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1. STAR Collaboration

Author: B.I. Abelev, J. Adams, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, J. Amonett, B.D. Anderson, M. Anderson, D. Arkhipkin, G.S. Averichev, Y. Bai, J. Balewski, O. Barannikova, L.S. Barnby, J. Baudot, S. Bekele, V.V. Belaga, A. Bellingeri-Laurikainen, R. Bellwied, F. Benedosso, S. Bhardwaj, A. Bhasin, A.K. Bhati, H. Bichsel, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, L.C. Bland, S.-L. Blyth, B.E. Bonner, M. Botje, J. Bouchet, A.V. Brandin, A. Bravar, M. Bystersky, R.V. Cadman, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, J. Castillo, O. Catu, D. Cebra, Z. Chajecki, P. Chaloupka, S. Chattopadhyay, H.F. Chen, J.H. Chen, J. Cheng, M. Cherney, A. Chikanian, W. Christie, J.P. Coffin, T.M. Cormier, M.R. Cosentino, J.G. Cramer, H.J. Crawford, D. Das, S. Das, M. Daugherity, M.M. de Moura, T.G. Dedovich, M. DePhillips, A.A. Derevschikov, L. Didenko, T. Dietel, P. Djawotho, S.M. Dogra, W.J. Dong, X. Dong, J.E. Draper, F. Du, V.B. Dunin, J.C. Dunlop, M.R. Dutta Mazumdar, V. Eckardt, W.R. Edwards, L.G. Efimov, V. Emelianov, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, B. Erazmus, M. Estienne, P. Fachini, R. Fatemi, J. Fedorisin, K. Filimonov, P. Filip, E. Finch, V. Fine, Y. Fisyak, J. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, L. Gaillard, M.S. Ganti, V. Ghazikhanian, P. Ghosh, J.E. Gonzalez, Y.G. Gorbunov, H. Gos, O. Grebenyuk, D. Grosnick, S.M. Guertin, K.S.F.F. Guimaraes, N. Gupta, T.D. Gutierrez, B. Haag, T.J. Hallman, A. Hamed, J.W. Harris, W. He, M. Heinz, T.W. Henry, S. Hepplemann, B. Hippolyte, A. Hirsch, E. Hjort, A.M. Hoffman, G.W. Hoffmann, M.J. Horner, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, E.W. Hughes, T.J. Humanic, G. Igo, P. Jacobs, W.W. Jacobs, P. Jakl, F. Jia, H. Jiang, P.G. Jones, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, K. Kang, J. Kapitan, M. Kaplan, D. Keane, A. Kechechyan, V.Yu. Khodyrev, B.C. Kim, J. Kiryluk, A. Kisiel, E.M. Kislov, S.R. Klein, A. Kocoloski, D.D. Koetke, T. Kollegger, M. Kopytine, L. Kotchenda, V. Kouchpil, K.L. Kowalik, M. Kramer, P. Kravtsov, V.I. Kravtsov, K. Krueger, C. Kuhn, A.I. Kulikov, A. Kumar, A.A. Kuznetsov, M.A.C. Lamont, J.M. Landgraf, S. Lange, S. LaPointe, F. Laue, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, R. Lednicky, C.-H. Lee, S. Lehocka, M.J. LeVine, C. Li, Q. Li, Y. Li, G. Lin, X. Lin, S.J. Lindenbaum, M.A. Lisa, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, L. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W.J. Llope, H. Long, R.S. Longacre, W.A. Love, Y. Lu, T. Ludlam, D. Lynn, G.L. Ma, J.G. Ma, Y.G. Ma, D. Magestro, D.P. Mahapatra, R. Majka, L.K. Mangotra, R. Manweiler, S. Margetis, C. Markert, L. Martin, H.S. Matis, Yu.A. Matulenko, C.J. McClain, T.S. McShane, Yu. Melnick, A. Meschanin, J. Millane, M.L. Miller, N.G. Minaev, S. Mioduszewski, C. Mironov, A. Mischke, D.K. Mishra, J. Mitchell, B. Mohanty, L. Molnar, C.F. Moore, D.A. Morozov, M.G. Munhoz, B.K. Nandi, C. Nattrass, T.K. Nayak, J.M. Nelson, P.K. Netrakanti, L.V. Nogach, S.B. Nurushev, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, V. Okorokov, M. Oldenburg, D. Olson, M. Pachr, S.K. Pal, Y. Panebratsev, S.Y. Panitkin, A.I. Pavlinov, T. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, V. Perevoztchikov, C. Perkins, W. Peryt, S.C. Phatak, R. Picha, M. Planinic, J. Pluta, N. Poljak, N. Porile, J. Porter, A.M. Poskanzer, M. Potekhin, E. Potrebenikova, B.V.K.S. Potukuchi, D. Prindle, C. Pruneau, J. Putschke, G. Rakness, R. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, R.L. Ray, S.V. Razin, J. Reinnarth, D. Relyea, F. Retiere, A. Ridiger, H.G. Ritter, J.B. Roberts, O.V. Rogachevskiy, J.L. Romero, A. Rose, C. Roy, L. Ruan, M.J. Russcher, R. Sahoo, T. Sakuma, S. Salur, J. Sandweiss, M. Sarsour, P.S. Sazhin, J. Schambach, R.P. Scharenberg, N. Schmitz, K. Schweda, J. Seger, I. Selyuzhenkov, P. Seyboth, A. Shabetai, E. Shahaliev, M. Shao, M. Sharma, W.Q. Shen, S.S. Shimanskiy, E. Sichtermann, F. Simon, R.N. Singaraju, N. Smirnov, R. Snellings, G. Sood, P. Sorensen, J. Sowinski, J. Speltz, H.M. Spinka, B. Srivastava, A. Stadnik, T.D.S. Stanislaus, R. Stock, A. Stolpovsky, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, A.A.P. Suaide, E. Sugarbaker, M. Sumbera, Z. Sun, B. Surrow, M. Swanger, T.J.M. Symons, A. Szanto de Toledo, A. Tai, J. Takahashi, A.H. