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It was documented that many species of birds incubate their clutch before the clutch completion. This behaviour called partial or intermittent incubation usually takes only few hours per day. Eggs in clutch are from the time of laying until the time of full incubation exposed to many negative environmental factors and disturbances. These factors may reduce the viability of the embryo and brood survival. It is therefore predicted that birds use partial incubation as a protection against these negative factors. Most probable functions of partial incubation are a protection against clutch predation, intraspecific and interspecific brood parasitism, and antimicrobial actions linked with reduction of potentially harmful microorganisms on the eggshells and/or activation of proteins with antimicrobial potential in egg's yolk and albumen. This bachelor thesis summarizes overall knowledge of partial incubation, with special emphasis on its incidence and functions in birds. Moreover, this thesis reviews the problematics of synchronous and asynchronous hatching of partially incubated clutches. Although, based on literature review, partial incubation has strong impact on overall reproduction success in birds, study of this incubation behaviour is still neglected and more attention should be paid on comparative...

This article aims to compare the responsibilities of managers and university students. This comparison is performed by formulating a hypothesis and subsequent authentication using the Wilcoxon test, where answers from both of the groups are compared. In conclusion, the article summarizes the results and possible improvements and development of students in scope of education at the university field. Paper is one of the solutions of grant research MEB061008 “Cross border enterprise – B2B marketing and distribution in Austria and Czech Republic”.

Small and medium-sized businesses play an important role in creating jobs and generally acts as a factor in social stability and economic development. Currently, there are several views on how to classify a small or medium enterprise. It depends on what classification is used. For research purposes GAJU 068/2010/S businesses have been divided by number of employees. The research objective is to characterize the main business processes, which are small and medium enterprises engaged in and specify the most important indicators, which are provided. Partial results of this research are presented in this article, we focus mainly on the identified target companies, competitive advantages and possible threats as seen by the undertakings themselves. Key words: Small and medium businesses (shortcut = SME), Process

The student attempts in her thesis to reveal the essential problem of the formation of public opinion, based on the example of the oppositional satirical magazine Der Simpl, that was published in Prague in the time of the expansion of nacism in Germany in the years 1934- 1935. The title of the thesis characterizes the effort the oppositional journalists in some kind of "emotional relief" in the time of intensified censorship and repression on one sinde, on the other side it is headed for the problem of creating media constucts with emotional aspect, on the side both system and opposition. The author tries to summarize the instruments of creation of the so called "optimistical illusion" in the society and the methods of their influencing the formation of public opinion. Based on the theoretical framework and the analysis of some caricatures, the student tries to demonstrate, in which way the oppositional journalist in Nazi era tried to balance the current issues. As the student summarizes in the final part of the thesis, satire and oppositional journalistics does not change very much in the human life. We are pleased to laugh about them, but we do not change our lives because of them. In spite of her own conviction about the fundamental importance of politics in the everyday life of democratic...

The bachelor thesis "Constructs of the Emperor Wilhelm II. after the year 1990" deals with different theoretical ways of interpretation of the emperor's person, published after the year 1990. The main source for this thesis is the classification, made by Wolfgang J. Mommsen in 1990 in one scientist article. Mommsen defined three different categories, in which the literature can be subsume in. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to verify the validity of the Mommsen's classification for books of different authors, written after the year 1989. The thesis is a historiographical analysis of chosen boooks from chosen authors. The thesis concludes that Mommsen's classification could be applied to chosen literature, but not unreservedly. The thesis modifies the original classification a defines two new categories, which can be used by evaluation of the books about Wilhelm II.

The main topic of this thesis is the person of the last German Emperor Wilhelm II, who was considered very controversial even during his lifetime and opinions on him varied greatly. A particular point of interest of many experts was and is especially the question of Wilhelm's II share of the blame for starting the First World War. This thesis is a historiographical analysis pursuing interpretations of Kaiser Wilhelm II in relation to the events before 1914 in selected titles by leading authors concerned with this issue. The aim of this thesis is evaluating the development of the discussion on Kaiser Wilhelm II after 1945, when a vigorous debate on the topic of Wilhelm II and his guilt on World War I gradually sparked in expert circles. The output of the thesis is a summary of main interpretation streams of the selected authors as well as the monitoring of changes in the opinions on the last German Emperor after 1945 and determining the distinctiveness of this changes. While the question of the guilt on World War I was very damped shortly after 1945, it was reopened over time and an ever more active discussion took place, though being slightly damped again in recent times.

