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Here, we developed a sustainable solution to address the water pollution especially due to organic dye industries. Visible light-activated catalytic degradation of aqueous solution of methylene blue (MB) dye was studied by using trivalent metal ion-doped ZnO nanoparticles as a photocatalyst. The nano-photocatalysts were synthesized by microwave-irradiated solution combustion method using d-glucose as a fuel. Various experimental parameters were optimized using Taguchi design of experiment, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Grey relational analysis in order to obtain potential ZnO photocatalyst. Using ANOVA and Grey relation analysis, the optimum conditions were estimated that 5.5 mol% Cr3+-doped ZnO with 4 min MW heating and calcined at 450 °C, which shows very impressing photo-catalytic property. The ANOVA confirms that the calcination temperature and dopants significantly influence crystallite size with contribution factor of 42.28% and 40.02%, respectively. The band gap energy of the photocatalyst was largely influenced by a type of dopant with contribution 85.77%. Grey relational grading indicates that the 5.5% Al3+ doping, 4 min MW heat treatment, 450 °C calcination temperature to get lesser band gap (3.05 eV) and smaller crystallite size (46.96 nm). As compared with other L9 orthogonal array, the degradation efficiency is found to be higher (89.31%) on the Grey theory predication result for MB dye. Herewith, we strongly confirm that the Taguchi design was an promising tool in engineering the ZnO photocatalyst with a very less experimental trials and cost saving approach.

Enterprise Resource Planning is an integrate software offered by a vendor to support the integration of information flows through an organization. It is provided as a package comprising different modules, such as finance human resources, supply chain and customers information. ERP system implementation is described as lengthy and complex results in many situations of unsuccessful implementation which have Positively impacted on the results of an organization and up to 60% of implementation did not achieve all the desired benefits. A major of ERP problems are discovered in the first stage of the Enterprise resource planning system life cycle known as the pre-implementation phase. This is used by an organization to manage the office and business functions. These system make the data accessible and more usable in terms or organization of files and allows accurately planning by company and result oriented approach. The company can schedules the daily work with the help of Enterprise resource planning software solutions. It also manages the finance well. This allows the company to have communicate with the clients. It is a very cost-effective system and the benefit are better than investment. This helps in long-term planning and management.

Agriculture is a part of the most significant features in human civilization. In the last two decades, information and communication technology has contributed immensely to this field. Internet of Things [IoT] is an innovation in which actual material items like sensor nodes function together to render a technology-driven and information-based network that maximizes benefits with significantly reduced risks. IoT technology helps to collect online crop-monitoring information about conditions such as weather, humidity, soil, temperature, and fertility. IoT allows farmers to connect with their farms from anywhere at any time. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are usually used to monitor farm situation, and the process is regulated and automated with controllers. A smartphone enables farmers to stay up-to-date on the ongoing conditions of their farms from any part of the world. This paper deals with an agricultural system on the principle of Internet of Things monitoring and controlling the production process.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are a quintessential example of automation in the field of avionics. UAVs provide a platform for performing a wide variety of tasks, but in each case the concept of path planning plays an integral role. It helps to generate a pathway free of obstacles, having minimum length leading to lesser fuel consumption, lesser traversal time and helps in steering the aircraft and its corresponding antenna power signature safely around the hostile antenna to avoid detection. To optimize path planning to incorporate all the above-mentioned constraints, this paper presents two new hybrid algorithms particle swarm optimization (PSO) with harmony search algorithm and PSO with genetic algorithm. The hybrid algorithms perform both an exploratory and exploitative search, unlike the existing algorithms which are biased, towards either an exploitative search or an exploratory search. Furthermore, the hybrid algorithms are compared to the existing optimization algorithms and in all cases the hybrid algorithms give a minimum of 7% better result against PSO with up to a 40% better result against Invasive Weed optimization algorithm for a fixed computational time, suggesting better real-time applications.

Gesture recognition is an emerging topic in today’s technologies. The main focus of this is to recognize the human gestures using mathematical algorithms for human computer interaction. Only a few modes of human-computer interaction (HCI) exist, they are: through keyboard, mouse, touch screens etc. Each of these devices has their own limitations when it comes to adapting more versatile hardware in computers. Gesture recognition is one of the essential techniques to build user-friendly interfaces. Usually gestures can be originated from any bodily motion or state, but commonly originate from the face or hand. Gesture recognition enables users to interact with the devices without physically touching them. This paper describes how hand gestures are trained to perform certain actions like switching pages, scrolling up or down in a page.

This paper presents a novel digital domain self-interference (SI) cancellation scheme for full-duplex (FD) OFDM systems employing noise robust SI channel estimation technique. First using the least-square (LS) technique, both the desired and the SI channels are estimated jointly assuming that the desired as well as SI signals are perfectly known. Since, LS estimator does not consider any noise effect in obtaining its solution, it may suffers from noise. Next, to suppress the noise effect, we propose wavelet decomposition (WD) of SI channel estimate to perform denoising in time domain. In the proposed algorithm, a standard deviation of noise obtained by WD is used as a threshold value which is a requisite to achieve an optimal performance. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the joint LS algorithm as well as the previous works using conventional LS where the desired signal is assumed as noise.

