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1. The association between gut microbiome affecting concomitant medication and the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with stage IV NSCLC

Author

M. V. Verschueren, C. M. Cramer - van der Welle, M. Tonn, F. M. N. H. Schramel, B. J. M. Peters, and E. M. W. van de Garde

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Several observational studies suggested that gut microbiome-affecting-medication impairs the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We postulated that if the effectiveness of immunotherapy is affected by drug-related changes of the microbiome, a stronger association between the use of co-medication and overall survival (OS) will be observed in patients treated with immunotherapy as compared to patients treated with chemotherapy. In a retrospective matched cohort study, immunotherapy patients were matched (1:1) to patients treated with chemotherapy in the pre immunotherapy era. The association between the use of antibiotics, opioids, proton pump inhibitors, metformin and other antidiabetics on OS was assessed with multivariable cox-regression analyses. Interaction tests were applied to investigate whether the association differs between patients treated with immuno- or chemotherapy. A total of 442 patients were studied. The use of antibiotics was associated with worse OS (adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR) 1.39, p = 0.02) independent of the type of therapy (chemotherapy or immunotherapy). The use of opioids was also associated with worse OS (aHR 1.33, p = 0.01). The other drugs studied showed no association with OS. Interaction term testing showed no effect modification by immuno- or chemotherapy for the association of antibiotics and opioids with OS. The use of antibiotics and opioids is similarly associated with worse outcomes in both chemotherapy and immunotherapy treated NSCLC patients. This suggests that the association is likely to be a consequence of confounding rather than disturbing the composition of the microbiome.

Published
2021
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2. Combined Forward-Backward Asymmetry Measurements in Top-Antitop Quark Production at the Tevatron

Author

Aaltonen, T. Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Acharya, B. S. and Adams, M. Adams, T. Agnew, J. P. Alexeev, G. D. and Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Apollinari, G. Appel, J. A. and Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Asaadi, J. Ashmanskas, W. Askew, A. Atkins, S. Auerbach, B. Augsten, K. Aurisano, A. and Aushev, V. Aushev, Y. Avila, C. Azfar, F. Badaud, F. and Badgett, W. Bae, T. Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. and Banerjee, S. Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barberis, E. Baringer, P. Barnes, V. E. Barnett, B. A. Barria, P. Bartlett, J. F. Bartos, P. Bassler, U. Bauce, M. Bazterra, V. and Bean, A. Bedeschi, F. Begalli, M. Behari, S. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. Bellinger, J. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beri, S. B. Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Bertram, I. and Besancon, M. Beuselinck, R. Bhat, P. C. Bhatia, S. and Bhatnagar, V. Bhatti, A. Bland, K. R. Blazey, G. and Blessing, S. Bloom, K. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boehnlein, A. Boline, D. Boos, E. E. Borissov, G. and Bortoletto, D. Borysova, M. Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. and Brandt, A. Brandt, O. Brigliadori, L. Brochmann, M. and Brock, R. Bromberg, C. Bross, A. Brown, D. Brucken, E. and Bu, X. B. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. Buehler, M. and Buescher, V. Bunichev, V. Burdin, S. Burkett, K. and Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Buszello, C. P. Butti, P. Buzatu, A. Calamba, A. Camacho-Perez, E. Camarda, S. Campanelli, M. Canelli, F. Carls, B. Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. and Carrillo, S. Casal, B. Casarsa, M. Casey, B. C. K. and Castilla-Valdez, H. Castro, A. Catastini, P. Caughron, S. and Cauz, D. Cavaliere, V. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. and Chakrabarti, S. Chan, K. M. Chandra, A. Chapelain, A. and Chapon, E. Chen, G. Chen, Y. C. Chertok, M. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, G. Cho, K. Cho, S. W. Choi, S. and Chokheli, D. Choudhary, B. Cihangir, S. Claes, D. Clark, A. Clarke, C. Clutter, J. Convery, M. E. Conway, J. and Cooke, M. Cooper, W. E. Corbo, M. Corcoran, M. Cordelli, M. Couderc, F. Cousinou, M. -C. Cox, C. A. Cox, D. J. and Cremonesi, M. Cruz, D. Cuevas, J. Culbertson, R. and Cuth, J. Cutts, D. Das, A. d'Ascenzo, N. Datta, M. and Davies, G. de Barbaro, P. de Jong, S. J. De La Cruz-Burelo, E. Deliot, F. Demina, R. Demortier, L. Deninno, M. and Denisov, D. Denisov, S. P. D'Errico, M. Desai, S. and Deterre, C. DeVaughan, K. Devoto, F. Di Canto, A. Di Ruzza, B. Diehl, H. T. Diesburg, M. Ding, P. F. and Dittmann, J. R. Dominguez, A. Donati, S. D'Onofrio, M. and Dorigo, M. Driutti, A. Drutskoy, A. Dubey, A. Dudko, L. V. Duperrin, A. Dutt, S. Eads, M. Ebina, K. Edgar, R. Edmunds, D. Elagin, A. Ellison, J. Elvira, V. D. and Enari, Y. Erbacher, R. Errede, S. Esham, B. Evans, H. and Evdokimov, A. Evdokimov, V. N. Farrington, S. Faure, A. and Feng, L. Ferbel, T. Fernandez Ramos, J. P. Fiedler, F. and Field, R. Filthaut, F. Fisher, W. Fisk, H. E. and Flanagan, G. Forrest, R. Fortner, M. Fox, H. Franc, J. and Franklin, M. Freeman, J. C. Frisch, H. Fuess, S. and Funakoshi, Y. Galloni, C. Garbincius, P. H. Garcia-Bellido, A. Garcia-Gonzalez, J. A. Garfinkel, A. F. Garosi, P. and Gavrilov, V. Geng, W. Gerber, C. E. Gerberich, H. and Gerchtein, E. Gershtein, Y. Giagu, S. Giakoumopoulou, V. and Gibson, K. Ginsburg, C. M. Ginther, G. Giokaris, N. and Giromini, P. Glagolev, V. Glenzinski, D. Gogota, O. and Gold, M. Goldin, D. Golossanov, A. Golovanov, G. Gomez, G. Gomez-Ceballos, G. Goncharov, M. Gonzalez Lopez, O. and Gorelov, I. Goshaw, A. T. Goulianos, K. Gramellini, E. and Grannis, P. D. Greder, S. Greenlee, H. Grenier, G. Gris, Ph. Grivaz, J. -F. Grohsjean, A. Grosso-Pilcher, C. and Grunendahl, S. Grunewald, M. W. Guillemin, T. da Costa, J. Guimaraes Gutierrez, G. Gutierrez, P. Hahn, S. R. Haley, J. Han, J. Y. Han, L. Happacher, F. Hara, K. Harder, K. Hare, M. Harel, A. Harr, R. F. Harrington-Taber, T. and Hatakeyama, K. Hauptman, J. M. Hays, C. Hays, J. and