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, D. Thein, J.H. Thomas, A.R. Timmins, S. Timoshenko, M. Tokarev, T.A. Trainor, S. Trentalange, R.E. Tribble, O.D. Tsai, J. Ulery, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, G. Van Buren, N. van der Kolk, M. van Leeuwen, A.M. Vander Molen, R. Varma, I.M. Vasilevski, A.N. Vasiliev, R. Vernet, S.E. Vigdor, Y.P. Viyogi, S. Vokal, S.A. Voloshin, W.T. Waggoner, F. Wang, G. Wang, J.S. Wang, X.L. Wang, Y. Wang, J.W. Watson, J.C. Webb, G.D. Westfall, A. Wetzler, C. Whitten, H. Wieman, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wood, J. Wu, N. Xu, Q.H. Xu, Z. Xu, P. Yepes, I.-K. Yoo, V.I. Yurevich, W. Zhan, H. Zhang, W.M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.P. Zhang, Y. Zhao, C. Zhong, R. Zoulkarneev, Y. Zoulkarneeva, A.N. Zubarev, and J.X. Zuo
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Published: 2014

2. The STAR Collaboration

Author: L. Adamczyk, G. Agakishiev, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, A.V. Alakhverdyants, I. Alekseev, J. Alford, B.D. Anderson, C.D. Anson, D. Arkhipkin, E. Aschenauer, G.S. Averichev, J. Balewski, A. Banerjee, Z. Barnovska, D.R. Beavis, R. Bellwied, M.J. Betancourt, R.R. Betts, A. Bhasin, A.K. Bhati, H. Bichsel, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, L.C. Bland, I.G. Bordyuzhin, W. Borowski, J. Bouchet, A.V. Brandin, S.G. Brovko, E. Bruna, S. Bültmann, I. Bunzarov, T.P. Burton, J. Butterworth, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, D. Cebra, R. Cendejas, M.C. Cervantes, P. Chaloupka, Z. Chang, S. Chattopadhyay, H.F. Chen, J.H. Chen, J.Y. Chen, L. Chen, J. Cheng, M. Cherney, A. Chikanian, W. Christie, P. Chung, J. Chwastowski, M.J.M. Codrington, R. Corliss, J.G. Cramer, H.J. Crawford, X. Cui, S. Das, A. Davila Leyva, L.C. De Silva, R.R. Debbe, T.G. Dedovich, J. Deng, R. Derradi de Souza, S. Dhamija, L. Didenko, F. Ding, A. Dion, P. Djawotho, X. Dong, J.L. Drachenberg, J.E. Draper, C.M. Du, L.E. Dunkelberger, J.C. Dunlop, L.G. Efimov, M. Elnimr, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, L. Eun, O. Evdokimov, R. Fatemi, S. Fazio, J. Fedorisin, R.G. Fersch, P. Filip, E. Finch, Y. Fisyak, C.A. Gagliardi, D.R. Gangadharan, F. Geurts, A. Gibson, S. Gliske, Y.N. Gorbunov, O.G. Grebenyuk, D. Grosnick, S. Gupta, W. Guryn, B. Haag, O. Hajkova, A. Hamed, L-X. Han, J.W. Harris, J.P. Hays-Wehle, S. Heppelmann, A. Hirsch, G.W. Hoffmann, D.J. Hofman, S. Horvat, B. Huang, H.Z. Huang, P. Huck, T.J. Humanic, L. Huo, G. Igo, W.W. Jacobs, C. Jena, J. Joseph, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, K. Kang, J. Kapitan, K. Kauder, H.W. Ke, D. Keane, A. Kechechyan, A. Kesich, D.P. Kikola, J. Kiryluk, I. Kisel, A. Kisiel, V. Kizka, S.R. Klein, D.D. Koetke, T. Kollegger, J. Konzer, I. Koralt, L. Koroleva, W. Korsch, L. Kotchenda, P. Kravtsov, K. Krueger, I. Kulakov, L. Kumar, M.A.C. Lamont, J.M. Landgraf, S. LaPointe, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, R. Lednicky, J.H. Lee, W. Leight, M.J. LeVine, C. Li, L. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z.M. Li, L.M. Lima, M.A. Lisa, F. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W.J. Llope, R.S. Longacre, Y. Lu, X. Luo, A. Luszczak, G.L. Ma, Y.G. Ma, D.M.M.D. Madagodagettige Don, D.P. Mahapatra, R. Majka, O.I. Mall, S. Margetis, C. Markert, H. Masui, H.S. Matis, D. McDonald, T.S. McShane, S. Mioduszewski, M.K. Mitrovski, Y. Mohammed, B. Mohanty, M.M. Mondal, B. Morozov, M.G. Munhoz, M.K. Mustafa, M. Naglis, B.K. Nandi, Md. Nasim, T.K. Nayak, J.M. Nelson, L.V. Nogach, J. Novak, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, K. Oh, A. Ohlson, V. Okorokov, E.W. Oldag, R.A.N. Oliveira, D. Olson, P. Ostrowski, M. Pachr, B.S. Page, S.K. Pal, Y.X. Pan, Y. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, T. Pawlak, B. Pawlik, H. Pei, C. Perkins, W. Peryt, P. Pile, M. Planinic, J. Pluta, D. Plyku, N. Poljak, J. Porter, A.M. Poskanzer, C.B. Powell, C. Pruneau, N.K. Pruthi, M. Przybycien, P.R. Pujahari, J. Putschke, H. Qiu, R. