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— Temperature is one of the most monitored items in many industrial and commercial applications. Internets of Things (IoT) temperature sensors are commonly small, low power, and able to measure humidity as well. Obtaining timely, accurate temperature information is critical in an IoT system. This paper aims to evaluate an IoT temperature system’s performance by comparing it with an industrial system. In this project, an IoT temperature monitoring system has been developed using a DHT22 temperature sensor and a Raspberry Pi to represent an IoT temperature monitoring system. The system is evaluated by comparing its temperature measurement with a Keithley 6517-TP industrial grade temperature probe connected to Keithley 2110 benchtop digital multimeter as the acquisition system. The IoT temperature monitoring system utilizing the DHT22 sensor provides accurate measurement up to 0.10C but a slower response in detecting temperature change. This finding would be able to provide a reference in developing an IoT system that requires temperature monitoring. Keywords- temperature, IoT, humidity, raspberry pi, DHT22.

Introduction and Aim: Pelvic girdle pain is one of major pregnancy discomforts affecting about 50% of pregnant women. There is no evidence that standard treatment is completely effective for pelvic girdle pain in pregnant women. Hence there is a requirement for newer safer therapies such as craniosacral therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate effectiveness of craniosacral therapy in reducing pain and improving daily life activities which is restricted in pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, we recruited 30 pregnant women who were clinically diagnosed with pelvic girdle pain using convenient sampling technique. They were divided into control and craniosacral therapy treated group. Using NPRS and PGQ, their pain intensity and disability values were recorded and compared pre and post treatment using mean and standard deviation. The paired ‘t’ test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Group A post treatment NPRS value range was mean = 3.00, SD = 0.85 and PGQ post treatment was mean = 36.87, SD = 4.91. Group B post treatment NPRS value mean = 1.87, SD = 0.83 and PGQ post treatment value was mean = 26.53, SD = 4.42. Since between group significant difference was p

The Russian-Ukraine war started on January 24, 2022, creating contagion effects in the global financial market. The study investigates the stock market reactions of India and the USA to the Russia-Ukraine War using an Event study and the VAR Model. During this study, it was transparent that the war-affected different stock markets in different ways. The level of impact depends upon how much these countries are involved in the War. The event study found that both Indian and USA stock markets were positively impacted after the War. From VAR, it was also seen that the Indian stock market had a positive return spill over from USA stock market post-war. The chapter contributes for the effective decision making of investors and stock market analyst.

Seaweeds are potential marine renewable assets for food, feed, and medicine since ancient times. Considering the latent characteristics of seaweeds, the prevailing has a look at the goal which has to assess the phytochemical composition of methanol extract of underexploited marine red alga Laurencia papillosa. The phytochemical analyses of L. papillosa confirmed the presence of nine phytochemicals amongst which glycosides had been discovered to be the very best with a value of 125.57 ± 3.52 mg/g dry wt, wherein because the saponins were found to be lesser in amount with the value of 2.68 ± 1.97 mg/g dry wt. The function of fluorescence emission and pharmacognosical capabilities which include the total ash content and the extractive values of the red alga L. papillosa analyzed. The results affirm that the chosen seaweed has energetic phytochemical content which will be a capacity supply for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic interest and the methanol extract of L. papillosa will be explored for its robust pharmacological activities in the drug development by the pharmaceuticals.

In this paper, the problem of time to recruitment is analyzed for a single grade manpower system using an univariate CUM policy of recruitment. Assuming policy decisions and exits occur at different epochs, wastage of manpower due to exits form a sequence of independent and identically distributed exponential random variables, the inter-decision times form a geometric process and inter-exist time form an independent and identically distributed random variable. The breakdown threshold for the cumulative wastage of manpower in the system has three components which are independent exponential random variables. Employing a different probabilistic analysis, analytical results in closed form for system characteristics are derived

