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1. Visual/acoustic detection and localisation in embedded systems

Author

Azzam, R. and Aouf, N.

Subjects
006.2
Abstract

The continuous miniaturisation of sensing and processing technologies is increasingly offering a variety of embedded platforms, enabling the accomplishment of a broad range of tasks using such systems. Motivated by these advances, this thesis investigates embedded detection and localisation solutions using vision and acoustic sensors. Focus is particularly placed on surveillance applications using sensor networks. Existing vision-based detection solutions for embedded systems suffer from the sensitivity to environmental conditions. In the literature, there seems to be no algorithm able to simultaneously tackle all the challenges inherent to real-world videos. Regarding the acoustic modality, many research works have investigated acoustic source localisation solutions in distributed sensor networks. Nevertheless, it is still a challenging task to develop an ecient algorithm that deals with the experimental issues, to approach the performance required by these systems and to perform the data processing in a distributed and robust manner. The movement of scene objects is generally accompanied with sound emissions with features that vary from an environment to another. Therefore, considering the combination of the visual and acoustic modalities would offer a significant opportunity for improving the detection and/or localisation using the described platforms. In the light of the described framework, we investigate in the first part of the thesis the use of a cost-effective visual based method that can deal robustly with the issue of motion detection in static, dynamic and moving background conditions. For motion detection in static and dynamic backgrounds, we present the development and the performance analysis of a spatio- temporal form of the Gaussian mixture model. On the other hand, the problem of motion detection in moving backgrounds is addressed by accounting for registration errors in the captured images. By adopting a robust optimisation technique that takes into account the uncertainty about the visual measurements, we show that high detection accuracy can be achieved. In the second part of this thesis, we investigate solutions to the problem of acoustic source localisation using a trust region based optimisation technique. The proposed method shows an overall higher accuracy and convergence improvement compared to a linear-search based method. More importantly, we show that through characterising the errors in measurements, which is a common problem for such platforms, higher accuracy in the localisation can be attained. The last part of this work studies the different possibilities of combining visual and acoustic information in a distributed sensors network. In this context, we first propose to include the acoustic information in the visual model. The obtained new augmented model provides promising improvements in the detection and localisation processes. The second investigated solution consists in the fusion of the measurements coming from the different sensors. An evaluation of the accuracy of localisation and tracking using a centralised/decentralised architecture is conducted in various scenarios and experimental conditions. Results have shown the capability of this fusion approach to yield higher accuracy in the localisation and tracking of an active acoustic source than by using a single type of data.

Published
2016

2. Semi-distributed Modelling of Stormwater Drains Using Integrated Hydrodynamic EPA-SWM Model

Author

Sinha, M. K., Baier, K., Azzam, R., Baghel, T., Verma, M. K., Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Yadav, Neha, editor, Yadav, Anupam, editor, Bansal, Jagdish Chand, editor, Deep, Kusum, editor, and Kim, Joong Hoon, editor

Published
2019
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11. Optical Properties of Minerals

Author

Nesse, W. D., Punin, Y. O., Arndt, J., Criddle, A. J., Ryabeva, E. G., Azzam, R. M. A., Bryzgalov, I. A., Meisner, L. B., and Marfunin, A. S., editor

Published
1994
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17. Pose-Graph Neural Network Classifier for Global Optimality Prediction in 2D SLAM

Author

Azzam, R, Kong, FH, Taha, T, Zweiri, Y, Azzam, R, Kong, FH, Taha, T, and Zweiri, Y

Abstract

The ability to decide if a solution to a pose-graph problem is globally optimal is of high significance for safety-critical applications. Converging to a local-minimum may result in severe estimation errors along the estimated trajectory. In this paper, we propose a graph neural network based on a novel implementation of a graph convolutional-like layer, called PoseConv, to perform classification of pose-graphs as optimal or sub-optimal. The operation of PoseConv required incorporating a new node feature, referred to as cost, to hold the information that the nodes will communicate. A training and testing dataset was generated based on publicly available bench-marking pose-graphs. The neural classifier is then trained and extensively tested on several subsets of the pose-graph samples in the dataset. Testing results have proven the model's capability to perform classification with 92 - 98% accuracy, for the different partitions of the training and testing dataset. In addition, the model was able to generalize to previously unseen variants of pose-graphs in the training dataset. Our method trades a small amount of accuracy for a large improvement in processing time. This makes it faster than other existing methods by up-to three orders of magnitude, which could be of paramount importance when using computationally-limited robots overseen by human operators.

