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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is an important cereal crop which is widely cultivated for food, fiber, forage, ethanol, and sugar production in semi-arid tropics with minimum inputs. At least 150 insects have been reported as pests of sorghum worldwide of which the major ones are shoot fly (Atherigona soccata), stem borer (Chilo partellus), shoot bug (Peregrinus maidis), aphids (Melanaphis sacchari), sorghum midge (Stenodiplosis sorghicola), head bug (Calocoris angustatus), head caterpillars (Helicoverpa, Eublemma, Pyroderces) and spider mites (Oligonychus spp.). The grain yields are generally low (500–800 kg/ha) mainly attributed to damages caused by these insect pests. This chapter provides compiled information on pest bionomics, damage symptoms, and economic losses in sorghum due to pests. Various management strategies adopted, viz., cultural, biological, host plant resistance, use of botanicals, and chemical management, are detailed. Recent advances in pest management, viz., marker-assisted selection, transgenics are also discussed along with some of the integrated pest management strategies adopted.

Sorghum is the fifth most important cereal and suffers heavy damage from rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae, reducing their quality and quantity. Studies were conducted to identify the association of grain characteristics and their relationship with resistance to the rice weevil. The paper discusses the associations between sorghum seed parameters, insect oviposition, development data and grain weight loss. The important grain characteristics, viz., 100 seed weight was significantly positively correlated with grain hardness (0.55**) and median development period (0.47**) and significantly negatively correlated with grain weight loss (- 0.43*). However, the grain hardness was significantly negatively correlated with oviposition (- 0.49**), adult emergence (- 0.75**) and grain weight loss (- 0.82**) and was significantly positively correlated with median development period (0.85**). The pest parameter, viz., oviposition was significantly positively correlated with adult emergence (0.43*) and grain weight loss (0.55**). Two principal components (PCs) were extracted explaining cumulative variation of 76.2 %. Seed weight, grain hardness, oviposition, adult emergence, median development period and grain weight loss were the reliable variables for characterization of resistance to S. oryzae. The sorghum lines EC 24, EC 22, PEC 8, PEC 7, EP 78, EP 57, AKR 354 were classified as resistant to S. oryzae and these could be used in future breeding program as resistant sources.

Thirty-two sweet sorghum genotypes were evaluated for resistance to shoot fly and stem borer during rainy seasons 2009–2012. The parameters viz., seedling vigour, glossiness, dead-hearts caused by shoot fly, stem borer, stem borer leaf damage score, stem borer stalk tunneling, stem borer exit holes and stem borer larvae/stalk were assessed for their contribution in imparting resistance to A. soccata and C. partellus. None of the traits considered could discriminate entries as resistant/ susceptible individually. In view of the complexity of interactions between A. soccata, C. partellus with sorghum, principal component analysis was applied considering seven parameters viz., seedling vigour, seedling glossiness, dead-hearts caused by shoot fly, stem borer, stem borer stalk tunneling, stem borer exit holes/stalk and larvae recovered/stalk. Two principal components were extracted explaining a cumulative variation of 84.6 %. PC1 and PC2 explained 69.5 and 15.1 % of the variations, respectively indicating that seedling vigour, glossiness, dead-hearts caused by both pests, stem borer exit holes/stalk were the most reliable parameters for characterization of multiple resistances to A. soccata and C. partellus. The sweet sorghum lines IS 5353, IS 18164, ICSV 93046, ICSV 700, GGUB 50 were classified as resistant to both the pests. The multiple resistant lines with durable resistance can be employed in future sweet sorghum breeding programs for enhancing levels of resistance to shoot fly and stem borer.

Steganography is a method of hiding a secret message within an ordinary message, where as the goal of cryptography is to make data unreadable by an unauthorized persons. Video steganography is expansion of image steganography where video files can simply viewed in a sequence of images. There are many difference between video and image steganography. As the video content is very dynamic and have less chances of detecting the hiding data compare to image steganography. So it is helpful than other existing stegnographic techniques because of it high security. It can also hold large amount of secret data. We introduced a technique called Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) and Genetic algorithm to convert the data into a video file to make the video Steganography, which is an efficient method of embedding information into a carrier file. The DWT technique convert the cover image as 4 × 4 level of blocks in which each levels LL, LH, HL, and HH sub band images are developed. The current paper uses the DWT technique where the data is hidden in specific location of selected structure. Genetic algorithm is also introduced to minimize the selected frame and improve the security so that probability of detecting the hidden information into cover media is difficult. Boolean functions have been generated from different position arrays and measures the quality of the video indifferent byte streams by stego video.