The first direct fabrication of A2B- and A3-type B(III)subchlorins from meso-ethoxycarbonyl-substituted tripyrrane has been realized by condensation with appropriate acid chlorides (benzoyl chloride, butyryl chloride, and ethyl chlorooxoacetate). The aliphatic acid chloride-based annulation reaction is new to subporphyrinoid chemistry. The phenyl (6a)- or n-propyl (6b)-substituted derivatives could be oxidized to the corresponding B(III)subporphyrins upon refluxing with DDQ, whereas the triethoxycarbonyl moiety (6c) was found to be resistant to oxidation and exhibits the most red-shifted absorption (587 nm) and emission (604 nm). The study indicates that absorption and emission behaviors of the B(III)subchlorin can be tuned by the introduction of electron-rich or electron-deficient substituents at the meso-position. B(III)subchlorins 6a and 6c generate singlet oxygen efficiently (44 and 40%, respectively) and, thus, may find application as potential photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT).

A series of novel carbazol-thiazolidinedione hybrid derivatives were designed, synthesised and screened for antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species. All the novel compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, IR, and Mass spectral analysis data. The results of antibacterial study indicated that compounds (Vc) and (Vh) showed appreciable antibacterial activity. Furthermore, molecular docking of selected compounds was also performed to see interaction between active compound and binding site.

Novel three nickel(II) complexes of type [Ni(metf)(o-phen)

Calix[3]pyrroles were synthesized for the first time. These macrocycles display versatile guest binding ability based on the bridges connecting the two α-positions of the tripyrrane moiety e.g. with an ethene bridge they showed colorimetric sensing of fluoride and cyanide ions, whereas with a phenylene spacer they exhibited fluorometric sensing of fluoride ions only, and the macrocycle with an ethylene unit acted as a host towards the water molecule with unique penta-coordinated oxygen in the solid state.

Synthesis of novel N-protected and unprotected 3-N-substituted 1,8-naphthyridin-2(1H)-ones with potential inhibiting activity of penicillin-binding protein 6 (PBP6) has been developed. The synthesis is designed around a Buchwald–Hartwig crosscoupling of various 3-bromo-6-substituted-1,8-naphthyridin-2(1H)-ones with two different functionalized anilines. According to the preliminary antibacterial evaluation, the products 9b–9d and 10b–10d have demonstrated high inhibiting activity against spore germination of Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive) and Escherichia coli (gram negative). The molecular docking procedure has denoted the probable interactions of the synthesized compounds 9b–9d and 10b–10d with the target protein.

Synthesis of tetrapyrrane 8 from acetone and pyrrole via one-step condensation was achieved for the first time along with a much-improved yield of the tripyrrane 9. Diborylation of the tetrapyrrane and subsequent "1 + 1" cyclocoupling with 1,2-diiodobenzene following the Suzuki protocol generated novel o-phenylene incorporated macrocycle belonging to the smallest meso-expanded calix[4]pyrrole family. The latter macrocycle displays exclusive turn-on fluorescence sensing of fluoride ion upon complexation via a unique partial cone conformation supported by DFT analysis in acetonitrile solvent.

The work reported here is about the combustion characteristics, performance, and emission analysis of the hydrotreated waste cooking oil as fuel in vertical, 4.3 kW, DI 4S diesel engine with compression ratio of 17.5:1, at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. The waste sunflower cooking oil was hydrotreated in the high-pressured trickle bed reactor. The HR538 type of (Ni-Mo/Al2O3) was used as catalyst. The waste sunflower cooking oil was treated with catalyst at 6 MPa and at a temperature of 633 K. The two fuels prepared for testing are 25% hydrotreated waste cooking oil fuel blended with petro diesel (B25) and (B100) which is 100% neat hydrotreated fuel. At different loading conditions, these fuels were tested in the diesel engine. The emission and performance of the hydrotreated waste cooking oil showed significant decrease in CO, HC, NOx, smoke, brake specific fuel consumption and increase in brake thermal efficiency when compared with petro diesel.