Published
2021

18. A Stacked LSTM-Based Approach for Reducing Semantic Pose Estimation Error

Author

Azzam, R, Alkendi, Y, Taha, T, Huang, S, Zweiri, Y, Azzam, R, Alkendi, Y, Taha, T, Huang, S, and Zweiri, Y

Abstract

© 1963-2012 IEEE. Achieving high estimation accuracy is significant for semantic simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) tasks. Yet, the estimation process is vulnerable to several sources of error, including limitations of the instruments used to perceive the environment, shortcomings of the employed algorithm, environmental conditions, or other unpredictable noise. In this article, a novel stacked long short-term memory (LSTM)-based error reduction approach is developed to enhance the accuracy of semantic SLAM in presence of such error sources. Training and testing data sets were constructed through simulated and real-time experiments. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was demonstrated by its ability to capture and reduce semantic SLAM estimation errors in training and testing data sets. Quantitative performance measurement was carried out using the absolute trajectory error (ATE) metric. The proposed approach was compared with vanilla and bidirectional LSTM networks, shallow and deep neural networks, and support vector machines. The proposed approach outperforms all other structures and was able to significantly improve the accuracy of semantic SLAM. To further verify the applicability of the proposed approach, it was tested on real-time sequences from the TUM RGB-D data set, where it was able to improve the estimated trajectories.

Published
2021

30. A Deep Learning Framework for Robust Semantic SLAM

Author

Azzam, R, Taha, T, Huang, S, Zweiri, Y, Azzam, R, Taha, T, Huang, S, and Zweiri, Y

Abstract

Semantic simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is susceptible to several sources of noise that hinder the accuracy of its trajectory and map estimates. Such sources include inaccurate landmark pose estimation and sensor limitations. In this paper, a novel deep learning based approach is proposed to improve the accuracy of semantic SLAM by reducing the trajectory estimation error. A deep neural network consisting of various non-linear activation functions is structured and pre-trained by means of an unsupervised greedy layer-wise pre-training technique. The network is then fine-tuned using the adaptive moment estimation (Adam) optimizer. The training datasets were collected using several simulated and realtime experiments and are composed of two parts, the estimated trajectory and the corresponding ground truth. Ground truth trajectories were obtained using a motion capture system in realtime experiments. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was shown through simulated experiments, real-time experiments, and a sequence from the Technical University of Munich (TUM) RGB-D dataset. The performance of the deep neural network (DNN) was tested with different pre-training techniques and the proposed unsupervised greedy layer-wise pre-training technique proved to perform the best across training, validation, and testing datasets in terms of reducing the mean absolute trajectory error (ATE).

Published
2020

35. Effect of piperacillin-tazobactam vs meropenem on 30-day mortality for patients with e coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection and ceftriaxone resistance

Author

Harris, P. N. A., Tambyah, P. A., Lye, D. C., Mo, Y., Lee, T. H., Yilmaz, M., Alenazi, T. H., Arabi, Y., Falcone, M., Bassetti, M., Righi, E., Rogers, B. A., Kanj, S., Bhally, H., Iredell, J., Mendelson, M., Boyles, T. H., Looke, D., Miyakis, S., Walls, G., Al Khamis, M., Zikri, A., Crowe, A., Ingram, P., Daneman, N., Griffin, P., Athan, E., Lorenc, P., Baker, P., Roberts, L., Beatson, S. A., Peleg, A. Y., Harris-Brown, T., Paterson, D. L., Mcnamara, J., Sieler, R., Garlick, J., Costa, J., Roney, J., Pratt, N., Tabaja, H., Kmeid, J., Tayyar, R., El Zein, S., Jones, S., Cowan, R., Tai, A., Lin, B., Rad, B., Macmorran, E., Pollard, J., Dinleyici, R., Istanbullu, A., Ceylan, B., Mert, A., Hashhoush, M., Dalwi, T., Korman, T., Azzam, R., Birrell, M., Hughes, C., Khan, S., Lau, J., Lee, L., Lim, K., Lin, Y. D., Lister, D., New, D., Rafiei, N., Stewart, J., Trad, M. A., Aye Yeung, V., Mcbride, S., Holland, D., Hopkins, C., Luey, C., Taylor, S., Morpeth, S., Finney, M., Martin, M., Holland, U., Ali, J., Jureen, R., Underwood, N., Henderson, A., Runnegar, N., Slavin, M., Robinson, O., Rishu, A., Shawkat, S., Fish, J., Chin Liew, K., Newton, P., Merelli, M., Carnelutti, A., Ussai, S., Pecori, D., Izharuddin, E., Young, B., Ding, Y., Ram, R., Kelly, J., Joshi, N., Richards, G., Smith, O., Alli, A., Vermeulen, I., Wright, B., Grey, C., Stewart, A., Reddy, D., Wasserman, S., Richi, H., Sultana, K., Alanazi, N., Bin Awad, E., Franzetti, F., Stolz, A., De Kock, E., Magongoa, T., Dutoit, M., Russo, A., Dentone, C., Eisen, D., and Heyer, L.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination, Ceftriaxone, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Penicillanic Acid, Bacteremia, Meropenem, Middle Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Klebsiella Infections, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Cause of Death, Escherichia coli, Humans, Female, Thienamycins, Aged, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Escherichia coli Infections, Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination
Published
2018