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, R.L. Ray, R. Redwine, R. Reed, C.K. Riley, H.G. Ritter, J.B. Roberts, O.V. Rogachevskiy, J.L. Romero, J.F. Ross, L. Ruan, J. Rusnak, N.R. Sahoo, P.K. Sahu, I. Sakrejda, S. Salur, A. Sandacz, J. Sandweiss, E. Sangaline, A. Sarkar, J. Schambach, R.P. Scharenberg, A.M. Schmah, B. Schmidke, N. Schmitz, T.R. Schuster, J. Seele, J. Seger, P. Seyboth, N. Shah, E. Shahaliev, M. Shao, B. Sharma, M. Sharma, S.S. Shi, Q.Y. Shou, E.P. Sichtermann, R.N. Singaraju, M.J. Skoby, D. Smirnov, N. Smirnov, D. Solanki, P. Sorensen, U.G. deSouza, H.M. Spinka, B. Srivastava, T.D.S. Stanislaus, S.G. Steadman, J.R. Stevens, R. Stock, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, A.A.P. Suaide, M.C. Suarez, M. Sumbera, X.M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Sun, B. Surrow, D.N. Svirida, T.J.M. Symons, A. Szanto de Toledo, J. Takahashi, A.H. Tang, Z. Tang, L.H. Tarini, T. Tarnowsky, D. Thein, J.H. Thomas, J. Tian, A.R. Timmins, D. Tlusty, M. Tokarev, S. Trentalange, R.E. Tribble, P. Tribedy, B.A. Trzeciak, O.D. Tsai, J. Turnau, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, J.A. Vanfossen, R. Varma, G.M.S. Vasconcelos, F. Videbæk, Y.P. Viyogi, S. Vokal, S.A. Voloshin, A. Vossen, M. Wada, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J.S. Wang, Q. Wang, X.L. Wang, Y. Wang, G. Webb, J.C. Webb, G.D. Westfall, C. Whitten, H. Wieman, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, W. Witzke, Y.F. Wu, Z. Xiao, W. Xie, K. Xin, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q.H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, L. Xue, Y. Yang, P. Yepes, Y. Yi, K. Yip, I-K. Yoo, M. Zawisza, H. Zbroszczyk, J.B. Zhang, S. Zhang, W.M. Zhang, X.P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.P. Zhang, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, C. Zhong, X. Zhu, Y.H. Zhu, Y. Zoulkarneeva, and M. Zyzak
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astronomy, Star (graph theory)
Published: 2013

3. Evolution of the differential transverse momentum correlation function with centrality in Au + Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV

Author: G. Agakishiev, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, A.V. Alakhverdyants, I. Alekseev, J. Alford, B.D. Anderson, C.D. Anson, D. Arkhipkin, G.S. Averichev, J. Balewski, D.R. Beavis, N.K. Behera, R. Bellwied, M.J. Betancourt, R.R. Betts, A. Bhasin, A.K. Bhati, H. Bichsel, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, B. Biritz, L.C. Bland, I.G. Bordyuzhin, W. Borowski, J. Bouchet, E. Braidot, A.V. Brandin, A. Bridgeman, S.G. Brovko, E. Bruna, S. Bueltmann, I. Bunzarov, T.P. Burton, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, D. Cebra, R. Cendejas, M.C. Cervantes, Z. Chajecki, P. Chaloupka, S. Chattopadhyay, H.F. Chen, J.H. Chen, J.Y. Chen, L. Chen, J. Cheng, M. Cherney, A. Chikanian, K.E. Choi, W. Christie, P. Chung, M.J.M. Codrington, R. Corliss, J.G. Cramer, H.J. Crawford, A. Davila Leyva, L.C. De Silva, R.R. Debbe, T.G. Dedovich, A.A. Derevschikov, R. Derradi de Souza, L. Didenko, P. Djawotho, S.M. Dogra, X. Dong, J.L. Drachenberg, J.E. Draper, J.C. Dunlop, L.G. Efimov, M. Elnimr, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, M. Estienne, L. Eun, O. Evdokimov, R. Fatemi, J. Fedorisin, R.G. Fersch, P. Filip, E. Finch, V. Fine, Y. Fisyak, C.A. Gagliardi, D.R. Gangadharan, F. Geurts, P. Ghosh, Y.N. Gorbunov, A. Gordon, O.G. Grebenyuk, D. Grosnick, S.M. Guertin, A. Gupta, S. Gupta, W. Guryn, B. Haag, O. Hajkova, A. Hamed, L.-X. Han, J.W. Harris, J.P. Hays-Wehle, M. Heinz, S. Heppelmann, A. Hirsch, E. Hjort, G.W. Hoffmann, D.J. Hofman, B. Huang, H.Z. Huang, T.J. Humanic, L. Huo, G. Igo, P. Jacobs, W.W. Jacobs, C. Jena, F. Jin, J. Joseph, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, K. Kang, J. Kapitan, K. Kauder, H.W. Ke, D. Keane, A. Kechechyan, D. Kettler, D.P. Kikola, J. Kiryluk, A. Kisiel, V. Kizka, A.G. Knospe, D.D. Koetke, T. Kollegger, J. Konzer, I. Koralt, L. Koroleva, W. Korsch, L. Kotchenda, V. Kouchpil, P. Kravtsov, K. Krueger, M. Krus, L. Kumar, P. Kurnadi, M.A.C. Lamont, J.M. Landgraf, S. LaPointe, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, R. Lednicky, J.H. Lee, W. Leight, M.J. LeVine, C. Li, L. Li, N. