Search

TEZ11222 Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2018. Kaynakça (s. 33-35) var. xiv, 37 s. : res. (bzs. rnk.), tablo ; 29 cm. Literatürde son yıllarda borun (B) abiyotik stres faktörlerine, özellikle kuraklığa karşı bitkiye dayanıklılık kazandırdığı bildirilmiştir. Borun kuraklık stresine karşı dayanıklılığını ortaya koymak için sera koşullarında gerçekleştirilen bu tez çalışmasında, beş farklı B (0, 0.2, 1.0, 5.0 ve 25.0 mg kg-1 B) ve beş farklı yarayışlı su (YS) uygulamasının (Y.S %10, Y.S %25, Y.S %50, Y.S %75 ve Y.S %100) Kebeos mısır çeşidinde, bitkinin kuru madde verimi, yeşil aksam B konsantrasyonu ve B içeriğine olan etkisi belirlenmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre yarayışlı su miktarı arttıkça bitkinin yeşil aksam kuru madde veriminin arttığı belirlenmiştir. Buna karşılık artan B uygulamaları ile bitkinin kuru madde veriminde azalmalar meydana gelmiştir. Yarayışlı suyun %10 olduğu uygulamalarda B’un verilmediği kontrol uygulamasına göre B uygulamalarından kaynaklı yeşil aksam kuru madde verim azalışlarının sırasıyla %5.6, %3.8, %19.5 ve %10.7 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Benzer azalışların yarayışlı suyun %25, %50 ve %75 uygulamalarında da olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlara karşılık yarayışlı suyun %100 verildiği durumda artan B uygulamalarından kaynaklı verim azalışlarının olmadığı aksine verim artışlarının (%16.5-%33.3) olduğu gözlenmiştir. Artan dozlarda B uygulamaları ile mısır bitkisinin yeşil aksam B konsantrasyonunun önemli düzeyde arttığı görülmüştür. Yarayışlı su uygulamalarından bağımsız olarak tüm saksılar için B‘un verilmediği uygulamada bitkinin yeşil aksam B konsantrasyonu 11.5 mg kg-1 iken, B’un 0.2, 1.0, 5.0 ve 25 mg kg-1 dozlarında ise bitkilerin yeşil aksam B konsantrasyonlarının sırasıyla 12.4, 13.6, 29.0 ve 178.7 mg kg-1 düzeylerine çıktığı görülmüştür. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre özellikle B’un toprakta alınabilirliğinin düşük olduğu koşullarda sulama düzeyinin arttırılması B’un bitkilerce alınabilirliğini arttırdığı, B eksikliğinden kaynaklı verim kayıplarının önüne geçebildiğini göstermiştir. In recent years, it has been reported in the literature that boron (B) improves the resistance of the plants to abiotic stress factors, particularly to drought. In this thesis study carried out under the greenhouse conditions in order to demonstrate the role of B in resistance to drought stress, the effect of five different B (0, 0.2, 1.0, 5.0 and 25.0 mg kg-1 B) and five different available water (AW) (AW 25%, AW 50%, AW 75% and AW 100%) on the dry matter yield of the plant, the shoot B concentration and content in the Kebeos corn variety was determined. According to the obtained results it has been determined that the dry matter yield of the plant increased as the amount of available water increased. However, with increasing B applications, the plant's dry matter yield has decreased. Under the applications where the available water is 10%, the dry matter yield decreases due to B applications compared to the control application were determined to be 5.6%, 3.8%, 19.5% and 10.7%, respectively. Similar decreases were found in 25%, 50% and 75% of available water applications. In contrast to these results, there were not decreases in the yield due to increasing B applications in the case where the available water was given 100%, whereas yield increases (16.5% -33.3%) were observed. The shoot B concentration of the corn plant has been seen increased significantly with increasing doses of B treatments. Irrespective of available water applications in the application where B was not given for all pots, while the shoot B concentration of the plant was 11.5 mg kg- 1, whereas at the B doses of 0.2, 1.0, 5.0 and 25 mg kg-1, the shoot B concentrations of the plants were seen to increase at the levels of 12.4 and 13.6 mg kg-1, 29.0 and 178.7 mg kg-1, respectively. According to the results obtained from the study, it has been shown that increasing of the level of irrigation, particularly under the conditions where available B is low in soil increased the availability of B to the plants, lead to be able to prevent the losses of the yields due to deficiency of B.