Reversible logic has gained interest of researchers worldwide for its ultra-low power and high speed computing abilities in the future quantum information processing. Testing of these circuits is important for ensuring high reliability of their operation. In this work, we propose an ATPG algorithm for reversible circuits using an exact approach to generate CTS (Complete Test Set) which can detect single stuck-at faults, multiple stuck-at faults, repeated gate fault, partial and complete missing gate faults which are very useful logical fault models for reversible logic to model any physical defect. Proposed algorithm can be used to test a reversible circuit designed with k-CNOT, Peres and Fredkin gates. Through extensive experiments, we have validated our proposed algorithm for several benchmark circuits and other circuits with family of reversible gates. This algorithm produces a minimal and complete test set while reducing test generation time as compared to existing state-of-the-art algorithms. A testing tool is developed satisfying the purpose of generating all possible CTS's indicating the simulation time, number of levels and gates in the circuit. This paper also contributes to the detection and removal of redundant faults for optimal test set generation.

Hospitals are considered to be safer places where injuries are treated rather than generated. Even though hospitals follow safety measures and monitor the reports of accidents happened, there is always a boundless chance for a new accident to happen because hospital environment is charged with compound inherent risks. Apart from risks, hospitals are a combination of numerous hazards in different parts of the building like biological, chemical, physical, and fire hazards [1]. There have been major incidents in hospitals reported in the past, including the fire accident that occurred in AMRI, a hospital located in Kolkata, which killed almost 90 people in the year 2012 [2]. It is one of the recent accidents happened in hospitals in India. In the morning of May 15th, 1929 Cleveland hospital in USA encountered a massive fire accident followed by poisonous gas release from burning nitrocellulose X-ray film ignited by a nearby light bulb [3]. Around 125 people died in this disaster since there was no proper evacuation strategy and lack of fire protection systems. Fire accidents taking place in hospitals are not easily controllable, and casualties are more because the evacuating techniques are typically diverse as most of the patients cannot move out by themselves. And if the accident happens nearby anesthesia care [4] or intensive care, patients inside the wards may not be aware of fire and could not respond properly to call for help. This is why a fire accident is always very precarious in a hospital. This paper emphasizes about the hazards associated with fire in the hospital environment, proper evacuation in case of fire, and appropriate fire fighting equipment. Evacuation plan and fire extinguishing equipment should be easily approachable, readily usable, and maintained properly in regular intervals, and competent persons in evacuation techniques should be available. The constructions of buildings also play a significant role in case of evacuation. Proper guidelines followed during the construction of a hospital building can also help in avoiding various hazards which may turn into disasters. The aim of this paper is to identify hazards and provide long-term and short-term control measures to deliver safety for the staff members and the patients who have the right to be treated with dignity and also protect them during any unexpected situations.

In this paper, we have designed a quad copter which is cost effective and powered by ROS. The drone is capable of maintaining a constant altitude during hovering and a constant position for monitoring or surveillance. Robotic Operating System is implemented for trajectory tracking and telemetry. A low cost compact on-board embedded system powers the drone. Different controllers were implemented for position and altitude lock including PI and PID. The performance were compared and the results are also discussed in this paper.

In this paper, we have designed a autonomous vehicle which is cost effective and powered by Robotic Operating System (ROS). The vehicle is capable of maintaining a constant speed and distance for monitoring or surveillance. ROS is implemented for trajectory tracking and telemetry. A low cost compact on-board embedded system powers the vehicle. Various image processing techniques are been implemented for navigation and obstacle detection. Artificial Neural Network which helps in finding the shortest path by using the acquired data from image processing. Different controllers were implemented for movement and obstacle avoidance including PI and PID. The performance were compared and the results are also discussed in this paper.

Cigarette smoking is the serious health problems and most important avoidable cause of death in world. Worldwide more than 8 million people currently die each year from smoking half of them before of the age of 60. Every cigarette reduces the life span by about 5 minutes. Smoke contains oxidising agents and the oxidation reactions can produce free radicals. In turn, these radicals can start chain reactions that damage cells. In the present study 40 male subjects were divided into four different groups and their lipid profile have been estimated by various tests i.e. Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL-C, LDLC, VLDL-C. It was observed that in cigarette smokers HDL-C level decreased and cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, VLDL-C level increased as compared to the control i.e. non- cigarette smokers. In case of MDA and Antioxidant enzymes test, the value of MDA increases and antioxidant enzymes decreases in cigarette smokers as compared to the control i.e. non- cigarette smokers. The variation in the level of lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes from normal values causes several diseases such as Lung cancer, other cancers, heart disease, and stroke and has numerous immediate health effects on the brain and on the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, immune systems.