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z.M. Li, L.M. Lima, M.A. Lisa, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W.J. Llope, R.S. Longacre, W.A. Love, Y. Lu, E.V. Lukashov, X. Luo, G.L. Ma, Y.G. Ma, D.P. Mahapatra, R. Majka, O.I. Mall, R. Manweiler, S. Margetis, C. Markert, H. Masui, H.S. Matis, Yu.A. Matulenko, D. McDonald, T.S. McShane, A. Meschanin, R. Milner, N.G. Minaev, S. Mioduszewski, M.K. Mitrovski, Y. Mohammed, B. Mohanty, M.M. Mondal, B. Morozov, D.A. Morozov, M.G. Munhoz, M.K. Mustafa, M. Naglis, B.K. Nandi, T.K. Nayak, P.K. Netrakanti, L.V. Nogach, S.B. Nurushev, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, K. Oh, A. Ohlson, V. Okorokov, E.W. Oldag, R.A.N. Oliveira, D. Olson, M. Pachr, B.S. Page, S.K. Pal, Y. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, T. Pawlak, H. Pei, T. Peitzmann, C. Perkins, W. Peryt, P. Pile, M. Planinic, M.A. Ploskon, J. Pluta, D. Plyku, N. Poljak, J. Porter, A.M. Poskanzer, B.V.K.S. Potukuchi, C.B. Powell, D. Prindle, C. Pruneau, N.K. Pruthi, P.R. Pujahari, J. Putschke, H. Qiu, R. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, R. Redwine, R. Reed, H.G. Ritter, J.B. Roberts, O.V. Rogachevskiy, J.L. Romero, L. Ruan, J. Rusnak, N.R. Sahoo, I. Sakrejda, S. Salur, J. Sandweiss, E. Sangaline, A. Sarkar, J. Schambach, R.P. Scharenberg, A.M. Schmah, N. Schmitz, T.R. Schuster, J. Seele, J. Seger, I. Selyuzhenkov, P. Seyboth, N. Shah, E. Shahaliev, M. Shao, M. Sharma, S.S. Shi, Q.Y. Shou, E.P. Sichtermann, F. Simon, R.N. Singaraju, M.J. Skoby, N. Smirnov, D. Solanki, P. Sorensen, U.G. Souza, H.M. Spinka, B. Srivastava, T.D.S. Stanislaus, D. Staszak, S.G. Steadman, J.R. Stevens, R. Stock, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, A.A.P. Suaide, M.C. Suarez, N.L. Subba, M. Sumbera, X.M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Sun, B. Surrow, D.N. Svirida, T.J.M. Symons, A. Szanto de Toledo, J. Takahashi, A.H. Tang, Z. Tang, L.H. Tarini, T. Tarnowsky, D. Thein, J.H. Thomas, J. Tian, A.R. Timmins, D. Tlusty, M. Tokarev, S. Trentalange, R.E. Tribble, P. Tribedy, O.D. Tsai, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, J.A. Vanfossen, R. Varma, G.M.S. Vasconcelos, A.N. Vasiliev, F. Videbæk, Y.P. Viyogi, S. Vokal, S.A. Voloshin, M. Wada, M. Walker, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J.S. Wang, Q. Wang, X.L. Wang, Y. Wang, G. Webb, J.C. Webb, G.D. Westfall, C. Whitten, H. Wieman, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, W. Witzke, Y.F. Wu, Z. Xiao, W. Xie, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q.H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, L. Xue, Y. Yang, P. Yepes, K. Yip, I.-K. Yoo, M. Zawisza, H. Zbroszczyk, W. Zhan, J.B. Zhang, S. Zhang, W.M. Zhang, X.P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.P. Zhang, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, C. Zhong, W. Zhou, X. Zhu, Y.H. Zhu, R. Zoulkarneev, and Y. Zoulkarneeva
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Shear viscosity, Observable, Collision, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Entropy density, 0103 physical sciences, Transverse momentum, Entropy (information theory), Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Centrality
Abstract: We present first measurements of the evolution of the differential transverse momentum correlation function, C, with collision centrality in Au + Au interactions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. This observable exhibits a strong dependence on collision centrality that is qualitatively similar to that of number correlations previously reported. We use the observed longitudinal broadening of the near-side peak of C with increasing centrality to estimate the ratio of the shear viscosity to entropy density, eta/s, of the matter formed in central Au + Au interactions. We obtain an upper limit estimate of eta/s that suggests that the produced medium has a small viscosity per unit entropy. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2011

4. The physics of sailing

Author: B.D. Anderson
Subjects: Bernoulli's principle, business.product_category, General Physics and Astronomy, Aerodynamics, business, Airplane, Marine engineering
Abstract: Sails and keels, like airplane wings, exploit Bernoulli’s principle. Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic insights help designers create faster sailboats.
