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Spatial hearing allows animals to rapidly detect and localize auditory events in the surrounding environment. The auditory brainstem plays a central role in processing and extracting binaural spatial cues through microsecond-precise binaural integration, especially for detecting interaural time differences (ITDs) of low-frequency sounds at the medial superior olive (MSO). A series of mechanisms exist in the underlying neural circuits for preserving accurate action potential timing across multiple fibers, synapses and nuclei along this pathway. One of these is the myelination of afferent fibers that ensures reliable and temporally precise action potential propagation in the axon. There are several reports of fine-tuned myelination patterns in the MSO circuit, but how specifically myelination influences the precision of sound localization remains incompletely understood. Here we present a spiking neural network model of the auditory brainstem with myelinated axons to investigate whether different axon myelination thicknesses alter the sound localization process. Our model demonstrates that axon myelin thickness along the contralateral pathways can substantially modulate ITD detection. Furthermore, optimal ITD sensitivity is reached when the MSO receives contralateral inhibition via thicker myelinated axons compared to contralateral excitation, a result that is consistent with previously reported experimental observations. Our results suggest specific roles of axon myelination for extracting temporal dynamics in ITD perception, especially in the pathway of the contralateral inhibition.

目的 评估伊沙佐米、来那度胺、地塞米松（IRd）方案治疗复发/难治多发性骨髓瘤（MM）的疗效及安全性。 方法 纳入2018年7月至2020年5月于国内14个中心接受至少1个周期IRd方案治疗的复发/难治MM患者。除7例起始剂量作调整的患者以外，其余患者伊沙佐米起始剂量为4 mg。来那度胺剂量根据患者肌酐清除率进行调整。每周期进行疗效及安全性评估。 结果 共纳入74例患者，中位年龄65岁，11例（14.9％）患者曾接受>三线治疗。总体反应率（ORR）为54.1％（40/74），其中7例（9.5％）达严格意义的完全缓解或完全缓解，14例（18.9％）达非常好的部分缓解，19例（25.7％）达部分缓解，中位无进展生存时间为9.9月，中位总生存时间为20个月，中位获得反应时间为1个月。总体疗效与生存结果与TOURMALINE-MM1中国延展性研究（TOURMALINE-MM1 CCS）相近。硼替佐米难治、来那度胺难治、两药均难治患者的ORR分别为52.0％（13/25）、57.1％（4/7）和33.3％（6/18）。3～4级不良事件（AE）发生率为36.5％（27/74）。主要血液学不良反应为贫血、血小板减少、淋巴细胞减少及中性粒细胞减少。主要非血液学不良反应为乏力、消化道症状及感染。2例患者出现3级周围神经病变。与不符合TOURMALINE-MM1 CCS试验入组标准的患者相比，符合入组标准的患者ORR更高［77.8％（14/18）对46.4％（26/56），P＝0.020］，两组3～4级AE发生率的差异无统计学意义［33.3％（6/18）对37.5％（21/56），P＝0.749］。 结论 IRd方案治疗复发/难治MM具有较好的疗效及安全性。

The prognosis of lung cancer remains poor due to the limited biomarker selection for treating patients with optimal chemotherapy. The aim of this study is to discover and identify new biomarkers with the value of predicting chemotherapy responses in a lung adenocarcinoma (AD) specimen. In this study, six pairs of pre-treatment fresh primary lung AD-cancer tumors with varied chemotherapy responses were used to discover new biomarkers by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE). Among the matched protein spots, 19 were up-regulated and 18 were down-regulated in chemo-sensitive tumors versus chemo-resistant tissues. These differentially expressed proteins could be divided into five classes: redox regulation protein, the cytoskeletal protein, cell metabolism enzymes or proteins, apoptosis, signal transduction mediated molecules, and other functional proteins. Proteins of interest, including PRDX2, PRDX6, and Gelsolin, were differentially expressed in chemo-sensitive tumors versus chemo-resistant tissues and these observations were validated by immunohistochemistry in 92 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens. Our results demonstrated that PRDX6 protein expression was closely related to tumor response (cc2 = 5.57, P0.05), whereas no relationship of PRDX2 and Gelsolin were obtained with tumor response (cc2 = 0.51 P0.05, cc2 = 0.41 P0.05). This tissue proteomics study provides evidence that PRDX6 may be regarded as a predictive biomarker for poor chemotherapy response, which can be helpful in guiding pretreatment protocols.