We have introduced the first 3,6,13,16-tetrasubstituted porphycene as its tetramethoxy analogue. This substitution pattern is one of the most general patterns yet missing in this isomeric porphyrin chemistry. This porphycene exhibits intense fluorescence along with the ability to coordinate with divalent metal ions; in particular, it forms the first stable Zn(II) complex among the tetrasubstituted porphycenes. Notably, the molecular structure of Zn1•Py displays supramolecular chirality.

1-Methyl-2,3,4,5-tetranitropyrrole, a potential high energy density material, first reported in 1979 in only 0.28% overall yield, has been synthesized efficiently (in more than 5% overall yield) by following two alternate routes from 1-(triisopropylsilyl)pyrrole and 1-methylpyrrole. Detailed characterization shows that it is stable up to 196 °C and possesses a density of 1.93 g cm−3. The corresponding velocity of detonation and detonation pressure are 8950 m s−1 and 36.9 GPa, respectively. These values are slightly better than those of RDX, whereas, its sensitivity towards impact and friction are much lower than that of RDX. In addition, its melting point of 100 °C further highlights its potential as a melt castable material in a high energy formulation.

Novel 5-{(1-[(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene}pyrimidine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)trione derivatives (5a–5k) were synthesized by the click reaction. All compounds 5a–5k were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, IR and Mass spectra and evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against cervical cancer cell lines. Among all, compound 5e (IC50 = 6.76 μM), shown high inhibitory activity. Docking analysis of all the compounds with the Lipid kinase PI3K-α revealed that the compound 5e fitted well in the active site pocket, showing the best docking score (LibDock) of 123.274.

A series of novel 3-phenyl-1-(4-(4-((4-(1,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one derivatives 6a–j were synthesized in click chemistry reaction conditions and evaluated in silico by docking studies to recognize their hypothetical binding motif with cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2. All docked compounds exhibited good docking scores in the range from 208.357 to 161.285 as compared with 145.934 for indomethacin, and 168.763 to 147.904 as compared with 145.934 for ibuprofen. Among all the tested compounds, 6b showed good docking score and good interactions with binding-site residues of the COX proteins.

Novel 1-phenyl-4-((4-(1,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole derivatives were synthesized by click chemistry reaction and screened for antimicrobial activity against grampositive and gram-negative bacterial and fungal species. All the compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, IR, and mass spectral data. The results of antibacterial study indicated that 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-((4-(1,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole, 1-(4-(4-((4-(1,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)ethanone, 1-(2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenyl)-4-((4-(1,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole, and 1-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-4-((4-(1,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole showed appreciable antibacterial activity while 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-((4-(1,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenoxy) methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole, 1-(2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenyl)-4-((4-(1,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole, and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-((4-(1,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole emerged as the most potential antifungal agents.

2-Phenyl-4-{4-[(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy]benzylidene}oxazol-5(4H)-one derivatives were synthesized by click chemistry reactions. Exploration of molecular interaction of the obtained compounds, performed through molecular docking studies with α-glucosidase, revealed the high docking scores (LibDock) in the range of 135.056–126.164 as compared to acarbose (136.345).

Water is more essential for all living organisms in this world. The amount of rainfall in the forest is reducing rapidly while the need has increased. During summer the water shortage rises acutely in the forest areas. The dried up water bodies in and around the forest region drive the animals into the human habituated areas in search of water. The physical layout of area upstream from a specified outlet point is called as watershed or basin. If management of watershed is not done properly then there will be depletion of other natural resources based on this watershed. In this case GIS can be used to analyze the watersheds around the forest and to check the availability of water inside the forest. The result of the analysis of this collected forest areas will be useful to find areas where the water is available in forest. Thus the main objective is to locate artificial ponds in forests.

Two novel stable β-tetraethylporphycenes (TEPo), namely trans-TEPo (1T) and its unsymmetric isomer cis-TEPo (1C) were synthesized via reductive McMurry coupling of an unsymmetric bipyrrole dialdehyde and isolated through recrystallizations. Both isomers show interesting photophysical properties. Their corresponding dibromo derivatives obtained through bromination of a mixture of 1C and 1T, however could not be separated in pure forms. Interestingly, they form an unprecedented 2:1 supramolecular sandwich complex through π-π stacking interactions and in addition, only strong C-H…Br-C interactions among the oppositely oriented cis-isomers led to the formation of two dimensional (2D) arrays in solid state.