37. Effect of piperacillin-tazobactam vs meropenem on 30-day mortality for patients with e coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection and ceftriaxone resistance.

Author

Pollard J., Arabi Y., Athan E., Lorenc P., Baker P., Roberts L., Beatson S.A., Peleg A.Y., Harris-Brown T., Paterson D.L., McNamara J., Sieler R., Garlick J., Costa J., Roney J., Pratt N., Tabaja H., Kmeid J., Tayyar R., El Zein S., Jones S., Cowan R., Lin B., Rad B., MacMorran E., Dinleyici R., Istanbullu A., Ceylan B., Mert A., Hashhoush M., Dalwi T., Korman T., Azzam R., Birrell M., Hughes C., Khan S., Lau J., Lee L., Lim K., Lin Y.D., Lister D., New D., Rafiei N., Stewart J., Tai A., Trad M.A., Aye Yeung V., McBride S., Holland D., Hopkins C., Luey C., Taylor S., Morpeth S., Finney M., Martin M., Holland U., Ali J., Jureen R., Underwood N., Henderson A., Runnegar N., Slavin M., Robinson O., Rishu A., Shawkat S., Fish J., Chin Liew K., Newton P., Merelli M., Carnelutti A., Ussai S., Pecori D., Izharuddin E., Young B., Ding Y., Ram R., Kelly J., Joshi N., Richards G., Smith O., Alli A., Vermeulen I., Wright B., Grey C., Stewart A., Reddy D., Wasserman S., Richi H., Sultana K., Alanazi N., Bin Awad E., Franzetti F., Stolz A., De Kock E., Magongoa T., Dutoit M., Russo A., Dentone C., Eisen D., Heyer L., Harris P.N.A., Tambyah P.A., Lye D.C., Mo Y., Lee T.H., Yilmaz M., Alenazi T.H., Falcone M., Bassetti M., Righi E., Rogers B.A., Kanj S., Bhally H., Iredell J., Mendelson M., Boyles T.H., Looke D., Miyakis S., Walls G., Al Khamis M., Zikri A., Crowe A., Ingram P., Daneman N., Griffin P., Pollard J., Arabi Y., Athan E., Lorenc P., Baker P., Roberts L., Beatson S.A., Peleg A.Y., Harris-Brown T., Paterson D.L., McNamara J., Sieler R., Garlick J., Costa J., Roney J., Pratt N., Tabaja H., Kmeid J., Tayyar R., El Zein S., Jones S., Cowan R., Lin B., Rad B., MacMorran E., Dinleyici R., Istanbullu A., Ceylan B., Mert A., Hashhoush M., Dalwi T., Korman T., Azzam R., Birrell M., Hughes C., Khan S., Lau J., Lee L., Lim K., Lin Y.D., Lister D., New D., Rafiei N., Stewart J., Tai A., Trad M.A., Aye Yeung V., McBride S., Holland D., Hopkins C., Luey C., Taylor S., Morpeth S., Finney M., Martin M., Holland U., Ali J., Jureen R., Underwood N., Henderson A., Runnegar N., Slavin M., Robinson O., Rishu A., Shawkat S., Fish J., Chin Liew K., Newton P., Merelli M., Carnelutti A., Ussai S., Pecori D., Izharuddin E., Young B., Ding Y., Ram R., Kelly J., Joshi N., Richards G., Smith O., Alli A., Vermeulen I., Wright B., Grey C., Stewart A., Reddy D., Wasserman S., Richi H., Sultana K., Alanazi N., Bin Awad E., Franzetti F., Stolz A., De Kock E., Magongoa T., Dutoit M., Russo A., Dentone C., Eisen D., Heyer L., Harris P.N.A., Tambyah P.A., Lye D.C., Mo Y., Lee T.H., Yilmaz M., Alenazi T.H., Falcone M., Bassetti M., Righi E., Rogers B.A., Kanj S., Bhally H., Iredell J., Mendelson M., Boyles T.H., Looke D., Miyakis S., Walls G., Al Khamis M., Zikri A., Crowe A., Ingram P., Daneman N., and Griffin P.