Head, T. Hebbeker, T. Hedin, D. Hegab, H. Heinrich, J. and Heinson, A. P. Heintz, U. Hensel, C. Heredia-De La Cruz, I. Herndon, M. Herner, K. Hesketh, G. Hildreth, M. D. and Hirosky, R. Hoang, T. Hobbs, J. D. Hocker, A. and Hoeneisen, B. Hogan, J. Hohlfeld, M. Holzbauer, J. L. and Hong, Z. Hopkins, W. Hou, S. Howley, I. Hubacek, Z. and Hughes, R. E. Husemann, U. Hussein, M. Huston, J. Hynek, V. Iashvili, I. Ilchenko, Y. Illingworth, R. Introzzi, G. Iori, M. Ito, A. S. Ivanov, A. Jabeen, S. Jaffre, M. James, E. Jang, D. Jayasinghe, A. Jayatilaka, B. and Jeon, E. J. Jeong, M. S. Jesik, R. Jiang, P. Jindariani, S. Johns, K. Johnson, E. Johnson, M. Jonckheere, A. and Jones, M. Jonsson, P. Joo, K. K. Joshi, J. Jun, S. Y. and Jung, A. W. Junk, T. R. Juste, A. Kajfasz, E. and Kambeitz, M. Kamon, T. Karchin, P. E. Karmanov, D. and Kasmi, A. Kato, Y. Katsanos, I. Kaur, M. Kehoe, R. and Kermiche, S. Ketchum, W. Keung, J. Khalatyan, N. Khanov, A. Kharchilava, A. Kharzheev, Y. N. Kilminster, B. Kim, D. H. Kim, H. S. Kim, J. E. Kim, M. J. Kim, S. H. and Kim, S. B. Kim, Y. J. Kim, Y. K. Kimura, N. Kirby, M. and Kiselevich, I. Kohli, J. M. Kondo, K. Kong, D. J. and Konigsberg, J. Kotwal, A. V. Kozelov, A. V. Kraus, J. and Kreps, M. Kroll, J. Kruse, M. Kuhr, T. Kumar, A. and Kupco, A. Kurata, M. Kurca, T. Kuzmin, V. A. Laasanen, A. T. Lammel, S. Lammers, S. Lancaster, M. Lannon, K. and Latino, G. Lebrun, P. Lee, H. S. Lee, J. S. Lee, S. W. Lee, W. M. Lei, X. Lellouch, J. Leo, S. Leone, S. and Lewis, J. D. Li, D. Li, H. Li, L. Li, Q. Z. Lim, J. K. Limosani, A. Lincoln, D. Linnemann, J. Lipaev, V. V. Lipeles, E. Lipton, R. Lister, A. Liu, H. Liu, Q. and Liu, T. Liu, Y. Lobodenko, A. Lockwitz, S. Loginov, A. Lokajicek, M. de Sa, R. Lopes Lucchesi, D. Luca, A. and Lueck, J. Lujan, P. Lukens, P. Luna-Garcia, R. and Lungu, G. Lyon, A. L. Lys, J. Lysak, R. Maciel, A. K. A. and Madar, R. Madrak, R. Maestro, P. Magana-Villalba, R. and Malik, S. Malyshev, V. L. Manca, G. Manousakis-Katsikakis, A. Mansour, J. Marchese, L. Margaroli, F. Marino, P. and Martinez-Ortega, J. Matera, K. Mattson, M. E. Mazzacane, A. and Mazzanti, P. McCarthy, R. McGivern, C. L. McNulty, R. and Mehta, A. Mehtala, P. Meijer, M. M. Melnitchouk, A. and Menezes, D. Mercadante, P. G. Merkin, M. Mesropian, C. and Meyer, A. Meyer, J. Miao, T. Miconi, F. Mietlicki, D. and Mitra, A. Miyake, H. Moed, S. Moggi, N. Mondal, N. K. Moon, C. S. Moore, R. Morello, M. J. Mukherjee, A. and Mulhearn, M. Muller, Th. Murat, P. Mussini, M. and Nachtman, J. Nagai, Y. Naganoma, J. Nagy, E. Nakano, I. and Napier, A. Narain, M. Nayyar, R. Neal, H. A. Negret, J. P. Nett, J. Neustroev, P. Nguyen, H. T. Nigmanov, T. and Nodulman, L. Noh, S. Y. Norniella, O. Nunnemann, T. and Oakes, L. Oh, S. H. Oh, Y. D. Okusawa, T. Orava, R. and Orduna, J. Ortolan, L. Osman, N. Pagliarone, C. Pal, A. and Palencia, E. Palni, P. Papadimitriou, V. Parashar, N. and Parihar, V. Park, S. K. Parker, W. Partridge, R. and Parua, N. Patwa, A. Pauletta, G. Paulini, M. Paus, C. and Penning, B. Perfilov, M. Peters, Y. Petridis, K. and Petrillo, G. Petroff, P. Phillips, T. J. Piacentino, G. and Pianori, E. Pilot, J. Pitts, K. Plager, C. Pleier, M. -A. Podstavkov, V. M. Pondrom, L. Popov, A. V. Poprocki, S. Potamianos, K. Pranko, A. Prewitt, M. Price, D. and Prokopenko, N. Prokoshin, F. Ptohos, F. Punzi, G. Qian, J. Quadt, A. Quinn, B. Ratoff, P. N. Razumov, I. and Redondo Fernandez, I. Renton, P. Rescigno, M. Rimondi, F. and Ripp-Baudot, I. Ristori, L. Rizatdinova, F. Robson, A. and Rodriguez, T. Rolli, S. Rominsky, M. Ronzani, M. and Roser, R. Rosner, J. L. Ross, A. Royon, C. Rubinov, P. and Ruchti, R. Ruffini, F. Ruiz, A. Russ, J. Rusu, V. and Sajot, G. Sakumoto, W. K. Sakurai, Y. Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Sanders, M. P. Santi, L. Santos, A. S. Sato, K. and Savage, G. Saveliev, V. Savitskyi, M. Savoy-Navarro, A. and Sawyer, L. Scanlon, T. Schamberger, R. D. Scheglov, Y. and Schellman, H. Schlabach, P. Schmidt, E. E. Schott, M. and Schwanenberger, C. Schwarz, T. Schwienhorst, R. Scodellaro, L. Scuri, F. Seidel, S. Seiya, Y. Sekaric, J. and Semenov, A. Severini, H. Sforza, F. Shabalina, E. and Shalhout, S. Z. Shary, V. Shaw, S. Shchukin, A. A. and Shears, T. Shepard, P. F. Shimojima, M. Shkola, O. and Shochet, M. Shreyber-Tecker, I. Simak, V. Simonenko, A. and Skubic, P. Slattery, P. Sliwa, K. Smith, J. R. Snider, F. D. Snow, G. R. Snow, J. Snyder, S. Soldner-Rembold, S. Song, H. Sonnenschein, L. Sorin, V. Soustruznik, K. and Denis, R. St. Stancari, M. Stark, J. Stefaniuk, N. and Stentz, D. Stoyanova, D. A. Strauss, M. Strologas, J. and Sudo, Y. Sukhanov, A. Suslov, I. Suter, L. Svoisky, P. and Takemasa, K. Takeuchi, Y. Tang, J. Tecchio, M. Teng, P. K. Thom, J. Thomson, E. Thukral, V. Titov, M. and Toback, D. Tokar, S. Tokmenin, V. V. Tollefson, K. and Tomura, T. Tonelli, D. Torre, S. Torretta, D. Totaro, P. and Trovato, M. Tsai, Y. -T. Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. and Tully, C. Ukegawa, F. Uozumi, S. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. and Uzunyan, S. Van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vasilyev, I. A. Vazquez, F. Velev, G. and Vellidis, C. Verkheev, A. Y. Vernieri, C. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Vesterinen, M. Vidal, M. Vilanova, D. Vilar, R. Vizan, J. Vogel, M. Vokac, P. Volpi, G. and Wagner, P. Wahl, H. D. Wallny, R. Wang, M. H. L. S. and Wang, S. M. Warchol, J. Waters, D. Watts, G. Wayne, M. and Weichert, J. Welty-Rieger, L. Wester, III, W. C. and Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wilbur, S. Williams, H. H. and Williams, M. R. J. Wilson, G. W. Wilson, J. S. Wilson, P. and Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wobisch, M. Wolbers, S. and Wolfmeister, H. Wood, D. R. Wright, T. Wu, X. Wu, Z. and Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Yamada, R. Yamamoto, K. Yamato, D. and Yang, S. Yang, T. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. Yao, W. -M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Ye, W. Ye, Z. Yeh, G. P. Yi, K. Yin, H. Yip, K. Yoh, J. Yorita, K. and Yoshida, T. Youn, S. W. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. Yu, J. M. and Zanetti, A. M. Zeng, Y. Zennamo, J. Zhao, T. G. Zhou, B. and Zhou, C. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. and Zivkovic, L. Zucchelli, S. CDF Collaboration D0 Collaboration