Aim of the thesis "Christa Wolf and her work "What Remains" as a start of German-German literature dispute and its resonance in the chosen Czech media" is to describe reception of the book "Was bleibt" from Christa Wolf accenting the socio-political context at the time of its publication and the immediate origination of the literature dispute between East and West Germany. Thesis discusses the grounds which led to begin of the dispute, as well as the process of the dispute and its main actors. Moreover, importance of the dispute and role of Christa Wolf and her work "Was bleibt" is sought. The first two chapters serve as an introduction to the literature dispute, where the first one concentrates more on the life and both social and political engagement of Christa Wolf, and the second one deals with her fundamental work "Was bleibt" and its context in the political situation at that time. The main part of the thesis discusses public responses to publication of the "Was bleibt", the origin and the process of the German-German literature dispute. Critiques of West German feulletonists, which started the literature dispute, are investigated in this part of the thesis too. The last chapter then addresses resonance of the dispute in selected Czech literary papers and magazines.

This paper deals with the non-institutionalised political protests in the new federal states beginning of the 1990s. Starting point are the vast experiences, that the population had made with such kinds of demonstrations (massdemonstration of 1989). The paper wants to answer questions with the help of specialist literature dealing with the influence of these experiences on the possibly later non- institutionalised protest and furhter, what kinds of protests one can observe in Eastern Germany during the beginning of the 90s. The 1989-experience is only briefly mentioned in this paper, the core is formed by the analysis of the different non- institutionalised political protest reforms in the new states. The most numerous form of protest appears to be the left- and rightwinged extremism. This paper follows the development which has amounted during the 1990s and mentions certain cases that are connected with extremism. The chapter concerned with rightwinged expremism also deals with its roots of origin that go back to the 1980s. The up-to-dateness of this topic is determined in the last chapter which is concerned with the medial repercussion in the Czech press (journal Respekt).

Die Bachelorarbeit Der Herausgeber Axel Springer als Ziel der Kritik und seine Stellung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland befasst sich mit der Kritik, der Axel Springer und sein Medienimperium während seines Lebens ausgesetzt wurde. In der Arbeit werden die Argumente seiner Kritiker dargestellt und dazu auch die Frage beantwortet, ob diese Kritik begründet oder unberechtigt wurde. Im Ersten Teil der Bachelorarbeit wurde die Entwicklung des Medienimperiums Axel Springers beschrieben und auerdem die allmähliche Politisierung des Axel Springer Verlages dargestellt. Zweiter Teil orientiert sich an die Kritik der linken Intelektuellen und konkurrierenden Herausgeber, in welchem Mittelpunkt die Kritik seitens literarischer Vereinigung Gruppe 47 und der Herausgeber Gerd Bucerius und Rudolf Augstein steht. Dritter Teil befasst sich ausführlich mit der Kritik der APO, wo auch die Monopolfrage des Axel Springer Verlages besprochen wurde. Dritter Teil der Bachelorarbeit behandelt im Detail die Israel-Frage, die auch anderen bedeutenden Streitpunkt der Kritiker des Axel Springer Verlages darstellt. In diesem Teil der Arbeit sind alle Aktivitäten und Projekte des Axel Springer Verlages gründlich beschrieben. Letzter Teil der Arbeit befasst sich mit der Kritik in den 70er Jahren, mit dem Nachdruck auf den Konflikt...

In my thesis "German-Hispanic Bilateral Relations 1939-1940 I deal with the evolution of high level cooperation between Nazi Germany and Francoist Spain. The primary point of these two dictatorships' relations was determined by the results of Spanish Civil War that directed Franco into the orbit of the Axis Powers. After the outbreak of WWII Spain decided to exercise so-called benevolent neutrality very tilted towards Germany. Under the impression of overwhelming German expansion this neutrality was abandoned in June 1940 and transformed into non-belligerence state. From there on it was only a little step to the real declaration of war on Britain. Franco's main goal of this policy was to join the victorious side in time. Spanish motivation was to take an advantage of this new oportunity and conquest part of Northern African territories on the expense of France. Franco longed for reestablishment of erstwhile Spanish colonial empire. This main reason of Franco's will to lead the exhausted country into another war paradoxically prevented Spain from the entry. Hitler appeared not to assure Spain's territorial gains in Morroco for Spanish cooperation during planned capture of Gibraltar. His intention was to keep the loyalty of Vichy in Africa. Germany feared that handover of French territory into the hands of...