Abstract

IMPORTANCE Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases mediate resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (eg, ceftriaxone) in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Significant infections caused by these strains are usually treated with carbapenems, potentially selecting for carbapenem resistance. Piperacillin-tazobactam may be an effective "carbapenem-sparing" option to treat extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers. OBJECTIVES To determine whether definitive therapy with piperacillin-tazobactam is noninferior to meropenem (a carbapenem) in patients with bloodstream infection caused by ceftriaxone-nonsusceptible E coli or K pneumoniae. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Noninferiority, parallel group, randomized clinical trial included hospitalized patients enrolled from 26 sites in 9 countries from February 2014 to July 2017. Adult patients were eligible if they had at least 1 positive blood culture with E coli or Klebsiella spp testing nonsusceptible to ceftriaxone but susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam. Of 1646 patients screened, 391 were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam, 4.5 g, every 6 hours (n = 188 participants) or meropenem, 1 g, every 8 hours (n = 191 participants) for a minimum of 4 days, up to a maximum of 14 days, with the total duration determined by the treating clinician. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 30 days after randomization. A noninferiority margin of 5% was used. RESULTS Among 379 patients (mean age, 66.5 years; 47.8% women) who were randomized appropriately, received at least 1 dose of study drug, and were included in the primary analysis population, 378 (99.7%) completed the trial and were assessed for the primary outcome. A total of 23 of 187 patients (12.3%) randomized to piperacillin-tazobactam met the primary outcome of mortality at 30 days compared with 7 of 191 (3.7%) randomized to meropenem (risk difference, 8.6

Published
2018

39. Column High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Rosiglitazone and Metformin in a Pharmaceutical Preparation

Author

Ibrahim I Duraidi, M. Saket, Eyad S. M. Abu-Nameh, and Azzam R Ali

Subjects
Pharmacology, Detection limit, Chromatography, medicine.diagnostic_test, Chemistry, Metformin Hydrochloride, Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, Dosage form, Analytical Chemistry, Metformin, chemistry.chemical_compound, Sodium hydroxide, Spectrophotometry, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Rosiglitazone, Agronomy and Crop Science, Food Science, medicine.drug
Abstract

An efficient, sensitive, and simple method was developed for the simultaneous determination of rosiglitazone and metformin hydrochloride in a combination tablet dosage form by column high-performance liquid chromatography. The mobile phase used was ammonium dihydrogen phosphate adjusted to pH 5.25 with sodium hydroxide. The limits of detection and quantitation were in the range of 0.51.6 g/mL, respectively, for metformin hydrochloride, and 0.002010.0067 g/mL, respectively, for rosiglitazone. The linearity was studied in the concentration range of 0.120.31 g/mL for rosiglitazone and 30.676.7 g/mL for metformin hydrochloride. The recovered amounts of metformin hydrochloride and rosiglitazone were 100103.8 and 101103.7, respectively.

Published
2009
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43. Monitoring and Early Warning of Slope Instabilities and Deformations by Sensor Fusion in Self-Organized Wireless ad-hoc Sensor Networks

Author

Azzam, R., Arnhardt, C., Fernández-Stee .