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The CDF and D0 experiments at the Fermilab Tevatron have measured the asymmetry between yields of forward- and backward-produced top and antitop quarks based on their rapidity difference and the asymmetry between their decay leptons. These measurements use the full data sets collected in proton-antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s = 1.96 TeV. We report the results of combinations of the inclusive asymmetries and their differential dependencies on relevant kinematic quantities. The combined inclusive asymmetry is A(FB)(t (t) over bar) = 0.128 +/- 0.025. The combined inclusive and differential asymmetries are consistent with recent standard model predictions.

Published
2018

3. Observation of s-Channel Production of Single Top Quarks at the Tevatron

Author

Aaltonen, T. Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Acharya, B. S. and Adams, M. Adams, T. Agnew, J. P. Alexeev, G. D. and Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Apollinari, G. Appel, J. A. and Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Asaadi, J. Ashmanskas, W. Askew, A. Atkins, S. Auerbach, B. Augsten, K. Aurisano, A. and Avila, C. Azfar, F. Badaud, F. Badgett, W. Bae, T. and Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, S. and Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barberis, E. Baringer, P. Barnes, V. E. and Barnett, B. A. Barria, P. Bartlett, J. F. Bartos, P. and Bassler, U. Bauce, M. Bazterra, V. Bean, A. Bedeschi, F. and Begalli, M. Behari, S. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. and Bellinger, J. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beri, S. B. and Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Bertram, I. Besanon, M. and Beuselinck, R. Bhat, P. C. Bhatia, S. Bhatnagar, V. and Bhatti, A. Bland, K. R. Blazey, G. Blessing, S. Bloom, K. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boehnlein, A. and Boline, D. Boos, E. E. Borissov, G. Bortoletto, D. and Borysova, M. Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. Brandt, A. Brandt, O. Brigliadori, L. Brock, R. Bromberg, C. Bross, A. and Brown, D. Brucken, E. Bu, X. B. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. and Buehler, M. Buescher, V. Bunichev, V. Burdin, S. and Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Buszello, C. P. and Butti, P. Buzatu, A. Calamba, A. Camacho-Perez, E. and Camarda, S. Campanelli, M. Canelli, F. Carls, B. and Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Carrillo, S. Casal, B. Casarsa, M. Casey, B. C. K. Castilla-Valdez, H. Castro, A. and Catastini, P. Caughron, S. Cauz, D. Cavaliere, V. and Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Chakrabarti, S. and Chan, K. M. Chandra, A. Chapon, E. Chen, G. Chen, Y. C. and Chertok, M. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, G. Cho, K. and Cho, S. W. Choi, S. Chokheli, D. Choudhary, B. Cihangir, S. Claes, D. Clark, A. Clarke, C. Clutter, J. and Convery, M. E. Conway, J. Cooke, M. Cooper, W. E. Corbo, M. Corcoran, M. Cordelli, M. Couderc, F. Cousinou, M. -C. Cox, C. A. Cox, D. J. Cremonesi, M. Cruz, D. and Cuevas, J. Culbertson, R. Cutts, D. Das, A. d'Ascenzo, N. Datta, M. Davies, G. De Barbaro, P. De Jong, S. J. and De la Cruz-Burelo, E. Deliot, F. Demina, R. Demortier, L. Deninno, M. Denisov, D. Denisov, S. P. D'Errico, M. and Desai, S. Deterre, C. DeVaughan, K. Devoto, F. Di Canto, A. Di Ruzza, B. Diehl, H. T. Diesburg, M. Ding, P. F. Dittmann, J. R. Dominguez, A. Donati, S. and D'Onofrio, M. Dorigo, M. Driutti, A. Dubey, A. Dudko, L. V. Duperrin, A. Dutt, S. Eads, M. Ebina, K. Edgar, R. Edmunds, D. Elagin, A. Ellison, J. Elvira, V. D. and Enari, Y. Erbacher, R. Errede, S. Esham, B. Evans, H. and Evdokimov, V. N. Farrington, S. Feng, L. Ferbel, T. and Ramos, J. P. Fernandez Fiedler, F. Field, R. Filthaut, F. and Fisher, W. Fisk, H. E. Flanagan, G. Forrest, R. and Fortner, M. Fox, H. Franklin, M. Freeman, J. C. Frisch, H. Fuess, S. Funakoshi, Y. Galloni, C. Garbincius, P. H. and Garcia-Bellido, A. Garca-Gonzalez, J. A. Garfinkel, A. F. and Garosi, P. Gavrilov, V. Geng, W. Gerber, C. E. and Gerberich, H. Gerchtein, E. Gershtein, Y. Giagu, S. and Giakoumopoulou, V. Gibson, K. Ginsburg, C. M. Ginther, G. and Giokaris, N. Giromini, P. Giurgiu, G. Glagolev, V. and Glenzinski, D. Gold, M. Goldin, D. Golossanov, A. and Golovanov, G. Gomez, G. Gomez-Ceballos, G. Goncharov, M. and Lopez, O. Gonzalez Gorelov, I. Goshaw, A. T. Goulianos, K. and Gramellini, E. Grannis, P. D. Greder, S. Greenlee, H. and Grenier, G. Grinstein, S. Gris, Ph. Grivaz, J. -F. and Grohsjean, A. Grosso-Pilcher, C. Group, R. C. Grunendahl, S. and Grunewald, M. W. Guillemin, T. Da Costa, J. Guimaraes and Gutierrez, G. Gutierrez, P. Hahn, S. R. Haley, J. Han, J. Y. Han, L. Happacher, F. Hara, K. Harder, K. and Hare, M. Harel, A. Harr, R. F. Harrington-Taber, T. and Hatakeyama, K. Hauptman, J. M. Hays, C. Hays, J. Head, T. Hebbeker, T. Hedin, D. Hegab, H. Heinrich, J. and Heinson, A. P. Heintz, U. Hensel, C. Heredia-De la Cruz, I. and Herndon, M. Herner, K. Hesketh, G. Hildreth, M. D. and Hirosky, R. Hoang, T. Hobbs, J. D. Hocker, A. Hoeneisen, B. Hogan, J. Hohlfeld, M. Holzbauer, J. L. Hong, Z. and Hopkins, W. Hou, S. Howley, I. Hubacek, Z. Hughes, R. E. and Husemann, U. Hussein, M. Huston, J. Hynek, V. and Iashvili, I. Ilchenko, Y. Illingworth, R. Introzzi, G. and Iori, M. Ito, A. S. Ivanov, A. Jabeen, S. Jaffre, M. and James, E. Jang, D. Jayasinghe, A. Jayatilaka, B. Jeon, E. J. Jeong, M. S. Jesik, R. Jiang, P. Jindariani, S. and Johns, K. Johnson, E. Johnson, M. Jonckheere, A. and Jones, M. Jonsson, P. Joo, K. K. Joshi, J. Jun, S. Y. and Jung, A. W. Junk, T. R. Juste, A. Kajfasz, E. and Kambeitz, M. Kamon, T. Karchin, P. E. Karmanov, D. and Kasmi, A. Kato, Y. Katsanos, I. Kehoe, R. Kermiche, S. and Ketchum, W. Keung, J. Khalatyan, N. Khanov, A. and Kharchilava, A. Kharzheev, Y. N. Kilminster, B. Kim, D. H. and Kim, H. S. Kim, J. E. Kim, M. J. Kim, S. H. Kim, S. B. Kim, Y. J. Kim, Y. K. Kimura, N. Kirby, M. and Kiselevich, I. Knoepfel, K. Kohli, J. M. Kondo, K. Kong, D. J. Konigsberg, J. Kotwal, A. V. Kozelov, A. V. Kraus, J. Kreps, M. Kroll, J. Kruse, M. Kuhr, T. Kumar, A. and Kupco, A. Kurata, M. Kurca, T. Kuzmin, V. A. and Laasanen, A. T. Lammel, S. Lammers, S. Lancaster, M. and Lannon, K. Latino, G. Lebrun, P. Lee, H. S. Lee, H. S. and Lee, J. S. Lee, S. W. Lee, W. M. Lei, X. Lellouch, J. Leo, S. Leone, S. Lewis, J. D. Li, D. Li, H. and Li, L. Li, Q. Z. Lim, J. K. Limosani, A. Lincoln, D. and Linnemann, J. Lipaev, V. V. Lipeles, E. Lipton, R. and Lister, A. Liu, H. Liu, H. Liu, Q. Liu, T. Liu, Y. and Lobodenko, A. Lockwitz, S. Loginov, A. Lokajicek, M. and De Sa, R. Lopes Lucchesi, D. Luca, A. Lueck, J. Lujan, P. Lukens, P. Luna-Garcia, R. Lungu, G. Lyon, A. L. and Lys, J. Lysak, R. Maciel, A. K. A. Madar, R. Madrak, R. and Maestro, P. Magana-Villalba, R. Malik, S. Malik, S. and Malyshev, V. L. Manca, G. Manousakis-Katsikakis, A. Mansour, J. Marchese, L. Margaroli, F. Marino, P. and Martinez-Ortega, J. Martinez, M. Matera, K. Mattson, M. E. and Mazzacane, A. Mazzanti, P. McCarthy, R. McGivern, C. L. and McNulty, R. Mehta, A. Mehtala, P. Meijer, M. M. and Melnitchouk, A. Menezes, D. Mercadante, P. G. Merkin, M. and Mesropian, C. Meyer, A. Meyer, J. Miao, T. Miconi, F. and Mietlicki, D. Mitra, A. Miyake, H. Moed, S. Moggi, N. Mondal, N. K. Moon, C. S. Moore, R. Morello, M. J. and Mukherjee, A. Mulhearn, M. Muller, Th. Murat, P. and Mussini, M. Nachtman, J. Nagai, Y. Naganoma, J. Nagy, E. and Nakano, I. Napier, A. Narain, M. Nayyar, R. Neal, H. A. Negret, J. P. Nett, J. Neu, C. Neustroev, P. and Nguyen, H. T. Nigmanov, T. Nodulman, L. Noh, S. Y. and Norniella, O. Nunnemann, T. Oakes, L. Oh, S. H. Oh, Y. D. Oksuzian, I. Okusawa, T. Orava, R. Orduna, J. and Ortolan, L. Osman, N. Osta, J. Pagliarone, C. Pal, A. and Palencia, E. Palni, P. Papadimitriou, V. Parashar, N. and Parihar, V. Park, S. K. Parker, W. Partridge, R. and Parua, N. Patwa, A. Pauletta, G. Paulini, M. Paus, C. and Penning, B. Perfilov, M. Peters, Y. Petridis, K. and Petrillo, G. Petroff, P. Phillips, T. J. Piacentino, G. and Pianori, E. Pilot, J. Pitts, K. Plager, C. Pleier, M. -A. Podstavkov, V. M. Pondrom, L. Popov, A. V. Poprocki, S. Potamianos, K. Pranko, A. Prewitt, M. Price, D. and Prokopenko, N. Prokoshin, F. Ptohos, F. Punzi, G. Qian, J. Quadt, A. Quinn, B. Ranjan, N. Ratoff, P. N. and Razumov, I. Fernandez, I. Redondo Renton, P. Rescigno, M. and Rimondi, F. Ripp-Baudot, I. Ristori, L. Rizatdinova, F. and Robson, A. Rodriguez, T. Rolli, S. Rominsky, M. and Ronzani, M. Roser, R. Rosner, J. L. Ross, A. Royon, C. and Rubinov, P. Ruchti, R. Ruffini, F. Ruiz, A. Russ, J. and Rusu, V. Sajot, G. Sakumoto, W. K. Sakurai, Y. and Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Sanders, M. P. Santi, L. Santos, A. S. and Sato, K. Savage, G. Saveliev, V. Savoy-Navarro, A. and Sawyer, L. Scanlon, T. Schamberger, R. D. Scheglov, Y. and Schellman, H. Schlabach, P. Schmidt, E. E. Schwanenberger, C. Schwarz, T. Schwienhorst, R. Scodellaro, L. Scuri, F. and Seidel, S. Seiya, Y. Sekaric, J. Semenov, A. and Severini, H. Sforza, F. Shabalina, E. Shalhout, S. Z. and Shary, V. Shaw, S. Shchukin, A. A. Shears, T. Shepard, P. F. Shimojima, M. Shochet, M. Shreyber-Tecker, I. and Simak, V. Simonenko, A. Skubic, P. Slattery, P. Sliwa, K. Smirnov, D. Smith, J. R. Snider, F. D. Snow, G. R. and Snow, J. Snyder, S. Soldner-Rembold, S. Song, H. and Sonnenschein, L. Sorin, V. Soustruznik, K. Denis, R. St. and Stancari, M. Stark, J. Stentz, D. Stoyanova, D. A. and Strauss, M. Strologas, J. Sudo, Y. Sukhanov, A. Suslov, I. Suter, L. Svoisky, P. Takemasa, K. Takeuchi, Y. and Tang, J. Tecchio, M. Teng, P. K. Thom, J. Thomson, E. and Thukral, V. Titov, M. Toback, D. Tokar, S. Tokmenin, V. V. Tollefson, K. Tomura, T. Tonelli, D. Torre, S. and Torretta, D. Totaro, P. Trovato, M. Tsai, Y. -T. and Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Ukegawa, F. Uozumi, S. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. Van Kooten, R. and Van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vasilyev, I. A. and Vazquez, F. Velev, G. Vellidis, C. Verkheev, A. Y. and Vernieri, C. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Vesterinen, M. and Vidal, M. Vilanova, D. Vilar, R. Vizan, J. Vogel, M. and Vokac, P. Volpi, G. Wagner, P. Wahl, H. D. Wallny, R. Wang, M. H. L. S. Wang, S. M. Warchol, J. Waters, D. and Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weichert, J. Welty-Rieger, L. and Wester, III, W. C. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wilbur, S. and Williams, H. H. Williams, M. R. J. Wilson, G. W. Wilson, J. S. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wobisch, M. and Wolbers, S. Wolfe, H. Wood, D. R. Wright, T. Wu, X. and Wu, Z. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Yamada, R. Yamamoto, K. and Yamato, D. Yang, S. Yang, T. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. and Yao, W. -M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Ye, W. Ye, Z. Yeh, G. P. Yi, K. Yin, H. Yip, K. Yoh, J. and Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Youn, S. W. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. and Yu, J. M. Zanetti, A. M. Zeng, Y. Zennamo, J. Zhao, T. G. Zhou, B. Zhou, C. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. and Zieminska, D. Zivkovic, L. Zucchelli, S. CDF Collaboration and DO Collaboration

