primary, Morán-Tejeda, E., additional, Vicente-Serrano, S. M., additional, Bazo, J., additional, Azorin-Molina, C., additional, Revuelto, J., additional, Sánchez-Lorenzo, A., additional, Navarro-Serrano, F., additional, Aguilar, E., additional, and Chura, O., additional
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- 2015
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25. Canopy influence on snow depth distribution in a pine stand determined from terrestrial laser data
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Revuelto, J., primary, López-Moreno, J. I., additional, Azorin-Molina, C., additional, and Vicente-Serrano, S. M., additional
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- 2015
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26. Average monthly and annual climate maps for Bolivia
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Vicente-Serrano, S.M., primary, El Kenawy, A., additional, Azorin-Molina, C., additional, Chura, O., additional, Trujillo, F., additional, Aguilar, E., additional, Martín-Hernández, N., additional, López-Moreno, J.I., additional, Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., additional, Moran-Tejeda, E., additional, Revuelto, J., additional, Ycaza, P., additional, and Friend, F., additional
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- 2015
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27. Spatio-temporal variability of droughts in Bolivia: 1955-2012
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Vicente-Serrano, S. M., primary, Chura, O., additional, López-Moreno, J. I., additional, Azorin-Molina, C., additional, Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., additional, Aguilar, E., additional, Moran-Tejeda, E., additional, Trujillo, F., additional, Martínez, R., additional, and Nieto, J. J., additional
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- 2014
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28. Topographic control of snowpack distribution in a small catchment in the central Spanish Pyrenees: intra- and inter-annual persistence
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Revuelto, J., primary, López-Moreno, J. I., additional, Azorin-Molina, C., additional, and Vicente-Serrano, S. M., additional
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- 2014
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29. Impact of climate and land use change on water availability and reservoir management: Scenarios in the Upper Aragón River, Spanish Pyrenees
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López-Moreno, J.I., primary, Zabalza, J., additional, Vicente-Serrano, S.M., additional, Revuelto, J., additional, Gilaberte, M., additional, Azorin-Molina, C., additional, Morán-Tejeda, E., additional, García-Ruiz, J.M., additional, and Tague, C., additional
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- 2014
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30. The complex influence of ENSO on droughts in Ecuador.
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Vicente-Serrano, S., Aguilar, E., Martínez, R., Martín-Hernández, N., Azorin-Molina, C., Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., El Kenawy, A., Tomás-Burguera, M., Moran-Tejeda, E., López-Moreno, J., Revuelto, J., Beguería, S., Nieto, J., Drumond, A., Gimeno, L., and Nieto, R.
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DROUGHTS & the environment ,SOUTHERN oscillation ,EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ,ATMOSPHERIC circulation ,METEOROLOGICAL precipitation - Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the spatio-temporal variability of droughts in Ecuador for a 48-year period (1965-2012). Droughts were quantified from 22 high-quality and homogenized time series of precipitation and air temperature by means of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index. In addition, the propagation of two different ENSO indices (El Niño 3.4 and El Niño 1 + 2 indices) and other atmospheric circulation processes (e.g., vertical velocity) on different time-scales of drought severity were investigated. The results showed a very complex influence of ENSO on drought behavior across Ecuador, with two regional patterns in the evolution of droughts: (1) the Andean chain with no changes in drought severity, and (2) the Western plains with less severe and frequent droughts. We also detected that drought variability in the Andes mountains is explained by the El Niño 3.4 index [sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the central Pacific], whereas the Western plains are much more driven by El Niño 1 + 2 index (SST anomalies in the eastern Pacific). Moreover, it was also observed that El Niño and La Niña phases enhance droughts in the Andes and Western plains regions, respectively. The results of this work could be crucial for predicting and monitoring drought variability and intensity in Ecuador. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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31. The signal of aerosol-induced changes in sunshine duration records: A review of the evidence
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Sanchez-Romero, A., primary, Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., additional, Calbó, J., additional, González, J. A., additional, and Azorin-Molina, C., additional
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- 2014
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32. Mapping the annual evolution of snow depth in a small catchment in the Pyrenees using the long-range terrestrial laser scanning
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Revuelto, J., primary, López-Moreno, J.I., additional, Azorin-Molina, C., additional, Zabalza, J., additional, Arguedas, G., additional, and Vicente-Serrano, S.M., additional
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- 2014
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33. New insights into the history of the Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder
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Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., primary, Calbó, J., additional, Wild, M., additional, Azorin-Molina, C., additional, and Sanchez-Romero, A., additional
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- 2013
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34. Hydrological response to climate variability at different time scales: A study in the Ebro basin
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López-Moreno, J.I., primary, Vicente-Serrano, S.M., additional, Zabalza, J., additional, Beguería, S., additional, Lorenzo-Lacruz, J., additional, Azorin-Molina, C., additional, and Morán-Tejeda, E., additional
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- 2013
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35. Recent temperature variability and change in the Altiplano of Bolivia and Peru.