On March 11, 2020, WHO officially declared that COVID-19 had become Pandemic. As of March 31, the epidemic had affected more than 178 countries and regions, with more than 780 000 confirmed cases. The Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework for the sharing of influenza viruses and access to vaccines and other benefits (the 'PIP Framework' or 'Framework') is an international arrangement adopted by the World Health Organization in May 2011 to improve global pandemic influenza preparedness and response. Since the transmission route and transmission capacity of COVID-19 are similar to that of influenza A (H1N1) in 2009, which conforms to the basic elements of "human pandemic", and the epidemic scale has exceeded that of influenza A (H1N1)， it is probable to incorporate COVID-19 epidemic response into PIPF, and at the same time to verify and improve PIPF in practice. It is recommended that WHO, other international organizations and relevant countries make full use of the PIPF system to respond to the epidemic and better coordinate national actions at the global level. At the same time, China should also make the planning and deploy of domestic epidemic prevention and control and international epidemic cooperation under the framework.2020年3月11日，WHO正式宣布新型冠状病毒肺炎（简称新冠肺炎）疫情规模已形成大流行。截至3月31日，疫情波及超过178个国家和地区，累计确诊病例超过78万例。2011年，WHO已建立大流行性流感防范框架（PIPF），以平等、透明、公正地共享H5N1流感病毒及其他可能引起人间大流行的流感病毒，进而获取疫苗、共享其他相关利益，推动全球流感大流行防范和应对工作。由于新冠肺炎的传播途径、传播力与2009年甲型H1N1流感病毒相似，符合“引起人间大流行”的基本要素，且流行规模已超过甲型H1N1流感大流行，因此可以将新冠肺炎疫情应对纳入PIPF，同时实战验证并改进PIPF。建议WHO、其他国际组织和相关国家充分利用PIPF体系应对疫情，在全球层面更好地协调各个国家的行动；同时，我国也应在框架下全面做好国内疫情防控和国际疫情协同的规划与布局。.

In this paper, the fly ash cenosphere was coated evenly on the surface with Ni–P alloy in chemical plating method. The coated cenosphere was used for coating as filler, and its heat insulation performance and absorbing performance was tested. The results show that the cenosphere chemical nickel plating material complex dielectric constant is bigger than complex permittivity in both real part and imaginary part. The imaginary part of complex permeability is close to zero, which means it belongs to the electromagnetic loss type materials. e″ appeared the maximum 20·3 when the frequency is 4 GHz. We tested the cenosphere heat insulation coating with self-made heat insulation device. The temperature difference between back coating at balance point and the blank sample reached 10°C, indicating obvious heat insulation effect.

In this paper, we produced spinel structure nanometre cobalt blue powder pigment by chemical coprecipitation. We also modified it through element doping and analysed the spinel structure and colouring mechanism of the pigment. We discussed the process conditions of coprecipitation reaction, the influence of doping element and its content on the properties of cobalt blue pigments spectral reflection effect. The morphology and particle size of powders were characterised through scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The doping element type and content have great influence on the spectral curve of the cobalt pigment. High temperature in sintering contributes to the performance of the products. The sample produced at 1250°C sintering possesses good reflection characteristics, which is similar to chlorophyll.

According to the observed daily maximum temperature data from 756 climate stations in China during 1961–2015, the frequency, intensity, impacted area, and population exposure of the large scale heatwaves (HWs) are calculated by the Intensity-Area-Duration method. During 1961–2015, averagely 24.6 HWs happened every year with an average intensity of 34.4°C, impacting 4.71 million km2, around 49.1% of the territory of China. In 2000s, the HW frequency and impacted area have increased by 1.5 times and the intensity has increased by 0.3°C. The largest population exposure is in Central China. There are three stable high value centers of population exposure in China: Northwest China, Central China and North China. The northwest high-value-center is almost stable and isolated. As the north and central high-value-centers are becoming larger, they are likely to merge into one. In 2013, the abnormally strong and stable western Pacific subtropical high and the equally stable Qinghai-Tibet high are the main reasons for the severest HWs in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Moreover, North China has started to be invaded by HWs. At the same time, the expansion of the central and north HW centers may involve more populated and developed areas with the threat of HWs. These will affect the social stability, the human health and sustainable development of the national economy.