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

We report the first observation of single-top-quark production in the s channel through the combination of the CDF and D0 measurements of the cross section in proton-antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. The data correspond to total integrated luminosities of up to 9.7 fb(-1) per experiment. The measured cross section is sigma(s) = 1.29(-0.24)(+0.26) pb. The probability of observing a statistical fluctuation of the background to a cross section of the observed size or larger is 1.8 x 10(-10), corresponding to a significance of 6.3 standard deviations for the presence of an s-channel contribution to the production of single-top quarks.

Published
2014

4. Combination of measurements of the top-quark pair production cross section from the Tevatron Collider

Author

Aaltonen, T. Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Acharya, B. S. and Adams, M. Adams, T. Agnew, J. P. Alexeev, G. D. and Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Apollinari, G. Appel, J. A. and Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Asaadi, J. Ashmanskas, W. Askew, A. Atkins, S. Auerbach, B. Augsten, K. Aurisano, A. and Avila, C. Azfar, F. Badaud, F. Badgett, W. Bae, T. and Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, S. and Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barberis, E. Baringer, P. Barnes, V. E. and Barnett, B. A. Barria, P. Bartlett, J. F. Bartos, P. and Bassler, U. Bauce, M. Bazterra, V. Bean, A. Bedeschi, F. and Begalli, M. Behari, S. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. and Bellinger, J. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beri, S. B. and Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Bertram, I. Besancon, M. and Beuselinck, R. Bhat, P. C. Bhatia, S. Bhatnagar, V. and Bhatti, A. Bland, K. R. Blazey, G. Blessing, S. Bloom, K. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boehnlein, A. and Boline, D. Boos, E. E. Borissov, G. Bortoletto, D. and Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. Brandt, A. Brandt, O. and Brigliadori, L. Brock, R. Bromberg, C. Bross, A. Brown, D. Brucken, E. Bu, X. B. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. and Buehler, M. Buescher, V. Bunichev, V. Burdin, S. and Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Buszello, C. P. and Butti, P. Buzatu, A. Calamba, A. Camacho-Perez, E. and Camarda, S. Campanelli, M. Canelli, F. Carls, B. and Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Carrillo, S. Casal, B. Casarsa, M. Casey, B. C. K. Castilla-Valdez, H. Castro, A. and Catastini, P. Caughron, S. Cauz, D. Cavaliere, V. and Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Chakrabarti, S. and Chan, K. M. Chandra, A. Chapon, E. Chen, G. Chen, Y. C. and Chertok, M. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, G. Cho, K. and Cho, S. W. Choi, S. Chokheli, D. Choudhary, B. Cihangir, S. Claes, D. Clark, A. Clarke, C. Clutter, J. and Convery, M. E. Conway, J. Cooke, M. Cooper, W. E. Corbo, M. Corcoran, M. Cordelli, M. Couderc, F. Cousinou, M. -C. Cox, C. A. Cox, D. J. Cremonesi, M. Cruz, D. and Cuevas, J. Culbertson, R. Cutts, D. Das, A. d'Ascenzo, N. Datta, M. Davies, G. de Barbaro, P. de Jong, S. J. and De La Cruz-Burelo, E. Deliot, F. Demina, R. Demortier, L. Deninno, M. Denisov, D. Denisov, S. P. D'Errico, M. and Desai, S. Deterre, C. DeVaughan, K. Devoto, F. Di Canto, A. Di Ruzza, B. Diehl, H. T. Diesburg, M. Ding, P. F. Dittmann, J. R. Dominguez, A. Donati, S. and D'Onofrio, M. Dorigo, M. Driutti, A. Dubey, A. Dudko, L. V. Duperrin, A. Dutt, S. Eads, M. Ebina, K. Edgar, R. Edmunds, D. Elagin, A. Ellison, J. Elvira, V. D. and Enari, Y. Erbacher, R. Errede, S. Esham, B. Evans, H. and Evdokimov, V. N. Farrington, S. Feng, L. Ferbel, T. and Fernandez Ramos, J. P. Fiedler, F. Field, R. Filthaut, F. and Fisher, W. Fisk, H. E. Flanagan, G. Forrest, R. and Fortner, M. Fox, H. Franklin, M. Freeman, J. C. Frisch, H. Fuess, S. Funakoshi, Y. Galloni, C. Garbincius, P. H. and Garcia-Bellido, A. Garcia-Gonzalez, J. A. Garfinkel, A. F. and Garosi, P. Gavrilov, V. Geng, W. Gerber, C. E. and Gerberich, H. Gerchtein, E. Gershtein, Y. Giagu, S. and Giakoumopoulou, V. Gibson, K. Ginsburg, C. M. Ginther, G. and Giokaris, N. Giromini, P. Giurgiu, G. Glagolev, V. and Glenzinski, D. Gold, M. Goldin, D. Golossanov, A. and Golovanov, G. Gomez, G. Gomez-Ceballos, G. Goncharov, M. and Gonzalez Lopez, O. Gorelov, I. Goshaw, A. T. Goulianos, K. and Gramellini, E. Grannis, P. D. Greder, S. Greenlee, H. and Grenier, G. Grinstein, S. Gris, Ph. Grivaz, J. -F. and Grohsjean, A. Grosso-Pilcher, C. Group, R. C. Gruenendahl, S. Gruenewald, M. W. Guillemin, T. da Costa, J. Guimaraes and Gutierrez, G. Gutierrez, P. Hahn, S. R. Haley, J. and Han, J. Y. Han, L. Happacher, F. Hara, K. Harder, K. and Hare, M. Harel, A. Harr, R. F. Harrington-Taber, T. and Hatakeyama, K. Hauptman, J. M. Hays, C. Hays, J. Head, T. Hebbeker, T. Hedin, D. Hegab, H. Heinrich, J. and Heinson, A. P. Heintz, U. Hensel, C. Heredia-De la Cruz, I. and Herndon, M. Herner, K. Hesketh, G. Hildreth, M. D. and Hirosky, R. Hoang, T. Hobbs, J. D. Hocker, A. Hoeneisen, B. Hogan, J. Hohlfeld, M. Holzbauer, J. L. Hong, Z. and Hopkins, W. Hou, S. Howley, I. Hubacek, Z. Hughes, R. E. and Husemann, U. Hussein, M. Huston, J. Hynek, V. and Iashvili, I. Ilchenko, Y. Illingworth, R. Introzzi, G. and Iori, M. Ito, A. S. Ivanov, A. Jabeen, S. Jaffre, M. and James, E. Jang, D. Jayasinghe, A. Jayatilaka, B. Jeon, E. J. Jeong, M. S. Jesik, R. Jiang, P. Jindariani, S. and Johns, K. Johnson, E. Johnson, M. Jonckheere, A. and Jones, M. Jonsson, P. Joo, K. K. Joshi, J. Jun, S. Y. and Jung, A. W. Junk, T. R. Juste, A. Kajfasz, E. and Kambeitz, M. Kamon, T. Karchin, P. E. Karmanov, D. and Kasmi, A. Kato, Y. Katsanos, I. Kehoe, R. Kermiche, S. and Ketchum, W. Keung, J. Khalatyan, N. Khanov, A. and Kharchilava, A. Kharzheev, Y. N. Kilminster, B. Kim, D. H. and Kim, H. S. Kim, J. E. Kim, M. J. Kim, S. H. Kim, S. B. Kim, Y. J. Kim, Y. K. Kimura, N. Kirby, M. and