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López‐Moreno, J. I., Morán‐Tejeda, E., Vicente‐Serrano, S. M., Bazo, J., Azorin‐Molina, C., Revuelto, J., Sánchez‐Lorenzo, A., Navarro‐Serrano, F., Aguilar, E., and Chura, O.
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CLIMATE change ,CLIMATOLOGY ,ATMOSPHERIC pressure measurement ,SEASONS ,METEOROLOGICAL research ,MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
ABSTRACT This work analysed the changes in air temperature in 25 meteorological stations in the Altiplano and the surrounding Andean slopes of Bolivia and Peru, and their relationship with El Niño-Southern Oscillation ( SO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation ( PDO). The analysis focused on annual, warm season ( DJF) and cold season ( JJA) maximum and minimum temperatures. All analyses were undertaken during 1965-2012, but some analyses were also from 1945 and 1955 when data were available. Principal component analysis was applied to the annual and seasonal series to identify spatial differences of changes in maximum and minimum air temperature. There was an overall increase of temperatures since the mid-20th century. The most intense and spatially coherent warming was observed for annual and warm season maximum temperature, with warming rates from 0.15 to 0.25 °C decade
−1 . Changes in the cold season maximum temperature were more heterogeneous, and statistically significant trends were mostly in the Bolivian Altiplano. Minimum temperatures increased, but there was higher spatial variability and lower rates of warming. Maximum temperature was negatively correlated with the Southern Oscillation index ( SO) in the warm season, and positively correlated with the SO in the cold season; there were less statistically significant correlations with the PDO, that exhibited inverse sign than those for SO. The strongest correlations were in the region near Lake Titicaca. The negative correlation of minimum temperatures with SO and the positive correlation of minimum temperatures with PDO were lower than the observed for maximum temperature. The changes in temperature and correlations with SO and PDO were highly dependent on the selected period, with stronger trends in the last 30-40 years. This suggests reinforcement of warming rates that cannot be only explained by SO and PDO variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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36. Average monthly and annual climate maps for Bolivia.
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Vicente-Serrano, S.M., El Kenawy, A., Azorin-Molina, C., Chura, O., Trujillo, F., Aguilar, E., Martín-Hernández, N., López-Moreno, J.I., Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., Moran-Tejeda, E., Revuelto, J., Ycaza, P., and Friend, F.
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METEOROLOGICAL charts ,METEOROLOGICAL precipitation ,WATER balance (Hydrology) - Abstract
This study presents monthly and annual climate maps for relevant hydroclimatic variables in Bolivia. We used the most complete network of precipitation and temperature stations available in Bolivia, which passed a careful quality control and temporal homogenization procedure. Monthly average maps at the spatial resolution of 1 km were modeled by means of a regression-based approach using topographic and geographic variables as predictors. The monthly average maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation and potential exoatmospheric solar radiation under clear sky conditions are used to estimate the monthly average atmospheric evaporative demand by means of the Hargreaves model. Finally, the average water balance is estimated on a monthly and annual scale for each 1 km cell by means of the difference between precipitation and atmospheric evaporative demand. The digital layers used to create the maps are available in the digital repository of the Spanish National Research Council. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2016
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37. Recent changes and drivers of the atmospheric evaporative demand in the Canary Islands.
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Vicente-Serrano, S. M., Azorin-Molina, C., Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., Kenawy, A. El, Martín-Hernández, N., Peña-Gallardo, M., Beguería, S., and Tomas-Burguera, M.
- Abstract
We analysed recent evolution and meteorological drivers of the atmospheric evaporative demand (AED) in the Canary Islands for the period 1961-2013. We employed long and high quality time series of meteorological variables to analyze current AED changes in this region and found that AED has increased during the investigated period. Overall, the annual ETo increased significantly by 18.2 mm decade
-1 on average, with a stronger trend in summer (6.7 mm decade-1 ). The radiative component showed much lower temporal variability than the aerodynamic component did. Thus, more than 90% of the observed ETo variability at the seasonal and annual scales can be associated with the variability of the aerodynamic component. The variable that recorded more significant changes in the Canary Islands was relative humidity, and among the different meteorological factors used to calculate ETo, relative humidity was the main driver of the observed ETo trends. The observed trend could have negative consequences in a number of water-depending sectors if it continues in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. The impact of road and railway embankments on runoff and soil erosion in eastern Spain.