Effective population size as a parameter closely correlating with the genetic and genotypic diversity of the seed orchard output is an important indicator of seed orchard functioning. It is determined by the variation of male and female gametic contributions of parental genotypes (including those outside the seed orchard), influenced by the variation in male and female gamete production, reproductive phenology, pollen dispersal within seed orchard and other factors. We assessed male and female fecundity, as well as temporal course of male and female flowering in two seed orchards of Pinus nigra ARNOLD and Fraxinus excelsior L./F. angustifolia VAHL. in Slovakia. In both cases, male and female gametic contributions of plus-tree clones were modeled on the basis of fecundity and flowering phenology, and were used to calculate status number as an estimator of effective population size. In the seed orchard of Pinus nigra, marker-aided verification of clonal fidelity revealed unexpectedly high proportion of misplaced ramets (29.9%) and alien genotypes (44.4%). Monitoring of reproductive processes in 2002 and 2003 showed high variation in both male and female fecundity, and pollen shedding preceding female receptivity in Pinus nigra. All these factors contributed to a very low relative status effective number, representing 8.6% to 38.6% of the population census (depending from the management option in relation to misplaced and alien genotypes). In the mixed seed orchard of Fraxinus excelsior and F. angustifolia, the proportion of misplaced and alien genotypes was much lower (22.4% and 12.3%, respectively). However, a high fecundity variation and protogyny resulted in a low relative status number (18.8% to 29.5% of the census number of clones) also in this seed orchard. Practical implications of these findings are shortly discussed and practical management options are proposed.

Response of 16 oilseed rape genotypes to B (boron) toxicity was analyzed by comparing the results of two experiments conducted in a glasshouse. In Experiment 1 plants were grown in standard nutrient solutions with 10 µMB (control) and 1000 µM B. Relative root and shoot growth varied from 20-120% and 31-117%, respectively. Variation in B concentration in shoots was also wide (206.5-441.7 µg B g-1 DW) as well as total B uptake by plant (62.3-281.2 µg B g1). Four selected genotypes were grown in Experiment 2 in pots filled with high B soil (8 kg ha-1 B; B8). Shoot growth was not affected by B8 treatment, while root and shoot B concentration was significantly increased compared to control. Genotypes Panther and Pronto which performed low relative root and shoot growth and high B accumulation in plants in Experiment 1, had good growth in B8 treatment. In Experiment 2 genotype NS-L-7 had significantly lower B concentration in shots under treatment B8, but also very high B accumulation in Experiment 1. In addition, cluster analyses classified genotypes in three groups according to traits contrasting in their significance for analyzing response to B toxicity. The first group included four varieties based on their shared characteristics that have small value for the relative growth of roots and shoots and large values of B concentration in shoot. In the second largest group were connected ten genotypes that are heterogeneous in traits and do not stand out on any characteristic. Genotypes NS-L-7 and Navajo were separated in the third group because they had big relative growth of root and shoot, but also a high concentration of B in the shoot, and high total B uptake. Results showed that none of tested genotypes could not be recommended for breeding process to tolerance for B toxicity. Izvod Odgovor 16 genotipova uljane repice na toksičnost B (bora) analizirana je poređenjem rezultata dva ogleda izvedenim u stakleniku. U Ogledu 1, biljke su gajene u hranljivim rastvorima sa dva tretmana B: 10 µM B (kontrola) i 1000 µM B (toksična koncentracija). Vrednosti za relativni porast korena i nadzemnog dela varirale su od 20-120% i 31-117%, po redu. Koncentracija B je takođe značajno varirala (206.5-441.7 µg B g-1 SM) kao i ukupno usvojena količina B po biljci. Na osnovu rezultata dobijenih u Ogledu 1 odabrana su četiri genotipa koja su u Ogledu 2 gajena u posudama sa zemljištem kome je dodat B preračunato za poljske uslove u količini od 8 kg ha-1 (B8) uz kontrolu..Toksične količine B nisu negativno uticale na porast biljaka, dok je koncentracija B u korenu i nadzemnoj masi značajno povećana u poređenju sa kontrolom. Iako su u Ogledu 1 zabeležene velike razlike u porastu biljaka i koncentraciji B u suvoj masi, rezultati dobijeni u Ogledu 2, nisu pokazali da je kod bilo kog genotipa prisutna tipična reakcija na osnovu koje bi bili svrstani u grupu osetljivih ili tolerantnih na tiksičnost B. Genotipovi Panther i Pronto kod kojih je u Ogledu 1 zabeležen mali relativni porast korena i nadzemnog dela, kao i velika koncentracija B u biljci, imali su dobar porast u tretmanu sa 8 kg ha-1. U Ogledu 2, kod genotipa NS-L-7 zabeležena je značajno niža koncnetracija B u nadzemnom delu biljaka, ali i velika akumulacija B u Ogledu 1. Kluster analizom genotipovi su podeljeni u tri grupe na osnovu relativnog porasta korena i nadzemnog dela, koncentracije B u njima i ukupnom usvajanju B po biljci, ali tako da ne ukazuju na eventualno postojanje otpornosti na toksičnost B. Istraživanje je pokazalo da ni jedan od 16 testiranih genotipova ne može da bude preporučen za proces oplemenjivanja za otpornost na toksičnost B.