Kiselevich, I. Knoepfel, K. Kohli, J. M. Kondo, K. Kong, D. J. Konigsberg, J. Kotwal, A. V. Kozelov, A. V. Kraus, J. Kreps, M. Kroll, J. Kruse, M. Kuhr, T. Kumar, A. and Kupco, A. Kurata, M. Kurca, T. Kuzmin, V. A. and Laasanen, A. T. Lammel, S. Lammers, S. Lancaster, M. and Lannon, K. Latino, G. Lebrun, P. Lee, H. S. Lee, H. S. and Lee, J. S. Lee, S. W. Lee, W. M. Lei, X. Lellouch, J. Leo, S. Leone, S. Lewis, J. D. Li, D. Li, H. and Li, L. Li, Q. Z. Lim, J. K. Limosani, A. Lincoln, D. and Linnemann, J. Lipaev, V. V. Lipeles, E. Lipton, R. and Lister, A. Liu, H. Liu, H. Liu, Q. Liu, T. Liu, Y. and Lobodenko, A. Lockwitz, S. Loginov, A. Lokajicek, M. and de Sa, R. Lopes Lucchesi, D. Luca, A. Lueck, J. Lujan, P. Lukens, P. Luna-Garcia, R. Lungu, G. Lyon, A. L. and Lys, J. Lysak, R. Maciel, A. K. A. Madar, R. Madrak, R. and Maestro, P. Magana-Villalba, R. Malik, S. Malik, S. and Malyshev, V. L. Manca, G. Manousakis-Katsikakis, A. Mansour, J. Marchese, L. Margaroli, F. Marino, P. and Martinez-Ortega, J. Martinez, M. Matera, K. Mattson, M. E. and Mazzacane, A. Mazzanti, P. McCarthy, R. McGivern, C. L. and McNulty, R. Mehta, A. Mehtala, P. Meijer, M. M. and Melnitchouk, A. Menezes, D. Mercadante, P. G. Merkin, M. and Mesropian, C. Meyer, A. Meyer, J. Miao, T. Miconi, F. and Mietlicki, D. Mitra, A. Miyake, H. Moed, S. Moggi, N. Mondal, N. K. Moon, C. S. Moore, R. Morello, M. J. and Mukherjee, A. Mulhearn, M. Muller, Th. Murat, P. and Mussini, M. Nachtman, J. Nagai, Y. Naganoma, J. Nagy, E. and Nakano, I. Napier, A. Narain, M. Nayyar, R. Neal, H. A. Negret, J. P. Nett, J. Neu, C. Neustroev, P. and Nguyen, H. T. Nigmanov, T. Nodulman, L. Noh, S. Y. and Norniella, O. Nunnemann, T. Oakes, L. Oh, S. H. Oh, Y. D. Oksuzian, I. Okusawa, T. Orava, R. Orduna, J. and Ortolan, L. Osman, N. Osta, J. Pagliarone, C. Pal, A. and Palencia, E. Palni, P. Papadimitriou, V. Parashar, N. and Parihar, V. Park, S. K. Parker, W. Partridge, R. and Parua, N. Patwa, A. Pauletta, G. Paulini, M. Paus, C. and Penning, B. Perfilov, M. Peters, Y. Petridis, K. and Petrillo, G. Petroff, P. Phillips, T. J. Piacentino, G. and Pianori, E. Pilot, J. Pitts, K. Plager, C. Pleier, M. -A. Podstavkov, V. M. Pondrom, L. Popov, A. V. Poprocki, S. Potamianos, K. Pranko, A. Prewitt, M. Price, D. and Prokopenko, N. Prokoshin, F. Ptohos, F. Punzi, G. Qian, J. Quadt, A. Quinn, B. Ranjan, N. Ratoff, P. N. and Razumov, I. Redondo Fernandez, I. Renton, P. Rescigno, M. and Rimondi, F. Ripp-Baudot, I. Ristori, L. Rizatdinova, F. and Robson, A. Rodriguez, T. Rolli, S. Rominsky, M. and Ronzani, M. Roser, R. Rosner, J. L. Ross, A. Royon, C. and Rubinov, P. Ruchti, R. Ruffini, F. Ruiz, A. Russ, J. and Rusu, V. Sajot, G. Sakumoto, W. K. Sakurai, Y. and Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Sanders, M. P. Santi, L. Santos, A. S. and Sato, K. Savage, G. Saveliev, V. Savoy-Navarro, A. and Sawyer, L. Scanlon, T. Schamberger, R. D. Scheglov, Y. and Schellman, H. Schlabach, P. Schmidt, E. E. Schwanenberger, C. Schwarz, T. Schwienhorst, R. Scodellaro, L. Scuri, F. and Seidel, S. Seiya, Y. Sekaric, J. Semenov, A. and Severini, H. Sforza, F. Shabalina, E. Shalhout, S. Z. and Shary, V. Shaw, S. Shchukin, A. A. Shears, T. Shepard, P. F. Shimojima, M. Shochet, M. Shreyber-Tecker, I. and Simak, V. Simonenko, A. Skubic, P. Slattery, P. Sliwa, K. Smirnov, D. Smith, J. R. Snider, F. D. Snow, G. R. and Snow, J. Snyder, S. Soeldner-Rembold, S. Song, H. and Sonnenschein, L. Sorin, V. Soustruznik, K. St Denis, R. and Stancari, M. Stark, J. Stentz, D. Stoyanova, D. A. and Strauss, M. Strologas, J. Sudo, Y. Sukhanov, A. Suslov, I. Suter, L. Svoisky, P. Takemasa, K. Takeuchi, Y. and Tang, J. Tecchio, M. Teng, P. K. Thom, J. Thomson, E. and Thukral, V. Titov, M. Toback, D. Tokar, S. Tokmenin, V. V. Tollefson, K. Tomura, T. Tonelli, D. Torre, S. and Torretta, D. Totaro, P. Trovato, M. Tsai, Y. -T. and Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Ukegawa, F. Uozumi, S. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. Van Kooten, R. and van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vasilyev, I. A. and Vazquez, F. Velev, G. Vellidis, C. Verkheev, A. Y. and Vernieri, C. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Vesterinen, M. and Vidal, M. Vilanova, D. Vilar, R. Vizan, J. Vogel, M. and Vokac, P. Volpi, G. Wagner, P. Wahl, H. D. Wallny, R. Wang, M. H. L. S. Wang, S. M. Warchol, J. Waters, D. and Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weichert, J. Welty-Rieger, L. and Wester, III, W. C. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wilbur, S. and Williams, H. H. Williams, M. R. J. Wilson, G. W. Wilson, J. S. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wobisch, M. and Wolbers, S. Wolfe, H. Wood, D. R. Wright, T. Wu, X. and Wu, Z. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Yamada, R. Yamamoto, K. and Yamato, D. Yang, S. Yang, T. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. and Yao, W. -M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Ye, W. Ye, Z. Yeh, G. P. Yi, K. Yin, H. Yip, K. Yoh, J. and Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Youn, S. W. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. and Yu, J. M. Zanetti, A. M. Zeng, Y. Zennamo, J. Zhao, T. G. Zhou, B. Zhou, C. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. and Zieminska, D. Zivkovic, L. Zucchelli, S. CDF Collaboration and D0 Collaboration

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

We combine six measurements of the inclusive top-quark pair (t(sic)) production cross section (sigma(t)(sic)) from data collected with the CDF and D0 detectors at the Fermilab Tevatron with proton-antiproton collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of up to 8.8 fb(-1). We obtain a value of sigma tt = 7.60 +/- 0.41 pb for a top-quark mass of m(t) = 172.5 GeV. The contributions to the uncertainty are 0.20 pb from statistical sources, 0.29 pb from systematic sources, and 0.21 pb from the uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The result is in good agreement with the standard model expectation of 7.35(-0.33)(+0.28) pb at next-to-next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to leading logarithms in perturbative QCD.