- Author
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Pereira, P., Gimeìnez-Morera, A., Novara, A., Keesstra, S., Jordán, A., Masto, R. E., Brevik, E., Azorin-Molina, C., and Cerdà, A.
- Abstract
Road and railway infrastructure increased in the Mediterranean region during the last three decades. This included the building of embankments, which are assumed to be a~large source of sediments and runoff. However, little is known about soil erosion rates, the factors that control them, and the processes that contribute to detachment, transport and deposition of sediments from road and railway embankments. The objective of this study was therefore to assess the impacts of road and railway embankments as a source of sediment and water, and compare them to other land use types (citrus plantations and shrublands) representative of the Cànyoles watershed to evaluate the importance of road embankments as a~source of water and sediment under high magnitude low frequency rainfall events. Sixty rainfall experiments (1 m² plots; 60 min duration; 78 mm h
-1 rainfall intensity) were carried out on these land use types: 20 on two railway embankments (10 + 10), 20 on two road embankments (10 + 10), and 10 on citrus and 10 on shrubland. Road and railway embankments were characterized by bare soils with low organic matter and high bulk density. Erosion processes were more active in road, railway and citrus plots, and null in the shrublands. The non-sustainable soil erosion rates of 3 Mg ha-1 y-1 measured on the road embankments were due to the efficient runoff connectivity plus low infiltration rates within the plot as the runoff took less than one minute to reach the runoff outlet. Road and railway embankments are both an active source of sediments and runoff, and soil erosion control strategies must be applied. The citrus plantations also act as a~source of water and sediments (1.5 Mg ha-1 y-1 ), while shrublands are sediment sinks, as no overland flow was observed due to the high infiltration rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Spatio-temporal variability of droughts in Bolivia: 1955-2012.
- Author
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Vicente‐Serrano, S. M., Chura, O., López‐Moreno, J. I., Azorin‐Molina, C., Sanchez‐Lorenzo, A., Aguilar, E., Moran‐Tejeda, E., Trujillo, F., Martínez, R., and Nieto, J. J.
- Subjects
DROUGHTS ,RAINFALL ,METEOROLOGICAL precipitation ,HYDROLOGIC cycle - Abstract
ABSTRACT In this study, the spatio-temporal variability and trends of droughts across Bolivia between 1955 and 2012 were investigated using two climate drought indices: the Standardized Precipitation Index ( SPI), which is based on precipitation data, and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index ( SPEI), which is based on the difference between the precipitation and the reference evapotranspiration ( ETo). We found that the average drought conditions across the country showed a temporal behaviour mainly characterized by decadal variations. The spatial pattern of drought evolution showed marked differences between the Amazonian region and the Bolivian Altiplano. Both regions showed different drought periods, a lower frequency of drought variability in the Amazon region and trends towards drier conditions in the Altiplano, mainly due to a higher atmospheric water demand as a consequence of increased ETo. We also showed that inclusion of ETo, obtained from maximum and minimum temperature records, increased the spatial heterogeneity of the drought evolution in relation to the evolution observed when only precipitation droughts were considered. The SPEI, the calculation of which includes precipitation and ETo, indicated intensification in drought severity in the last years analysed relative to the pattern found when precipitation droughts alone were considered, and also indicated an increase in the magnitude and duration of drought events. The potential for increasing drought conditions under various climate change scenarios is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. A climatological study of the influence of synoptic-scale flows on sea breeze evolution in the Bay of Alicante (Spain)
- Author
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Azorin-Molina, C., primary and Chen, D., additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. SURFACE WINDS.
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Dunn, R. J. H., Azorin-Molina, C., Mears, C. A., Berrisford, P., and McVicar, T. R.
- Subjects
- *
WIND speed measurement , *CLIMATE change , *LAND surface temperature , *CLIMATOLOGY observations , *WEATHER - Abstract
The article offers information on high surface wind speeds revealed by observational datasets in 2015. Topics mentioned include the global average anomaly from the climatology between 1981-2010, the negative long-term trends of wind speed observed in land surface between 1979-2015, and the use of the global HadlSD and Australian datasets and the ERA-Interim reanalysis to examine the spatial and temporal variability of winds.