We present what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first diode-pumped Nd:La3Ga5SiO14 (Nd:LGS) laser emitting at 888 nm, based on the 4F3/2-4I9/2 transition, generally used for a 904 nm emission. The use of a pump module with 16 passes through the crystal allowed the realization of a Nd:LGS thin-disk laser with 1.41 W of continuous wave (cw) output power at 888 nm. Moreover, intracavity second-harmonic generation (SHG) in cw mode has also been demonstrated with a power of 221 mW at 444 nm by using a BiB3O6 (BiBO) nonlinear crystal.

We report for the first time a continuous-wave (CW) yellow laser emission by sum-frequency mixing in Nd:YAG crystal. Using type-I critical phase-matching LBO crystal, a yellow laser at 572 nm is obtained by 1444 and 946 nm intracavity sum-frequency mixing. The maximum laser output power of 178 mW is obtained when an incident pump laser of 18.2 W is used. At the output power level of 178 mW, the output stability is better than 4.2%.

A dual-wavelength continuous-wave (CW) diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser that generates simultaneous laser action at the wavelengths 914 and 1342 nm is demonstrated. A total dual-wavelength output power of 1.79 W was achieved at the incident pump power of 18.2 W. Furthermore, intracavity sum-frequency mixing at 914 and 1342 nm was then realized in a LBO crystal to reach the yellow-green range. We obtained a total CW output power of 212 mW at 544 nm.

We report for the first time a continuous wave (CW) coherent radiation at 611 nm by intracavity sum-frequency generation of 1064 nm Nd:YVO4 laser and 1433 nm Nd:YAP laser. Red-orange laser is obtained by using a doubly cavity, type-II critical phase matching KTP crystal sum-frequency mixing. With total pump power of 27.9 W (17.8 W pump power for 1433 nm Nd:YAP laser and 10.1 W pump power for 1064 nm Nd:YVO4 laser), TEM00 mode red-orange laser at 611 nm of 1.15 W is obtained. The red-orange power stability in 30 min is better than 4.3%.

The use of nanoparticles on thin-film solar cells is an effective way to enhance optical absorption. A simulation is presented of a three-dimensional array of cylindrical Ag nanoparticles on the surface of a solar cell, which has been proved very efficient to enhance the optical absorption of the silicon substrate by utilizing localized surface plasmons. The enhancement ratio has been simulated with respect to nanoparticle radius and height as well as crystalline silicon substrate thickness and is discussed in detail. The absorption enhancements were found to exhibit a damping oscillation when only height or thickness of the cylindrical nanoparticle were varied. Even without intentional optimization, an enhancement factor of 1.283 for a silicon substrate with a thickness of 500 nm was still achieved in our simulations. A further optimized structure has the potential to attain a higher factor.

Based on the gasoline direct-injection spark ignition (DISI) engine technologies and methanol fuel characteristics, a complex-guided multi-hole spray coupled with induction swirl and chamber-wall-guided stratified-charge combustion system for a DISI methanol engine was developed. It was retrofitted from a four-cylinder diesel engine with a compression ratio of 14. It was developed to run on methanol in stratified-charge and homogeneous-charge combustion modes; under part-load operating conditions, stratified-charge combustion is adopted to improve fuel economy while, under high- and full-load conditions, the homogeneous-charge combustion mode is adopted for the purpose of a higher power output. Under both combustion modes, the key parameters of the combustion system were matched and optimized respectively. The operating map for both combustion modes was obtained. Then, the engine power performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics were studied. The power output of the developed methanol engine is higher than that of the original diesel engine. By using the stratified combustion mode under low-load conditions, the engine fuel economy (the brake thermal efficiency) is improved; the stratified-charge combustion of methanol performed relatively well with acceptable values of the coefficient of the cyclic variation in the indicated mean effective pressure. The smoke and nitrogen oxide emissions from the DISI methanol engine are both reduced simultaneously and significantly.

On the basis of the wall-guided, spray-guided, and air-guided technologies related to gasoline direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) engines, a complex-guided stratified-charge combustion system for a methanol DISI engine was developed. The test engine was a retrofitted four-cylinder diesel engine. The key parameters were optimized numerically and experimentally, such as the location of the swirl deflector, the spatial location of spray, the swirl ratio, the injection and ignition timings, and the needle valve opening pressure. The results show that the direct-injection stratified-charge (DISC) methanol engine can work with an excessive air ratio λ as high as 2.23, and its brake thermal efficiency reaches 29.7 per cent at a speed of 1500r/min, and a brake mean effective pressure of 0.45MPa. The DISC methanol engine exhibits relatively good performance with little cyclic variations, although it is sensitive to induction swirl. The test results indicate that the matching principle is successful. The developed DISC methanol engine can run under variable induction swirl to meet the requirement of stratification combustion under different engine speed operating conditions.