Published
2014

5. Effects of litter on substrate conditions and growth of emergent macrophytes

Author

B. A. M. Peters, M. S. Van Den Berg, W. H. Van Der Putten, and Multitrophic Interactions (MTI)

Subjects
Phragmites, Typha, biology, Physiology, Aquatic plant, Botany, Plant Science, Plant litter, biology.organism_classification, Glyceria, Glyceria maxima, Macrophyte, Typhaceae
Abstract

Three successive emergent macrophytes (Typha latifolia L., Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steudel and Glyceria maxima (Hartman) Holmbly) were each grown in substrates collected from three different zones of shoreline vegetation development (non- vegetated sediment, the interface between T. latifolia and P. australis, and degenerating P. australis). The aim of the study was to assess whether accumulation of litter changes growth conditions of P. australis, and to determine its effects on pre- and post successional plant species. The study was carried out by means of pot experiments in a glasshouse. Seedlings of the three species were cultured in fertilized and unfertilized substrates under both waterlogged and drained conditions. In its own litter, growth of P. australis was strongly reduced, compared with the productivity of plants in substrates from preceeding successional stages, and could not be compensated for by fertilization or soil drainage. The redox potential of the substrate was not strongly reduced and the sediment density was well above the critical level. Soil sterilization by gamma- irradiation did not improve growth substantially, although there was some positive effect in unfertilized substrate. Phytotoxic compounds might have caused poor growth of P. australis in its own litter. T. latifolia and G. maxima were relatively less affected by the P. australis litter. The possible importance of litter accumulation on species replacement in shoreline vegetation is discussed. It is concluded that the accumulation of organic matter should be considered as a factor affecting spatio-temporal processes in littoral vegetation owing to its specific impact on the functioning of individual dominant plant species. [KEYWORDS: littoral vegetation; succession; phytotoxins; Phragmites australis; anaerobe decomposition Spartina-alterniflora; soil; marsh; vegetation; sediment; plants; roots; reed; decomposition; netherlands]

Published
1997
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6. Combination of CDF and D0 W-Boson mass measurements