- Published
- 2016
42. State of the climate in 2017
- Author
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Abernethy, R., Ackerman, S. A., Adler, R., Albanil Encarnación, A., Aldeco, L. S., Alfaro, E. J., Aliaga-Nestares, V., Allan, R. P., Allan, R., Alves, L. M., Amador, J. A., Anderson, J., Andreassen, L. M., Argüez, A., Armitage, C., Arndt, D. S., Avalos, G., Azorin-Molina, C., Báez, J., Bardin, M. Yu, Barichivich, J., Baringer, M. O., Barreira, S., Baxter, S., Beck, H. E., Becker, A., Bedka, K. M., Behe, C., Bell, G. D., Bellouin, N., Belmont, M., Benedetti, A., Bernhard, G. H., Berrisford, P., Berry, D. I., Bhatt, U. S., Bissolli, P., Bjerke, J., Blake, E. S., Blenkinsop, S., Blunden, J., Bolmgren, K., Bosilovich, M. G., Boucher, O., Bouchon, M., Box, J. E., Boyer, T., Braathen, G. O., Bromwich, D. H., Brown, R., Buehler, S., Bulygina, O. N., Burgess, D., Calderón, B., Camargo, S. J., Campbell, E. C., Campbell, J. D., Cappelen, J., Carrea, L., Carter, B. R., Castro, A., Chambers, D. P., lijing cheng, Christiansen, H. H., Christy, J. R., Chung, E. -S, Clem, K. R., Coelho, C. A. S., Coldewey-Egbers, M., Colwell, S., Cooper, O. R., Copland, L., Costanza, C., Covey, C., Coy, L., Cronin, T., Crouch, J., Cruzado, L., Daniel, R., Davis, S. M., Davletshin, S. G., Eyto, E., Jeu, R. A. M., La Cour, J. L., Laat, J., Gasperi, C. L., Degenstein, D., Deline, P., Demircan, M., Derksen, C., Dewitte, B., Dhurmea, R., Di Girolamo, L., Diamond, H. J., Dickerson, C., Dlugokencky, E. J., Dohan, K., Dokulil, M. T., Dolman, A. J., Domingues, C. M., Domingues, R., Donat, M. G., Dong, S., Dorigo, W. A., Drozdov, D. S., Dunn, R. J. H., Durre, I., Dutton, G. S., Eakin, C. M., El Kharrim, M., Elkins, J. W., Epstein, H. E., Espinoza, J. C., Famiglietti, J. S., Farmer, J., Farrell, S., Fauchald, P., Fausto, R. S., Feely, R. A., Feng, Z., Fenimore, C., Fettweis, X., Fioletov, V. E., Flemming, J., Fogt, R. L., Folland, C., Forbes, B. C., Foster, M. J., Francis, S. D., Franz, B. A., Frey, R. A., Frith, S. M., Froidevaux, L., Ganter, C., Geiger, E. F., Gerland, S., Gilson, J., Gobron, N., Goldenberg, S. B., Gomez, A. M., Goni, G., Grooß, J. U., Gruber, A., Guard, C. P., Gugliemin, M., Gupta, S. K., Gutiérrez, D., Haas, C., Hagos, S., Hahn, S., Haimberger, L., Hall, B. D., Halpert, M. S., Hamlington, B. D., Hanna, E., Hansen, K., Hanssen-Bauer, L., Harris, I., Hartfield, G., Heidinger, A. K., Heim, R. R., Helfrich, S., Hemming, D. L., Hendricks, S., Hernández, R., Hernández, S. M., Heron, S. F., Heuzé, C., Hidalgo, H. G., Ho, S. -P, Hobbs, W. R., Horstkotte, T., Huang, B., Hubert, D., Hueuzé, C., Hurst, D. F., Ialongo, I., Ibrahim, M. M., Ijampy, J. A., Inness, A., Isaac, V., Isaksen, K., Ishii, M., Jacobs, S. J., Jeffries, M. O., Jevrejeva, S., Jiménez, C., Jin, X., John, V., Johns, W. E., Johnsen, B., Johnson, B., Johnson, G. C., Johnson, K. S., Jones, P. D., Jumaux, G., Kabidi, K., Kaiser, J. W., Karaköylü, E. M., Kato, S., Kazemi, A., Keller, L. M., Kennedy, J., Kerr, K., Khan, M. S., Kholodov, A. L., Khoshkam, M., Killick, R., Kim, H., Kim, S. -J, Klotzbach, P. J., Knaff, J. A., Kohler, J., Korhonen, J., Korshunova, N. N., Kramarova, N., Kratz, D. P., Kruger, A., Kruk, M. C., Krumpen, T., Ladd, C., Lakatos, M., Lakkala, K., Lander, M. A., Landschützer, P., Landsea, C. W., Lankhorst, M., Lavado-Casimiro, W., Lazzara, M. A., Lee, S. -E, Lee, T. C., Leuliette, E., L