Two novel β-hexaalkylated porphycenes, i.e., 2,3,7,12,13,17- (HOT) and 2,3,6,12,13,16-hexaethylporphycenes (HIT) were introduced for the first time in porphycene chemistry. These were synthesized through McMurry coupling reactions of new isomeric unsymmetrically substituted triethylbipyrrole dialdehydes. The positional effects of alkyl groups could be manifested through significant alteration in structure of porphycene cores and, as a consequence their photophysical properties, not noticed in β-octaethylporphycene. HOT displays significant fluorescence accompanied by reasonable singlet oxygen generation ability.

2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2), an estrogen hormone metabolite is a potential cancer chemotherapeutic agent. Presently, it is an investigational drug under various phases of clinical trials alone or in combination therapy. Its anticancer activity has been attributed to its antitubulin, antiangiogenic, pro-apoptotic and ROS induction properties. This anticancer drug candidate has been explored extensively in last twenty years for its detailed chemistry and pharmacology. Present review is an update of its chemistry and biological activity. It also extends an assessment of potential of 2ME2 and its analogues as possible anticancer drug in future.

The smallest core expanded calix[4]pyrrole derivative (5) was synthesized via incorporation of an additional sp $$^{3}$$ meso-carbon at the periphery of the macrocycle. Anion binding study of the macrocycle reveals clearly the effect of core size on its affinity towards various tested ions ( $${\hbox {F}}^{-}$$ , $${\hbox {Cl}}^{-}$$ , $${\hbox {Br}}^{-}$$ , $${\hbox {I}}^{-}$$ , $${\hbox {AcO}}^{-}$$ , $$\hbox {H}_{2} \hbox {PO}_{4}^{-}$$ , $$\hbox {HSO}_{4}^{-}$$ , $$\hbox {ClO}_{4}^{-}$$ , $$\hbox {PF}_{6}^{-}$$ , $$\hbox {NO}_{3}^{-}$$ , $$\hbox {NO}_{2}^{-}$$ , $$\hbox {N}_{3}^{-}$$ and $${\hbox {CN}}^{-}$$ ). The macrocycle displays the highest affinity towards fluoride and acetate ions, albeit with reduced affinities compared to parent octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole. SYNOPSIS The first example of the smallest expanded calix[4]pyrrole is reported. Anion binding study of the macrocycle reveals clearly the effect of core size on its affinity towards various tested ions ( $${\hbox {F}}^{-}$$ , $${\hbox {Cl}}^{-}$$ , $${\hbox {Br}}^{-}$$ , $${\hbox {I}}^{-}$$ , $${\hbox {AcO}}^{-}$$ , $$\hbox {H}_{2} \hbox {PO}_{4}^{-}$$ , $$\hbox {HSO}_{4}^{-}$$ , $$\hbox {ClO}_{4}^{-}$$ , $$\hbox {PF}_{6}^{-}$$ , $$\hbox {NO}_{3}^{-}$$ , $$\hbox {NO}_{2}^{-}$$ , $$\hbox {N}_{3}^{-}$$ and $${\hbox {CN}}^{-}$$ ).

A new subporphyrin namely, hydroxo-5,10,15-tri([Formula: see text]-propyl-3-carbazolyl)subporphyri natoboron(III) 6 has been synthesized via the reported litreture procedure by the condensation of pyridine-tri-[Formula: see text]-pyrrolylborane with 9-propyl-9H-carbazole-3-carbaldehyde. Its porphyrin analog [Formula: see text]. 5,10,15,20-tetra([Formula: see text]-propyl-3-carbazolyl)porphyrin has also been isolated from the reaction mixture, formed due to scrambling process and complexed with Zn(II). Photophysical properties of both subporphyrin and Zn(II)porphyrin have been studied in detail to confirm the intramolecular charge transfer process in subporphyrin analog. In addition, the ring contracted congener 6 also displays solid state fluorescence.