Published: 2008

5. Energy dependence of π±, p and p¯ transverse momentum spectra for Au+Au collisions at sNN=62.4 and 200 GeV

Author: B.I. Abelev, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, B.D. Anderson, D. Arkhipkin, G.S. Averichev, Y. Bai, J. Balewski, O. Barannikova, L.S. Barnby, S. Baumgart, V.V. Belaga, A. Bellingeri-Laurikainen, R. Bellwied, F. Benedosso, R.R. Betts, S. Bharadwaj, A. Bhasin, A.K. Bhati, H. Bichsel, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, A. Billmeier, L.C. Bland, S.-L. Blyth, M. Bombara, B.E. Bonner, M. Botje, J. Bouchet, A.V. Brandin, A. Bravar, T.P. Burton, M. Bystersky, R.V. Cadman, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, J. Callner, O. Catu, D. Cebra, Z. Chajecki, P. Chaloupka, S. Chattopadhyay, H.F. Chen, J.H. Chen, J.Y. Chen, J. Cheng, M. Cherney, A. Chikanian, H.A. Choi, W. Christie, S.U. Chung, J.P. Coffin, T.M. Cormier, M.R. Cosentino, J.G. Cramer, H.J. Crawford, D. Das, S. Dash, M. Daugherity, M.M. de Moura, T.G. Dedovich, M. DePhillips, A.A. Derevschikov, L. Didenko, T. Dietel, P. Djawotho, S.M. Dogra, X. Dong, J.L. Drachenberg, J.E. Draper, F. Du, V.B. Dunin, J.C. Dunlop, M.R. Dutta Mazumdar, V. Eckardt, W.R. Edwards, L.G. Efimov, V. Emelianov, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, B. Erazmus, M. Estienne, P. Fachini, R. Fatemi, J. Fedorisin, A. Feng, P. Filip, E. Finch, V. Fine, Y. Fisyak, K.S.F. Fornazier, J. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, L. Gaillard, M.S. Ganti, E. Garcia-Solis, V. Ghazikhanian, P. Ghosh, Y.G. Gorbunov, H. Gos, O. Grebenyuk, D. Grosnick, S.M. Guertin, K.S.F.F. Guimaraes, N. Gupta, B. Haag, T.J. Hallman, A. Hamed, J.W. Harris, W. He, M. Heinz, T.W. Henry, S. Hepplemann, B. Hippolyte, A. Hirsch, E. Hjort, A.M. Hoffman, G.W. Hoffmann, D. Hofman, R. Hollis, M.J. Horner, H.Z. Huang, E.W. Hughes, T.J. Humanic, G. Igo, A. Iordanova, P. Jacobs, W.W. Jacobs, P. Jakl, F. Jia, H. Jiang, P.G. Jones, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, K. Kang, J. Kapitan, M. Kaplan, D. Keane, A. Kechechyan, D. Kettler, V.Yu. Khodyrev, B.C. Kim, J. Kiryluk, A. Kisiel, E.M. Kislov, S.R. Klein, A.G. Knospe, A. Kocoloski, D.D. Koetke, T. Kollegger, M. Kopytine, L. Kotchenda, V. Kouchpil, K.L. Kowalik, M. Kramer, P. Kravtsov, V.I. Kravtsov, K. Krueger, C. Kuhn, A.I. Kulikov, A. Kumar, P. Kurnadi, A.A. Kuznetsov, M.A.C. Lamont, J.M. Landgraf, S. Lange, S. LaPointe, F. Laue, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, R. Lednicky, C.-H. Lee, S. Lehocka, M.J. LeVine, C. Li, Q. Li, Y. Li, G. Lin, X. Lin, S.J. Lindenbaum, M.A. Lisa, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, L. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W.J. Llope, H. Long, R.S. Longacre, M. Lopez-Noriega, W.A. Love, Y. Lu, T. Ludlam, D. Lynn, G.L. Ma, J.G. Ma, Y.G. Ma, D.P. Mahapatra, R. Majka, L.K. Mangotra, R. Manweiler, S. Margetis, C. Markert, L. Martin, H.S. Matis, Yu.A. Matulenko, C.J. McClain, T.S. McShane, Yu. Melnick, A. Meschanin, J. Millane, M.L. Miller, N.G. Minaev, S. Mioduszewski, C. Mironov, A. Mischke, J. Mitchell, B. Mohanty, L. Molnar, D.A. Morozov, M.G. Munhoz, B.K. Nandi, C. Nattrass, T.K. Nayak, J.M. Nelson, C. Nepali, P.K. Netrakanti, V.A. Nikitin, L.V. Nogach, S.B. Nurushev, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, V. Okorokov, M. Oldenburg, D. Olson, M. Pachr, S.K. Pal, Y. Panebratsev, S.Y. Panitkin, A.I. Pavlinov, T. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, V. Perevoztchikov, C. Perkins, W. Peryt, S.C. Phatak, M. Planinic, J. Pluta, N. Poljak, N. Porile, A.M. Poskanzer, M. Potekhin, E. Potrebenikova, B.V.K.S. Potukuchi, D. Prindle, C. Pruneau, J. Putschke, I.A. Qattan, R. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, R.L. Ray, S.V. Razin, J. Reinnarth, D. Relyea, A. Ridiger, H.G. Ritter, J.B. Roberts, O.V. Rogachevskiy, J.L. Romero, A. Rose, C. Roy, L. Ruan, M.J. Russcher, R. Sahoo, I. Sakrejda, T. Sakuma, S. Salur, J. Sandweiss, M. Sarsour, I. Savin, P.S. Sazhin, J. Schambach, R.P. Scharenberg, N. Schmitz, J. Seger, I. Selyuzhenkov, P. Seyboth, A. Shabetai, E. Shahaliev, M. Shao, M. Sharma, W.Q. Shen, S.S. Shimanskiy, E. Sichtermann, F. Simon, R.N. Singaraju, N. Smirnov, R. Snellings, P. Sorensen, J. Sowinski, J. Speltz, H.M. Spinka, B. Srivastava, A. Stadnik, T.D.S. Stanislaus, R. Stock, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, A.A.P. Suaide, M.C. Suarez, N.L. Subba, M. Sumbera, X.M. Sun, Z. Sun, B. Surrow, T.J.M. Symons, A. Szanto de Toledo, J. Takahashi, A.H. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, J.H. Thomas, A.R. Timmins, S. Timoshenko, M. Tokarev, T.A. Trainor, S. Trentalange, R.E. Tribble, O.D. Tsai, J. Ulery, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, G. Van Buren, N. van der Kolk, M. van Leeuwen, A.M. Vander Molen, R. Varma, I.M. Vasilevski, A.N. Vasiliev, R. Vernet, S.E. Vigdor, Y.P. Viyogi, S. Vokal, S.A. Voloshin, W.T. Waggoner, F. Wang, G. Wang, J.S. Wang, X.L. Wang, Y. Wang, J.W. Watson, J.C. Webb, G.D. Westfall, A. Wetzler, C. Whitten Jr., H. Wieman, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wu, N. Xu, Q.H. Xu, Z. Xu, P. Yepes, I.-K. Yoo, Q. Yue, V.I. Yurevich, W. Zhan, H. Zhang, W.M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.P. Zhang, Y. Zhao, C. Zhong, R. Zoulkarneev, Y. Zoulkarneeva, A.N. Zubarev, and J.X. Zuo
Subjects: Nuclear reaction, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Meson, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Baryon, Pion, Antimatter, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Jet quenching
Abstract: We study the energy dependense of the transverse momentum (PT) spectra for charged pions, protons and anti-protons for An + An collisions at root(NN)-N-s = 62.4 and 200 GeV. Data are presented at mid-rapidity (broken vertical bar y broken vertical bar 7 GeV/c) the modification is similar for both energies. The p/pi(+) and (p) over bar/pi(-) ratios for central collisions at root(NN)-N-s = 62.4 GeV peak at PT similar or equal to 2 GeV/c. In the PT range where recombination is expected to dominate, the p/pi(+) ratios at 62.4 GeV are larger than at 200 GeV, while the (p) over bar/pi(-) ratios are smaller. For PT > 2 GeV/c, the (p) over bar/pi(-) ratios at the two beam energies are independent of P-T and centrality indicating that the dependence of the (p) over bar/pi(-) ratio on P-T does not change between 62.4 and 200 GeV. These findings challenge various models incorporating jet quenching and/or constituent quark coalescence. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2007

6. Hadronization geometry from net-charge angular correlations on momentum subspace (η,ϕ) in Au–Au collisions at sNN=130 GeV

Author: J. Adams, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, J. Amonett, B.D. Anderson, D. Arkhipkin, G.S. Averichev, S.K. Badyal, Y. Bai, J. Balewski, O. Barannikova, L.S. Barnby, J. Baudot, S. Bekele, V.V. Belaga, A. Bellingeri-Laurikainen, R. Bellwied, J. Berger, B.I. Bezverkhny, S. Bharadwaj, A. Bhasin, A.K. Bhati, V.S. Bhatia, H. Bichsel, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, A. Billmeier, L.C. Bland, C.O. Blyth, S.-L. Blyth, B.E. Bonner, M. Botje, A. Boucham, J. Bouchet, A.V. Brandin, A. Bravar, M. Bystersky, R.V. Cadman, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, J. Castillo, O. Catu, D. Cebra, Z. Chajecki, P. Chaloupka, S. Chattopadhyay, H.F. Chen, J.H. Chen, Y. Chen, J. Cheng, M. Cherney, A. Chikanian, H.A. Choi, W. Christie, J.P. Coffin, T.M. Cormier, M.R. Cosentino, J.G. Cramer, H.J. Crawford, D. Das, S. Das, M. Daugherity, M.M. de Moura, T.G. Dedovich, M. DePhillips, A.A. Derevschikov, L. Didenko, T. Dietel, S.M. Dogra, W.J. Dong, X. Dong, J.E. Draper, F. Du, A.K. Dubey, V.B. Dunin, J.C. Dunlop, M.R. Dutta Mazumdar, V. Eckardt, W.R. Edwards, L.G. Efimov, V. Emelianov, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, B. Erazmus, M. Estienne, P. Fachini, J. Faivre, R. Fatemi, J. Fedorisin, K. Filimonov, P. Filip, E. Finch, V. Fine, Y. Fisyak, K.S.F. Fornazier, J. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, L. Gaillard, J. Gans, M.S. Ganti, F. Geurts, V. Ghazikhanian, P. Ghosh, J.E. Gonzalez, H. Gos, O. Grachov, O. Grebenyuk, D. Grosnick, S.M. Guertin, Y. Guo, A. Gupta, N. Gupta, T.D. Gutierrez, T.J. Hallman, A. Hamed, D. Hardtke, J.W. Harris, M. Heinz, T.W. Henry, S. Hepplemann, B. Hippolyte, A. Hirsch, E. Hjort, G.W. Hoffmann, M.J. Horner, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, E.W. Hughes, T.J. Humanic, G. Igo, A. Ishihara, P. Jacobs, W.W. Jacobs, M. Jedynak, H. Jiang, P.G. Jones, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, K. Kang, M. Kaplan, D. Keane, A. Kechechyan, V.Yu. Khodyrev, B.C. Kim, J. Kiryluk, A. Kisiel, E.M. Kislov, J. Klay, S.R. Klein, D.D. Koetke, T. Kollegger, M. Kopytine, L. Kotchenda, K.L. Kowalik, M. Kramer, P. Kravtsov, V.I. Kravtsov, K. Krueger, C. Kuhn, A.I. Kulikov, A. Kumar, R.Kh. Kutuev, A.A. Kuznetsov, M.A.C. Lamont, J.M. Landgraf, S. Lange, F. Laue, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, R. Lednicky, C.-H. Lee, S. Lehocka, M.J. LeVine, C. Li, Q. Li, Y. Li, G. Lin, S.J. Lindenbaum, M.A. Lisa, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, L. Liu, Q.J. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W.J. Llope, H. Long, R.S. Longacre, M. Lopez-Noriega, W.A. Love, Y. Lu, T. Ludlam, D. Lynn, G.L. Ma, J.G. Ma, Y.G. Ma, D. Magestro, S. Mahajan, D.P. Mahapatra, R. Majka, L.K. Mangotra, R. Manweiler, S. Margetis, C. Markert, L. Martin, J.N. Marx, H.S. Matis, Yu.A. Matulenko, C.J. McClain, T.S. McShane, F. Meissner, Yu. Melnick, A. Meschanin, M.L. Miller, N.G. Minaev, C. Mironov, A. Mischke, D.K. Mishra, J. Mitchell, B. Mohanty, L. Molnar, C.F. Moore, D.A. Morozov, M.G. Munhoz, B.K. Nandi, S.K. Nayak, T.K. Nayak, J.M. Nelson, P.K. Netrakanti, V.A. Nikitin, L.V. Nogach, S.B. Nurushev, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, V. Okorokov, M. Oldenburg, D. Olson, S.K. Pal, Y. Panebratsev, S.Y. Panitkin, A.I. Pavlinov, T. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, V. Perevoztchikov, C. Perkins, W. Peryt, V.A. Petrov, S.C. Phatak, R. Picha, M. Planinic, J. Pluta, N. Porile, J. Porter, A.M. Poskanzer, M. Potekhin, E. Potrebenikova, B.V.K.S. Potukuchi, D. Prindle, C. Pruneau, J. Putschke, G. Rakness, R. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, O. Ravel, R.L. Ray, S.V. Razin, D. Reichhold, J.G. Reid, J. Reinnarth, G. Renault, F. Retiere, A. Ridiger, H.G. Ritter, J.B. Roberts, O.V. Rogachevskiy, J.L. Romero, A. Rose, C. Roy, L. Ruan, M.J. Russcher, R. Sahoo, I. Sakrejda, S. Salur, J. Sandweiss, M. Sarsour, I. Savin, P.S. Sazhin, J. Schambach, R.P. Scharenberg, N. Schmitz, K. Schweda, J. Seger, P. Seyboth, E. Shahaliev, M. Shao, W. Shao, M. Sharma, W.Q. Shen, K.E. Shestermanov, S.S. Shimanskiy, E. Sichtermann, F. Simon, R.N. Singaraju, N. Smirnov, R. Snellings, G. Sood, P. Sorensen, J. Sowinski, J. Speltz, H.M. Spinka, B. Srivastava, A. Stadnik, T.D.S. Stanislaus, R. Stock, A. Stolpovsky, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, A.A.P. Suaide, E. Sugarbaker, M. Sumbera, B. Surrow, M. Swanger, T.J.M. Symons, A. Szanto de Toledo, A. Tai, J. Takahashi, A.H. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, D. Thein, J.H. Thomas, A.R. Timmins, S. Timoshenko, M. Tokarev, T.A. Trainor, S. Trentalange, R.E. Tribble, O.D. Tsai, J. Ulery, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, G. Van Buren, N. van der Kolk, M. van Leeuwen, A.M. Vander Molen, R. Varma, I.M. Vasilevski, A.N. Vasiliev, R. Vernet, S.E. Vigdor, Y.P. Viyogi, S. Vokal, S.A. Voloshin, W.T. Waggoner, F. Wang, G. Wang, X.L. Wang, Y. Wang, Z.M. Wang, H. Ward, J.W. Watson, J.C. Webb, G.D. Westfall, A. Wetzler, C. Whitten, H. Wieman, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wood, J. Wu, N. Xu, Z. Xu, Z.Z. Xu, E. Yamamoto, P. Yepes, I.-K. Yoo, V.I. Yurevich, I. Zborovsky, H. Zhang, W.M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.P. Zhang, C. Zhong, R. Zoulkarneev, Y. Zoulkarneeva, A.N. Zubarev, and J.X. Zuo