Heureux, M., Li, T., Lieser, J. L., Lin, I. -I, Mears, C. A., Liu, G., Li, B., Liu, H., Locarnini, R., Loeb, N. G., Long, C. S., López, L. A., Lorrey, A. M., Loyola, D., Lumpkin, R., Luo, J. -J, Luojus, K., Luthcke, S., Macias-Fauria, M., Malkova, G. V., Manney, G. L., Marcellin, V., Marchenko, S. S., Marengo, J. A., Marín, D., Marra, J. J., Marszelewski, W., Martens, B., Martin, A., Martínez, A. G., Martínez-Güingla, R., Martínez-Sánchez, O., Marsh, B. L., Lyman, J. M., Massom, R. A., May, L., Mayer, M., Mazloff, M., Mcbride, C., Mccabe, M. F., Mccarthy, M., Meier, W., Meijers, A. J. S., Mekonnen, A., Mengistu Tsidu, G., Menzel, W. P., Merchant, C. J., Meredith, M. P., Merrifield, M. A., Miller, B., Miralles, D. G., Mitchum, G. T., Mitro, S., Moat, B., Mochizuki, Y., Monselesan, D., Montzka, S. A., Mora, N., Morice, C., Mosquera-Vásquez, K., Mostafa, A. E., Mote, T., Mudryk, L., Mühle, J., Mullan, A. B., Müller, R., Myneni, R., Nash, E. R., Nerem, R. S., Newman, L., Newman, P. A., Nielsen-Gammon, J. W., Nieto, J. J., Noetzli, J., Noll, B. E., O Neel, S., Osborn, T. J., Osborne, E., Overland, J., Oyunjargal, L., Park, T., Pasch, R. J., Pascual-Ramírez, R., Pastor Saavedra, M. A., Paterson, A. M., Paulik, C., Pearce, P. R., Peltier, A., Pelto, M. S., Peng, L., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S. E., Perovich, D., Petropavlovskikh, I., Pezza, A. B., Phillips, C., Phillips, D., Phoenix, G., Pinty, B., Pinzon, J., Po-Chedley, S., Polashenski, C., Purkey, S. G., Quispe, N., Rajeevan, M., Rakotoarimalala, C., Rayner, D., Raynolds, M. K., Reagan, J., Reid, P., Reimer, C., Rémy, S., Revadekar, J. V., Richardson, A. D., Richter-Menge, J., Ricker, R., Rimmer, A., Robinson, D. A., Rodell, M., Rodriguez Camino, E., Romanovsky, V. E., Ronchail, J., Rosenlof, K. H., Rösner, B., Roth, C., Roth, D. M., Rusak, J. A., Rutishäuser, T., Sallée, J. -B, Sánchez-Lugo, A., Santee, M. L., Sasgen, L., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayad, T. A., Sayouri, A., Scambos, T. A., Scanlon, T., Schenzinger, V., Schladow, S. G., Schmid, C., Schmid, M., Schreck, C. J., Selkirk, H. B., Send, U., Sensoy, S., Sharp, M., Shi, L., Shiklomanov, N. I., Shimaraeva, S. V., Siegel, D. A., Silow, E., Sima, F., Simmons, A. J., Skirving, W. J., Smeed, D. A., Smeets, C. J. P. P., Smith, A., Smith, S. L., Soden, B., Sofieva, V., Sparks, T. H., Spence, J. M., Spillane, S., Srivastava, A. K., Stackhouse, P. W., Stammerjohn, S., Stanitski, D. M., Steinbrecht, W., Stella, J. L., Stengel, M., Stephenson, K., Stephenson, T. S., Strahan, S., Streletskiy, D. A., Strong, A. E., Sun-Mack, S., Sutton, A. J., Swart, S., Sweet, W., Takahashi, K. S., Tamar, G., Taylor, M. A., Tedesco, M., Thackeray, S. J., Thoman, R. L., Thompson, P., Thomson, L., Thorsteinsson, T., Timbal, B., Timmermans, M. -L, Timofeyev, M. A., Tirak, K. V., Tobin, S., Togawa, H., Tømmervik, H., Tourpali, K., Trachte, K., Trewin, B. C., Triñanes, J. A., Trotman, A. R., Tschudi, M., Tucker, C. J., Tye, M. R., As, D., Wal, R. S. W., Ronald, J. A., Schalie, R., Schrier, G., Werf, G. R., Meerbeeck, C. J., Velden, C. S., Velicogna, I., Verburg, P., Vickers, H., Vincent, L. A., Vömel, H., Vose, R. S., Wagner, W., Walker, D. A., Walsh, J., Wang, B., Wang, J., Wang, L., Wang, M., Wang, R., Wang, S. -H, Wanninkhof, R., Watanabe, S., Weber, M., Webster, M., Weller, R. A., Westberry, T. K., Weyhenmeyer, G. A., Whitewood, R., Widlansky, M. J., Wiese, D. N., Wijffels, S. E., Wilber, A. C., Wild, J. D., Willett, K. M., Willis, J. K., Wolken, G., Wong, T., Wood, E. F., Wood, K., Woolway, R. I., Wouters, B., Xue, Y., Yin, X., Yoon, H., York, A., Yu, L., Zambrano, E., Zhang, H. -M, Zhang, P., Zhao, G., Zhao, L., Zhu, Z., Ziel, R., Ziemke, J. R., Ziese, M. G., Griffin, J., Hammer, G., Love-Brotak, S. E., Misch, D. J., Riddle, D. B., Slagle, M., Sprain, M., Veasey, S. W., and Mcvicar, T. R.
