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We measured mean amplitude (MA-EMG) and oscillation repetition rate (ORR-EMG) during dynamic and static exercises in clinical setting for the first time. We found that in healthy individuals, EMG amplitude depends on the nature of the exercises. The highest EMG amplitude was registered during static exercises. Patients with acute stroke primarily demonstrated low-amplitude EMG activity extended through the entire cycle of movement without a clear peak. Static exercises significantly improved the amplitude and frequency of EMG oscillations.

The problem of rehabilitation therapy after ischemic strokes is one of the most relevant in current neurology [4, 7]. Neurophysiological research is currently leading in the evaluation and control of brain plasticity. Approximately 80% of all injuries are the injuries to the musculoskeletal system; almost half of them are upper limb traumas. Treatment efficacy depends on the quality of first aid. Conservative treatment methods are effective in 13%–60% of patients, whereas with surgical methods, the efficacy is between 10% and 70%. Moreover, patients with radius fractures usually lose their ability to work for 6 to 8 months; 10% of them have to change their profession after it; 6% to 17% of patients become disabled. Rehabilitation of such patients should include dynamic electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring, since the information about the functional state of cerebral structures is necessary for organizing an effective rehabilitation program, predicting and assessing treatment outcomes.We have examined 26 patients with cerebral stroke (14 men and 12 women aged 42–65 years) in the early stages with the leading neurological syndrome manifesting as spastic hemiparesis and 27 patients with extension fractures of the distal radial physis (after manual reposition and plaster splint removal) at different stages of their rehabilitation with a week interval.We found that changes in brain electric activity (from similar leads of the contralateral hemisphere) were more significant in patients with acute stroke, which can be associated with specific changes in the cerebral rhythms after stroke, since deep location of the alteration focus results in more diffused EEG symptoms due to conducting paths. Positive dynamics in the reduction of slow-wave activity above the affected area in the late rehabilitation period was more pronounced in patients who performed dynamic and static exercises. Normalization of electrogenesis was more effective in patients performing static exercises than in those performing dynamic exercises.

We analyzed the results of examination of 85 patients with ischemic stroke in the carotid arterial system and leading hemiparesis syndrome during the early recovery period. The experimental group included 51 males and 34 females aged between 42 and 65 years (mean age 57.3 years). The control group comprised 20 healthy individuals matched for age and gender. This study was undertaken to assess the appropriateness of activation and coordination relationships in muscles of patients in the early recovery period after ischemic stroke in the carotid arterial system depending on its severity. We measured the amplitudes of the maximum arbitrary activity of the shoulder, forearm, and hand antagonist muscles using EMG and calculated adequacy coefficient (AC) and reciprocity coefficient (RC) (both sides). All patients were divided into two groups according to their Barthel index. Group 1 included 29 patients with mild restrictions in their daily living, whereas Group 2 included 56 patients with moderate restrictions in their daily living. All study participants had mild to moderate hemiparesis (with muscle strength of 3–4. 5 points). In Group 1, we registered increased RC (to 104%) in the forearm extensors and increased AC (to 85%) in the forearm flexors on the paresis side. In Group 2, we observed increased RC in the shoulder flexors and forearm extensors (to 89%) and increased AC in the shoulder extensors (to 76%) on the paresis side. Patients from Group 1 demonstrated high RC (68%) and AC (53%) in nonparetic limbs. Patients from Group 2 demonstrated even higher RC and AC (72%) in nonparetic limbs. Surface EMG with AC and RC calculation objectifies both the severity of paresis and tone disorders in paretic and nonparetic limbs. This method can also be used to predict the degree of motor defect recovery and evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation in patients with mild to moderate disease and predominant central hemiparesis syndrome.

For the first time ever, this research studied the response of stroke volume in animals to various modes of motor activity after a traumatic brain injury. The study showed a pronounced decrease in stroke volume (SV) the first day after modeling an open craniocerebral injury in rats of all age groups. At the same time, the smallest SV response to brain injury was observed in immature animals. After modeling a traumatic brain injury, it was found that the implementation of systematic dynamic exercises by animals of pre-senile agedoes not contribute to increase SV; a significant increase in SV after a traumatic brain injury is observed only in immature animals. It was revealed that limiting physical activity and the performance of isometric exercises after a traumatic brain injury restrain a natural increase in SV in immature rat pups and decrease SV in sexually mature and pre-senile animals.