Author

Aaltonen, T. Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Acharya, B. S. and Adams, M. Adams, T. Agnew, J. P. Alexeev, G. D. and Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Apollinari, G. Appel, J. A. and Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Asaadi, J. Ashmanskas, W. Askew, A. Atkins, S. Auerbach, B. Augsten, K. Aurisano, A. and Avila, C. Azfar, F. Badaud, F. Badgett, W. Bae, T. and Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, S. and Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barberis, E. Baringer, P. Barnes, V. E. and Barnett, B. A. da Costa, J. Guimaraes Barria, P. and Bartlett, J. F. Bartos, P. Bassler, U. Bauce, M. and Bazterra, V. Bean, A. Bedeschi, F. Beecher, D. Begalli, M. Behari, S. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. Bellinger, J. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beri, S. B. Bernardi, G. and Bernhard, R. Bertram, I. Besancon, M. Beuselinck, R. and Bhat, P. C. Bhatia, S. Bhatnagar, V. Bhatti, A. Bizjak, I. Bland, K. R. Blazey, G. Blessing, S. Bloom, K. and Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boehnlein, A. Boline, D. Boos, E. E. Borissov, G. Bortoletto, D. Boudreau, J. and Boveia, A. Brandt, A. Brandt, O. Brigliadori, L. and Brock, R. Bromberg, C. Bross, A. Brown, D. Brucken, E. and Bu, X. B. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. Buehler, M. and Buescher, V. Bunichev, V. Burdin, S. Burkett, K. and Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Buszello, C. P. Butti, P. Buzatu, A. Calamba, A. Camacho-Perez, E. Camarda, S. Campanelli, M. Canelli, F. Carls, B. Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. and Carrillo, S. Casal, B. Casarsa, M. Casey, B. C. K. and Castilla-Valdez, H. Castro, A. Catastini, P. Caughron, S. and Cauz, D. Cavaliere, V. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cerri, A. and Cerrito, L. Chakrabarti, S. Chan, K. M. Chandra, A. and Chapon, E. Chen, G. Chen, Y. C. Chertok, M. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, G. Cho, K. Cho, S. W. Choi, S. and Chokheli, D. Choudhary, B. Cihangir, S. Claes, D. Clark, A. Clarke, C. Clutter, J. Convery, M. E. Conway, J. and Cooke, M. Cooper, W. E. Corbo, M. Corcoran, M. Cordelli, M. Couderc, F. Cousinou, M. -C. Cox, C. A. Cox, D. J. and Cremonesi, M. Cruz, D. Cuevas, J. Culbertson, R. and Cutts, D. Das, A. d'Ascenzo, N. Datta, M. Davies, G. and de Barbaro, P. de Jong, S. J. De La Cruz-Burelo, E. Deliot, F. Demina, R. Demortier, L. Deninno, M. Denisov, D. and Denisov, S. P. D'Errico, M. Desai, S. Deterre, C. and DeVaughan, K. Devoto, F. Di Canto, A. Di Ruzza, B. and Diehl, H. T. Diesburg, M. Ding, P. F. Dittmann, J. R. and Dominguez, A. Donati, S. D'Onofrio, M. Dorigo, M. and Driutti, A. Dubey, A. Dudko, L. V. Duperrin, A. Dutt, S. and Eads, M. Ebina, K. Edgar, R. Edmunds, D. Elagin, A. and Ellison, J. Elvira, V. D. Enari, Y. Erbacher, R. and Errede, S. Esham, B. Eusebi, R. Evans, H. Evdokimov, V. N. Farrington, S. Feng, L. Ferbel, T. Fernandez Ramos, J. P. Fiedler, F. Field, R. Filthaut, F. Fisher, W. and Fisk, H. E. Flanagan, G. Forrest, R. Fortner, M. Fox, H. and Franklin, M. Freeman, J. C. Frisch, H. Fuess, S. and Funakoshi, Y. Galloni, C. Garcia-Bellido, A. and Garcia-Gonzalez, J. A. Garfinkel, A. F. Garosi, P. Gavrilov, V. Geng, W. Gerber, C. E. Gerberich, H. Gerchtein, E. and Gershtein, Y. Giagu, S. Giakoumopoulou, V. Gibson, K. and Ginsburg, C. M. Ginther, G. Giokaris, N. Giromini, P. and Giurgiu, G. Glagolev, V. Glenzinski, D. Gold, M. and Goldin, D. Golossanov, A. Golovanov, G. Gomez, G. and Gomez-Ceballos, G. Goncharov, M. Gonzalez Lopez, O. Gorelov, I. Goshaw, A. T. Goulianos, K. Gramellini, E. Grannis, P. D. Greder, S. Greenlee, H. Grenier, G. Grinstein, S. and Gris, Ph. Grivaz, J. -F. Grohsjean, A. Grosso-Pilcher, C. Group, R. C. Gruenendahl, S. Gruenewald, M. W. and Guillemin, T. Gutierrez, G. Gutierrez, P. Hahn, S. R. and Haley, J. Han, J. Y. Han, L. Happacher, F. Hara, K. and Harder, K. Hare, M. Harel, A. Harr, R. F. and Harrington-Taber, T. Hatakeyama, K. Hauptman, J. M. Hays, C. and Hays, J. Head, T. Hebbeker, T. Hedin, D. Hegab, H. and Heinrich, J. Heinson, A. P. Heintz, U. Hensel, C. and Heredia-De La Cruz, I. Herndon, M. Herner, K. Hesketh, G. and Hildreth, M. D. Hirosky, R. Hoang, T. Hobbs, J. D. and Hocker, A. Hoeneisen, B. Hogan, J. Hohlfeld, M. and Holzbauer, J. L. Hong, Z. Hopkins, W. Hou, S. Howley, I. and Hubacek, Z. Hughes, R. E. Husemann, U. Hussein, M. and Huston, J. Hynek, V. Iashvili, I. Ilchenko, Y. and Illingworth, R. Introzzi, G. Iori, M. Ito, A. S. Ivanov, A. Jabeen, S. Jaffre, M. James, E. Jang, D. and Jayasinghe, A. Jayatilaka, B. Jeon, E. J. Jeong, M. S. and Jesik, R. Jiang, P. Jindariani, S. Johns, K. Johnson, E. and Johnson, M. Jonckheere, A. Jones, M. Jonsson, P. and Joo, K. K. Joshi, J. Jun, S. Y. Jung, A. W. Junk, T. R. and Juste, A. Kajfasz, E. Kambeitz, M. Kamon, T. and Karchin, P. E. Karmanov, D. Kasmi, A. Kato, Y. Katsanos, I. Kehoe, R. Kermiche, S. Ketchum, W. Keung, J. and Khalatyan, N. Khanov, A. Kharchilava, A. Kharzheev, Y. N. and Kilminster, B. Kim, D. H. Kim, H. S. Kim, J. E. Kim, M. J. Kim, S. H. Kim, S. B. Kim, Y. J. Kim, Y. K. and Kimura, N. Kirby, M. Kiselevich, I. Knoepfel, K. Kohli, J. M. Kondo, K. Kong, D. J. Konigsberg, J. Kotwal, A. V. and Kozelov, A. V. Kraus, J. Kreps, M. Kroll, J. Kruse, M. Kuhr, T. Kumar, A. Kupco, A. Kurata, M. Kurca, T. and Kuzmin, V. A. Laasanen, A. T. Lammel, S. Lammers, S. and Lancaster, M. Lannon, K. Latino, G. Lebrun, P. Lee, H. S. Lee, H. S. Lee, J. S. Lee, S. W. Lee, W. M. Lei, X. Lellouch, J. Leo, S. Leone, S. Lewis, J. D. Li, D. Li, H. Li, L. Li, Q. Z. Lim, J. K. Limosani, A. and Lincoln, D. Linnemann, J. Lipaev, V. V. Lipeles, E. and Lipton, R. Lister, A. Liu, H. Liu, H. Liu, Q. Liu, T. Liu, Y. Lobodenko, A. Lockwitz, S. Loginov, A. and Lokajicek, M. de Sa, R. Lopes Lucchesi, D. Luca, A. and Lueck, J. Lujan, P. Lukens, P. Luna-Garcia, R. Lungu, G. and Lyon, A. L. Lys, J. Lysak, R. Maciel, A. K. A. and Madar, R. Madrak, R. Maestro, P. Magana-Villalba, R. and Malik, S. Malik, S. Malyshev, V. L. Manca, G. and Manousakis-Katsikakis, A. Mansour, J. Marchese, L. and Margaroli, F. Marino, P. Martinez-Ortega, J. Martinez, M. and Matera, K. Mattson, M. E. Mazzacane, A. Mazzanti, P. and McCarthy, R. McGivern, C. L. McNulty, R. Mehta, A. and Mehtala, P. Meijer, M. M. Melnitchouk, A. Menezes, D. and Mercadante, P. G. Merkin, M. Mesropian, C. Meyer, A. and Meyer, J. Miao, T. Miconi, F. Mietlicki, D. Mitra, A. and Miyake, H. Moed, S. Moggi, N. Mondal, N. K. and Montgomery, H. E. Moon, C. S. Moore, R. Morello, M. J. and Mukherjee, A. Mulhearn, M. Muller, Th. Murat, P. and Mussini, M. Nachtman, J. Nagai, Y. Naganoma, J. Nagy, E. and Nakano, I. Napier, A. Narain, M. Nayyar, R. Neal, H. A. Negret, J. P. Nett, J. Neu, C. Neustroev, P. and Nguyen, H. T. Nigmanov, T. Nodulman, L. Noh, S. Y. and Norniella, O. Nunnemann, T. Nurse, E. Oakes, L. Oh, S. H. Oh, Y. D. Oksuzian, I. Okusawa, T. Orava, R. and Orduna, J. Ortolan, L. Osman, N. Osta, J. Pagliarone, C. and Pal, A. Palencia, E. Palni, P. Papadimitriou, V. and Parashar, N. Parihar, V. Park, S. K. Parker, W. and Partridge, R. Parua, N. Patwa, A. Pauletta, G. Paulini, M. Paus, A. C. Penning, B. Perfilov, M. Peters, Y. and Petridis, K. Petrillo, G. Petroff, P. Phillips, T. J. and Piacentino, G. Pianori, E. Pilot, J. Pitts, K. Plager, C. Pleier, M. -A. Podstavkov, V. M. Pondrom, L. Popov, A. V. Poprocki, S. Potamianos, K. Pranko, A. Prewitt, M. and Price, D. Prokopenko, N. Prokoshin, F. Ptohos, F. and Punzi, G. Qian, J. Quadt, A. Quinn, B. Ranjan, N. and Ratoff, P. N. Razumov, I. Redondo Fernandez, I. Renton, P. and Rescigno, M. Riddick, T. Rimondi, F. Ripp-Baudot, I. and Ristori, L. Rizatdinova, F. Robson, A. Rodriguez, T. and Rolli, S. Rominsky, M. Ronzani, M. Roser, R. Rosner, J. L. Ross, A. Royon, C. Rubinov, P. Ruchti, R. and Ruffini, F. Ruiz, A. Russ, J. Rusu, V. Sajot, G. and Sakumoto, W. K. Sakurai, Y. Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Sanders, M. P. Santi, L. Santos, A. S. Sato, K. Savage, G. and Saveliev, V. Savoy-Navarro, A. Sawyer, L. Scanlon, T. and Schamberger, R. D. Scheglov, Y. Schellman, H. Schlabach, P. and Schmidt, E. E. Schwanenberger, C. Schwarz, T. and Schwienhorst, R. Scodellaro, L. Scuri, F. Seidel, S. and Seiya, Y. Sekaric, J. Semenov, A. Severini, H. Sforza, F. Shabalina, E. Shalhout, S. Z. Shary, V. Shaw, S. and Shchukin, A. A. Shears, T. Shekhar, R. Shepard, P. F. and Shimojima, M. Shochet, M. Simak, V. Simonenko, A. and Skubic, P. Slattery, P. Sliwa, K. Smirnov, D. Smith, J. R. Snider, F. D. Snow, G. R. Snow, J. Snyder, S. and Soeldner-Rembold, S. Song, H. Sonnenschein, L. Sorin, V. and Soustruznik, K. St Denis, R. Stancari, M. Stark, J. and Stelzer-Chilton, O. Stentz, D. Stoyanova, D. A. Strauss, M. and Strologas, J. Sudo, Y. Sukhanov, A. Suslov, I. and Suter, L. Svoisky, P. Takemasa, K. Takeuchi, Y. Tang, J. and Tecchio, M. Shreyber-Tecker, I. Teng, P. K. Thom, J. and Thompson, D. S. Thomson, E. Thukral, V. Titov, M. and Toback, D. Tokar, S. Tokmenin, V. V. Tollefson, K. and Tomura, T. Tonelli, D. Torre, S. Torretta, D. Totaro, P. and Trovato, M. Tsai, Y. -T. Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. and Tully, C. Ukegawa, F. Uozumi, S. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. and Uzunyan, S. Van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vasilyev, I. A. Velev, G. Vellidis, C. and Verkheev, A. Y. Vernieri, C. Vertogradov, L. S. and Verzocchi, M. Vesterinen, M. Vidal, M. Vilanova, D. and Vilar, R. Vizan, J. Vogel, M. Vokac, P. Volpi, G. and Vazquez, F. Wagner, P. Wahl, H. D. Wallny, R. Wang, M. H. L. S. Wang, S. M. Warchol, J. Waters, D. Watts, G. and Wayne, M. Weichert, J. Welty-Rieger, L. Wester, III, W. C. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wilbur, S. Williams, H. H. Williams, M. R. J. Wilson, G. W. Wilson, J. S. and Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wobisch, M. Wolbers, S. Wolfe, H. Wood, D. R. Wright, T. Wu, X. Wu, Z. and Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yamamoto, K. Yamato, D. Yang, S. Yang, T. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. Yao, W. -M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Ye, W. and Ye, Z. Yeh, G. P. Yi, K. Yin, H. Yip, K. Yoh, J. and Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Youn, S. W. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. and Yu, J. M. Zanetti, A. M. Zeng, Y. Zennamo, J. Zhao, T. G. Zhou, B. Zhou, C. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. and Zieminska, D. Zivkovic, L. Zucchelli, S. CDF Collaboration and D0 Collaboration

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We summarize and combine direct measurements of the mass of the W boson in root s = 1.96 TeV proton-antiproton collision data collected by CDF and D0 experiments at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. Earlier measurements from CDF and D0 are combined with the two latest, more precise measurements: a CDF measurement in the electron and muon channels using data corresponding to 2.2 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity, and a D0 measurement in the electron channel using data corresponding to 4.3 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity. The resulting Tevatron average for the mass of the W boson is M-W = 80387 +/- 16 MeV. Including measurements obtained in electron-positron collisions at LEP yields the most precise value of M-W = 80385 +/- 15 MeV.