Subjects
education.field_of_study, Spatial data infrastructure, Warning system, Landslide classification, Node (networking), Population, Real-time computing, Early warning system, education, Sensor fusion, Wireless sensor network, Civil engineering, Geology
Abstract

Geohazards, like landslides in soil and rocks which are induced by rainfall, flooding, earthquakes and human activity are dramatically increasing worldwide. Apart from socio-economic factors, like increasing population and concentrations of settlements on endangered areas, extreme weather conditions are the main reasons for this ascent. But, these occurrences are not only concentrated on the high mountain ranges with steep slopes and strong relief. In February 2003, a landslide in the middle of Germany near the village of Wolfstein-Rossbach damaged some houses (one of them totally). Another example is the Manshiet Nasser failure in Cairo in September 2008, where a large rock tilt buried many houses. This few examples show the devastating effect of geohazards in settlement areas and the need for precise monitoring systems to protect human life and property. In the frame of the special program “Geotechnologien” of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), the joint project “Sensorbased Landslide Early Warning System” (SLEWS) aims at the development of a prototypic Alarm- and Early Warning system (EWS) for different types of landslides using wireless sensor networks (WSN) for real-time monitoring. The WSN consists of a number of so called sensor nodes and a data collecting point (gateway). The solar powered gateway is connected either directly or by GSM/GPRS to the internet and subsequently to a data infrastructure to process the sensor data. Each node has a sensor board were the measuring sensors and the communication and processing unit are integrated. Special features of the Network are the real-time ability, self-organization and self-healing capacity, energy efficiency, bidirectional communication skills and data interfaces regarding OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) specifications. The bidirectional structure of the system enables data transfer not only from each node to the spatial data infrastructure (SDI), but also to transmit commands or software-updates to individual or a group of nodes. Special sensor nodes for the monitoring of surface deformations due to landslides, measuring acceleration, tilting or extension, were developed and tested. Apart from the detection of direct deformations caused for example by landslide movements, the system also allows the monitoring of indirect deformations on buildings and constructions, like bridge or retaining walls. Furthermore, the remote monitoring of flood control basins, dams or tailings in or close to housing areas becomes easy to set up in a cost-effective way. Open structures of the system enable a very rapid and flexible adjustment to the changed conditions and also permit a simple linkage with other data sources (e.g. climate data) or other sensor networks. Also, temporal deployments for safety purposes in road construction or foundation engineering become possible as the WSN is self-powered, the components are quite small and easy to set up. In the future other sensors may be integrated into the sensor notes so further tasks in spatial environmental monitoring may be covered. Keywords: Slope instability, deformation, sensor fusion, sensor networks

Published
2015
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44. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of simvastatin in medical drugs

Author

Eyad S. M. Abu-Nameh, Azzam R Ali, and Reyad Shawabkeh

Subjects
Chromatography, Linear range, Simvastatin, Chemistry, Linear regression, medicine, Hplc method, Analytical Chemistry, medicine.drug
Abstract

A simple and rapid HPLC method for the determination of simvastatin using a C18-Hypersil column and acetonitril-phosphate buffer-methanol (5: 3: 1, v/v/v) as a mobile phase with detection at 230 nm was proposed. Commercial pharmaceutical tablets were analyzed with a linear range for simvastatin up to 1.884 mg % and a regression coefficient of 0.9995. The method is found to be precise, accurate, reliable, and selective.

Published
2006
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45. Effect of Forest Presence on Rockfall Trajectory. An Example from Greece

Author

Saroglou, H., Berger, F., Bourrier, Franck, Asteriou, P., Tsiambaos, G., Tsagkas, D., Lollino, G., Giordan, D., Crosta, G.B., Corominas, Jordi, Azzam, R., Wasowski, J., Sciarra, N., IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON GBR, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS GRC, NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CNR TORINO ITA, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), RWTH Aachen University, NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CNR BARI ITA, and UNIVERSITY G D'ANNUNZI CHIETI ITA

Subjects
Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 15. Life on land, Dense forest, 01 natural sciences, GRECE, Rockfall, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Impact energy, Trajectory, Scree, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; The impact of falling rocks on human activities can be hindered using protection measures such as rockfall barriers, embankments and other passive structures but also through the presence of forests. In order to study the effect of a forest on rockfall trajectory, a site neighboring a village in Central Greece was selected which has a well-recorded rockfall history in the last 50 years. The village is limited by a relatively dense forest, which lies on a limestone scree slope. An assessment of the role played by the forest stands on the site was done using the Energy Line Angle concept and conclusions on the residual rockfall risk on houses are drawn.