Compressive Sensing (CS) has proved to be an effective technique in terms of spectrum sensing of Cognitive Radio (CR). However the signal reconstruction is costly and unnecessary. Through analysis of Restricted Isometry Property (RIP) of CS, it is feasible to detect the primary user directly through the compressed signal. In this paper, a novel Energy Approximation model based on Compressive Spectrum Sensing (EA-CSS) in cognitive radios is proposed. In contrast with the traditional compressive spectrum sensing scheme, this method does not need to reconstruct the original signal and has lower complexity algorithms at the same time. In the modeling, the observed signal energy and the original signal energy is nearly equal. The cooperative sensing based on this model is also improved and shows more robust to the noise compare with the common cooperative sensing scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed techniques have a reliable detection performance with small number of samples.

We report for the first time a continuous-wave (CW) blue-green laser emission by sum-frequency mixing in Nd:CNGG crystal. Using type-I critical phase-matching LBO crystal, a blue-green laser at 497 nm is obtained by 1061 and 935 nm intracavity sum-frequency mixing. The maximum laser output power of 232 mW is obtained when an incident pump laser of 18.2 W is used. At the output power level of 232 mW, the output stability is better than 3.67%. The beam quality M2 value is are about 1.26 and 1.38 in both horizontal and vertical dimensions respectively.

We report for the first time a continuous-wave (CW) blue laser emission by sum-frequency mixing in Nd:LuVO4 crystal. Using type-I critical phase-matching (CPM) LBO crystal, a blue laser at 493 nm is obtained by 1066 and 916 nm intracavity sum-frequency mixing. The maximum laser output power of 520 mW is obtained when an incident pump laser of 18.2 W is used. At the output power level of 520 mW, the output stability is better than 2.8%. The beam quality M2 value is are about 1.22 and 1.31 in both horizontal and vertical dimensions respectively.

It is reported that efficient continuous-wave (CW) red laser generation at 693 nm in a LBO crystal at type-I phase matching direction performed with a diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser. With incident pump power of 18.2 W, output power of 278 mW at 693 nm has been obtained using a 10 mm-long LBO crystal. At the output power level of 278 mW, the output stability is better than 2.9%.

A diode-end-pumped continuous-wave (CW) simultaneous dual-wavelength laser operation at 1062 and 1331 nm in a single Nd:GGG was demonstrated. A total output power of 1.08 W at the two fundamental wavelengths was achieved at the incident pump power of 18.2 W. The optical-to-optical conversion is up to 5.9% with respect to the incident pump power. To the best of our knowledge, this is first work on CW simultaneous dual-wavelength operation of a diode pumped Nd:GGG laser. The article is published in the original.)

We describe the output performances of the 1048 nm transition in Yb:YAG under in-band pumping with diode laser at the 968 nm wavelength. An end-pumped Yb:YAG crystal yielded 787 mW of continuous-wave (CW) output power for 9.1 W of absorbed pump power. Furthermore, 104 mW 524 nm green light was acquired by frequency doubling. Comparative results obtained for the pump with diode laser at 940 nm are given in order to prove the advantages of the in-band pumping.

A dual-wavelength continuous-wave (CW) diode end-pumped Nd3+:YAlO3 (Nd:YAP) laser that generates simultaneous laser action at the wavelengths 930 and 1341 nm is demonstrated. A total output power of 778 mW for the dual-wavelength was achieved at the incident pump power of 17.8 W. Furthermore, intracavity sum-frequency mixing at 930 and 1341 nm was then realized in a LBO crystal to reach the yellow-green range. We obtained a total CW output power of 103 mW at 549 nm.

A dual-wavelength continuous-wave (CW) diode end-pumped Nd3+:YAlO3 (Nd:YAP) laser that generates simultaneous laser action at the wavelengths 1064 and 930 nm is demonstrated. A total output power of 2.15 W (1.57 W at 1064 nm and 0.58 W at 930 nm) for the dual-wavelength was achieved at the incident pump power of 17.8 W with optical conversion efficiency of 12.1%. The M2 values for 930 and 1064 nm lights were found to be around 1.21 and 1.32, respectively.