- Subjects
Meteor (satellite) ,Atmospheric Science ,Climate Research ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Climate change ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities ,Klimatforskning ,El Niño Southern Oscillation ,13. Climate action ,Climatology ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,Environmental science ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries) ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
In 2017, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere-carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-reached new record highs. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth's surface for 2017 was 405.0 ± 0.1 ppm, 2.2 ppm greater than for 2016 and the highest in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records dating back as far as 800 000 years. The global growth rate of CO2 has nearly quadrupled since the early 1960s. With ENSO-neutral conditions present in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean during most of the year and weak La Niña conditions notable at the start and end, the global temperature across land and ocean surfaces ranked as the second or third highest, depending on the dataset, since records began in the mid-to-late 1800s. Notably, it was the warmest non-El Niño year in the instrumental record. Above Earth's surface, the annual lower tropospheric temperature was also either second or third highest according to all datasets analyzed. The lower stratospheric temperature was about 0.2°C higher than the record cold temperature of 2016 according to most of the in situ and satellite datasets. Several countries, including Argentina, Uruguay, Spain, and Bulgaria, reported record high annual temperatures. Mexico broke its annual record for the fourth consecutive year. On 27 January, the temperature reached 43.4°C at Puerto Madryn, Argentina-the highest temperature recorded so far south (43°S) anywhere in the world. On 28 May in Turbat, western Pakistan, the high of 53.5°C tied Pakistan's all-time highest temperature and became the world-record highest temperature for May. In the Arctic, the 2017 land surface temperature was 1.6°C above the 1981-2010 average, the second highest since the record began in 1900, behind only 2016. The five highest annual Arctic temperatures have all occurred since 2007. Exceptionally high temperatures were observed in the permafrost across the Arctic, with record values reported in much of Alaska and northwestern Canada. In August, high sea surface temperature (SST) records were broken for the Chukchi Sea, with some regions as warm as +11°C, or 3° to 4°C warmer than the longterm mean (1982-present). According to paleoclimate studies, today's abnormally warm Arctic air and SSTs have not been observed in the last 2000 years. The increasing temperatures have led to decreasing Arctic sea ice extent and thickness. On 7 March, sea ice extent at the end of the growth season saw its lowest maximum in the 37-year satellite record, covering 8% less area than the 1981-2010 average. The Arctic sea ice minimum on 13 September was the eighth lowest on record and covered 25% less area than the long-term mean. Preliminary data indicate that glaciers across the world lost mass for the 38th consecutive year on record; the declines are remarkably consistent from region to region. Cumulatively since 1980, this loss is equivalent to slicing 22 meters off the top of the average glacier. Antarctic sea ice extent remained below average for all of 2017, with record lows during the first four months. Over the continent, the austral summer seasonal melt extent and melt index were the second highest since 2005, mostly due to strong positive anomalies of air temperature over most of the West Antarctic coast. In contrast, the East Antarctic Plateau saw record low mean temperatures in March. The year was also distinguished by the second smallest Antarctic ozone hole observed since 1988. Across the global oceans, the overall long-term SST warming trend remained strong. Although SST cooled slightly from 2016 to 2017, the last three years produced the three highest annual values observed; these high anomalies have been associated with widespread coral bleaching. The most recent global coral bleaching lasted three full years, June 2014 to May 2017, and was the longest, most widespread, and almost certainly most destructive such event on record. Global integrals of 0-700-m and 0-2000-m ocean heat content reached record highs in 2017, and global mean sea level during the year became the highest annual average in the 25-year satellite altimetry record, rising to 77 mm above the 1993 average. In the tropics, 2017 saw 85 named tropical storms, slightly above the 1981-2010 average of 82. The North Atlantic basin was the only basin that featured an above-normal season, its seventh most active in the 164-year record. Three hurricanes in the basin were especially notable. Harvey produced record rainfall totals in areas of Texas and Louisiana, including a storm total of 1538.7 mm near Beaumont, Texas, which far exceeds the previous known U.S. tropical cyclone record of 1320.8 mm. Irma was the strongest tropical cyclone globally in 2017 and the strongest Atlantic hurricane outside of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean on record with maximum winds of 295 km h-1. Maria caused catastrophic destruction across the Caribbean Islands, including devastating wind damage and flooding across Puerto Rico. Elsewhere, the western North Pacific, South Indian, and Australian basins were all particularly quiet. Precipitation over global land areas in 2017 was clearly above the long-term average. Among noteworthy regional precipitation records in 2017, Russia reported its second wettest year on record (after 2013) and Norway experienced its sixth wettest year since records began in 1900. Across India, heavy rain and flood-related incidents during the monsoon season claimed around 800 lives. In August and September, above-normal precipitation triggered the most devastating floods in more than a decade in the Venezuelan states of Bolívar and Delta Amacuro. In Nigeria, heavy rain during August and September caused the Niger and Benue Rivers to overflow, bringing floods that displaced more than 100 000 people. Global fire activity was the lowest since at least 2003; however, high activity occurred in parts of North America, South America, and Europe, with an unusually long season in Spain and Portugal, which had their second and third driest years on record, respectively. Devastating fires impacted British Columbia, destroying 1.2 million hectares of timber, bush, and grassland, due in part to the region's driest summer on record. In the United States, an extreme western wildfire season burned over 4 million hectares; the total costs of $18 billion tripled the previous U.S. annual wildfire cost record set in 1991.