Published
2013

7. Effects of sand deposition on the interaction between Ammophila arenaria, plant-parasitic nematodes, and pathogenic fungi

Author

P.C.E.M. De Rooij van der Goes, B. A. M. Peters, W.H. van der Putten, and Multitrophic Interactions (MTI)

Subjects
Biomass (ecology), fungi, food and beverages, Growing season, Plant Science, Ecological succession, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Deposition (geology), stomatognathic system, Agronomy, parasitic diseases, Shoot, Botany, DNS root zone, Clonal growth, Ammophila arenaria
Abstract

Ammophila arenaria is a dominant sand-fixing plant species of the European coastal foredunes. It remains vigorous under regular burial conditions on seaward slopes, but starts to degenerate when sand accumulation diminishes. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain this degeneration. In this study, we test the hypothesis that upward growth of plants following sand burial enables them to escape harmful soil organisms. Plants in a degenerating field stand of A. arenaria and potted plants grown in sterilized sand (outdoor pot experiment) were buried with sterilized or nonsterilized sand. Burial in both sterilized and nonsterilized sand resulted in stem elongation, increased numbers of living shoots, and increased shoot and root biomass. However, when plants were grown in and buried with sterilized sand, the numbers of shoots were significantly higher than those buried with nonsterilized sand. The new root zone of buried plants was colonized by pathogenic soil organisms (nematodes and fungi) during the same growing season. It is concluded that by upward growth through pathogen-free sand, the plants benefit, at least temporarily, from escaping its pathogens and parasites. [KEYWORDS: Clonal growth; upward growth; migration; soil-borne disease; growth reduction Harmful soil organisms; hippophae-rhamnoides l; growth;breviligulata; succession; ecology]

Published
1995
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8. Plant-specific soil-borne diseases contribute to succession in foredune vegetation

Author

C. van Dijk, W.H. van der Putten, B. A. M. Peters, and Institute of Ecological Research (IOO)

Subjects
Abiotic component, Foredune, Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, fungi, food and beverages, Interspecific competition, Vegetation, Ecological succession, biology.organism_classification, complex mixtures, Transplantation, Botany, Mycorrhiza, Ammophila arenaria
Abstract

ECOLOGICAL study of the role of soil microorganisms in vegetation succession has focused mainly on organisms affecting plant nutrition, such as mycorrhiza and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. But, soil-borne diseases are involved in the degeneration of Ammophila arenaria (Marram grass) and Hippophae rhamnoides (Sea buckthorn), two plant species that dominate the coastal foredunes of Europe and are widely planted for sand stabilization. We have used reciprocal transplantation and report here that soil-borne diseases may contribute to the succession of foredune plant species. In pot experiments, plant species that succeed A. arenaria were tolerant of the soil-borne diseases of this species. Plant species that were grown in soils from both previous and later succession stages were reduced most in soils from the later stages. During foredune succession, therefore, plants disappear from sites where the soil has become colonized with specific growth-depressing microorganisms. The soil-borne diseases must have considerable importance for the outcome of interspecific competition and may be involved in patterns of clonal growth. The different sensitivities of plant species for the soil-borne pathogens could be an evolutionary response to selection pressures of the succession stage to which a species is confined by the combined effect of local abiotic and biotic environmental factors.

Published
1993
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9. Interpretation of bioassays in the study of interactions between soil organisms and plants: involvement of nutrient factors

Author

B. A. M. Peters, R. Wagenaar, W. Smant, S. R. Troelstra, Multitrophic Interactions (MTI), and Terrestrial Microbial Ecology (TME)

Subjects
biology, Physiology, Carex arenaria, food and beverages, Plant Science, biology.organism_classification, Nutrient, Agronomy, Soil water, Botany, Bioassay, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Calcareous, Ammophila arenaria
Abstract

Increased plant growth in sterilized soil is usually ascribed to the elimination of (often unidentified) soil-borne pathogens. Plant-soil bioassays are reported here for three dune soils and two plant species (Ammophila arenaria and Carer arenaria). Dynamics of plant growth, availability and uptake of nutrients were compared in sterilized (25 kGy gamma- irradiation) vs control soils. Plant growth, availability and acquisition of nutrients, for example P, even when provided in apparent excess, were significantly enhanced in gamma- irradiated calcareous dune sands. With A. arenaria, the positive sterilization effect occurred independently of initial plant dry mass. The addition of extracts of planted soils to A. arenaria growing in unsterilized sand caused an increase in root growth that could not be related to either nutrients or pathogens. Increased availability and acquisition of nutrients in sterilized soil may contribute to nonsterile : sterile ratios of plant growth that are

Published
2001

10. Vertical migration of nematodes and soil-borne fungi to developing roots of Ammophila arenaria (L.) link after sand accretion

Author

P.C.E.M. De Rooij van der Goes, W.H. van der Putten, B. A. M. Peters, and Multitrophic Interactions (MTI)

Subjects
Ecology, biology, Heterodera, fungi, Soil Science, Growing season, biology.organism_classification, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Sand dune stabilization, Colonisation, Nematode, Agronomy, Botany, Poaceae, Diel vertical migration, Ammophila arenaria
Abstract

Ammophila arenaria benefits from regular burial of windblown beach sand as it allows escape from soilborne pathogens (nematodes and fungi). The present study was done to obtain more insight into the timing and order of migration of the soil organisms towards the newly formed roots. Accordingly, plants were grown in non-sterilized root zone soil, buried by 20 cm of beach sand and harvested periodically during one growing season. Plants were buried in November. After 17 weeks, the internodes of the planted seedlings elongated and again 10 weeks later, in May, new roots began to develop. The majority of plant parasitic nematodes remained in the original core until root formation started in the deposited layer. Juveniles of Heterodera spp. successfully infected the roots, formed cysts and produced an offspring in October, resulting in high numbers of larvae at the end of the experiment. In February, at the first harvest of plants, fungi were isolated from soil and buried shoots in the whole deposited layer, although it was still winter. During the growing season a shift in the community of fungi in soil and buried shoots occurred in both the original core and the deposited layer. In both layers, the plant pathogenic fungi were gradually replaced by saprophytes. As all fungal and nematode species were able to colonize the deposited sand layer within one year, we conclude that both fungi and nematodes in the root zone of A. arenaria are very well adapted to sand deposition. Because of the fast migration rate of both pathogenic fungi and parasitic nematodes, the window for A. Arenaria to escape in time from its soil-borne pathogens seems to be narrow. [KEYWORDS: clonal growth; colonisation; soil pathogens; interactions; Heterodera spp.; sand dunes Plant-parasitic nematodes; breviligulata poaceae; morphology; organisms; decline; growth; dunes]

Published
1998

11. Hoe moeten onderzoeksresultaten de toekomstige richtlijnen beïnvloeden?

Author

B. J. M. Peters

Subjects
Medicine public health, Political science, Humanities
Abstract

Meer dan 20.000 biomedische tijdschriften houden ons op de hoogte van het meest recente onderzoek. Het is echter een grote uitdaging voor medische beroepsbeoefenaars op de hoogte te blijven van het meest relevante onderzoek. Het gat tussen dagelijkse praktijk en ‘evidence-based-medicine’ wordt overbrugd door het gebruik van standaarden en richtlijnen. In de praktijk zal slechts een klein percentage literatuur deze standaarden en richtlijnen beinvloeden.

Published
2006
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12. Possibilities for management of coastal foredunes with deteriorated stands of Amophila arenaria (marram grass)

Author

W. H. van der Putten, B. A. M. Peters, and Multitrophic Interactions (MTI)

Subjects
Ecology, biology, Vegetative reproduction, Sowing, Tiller (botany), Ecological succession, Vegetation, Oceanography, biology.organism_classification, Fencing, Cutting, Agronomy, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Ammophila arenaria
Abstract

Ammophila arenaria (marram grass) is the most important plant species for sand stabilization in European coastal foredunes. Stand degeneration due to poor supply of wind-blown sand enhances the susceptibility for wind erosion when successional species do not become established. Replanted A. arenaria often fails to become established. In the present study we examined whether management practices such as mowing, fertilizing, burning or below-ground cutting of plants may be applied to re-establish the vigour of A. arenaria. Field experiments performed at exposed sites, where naturally succeeding plant species are not supposed to become established due to salt spray, showed that none of the applied methods resulted into enhanced tiller density of A. arenaria. Thus, further studies are necessary to solve this type of management problem. At the leeward side of foredunes, the successional species Festuca rubra ssp. arenaria and Elymus athericus could be established successfully as both pre-grown seedlings and planted bundles of cuttings (all further experiments were fertilized). When planted in spring, cuttings of successional plant species established less than those planted in early winter. Water repellency of the sand surface is supposed to be the main cause for this. Pre-grown seedlings were less susceptible for the season of planting. Direct sowing was not effective. Rabbit browsing had to be omitted to obtain successful establishment. When living rhizomes of successional plant species were still present in the soil profile, fencing alone turned out to be effective to re-establish vegetation at initially bare sites

Published
1995

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