This paper focuses on characterization of Hydroxyapatite coated SS316 L using Pulse vapour deposition method. The target material (Hydroxyapatite) has been synthesised chemically in laboratory through the addition of (NH4)2HPO4 with Ca (NO3)24H2O solution. This mixture has been converted in to circular blocks through various processes as explained below and coated over the stainless steel substrate. The morphological characteristics of the coating and surface roughness analysis have done through SEM and AFM. Also the hardness and corrosion resistance of the coating are examined. It has been found that improved hardness when compared with SS316L (175 Hv) to Hydroxyapatite (245 Hv) coated SS316 L. Also the results of corrosion resistance test after 250 Hrs of experiment found that formation of red rust is attained for uncoated samples where as Hydroxyapatite coated samples remains unchanged.

An unprecedented cis-bimetallic complex of dinaphthoporphycene (DNP), namely [Pd2(μ-DNP)(μ-OAc)2], is reported. The most striking feature of this complex is that two palladiums coordinate to the macrocycle on the same side and are closely held together (Pd-Pd: 2.67 Å) by two bridging acetate ligands exhibiting significant metal-metal bonding interaction (bond order 0.18 evaluated by NBO analysis). Interestingly, replacing acetate with acetylacetonate (acac) could stabilize an unusual mono-palladium complex of DNP, where Pd coordinates unsymmetrically to two ring Ns above the macrocyclic plane, as well as coordinating with two Os of the acac ligand. Remarkably, the rigid DNP core displays enhanced complexation induced aromaticity (as per NICS and HOMA analysis), despite undergoing severe core deformation during complexation with metal ion(s) as noticed from their solid-state structures.

Rapid development of wireless services, leads to ubiquitous personal connectivity in the world. The demand for multimedia interactivity is higher in the world which leads to the requirement of high data transmission rate. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is a future wireless service which is used to overcome the existing service problems such as development of subscriber pool and higher throughput per user. Although it overcomes the problems in existing services, resource allocation becomes one of the major issues in the MIMO-OFDM systems. Resource allocation in MIMO-OFDM is the optimization of subcarrier and power allocation for the user. The overall performance of the system can be improved only with the efficient resource allocation approach. The user data rate is increased by efficient allocation of the subcarrier and power allocation for each user at the base station, which is subject to constraints on total power and bit error rate. In this study, the problem of resource allocation in MIMO-OFDM system is tackled using hybrid artificial bee colony optimization algorithm based on a crossover operation along with Poisson-Jensen in equation. The experimental results show that the proposed methodology is better than the existing techniques.

The cobalt(II) complexes [Co(Cl)2(met)(o-phen)] (1), [Co(Cl)2(en)(met)] (2) and [Co(Cl)2(met)(opda)] (3) (met = metformin, o-phen = ortho-phenanthroline, en = ethylenediamine, opda = ortho-phenylenediamine) were synthesized and characterized using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, molar conductance measurements, thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, magnetic moment measurements, electronic spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The metal centre was found to be in an octahedral geometry. UV–visible absorption, fluorescence and viscosity measurements were conducted to assess the interaction of the complexes with calf thymus DNA. The complexes showed absorption hyperchromism in UV–visible spectra with DNA. The binding constants from UV–visible absorption studies were 1.38 × 105, 2.1 × 105 and 3.1 × 105 M−1 for 1, 2 and 3, respectively, and Stern–Volmer quenching constants from fluorescence studies were 0.146, 0.176 and 0.475, respectively. Viscosity measurements revealed that the binding of the complexes with DNA could be surface binding, mainly due to groove binding. The activities of the complexes in DNA cleavage decrease in the order 3 > 2 > 1. The complexes were docked into DNA topoisomerase II using Discovery Studio 2.1 software.