Published
2015
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46. Dynamic Behavior of Rock Fall Protection Net Fences: A Parametric Study

Author

Chanut, M.A., Dubois, Loic, Nicot, François, Lollino, G., Giordan, D., Crosta, G.B., Corominas, Jordi, Azzam, R., Wasowski, J., Sciarra, N., Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CNR TORINO ITA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), RWTH Aachen University, NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CNR BARI ITA, and UNIVERSITY G D'ANNUNZI CHIETI ITA

Subjects
Generic model, Engineering, geography, Boulder shape, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Civil engineering, Impact location, Net fences, Rockfall, Work (electrical), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Numerical simulations, Net (polyhedron), Geotechnical engineering, business, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Parametric statistics
Abstract

International audience; In this communication, the influence of the impact location and boulder shape is studied to assess the efficiency of net fences (under such impacts). This work should contribute to understand the behavior of net fences in real conditions (boulder size, energy level, crossing height).

Published
2015
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47. Application of Ambient Vibration Techniques for Monitoring the Triggering of Rapid Landslides

Author

Jongmans, D., Baillet, Léo, Larose, E., Bottelin, P., Mainsant, G., Chambon, Guillaume, Jaboyedoff, M., Lollino, G., Giordan, D., Crosta, G.B., Corominas, Jordi, Azzam, R., Wasowski, J., Sciarra, N., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CNR TORINO ITA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), RWTH Aachen University, NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CNR BARI ITA, and UNIVERSITY G D'ANNUNZI CHIETI ITA

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mass movement, Monitoring system, Landslide, Seismic noise, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Rockfall, 13. Climate action, Mudflow, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Geotechnical engineering, Ambient vibration, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Ambient vibration techniques are increasingly used for monitoring landslides. Two types of rapid landslides are considered in this study: mudslides in clayey sediments and rockfalls of intermediate size (10(3)-10(5) m(3)) in rigid rocks. The change of ambient vibration properties with time allows variations of internal mass characteristics to be obtained. This information is complementary to the surface motion measurements derived from air or ground based techniques and could be included in a monitoring system for landslides exhibiting a rapid mass movement.

Published
2015
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48. The classification of damming landslides and landslide dams induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake

Author

Fan, Xuanmei, Van Westen, C.J., Tang, Chenxiao, Xu, Qiang, Huang, Runqiu, Wang, Gonghui, Lollino, G., Giordan, D., Crosta, G.B., Corominas, J., Azzam, R., Wasowski, J., Sciarra, N., Department of Earth Systems Analysis, UT-I-ITC-4DEarth, and Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation

Subjects
geography, Wenchuan Earthquake, geography.geographical_feature_category, Landslide classification, Magnitude (mathematics), Landslide, Debris, Sedimentary depositional environment, Landslide dam, Typology, Rockfall, Rock fragment, Landslide Dams, Coseismic Landslides, Geomorphology, Geology
Abstract

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015. The devastating 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with a magnitude of Mw 7.9 was the largest seismic event in China in more than 50 years. It triggered numerous landslides over a broad area, some of which dammed rivers, posing severe threats to downstream settlements. The coseismic landslides are classified into rock/debris avalanches, debris flows, rock/debris slides and rock falls. A number of representative examples of each type and the corresponding landslide dam features were studied. According to dam composition material and sedimen-tological features, landslide dams were categorized into three types: dams mainly composed of large boulders and blocks; dams composed of unconsolidated fine debris; and dams with partly intact rock strata at the base topped by large boulders and blocks or soil with rock fragments, showing two-layered or three-layered depositional structure. This classification is linked to the typology of damming landslides and considered to be a preliminary indicator of dam stability. In addition, dam stability also largely depends on valley morphometry as well as landslide runout distance and mechanism. .

Published
2015

49. Cryptococcemia in primary HIV infection.

Author

Woolley I.J., Korman T.M., Yeung V.A., Azzam R., Graham M., Dendle C., Woolley I.J., Korman T.M., Yeung V.A., Azzam R., Graham M., and Dendle C.

Abstract

Opportunistic infections have been reported infrequently in primary HIV infection. We report a case of cryptococcemia in primary HIV infection. To our knowledge there has not been such a case reported. Our case highlights the need for clinicians to be wary of other opportunistic infections, including cryptococcosis, in primary HIV infection.Copyright © 2016, © The Author(s) 2016.

Published
2016

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