The root of Rotula aquatica is also called as pashanbed, belonging to the family Borogenaceae. It is widely distributed in India from kumaun to Assam and western to southern India.The medicinal values of plant lie in their component phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and other nutrients like as amino acid, proteins, which produce a definite physiological action on the human body. The proximate values such as moisture content, ash value, extractive value, were carried out. The dried roots powder was subjected to successive extraction with different solvents like petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, methanol, ethanol and water. Macroscopic as well as microscopic studies of any crude drug are the primary steps to establish its botanical quality control before going to other studies. Hence Standardization of crude drug plays a very important role in identifying the purity and quality of crude drugs. The present investigation reveals Standardization which include Moisture Content, Total ash, Acid insoluble ash, Water soluble ash, Water soluble Extractive value, Alcohol soluble Extractive value, Phytochemical screening, and further isolation and identification of Phytoconstituents.

Reversible logic has wide applications in the field of quantum computing, low-power design, nanotechnology, optical information processing, bioinformatics etc. Due to the reversible nature of the circuit, it is conventionally easy to test the reversible circuit compared to irreversible circuit but with its own complexity. Various fault models are defined in the literature for reversible circuit. In this paper, we propose a deterministic ATPG algorithm to generate complete test-set for intra-level single and multiple bridging faults in a reversible circuit designed with family of Toffoli, Peres and Fredkin gates. The analysis of results shows that the proposed algorithm has 100% fault coverage and reduction of test set of average of 40% compared to existing approaches in literature.

Purpose of this paper is to introduce a new technique for denoising underwater acoustic signal affected by ambient noise. Ambient noise is nonstationary and unwanted background noise caused due to manmade or natural causes. In practical application it is essential to denoise underwater acoustic signal, which is received by a hydrophone in order to get actual information. Having considered wind driven noise as a source of ambient noise, which is added to the input signal in turn makes it a noisy signal. An algorithm based on Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Fourier Bessel expansion is used to separate the input signal from the noisy signal. EMD is a time-frequency analysis method, which is suitable for analyzing nonstationary signals. It is able to decompose multicomponent signal in to finite number of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) [9]. The Mean Frequency for all the IMFs has been calculated using Fourier Bessel which is used to reconstruct the input signal.

A low power and portable EEG with active electrodes for continuous monitoring of brain waves is presented. Main innovation in the project is the development of high performance dry active electrodes, which are more practical and wearable than the conventional wet electrodes. The device was built with discrete low power analog and digital integrated circuits provided by Texas Instruments, with minimal power consumption in mind. The results obtained shows that, the device performs similar or even better than the conventional EEG systems.

Reversible logic has gained its importance in the field of low power digital design. In any digital system, the comparator plays an important role in determining whether the two referenced numbers are either equal, greater or lesser. This work deals with optimization of existing reversible comparator designs and also proposes a new multiplexer-based logic for the design of reversible comparator along with design methodology for [Formula: see text]-bit comparators. The proposed design is optimized for multiple performance parameters compared to the existing state-of-the-art designs. The proposed multiplexer-based design has 51.9% improvement in quantum cost, 50% in garbage outputs and 62% in ancilla inputs. These optimized designs find application predominantly in the field of quantum computing for low power signal processing, parallel computing, memories, digital system design and multi-processing.

The aim of the research work is polyphyto combination compression of different antilithiogenic agent and to screen its toxicity by Caco-2-cell line. Polyphyto combination was prepared by geometrical dilution method; it was subjected for aqueous and alcoholic extract. The formulation and extract were screened for its initial in vitro toxicity study using Caco-2-cell line by 3-(4, 5 dimethyl thiazole-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay method for aqueous extract of formulation. It showed nontoxic to Caco-2-cell line, even at high dose, that is, 1000 µg/ml, whereas aqueous extract (FH1) exhibited moderate toxicity CTC 50 value 875±35.3 µg, FH1 crude formulation showed significant toxicity against Caco-2-cells with low concentration with CTC 50 value 382.75 based on this result the conclusion was drown that the formulation FH2 and aqueous extract of FH1 is devoid of toxicity. The cells were dissociated with TPVG solution (0.2% trypsin, 0.02% EDTA, 0.05% glucose in PBS). Key words: Cytotoxicity, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), flavones glycosides.

This paper discusses the design and development of newer packaging schemes for Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) for sensing water pressures inside ocean. The FBGs used in this work have been fabricated using the phase mask technique, in a photosensitive germano silicate optical fiber using a 248nm UV light. The wavelength shifts (ΔλB) in the reflected light from the FBG, resulting from the strain/pressure imparted on the FBGs have been recorded using a high speed Micron-optics FBG interrogation system. Further, an experimental set up has been fabricated to test the efficiency and characteristics of different sensor packages developed. The results obtained indicate that the packages are of good sensitivity, rugged and can be customized depending on the requirement of the application.