43. Effects of soil management techniques on soil water erosion in apricot orchards
- Author
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Agata Novara, Cesar Azorin-Molina, Antonio Jordán, Paulo Pereira, Eric C. Brevik, Saskia Keesstra, Artemi Cerdà, Luis Parras-Alcántara, Keesstra, S., Pereira, P., Novara, A., Brevik, E., Azorin-Molina, C., Parras-Alcántara, L., Jordán, A., and Cerdà, A.
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Agriculture land management ,Soil biodiversity ,010501 environmental sciences ,Mediterranean ,01 natural sciences ,Soil management ,No-till farming ,Environmental Chemistry ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Soil organic matter ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Bodemfysica en Landbeheer ,Soil type ,PE&RC ,Pollution ,Settore AGR/02 - Agronomia E Coltivazioni Erbacee ,Soil Physics and Land Management ,Agronomy ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,Rainfall simulation ,Hydrology ,Soil water erosion ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Soil fertility ,Soil conservation ,Surface runoff - Abstract
Soil erosion is extreme in Mediterranean orchards due to management impact, high rainfall intensities, steep slopes and erodible parent material. Vall d'Albaida is a traditional fruit production area which, due to the Mediterranean climate and marly soils, produces sweet fruits. However, these highly productive soils are left bare under the prevailing land management and marly soils are vulnerable to soil water erosion when left bare. In this paper we study the impact of different agricultural land management strategies on soil properties (bulk density, soil organic matter, soil moisture), soil water erosion and runoff, by means of simulated rainfall experiments and soil analyses. Three representative land managements (tillage/herbicide/covered with vegetation) were selected, where 20 paired plots (60 plots) were established to determine soil losses and runoff. The simulated rainfall was carried out at 55mmh(-1) in the summer of 2013 (
- Published
- 2015
44. Uncertainty in surface wind speed projections over the Iberian Peninsula: CMIP6 GCMs versus a WRF-RCM.
- Author
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Andres-Martin M, Azorin-Molina C, Shen C, Fernández-Alvarez JC, Gimeno L, Vicente-Serrano SM, and Zha J
- Subjects
- Humans, Wind, Uncertainty, Weather, Climate Change, Climate Models, Cinnarizine
- Abstract
This study assessed the projected near-surface wind speed (SWS) changes and variability over the Iberian Peninsula for the 21st century. Here, we compared Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 global climate models (GCMs) with a higher spatial resolution regional climate model (RCM; ∼20 km), known as WRF-CESM2, which was created by a dynamic downscaling of the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Our analysis found that the GCMs tended to overestimate observed SWS for 1985-2014, while the higher spatial resolution of the WRF-CESM2 did not improve the accuracy and underestimated the SWS magnitude. GCMs project a decline of SWS under high shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) greenhouse concentrations, such as SSP370 and SSP585, while an interdecadal oscillation appears in SSP126 and SSP245 for the end of the century. The WRF-CESM2 under SSP585 predicts the opposite increasing SWS. Our results suggest that 21st-century projections of SWS are uncertain even for regionalized products and should be taken with caution., (© 2023 The Authors. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The New York Academy of Sciences.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Evaluation of global terrestrial near-surface wind speed simulated by CMIP6 models and their future projections.