Radiation polymerization of N-vinylcarbaozle (VCz), in benzene solutions, in vacuum or nitrogen-bubbled at different concentrations was carried out by 60Co γ-ray radiation at a dose rate of 10.5 kGy/h. Unlike other vinyl compounds, VCz polymerizes at a higher radiation dosage; however, the side groups of carbazole are not eliminated from their sites. Gel permeation chromatography was used to characterize molecular weight and distribution. Oxidation was found only when polymerization was conducted using nitrogen-bubbled solutions at lower concentration of VCz. The optimization to polymerize VCz was obtained based on the dependence of polymer yield on radiation dosage. Single layer electroluminescent device based on commercially radically polymerized poly(N-vinylcarbazole) shows inferiority in luminance and efficiency, due to electronic traps resulted from heterogeneous end groups, when compared with that based on radiation-polymerized PVCz free of heterogeneous end groups. The effect of the different end groups may be confirmed by the divergent morphology when PVCz thin films were annealed above glass transition temperature (Tg).

The pure rotational spectrum of NaCH3 and NaCD3 in their X 1 A 1 states has been recorded using millimeter/sub-mm direct absorption techniques in the 300–510 GHz range. This work is the first gas-phase detection of sodium monomethyl, which was created by the reaction of sodium vapor with tetramethyl tin. Ten rotational transitions were measured for NaCH3 for the K=0 through K=5 components and, in select cases, up to K=10, and four transitions (K=0–7) for NaCD3. Rotational constants have been accurately determined for both isotopomers, suggesting a sodium–carbon bond length of 2.30 A and an H–C–H bond angle of 107.3°.

The sodium sulfide radical NaS has been observed in the laboratory for the first time using millimeter/submillimeter direct absorption spectroscopy. Twelve rotational transitions originating in both the Ω = 1/2 and 3/2 sublevels of this species in its X2Πi ground state were recorded in the frequency range 200-400 GHz. Splittings arising from lambda-doubling interactions were resolved in both spin-orbit components and were particularly large (~2.9 GHz) in the Ω = 1/2 substate. The data were analyzed using a2Π Hamiltonian, and rotational, spin-orbit, and lambda-doubling parameters were determined. NaS may be detectable in the late-type star IRC +10216, given the observation of CS, SiS, NaCl, and NaCN in this object.

Pure rotational spectroscopy of the FeCl radical (X6Δi) has been carried out using millimeter/sub-millimeter direct absorption techniques. The species was created by the reaction of chlorine with iron vapor. All six spin-orbit components were observed in the majority of the twenty-one rotational transition recorded. Chlorine hyperfine structure was resolved in the Ω = 92 and 72 components, and lambda-type doubling observed in the Ω = 3212, and −12 ladders. The data were analyzed with a 6Δ Hamiltonian, and rotational, fine structure, lambda-doubling, and hyperfine parameters determined. The hyperfine and lambda-doubling interactions in FeCl appear to be different from those in the FeF radical.

The permanent electric dipole moments of the ground, and the low‐lying excited electronic states of platinum monocarbide, PtC, platinum monoxide, PtO, and platinum monosulfide, PtS, were measured using a molecular beam optical Stark spectroscopic scheme. The determined values were (in Debye): PtO(X 3Σ−) 2.77(2); PtO(A 1Σ+) 1.15(4); PtS[X(Ω=0)] 1.78(2); PtS[B(Ω=0)] 0.54(6); PtC(X 1Σ+) 0.99(5); and PtC(A 1Π) 2.454(3). These results, along with the previous results for PtN(X 2Π1/2) 1.977(9); PtN(d 4Π1/2) 1.05(9) [J. Chem. Phys. 102, 643 (1995)], are used as a basis for a discussion of the nature of the electronic states.

The gaseous products generated in the supersonic coexpansion of laser ablated platinum vapor with methane or acetylene were probed by visible laser induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy. Both platinum monocarbide, PtC, and an unidentified Pt‐containing polyatomic molecule were detected. The intense (0,0)A’ 1Π→X 1Σ+ (T00=13 196.13 cm−1) and (0,0)A 1Π→X 1Σ+ (T00=18 510.71 cm−1) band systems of PtC were recorded at a resolution of ∼0.001 cm−1. The magnetic hyperfine splitting exhibited in the spectral features of the 195PtC isotopomer was analyzed and indicates that the A’ 1Π and A 1Π states arise primarily from a...σ1π1 and a...δ3π1 configurations, respectively.