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se quantificar a produção de matéria seca e os conteúdos de B, Ca e Mg na cultura da soja cultivada em solos com diferentes texturas que receberam doses crescentes de B e calagem, e correlacionar o conteúdo de B absorvido pela planta com o teor de B recuperado com água e CaCl2 ferventes sob influência de doses de boro e a calagem aplicadas em três solos distintos. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 x 6, consistindo de três solos: textura arenosa (RQ), textura média (LVA1) e textura argilosa (LVA2), com e sem calagem, e seis doses de B (0; 1,5; 3; 6; 9 e 15 mg dm-3), em blocos casualizados com três repetições. Determinou-se o teor de B no solo extraível com água e CaCl2 ferventes após 45 dias da adição das doses de B aos solos, massa de matéria seca da parte aérea e os teores de B, Ca e Mg na soja. Os teores de B recuperado, tanto pela água fervente, quanto pelo CaCl2 fervente foram semelhantes nos três solos estudados e, apresentaram altas correlações com o conteúdo de B e o peso de matéria seca. As doses de B adicionadas aumentaram a sua absorção pelas plantas, mas causaram redução na produção de matéria seca da parte aérea nos solos RQ (textura arenosa), LVA1 (textura média) e o LVA2 (textura argilosa) com calagem, neste último solo, o efeito é minimizado na presença de maior teor de argila. This work aimed to quantify the dry matter production and the contents of B, Ca and Mg in soybean plants grown in soils with different textures, which received increasing doses of B, and liming. Additionally, it was correlated the B contents in the plants with the B recovered from the soil with boiling water and CaCl2. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a factorial 3 x 2 x 6 (three soils: sand texture (RQ), loamy sand (LVA1) and clayey (LVA2) textures; with and without liming; and six B doses: 0; 1,5; 3; 6; 9 and 15 mg dm- 3 ) arranged in a entirely randomized block design with three replications. It was determined the soil B extracted with boiling water and CaCl2 45 days after the addition of the B doses to the soil. The shoots dry matter weight and theer B contents in the soybean plants were determined. The mean concentrations of B recovered by both boiling water and boiling CaCl2 were similar for the three soils and were highly correlated with the B contents in the plants and with the dry matter production. The B doses added increased B concentration in the plants, but they decreased dry matter production in the RQ soil, and in the LVA1 and LVA2 soils with liming. The detrimental effect of high B in the dry matter production was lowered in the soils with higher clay and organic matter concentrations.

Nous avons étudié le comportement du bore implanté dans des couches n obtenues par implantation de sélénium (épaisseur 0,25 μm) dans des substrats semi-isolants de GaAs dopés Chrome. Les échantillons présentant une forte résistivité, nous avons utilisé une méthode de courant transitoire stimulé optiquement. Les courants transitoires obtenus sont analysés en fonction de la température comme en D.L.T.S. Une comparaison entre les échantillons implantés bore et non implantés montre que l'implantation de bore a pour effet de faire apparaître des centres profonds. L'étude en fonction de la concentration de bore ne montre pas de niveaux liés au bore, mais un niveau généralement attribué à un excès d'Arsenic diminue quand la concentration de bore augmente. Une discussion de ces résultats est présentée dans ce papier.