2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2) is an investigational anticancer drug. In the present study, 2-alkoxyesters/acid and 2-benzyloxy analogues of estradiol have been synthesized as analogues of 2ME2. Three of the derivatives exhibited significant anticancer activity against human breast cancer cell lines. The best analogue of the series i.e. 24 showed stabilization of tubulin polymerisation process. It was substantiated by confocal microscopy and molecular docking studies where 24 occupied ‘paclitaxel binding pocket’ to stabilize the polymerisation process. Compound 24 significantly inhibited MDA-MB-231 cells (IC 50 : 7 μM) and induced arrest of cell cycle and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. In acute oral toxicity, 24 was found to be non-toxic and well tolerated in Swiss albino mice up to 1000 mg/kg dose.

The study evaluates the biohydrogen production from herbal wastewater as the substrate by the enriched mixed slaughterhouse sludge as the seed source. In the following experiments, batch-fermentations are carried out with the optimum substrate concentrations, fermentation pH and fermentation temperature to observe the effects of H2 production, hydrogen yield and other fermentation end products at different conditions. The hydrogen production is increased as substrate concentration increased up to 8 g COD/L WW, but drastically decreased at 10 g COD/L WW. When the pH of fermentation is controlled to 6.5, a maximum amount of hydrogen yield could be obtained. The hydrogen production is maximum at 50 °C (930 ± 30 mL/L WW) compared to 30 °C (436 ± 16 mL/L WW). Acid-forming pathway with butyric acid as a major metabolite dominated the metabolic flow during the hydrogen production. The experimental results indicated that effective hydrogen production from the herbal wastewater could be obtained by thermophilic acidogenesis at proper operational conditions.

In the present study, we report that neolignan1 (Diethyl-4,4ʹ-dihydroxy-8,3ʹ-neolign-7,7ʹ-dien-9,9ʹ-dionate) relaxes the superior mesenteric artery in a concentration dependent manner (pD2 value 5.392 ± 0.04; n = 8 for endothelium intact and 5.204 ± 0.03; n = 8 for endothelium denuded mesenteric rings, respectively). The relaxation response of neolignan1 was found to be endothelium independent and sensitive to 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-on (ODQ; 1 μM) and tetraethyl ammonium (TEA; 1 mM). In-silico studies showed good LibDock score (92.66) of neolignan1 with BKCa channel and are in well corroboration with ex-vivo study. Further, neolignan1 significantly decreased the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in the Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME; 50 mg/kg) treated Wistar rats at the dose of 30 and 100 mg/kg given once orally for 15 days. In addition, neolignan1 is well tolerated up to 100 mg/kg when given as a repeated dose, once orally for 28 days in Swiss albino mice. Neolignan1 was well absorbed from oral route, reached peak at 4 h and eliminated below detection level by 12 h after administration. Our present study concludes that neolignan1 produced relaxation in superior mesenteric artery by opening of BKCa channel and produced significant antihypertensive activity in L-NAME treated Wistar rats and was well tolerated by the experimental animal.

Background: Cholelithiasis or gallstones, is one of the most common and costly of all the gastrointestinal diseases. Gallstones are associated with high-calorie diets, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinism, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. The aim of the study was to analysis the incidence, clinical presentations, and management of cholelithiasis in tertiary care Hospital at Karimnagar, Telangana, India.Methods: This study was a prospective study; total 50 patients were enrolled in this study. The study was conducted at Department of Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar from September 2016 to September 2017. The data were analyzed and evaluated for clinical profile, management options of cholelithiasis.Results: The present study shows gallstones diseases are a common problem in female population. The female to male ratio is 3:2. Age, gender and incidence statistically there was no significant in this study.Conclusions: Gallstones analysis showed mixed stone in 90% of the cases and cholesterol stones in 8% of the cases as the most common variety. The period of post-operative stay in our study was 7 days for open cholecystectomy and 3 days for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in majority of the cases.

A new core expanded calix[4]pyrrole is reported, in which the opposite bridging sp3-carbons are replaced by ethylene moieties. This macrocycle forms a unique helical pattern and binds to two water molecules, forming an infinite 1D chain synergistically stabilized through hydrogen bonding with the two outwardly projected pyrrolic NHs of the calixpyrrole.