Numerous band systems in the visible spectral region of a supersonic molecular beam sample were detected using medium-resolution laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. Three of the intense band systems were recorded at high resolution and rotationally analyzed. Pure rotational transitions in the ground state of 194 PtS, 195 PtS, and 196 PtS were recorded using the pump/probe microwave optical double-resonance technique. Spectroscopic constants for the ground and three low-lying excited vibronic states have been derived.

The abilities to trigger and guide high-voltage discharge by using single andemmultiple filaments/em(MFs) are experimentally studied. It is shown that the discharge voltage threshold can be reduced significantly in both regimes of single and MF; however, the MF does not gain a larger reduction than a single filament. This behavior of the MF is attributed to the single discharge path rather than simultaneous multiple ones as one might expect during the discharge process.

Numerous band systems in the visible spectral region of a supersonic molecular beam sample were detected using medium-resolution laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. Three of the intense band systems were recorded at high resolution and rotationally analyzed. Pure rotational transitions in the ground state of 194 PtS, 195 PtS, and 196 PtS were recorded using the pump/probe microwave optical double-resonance technique. Spectroscopic constants for the ground and three low-lying excited vibronic states have been derived.

A zero-voltage switching DC/DC converter with the high circuit efficiency is presented in this paper. The structure of a full-bridge converter with the phase-shift PWM is used to achieve the zero-voltage switching in the transformer primary side for the purpose of the switching lose reduction. In order to increase the converter efficiency in the transformer secondary side, a current doublers rectifier, low current ripple, and synchronized rectifier circuits are also adopted. The detail circuit operation and mathematical analysis are presented in this paper. The measured efficiency on the prototype, a DC/DC converter 200V/24V with 6A output current, is higher than 88%.

Sodium monoacetylide has been observed in the laboratory for the first time using millimeter/submillimeter direct absorption techniques. The species was produced by the reaction of sodium vapor and acetylene under DC discharge conditions. Nineteen rotational transitions of NaCCH in its X1Σ ground state and 14 lines of the deuterium isotopomer NaCCD were recorded in the range 270-510 GHz. From these data, highly accurate rotational constants were determined. The detection of NaCN and NaCl in the envelope of the evolved carbon star IRC +10216 suggests that other sodium-bearing species may be present in this object.

The hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase (NS5B) is strictly required for viral replication and thus represents an attractive target for antiviral drug development. In this study, stable HeLa cell lines with an integrated NS5B gene were selected by G418 and then confirmed by genome PCR. Subsequently, transcription and expression of the integrated NS5B genes were demonstrated by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Further analysis demonstrated enzymatic activity of the expressed NS5B polymerase. The stable HeLa cell lines should be useful for the identification of NS5B inhibitors and for studying the mechanisms of HCV replication.

To combine measurement and image technology as an objective means to help prosthodontists provide better service.The system was developed by consisting of two CCD cameras, real time hardware for the recognition of markers and software for the 3D reconstruction.It allowed efficient, direct and noninvasive calculation of the 3D liner and angular measurements of the human face.This system is a useful way to get 3D information of the human face. It will be a good supplement to the classic cephalometric analyses.

IAA oxidase activity during the fruit bud differentiation of "Ping Guo Li" in leaves measured by UV-Vis method was studied. The method is less sample, simple operation and high sensitivity. The test of recovery and repetition shows that both the precision and accuracy accord with the demands.

It is regarded as an effective method to improve the flux pinning performance by the additives of the secondary phase inclusions in nano sizes into high temperature superconductor bulks. We prepared the single domain superconductor GdBa2Gi3O7-δ bulks with variable additions of (ZrO2+SnO2+ZnO) nano-particles in air by using top seed melt-textured growth process. The effect of nano-particle additions on superconductivity properties has been investigated. An enhancement of the critical current JC in low and intermediate field at 77K and trapped field was discovered by the additions of the nano-particles. At the same time, the superconductor transition temperature, TC, slightly decreases from 93.5K to 91.5K The microstructure measurements show that the nano-particle inclusions enhance with the increase of the content of nano-particles, which may illuminate the JC enhancement of the specimens.