- Author
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Shen C, Zha J, Li Z, Azorin-Molina C, Deng K, Minola L, and Chen D
- Subjects
- Humans, Forecasting, Temperature, Europe, Climate Change, Wind, Global Warming
- Abstract
We evaluate the performance of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models in simulating the observed global terrestrial near-surface wind speed (NSWS) and project its future changes under three different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). Results show that the CESM2 has the best ability in reproducing the observed NSWS trends, although all models examined are generally not doing well. Based on projections of CESM2, the global NSWS will decrease from 2021 to 2100 under all three SSPs. The projected NSWS declines significantly over the north of 20°N, especially across North America, Europe, and the mid-to-high latitudes of Asia; meanwhile, it increases over the south of 20°N. Under SSP585, there would be more light-windy days and fewer strong-windy days than those under SSP245, which leads to a significant global NSWS decline. Robust hemispheric-asymmetric changes in the NSWS could be due to the temperature gradient in the two hemispheres under global warming, with -1.2%, -3.5%, and -4.1% in the Northern Hemisphere, and 0.8%, 1.0%, and 1.5% in the Southern Hemisphere, for the near-term (2021-2040), mid-term (2041-2060), and long-term (2081-2100), respectively., (© 2022 The Authors. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of New York Academy of Sciences.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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46. An artificial intelligence reconstruction of global gridded surface winds.
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Zhou L, Liu H, Jiang X, Ziegler AD, Azorin-Molina C, Liu J, and Zeng Z
- Subjects
- Artificial Intelligence, Wind
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Teleconnections between large-scale oceanic-atmospheric patterns and interannual surface wind speed variability across China: Regional and seasonal patterns.
- Author
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Zhou F, Zhao Z, Azorin-Molina C, Jia X, Zhang G, Chen D, Liu J, Guijarro JA, Zhang F, and Fang K
- Subjects
- China, Oceans and Seas, Seasons, Environmental Monitoring, Wind
- Abstract
Great attention has been paid to the long-term decline in terrestrial near-surface wind speed (SWS) in China. However, how the SWS varies with regions and seasons and what modulates these changes remain unclear. Based on quality-controlled and homogenized terrestrial SWS data from 596 stations, the covarying SWS patterns during the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) and the Asian Winter Monsoon (AWM) seasons are defined for China using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis for 1961-2016. The dominant SWS features represented by EOF1 patterns in both seasons show a clear decline over most regions of China. The interannual variability of the EOF1 patterns is closely related to the Northeast Asia Low Pressure (NEALP) and the Arctic Oscillation (AO), respectively. The EOF2 and EOF3 patterns during ASM (AWM) season describe a dipole mode of SWS between East Tibetan Plateau and East China Plain (between East Tibetan Plateau and Northeast China), and between Southeast and Northeast China (between Northeast China and the coastal areas of Southeast China), respectively. These dipole structures of SWS changes are closely linked with the oceanic-atmospheric oscillations on interannual scale., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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- View/download PDF
48. Effects of soil management techniques on soil water erosion in apricot orchards.
- Author
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Keesstra S, Pereira P, Novara A, Brevik EC, Azorin-Molina C, Parras-Alcántara L, Jordán A, and Cerdà A
- Abstract
Soil erosion is extreme in Mediterranean orchards due to management impact, high rainfall intensities, steep slopes and erodible parent material. Vall d'Albaida is a traditional fruit production area which, due to the Mediterranean climate and marly soils, produces sweet fruits. However, these highly productive soils are left bare under the prevailing land management and marly soils are vulnerable to soil water erosion when left bare. In this paper we study the impact of different agricultural land management strategies on soil properties (bulk density, soil organic matter, soil moisture), soil water erosion and runoff, by means of simulated rainfall experiments and soil analyses. Three representative land managements (tillage/herbicide/covered with vegetation) were selected, where 20 paired plots (60 plots) were established to determine soil losses and runoff. The simulated rainfall was carried out at 55mmh(-1) in the summer of 2013 (<8% soil moisture) for one hour on 0.25m(2) circular plots. The results showed that vegetation cover, soil moisture and organic matter were significantly higher in covered plots than in tilled and herbicide treated plots. However, runoff coefficient, total runoff, sediment yield and soil erosion were significantly higher in herbicide treated plots compared to the others. Runoff sediment concentration was significantly higher in tilled plots. The lowest values were identified in covered plots. Overall, tillage, but especially herbicide treatment, decreased vegetation cover, soil moisture, soil organic matter, and increased bulk density, runoff coefficient, total runoff, sediment yield and soil erosion. Soil erosion was extremely high in herbicide plots with 0.91Mgha(-1)h(-1) of soil lost; in the tilled fields erosion rates were lower with 0.51Mgha(-1)h(-1). Covered soil showed an erosion rate of 0.02Mgha(-1)h(-1). These results showed that agricultural management influenced water and sediment dynamics and that tillage and herbicide treatment should be avoided., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
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