Two hundred eighty five cases of ectopic pregnancy in Beijing area from Jan. 1 to Dec. 31 1990 including 150 cases of intrauterine devices (IUD) and 135 cases of non-IUD users were studied. Clinico-pathological observation included the history of pelvic inflammatory disease, the site of ectopic pregnancy, the classification of previous tubal inflammation of the ectopic side and other pathologic lesions, the side of the corpus luteum of pregnancy and histology of endometrium, etc. Besides, using stereologic technique the cilia length and cilia density of endosalpinx were studied in 50 cases through image analysis system. Results showed that except for a significant higher frequency of ovarian pregnancy in IUD-users, there was no significant differences between the 2 groups. It indicated that the degree of injury of fallopian tubes and the factors causing the damage were similar in both groups. The authors concluded that IUD does not increase the risk of fallopian tube lesions.

Balloon catheter dilatation of the prostate (BCDP) was performed in 25 patients with prostatic hypertrophy. All patients suffered from dysuria or urinary retention. Follow-up for 8-14 months showed that 20 patients had satisfactory results. The balloon catheter of 25 mm x 50 mm was inflated at 4-6 atm for 10-15 minutes. BCDP was modified for the use in the local hospitals.

The stereological study was carried out in 8 normal and 22 IUGR placentas through Image Analysis System of Cambridge Instruments Quantimet 970 and 10 indices were analysed. The results showed that in the IUGR group the placental indices of total surface area of acroteric villus, total volume of intervillous space, volume density of fetal capillaries, total volume of fetal capillaries and surface area density of vasculo-syncytial membrane were significantly reduced than those in the normal group. The vasculo-syncytial membrane became significantly thick in the IUGR placental group. It was confirmed that a close relation exists between IUGR and placental quantitative changes. The major pathological findings of the placenta were prematuration and hypoplasia.

It has been recognized that the effects of coupled vibrations are the most important when the natrural frequencies of torsional and axial vibrations are equal to each other or that axial natrural frequency is double of that of torsional. Especially the response of axial vibration, which frequency is double of that of torsional resonance, may become very serious. Two types of coupled vibration between torsional & axial vibration in crankshafting are introduced. And the method to calculate the coupled vibrations at the same frequency and at the double frequency of axial to torsional is presented. Dynamic model tests & torsional and axial vibration tests of practical crankshaftings on board have been performed. From the tests and calculations, a phenomenon of torsional-axial continued vibration, progressive in nature, as a result of coupled vibration are revealed.

The surface structure of Clonorchis sinensis cercariae was observed under scanning electron microscope. The cercaria was of the parapleuro-lophocercous type. The measurements of the cercariae were as follows: body 137-240 x 62-90 microns, tail 320-470 x 21-34 microns, oral sucker 27-46 x 23-33 microns. The ventral sucker was incompletely developed and much smaller than the oral one. The whole body surface was covered with backward pointing spines. Four horizontal rows of oral spines were found around the mouth opening of the oral sucker. These spines diminished in size with the distance of the rows from the opening and their numbers were 12, 18, 19 and 18 respectively. Transverse and longitudinal plicae formed from tegument were found on the surface of the tail, being in connection with dorsal and ventral fins along posterior half of the tail. Many sensory structures or papillae were observed on the body. They were of three different types: 1) papillae with long or short cilia distributed widely on the body surface and around the mouth opening, the number of papillae with cilia on the body surface being greater than that described by Komiya et al (1940); 2) a few sensory fossa on the tail, measuring 1.0 x 0.6 microns; 3) a few ring-type papillae with knob on the body surface with pore of 0.5 micron in diameter.

The effect of albendazole on the body wall and gut of Clornorchis sinensis was studied with transmission and scanning electron microscopes after albendazole administration to rats infected with Chonorchis sinensis at a single dose of 150 mg/kg. The results showed that swelling and adhesion of the projections of the tegument and gut microvilli occurred 1h after medication. Necrosis and disruption of the projections and the gut microvilli were seen at the 24th h. By the 72nd h, detachment of the partial projections were seen. The dynamic process of the damages observed on the tegument was identical with that of the gut microvilli (Figs. 1-10).

The frequency dependence of the complex ac susceptibility of a magnetic conducting sphere is derived. The resultant formulas can be used to determine electrical conductivity from ac susceptibility measurements, to calculate ac susceptibilities of standard samples for the calibration of ac susceptometers, and to analyze ac losses in materials research.