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, Angular difference, Geometry, 01 natural sciences, Hadronization, Azimuth, Nuclear physics, Pseudorapidity, 0103 physical sciences, Transverse momentum, Beam direction, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Subspace topology
Abstract: We present the first measurements of charge-dependent correlations on angular difference variables η 1 − η 2 (pseudorapidity) and ϕ 1 − ϕ 2 (azimuth) for primary charged hadrons with transverse momentum 0.15 ⩽ p t ⩽ 2 GeV / c and | η | ⩽ 1.3 from Au–Au collisions at s N N = 130 GeV . We observe correlation structures not predicted by theory but consistent with evolution of hadron emission geometry with increasing centrality from one-dimensional fragmentation of color strings along the beam direction to an at least two-dimensional hadronization geometry along the beam and azimuth directions of a hadron-opaque bulk medium.
Published: 2006

7. Pion, kaon, proton and anti-proton transverse momentum distributions from p+p and d+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV

Author: J. Adams, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, J. Amonett, B.D. Anderson, D. Arkhipkin, G.S. Averichev, S.K. Badyal, Y. Bai, J. Balewski, O. Barannikova, L.S. Barnby, J. Baudot, S. Bekele, V.V. Belaga, R. Bellwied, J. Berger, B.I. Bezverkhny, S. Bharadwaj, A. Bhasin, A.K. Bhati, V.S. Bhatia, H. Bichsel, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, A. Billmeier, L.C. Bland, C.O. Blyth, B.E. Bonner, M. Botje, A. Boucham, A.V. Brandin, A. Bravar, M. Bystersky, R.V. Cadman, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, J. Castillo, O. Catu, D. Cebra, Z. Chajecki, P. Chaloupka, S. Chattopadhyay, H.F. Chen, Y. Chen, J. Cheng, M. Cherney, A. Chikanian, W. Christie, J.P. Coffin, T.M. Cormier, J.G. Cramer, H.J. Crawford, D. Das, S. Das, M.M. de Moura, A.A. Derevschikov, L. Didenko, T. Dietel, S.M. Dogra, W.J. Dong, X. Dong, J.E. Draper, F. Du, A.K. Dubey, V.B. Dunin, J.C. Dunlop, M.R. Dutta Mazumdar, V. Eckardt, W.R. Edwards, L.G. Efimov, V. Emelianov, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, B. Erazmus, M. Estienne, P. Fachini, J. Faivre, R. Fatemi, J. Fedorisin, K. Filimonov, P. Filip, E. Finch, V. Fine, Y. Fisyak, K. Fomenko, J. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, L. Gaillard, J. Gans, M.S. Ganti, L. Gaudichet, F. Geurts, V. Ghazikhanian, P. Ghosh, J.E. Gonzalez, O. Grachov, O. Grebenyuk, D. Grosnick, S.M. Guertin, Y. Guo, A. Gupta, T.D. Gutierrez, T.J. Hallman, A. Hamed, D. Hardtke, J.W. Harris, M. Heinz, T.W. Henry, S. Hepplemann, B. Hippolyte, A. Hirsch, E. Hjort, G.W. Hoffmann, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, E.W. Hughes, T.J. Humanic, G. Igo, A. Ishihara, P. Jacobs, W.W. Jacobs, M. Janik, H. Jiang, P.G. Jones, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, K. Kang, M. Kaplan, D. Keane, V.Yu. Khodyrev, J. Kiryluk, A. Kisiel, E.M. Kislov, J. Klay, S.R. Klein, D.D. Koetke, T. Kollegger, M. Kopytine, L. Kotchenda, M. Kramer, P. Kravtsov, V.I. Kravtsov, K. Krueger, C. Kuhn, A.I. Kulikov, A. Kumar, R.Kh. Kutuev, A.A. Kuznetsov, M.A.C. Lamont, J.M. Landgraf, S. Lange, F. Laue, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, R. Lednicky, S. Lehocka, M.J. LeVine, C. Li, Q. Li, Y. Li, G. Lin, S.J. Lindenbaum, M.A. Lisa, F. Liu, L. Liu, Q.J. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W.J. Llope, H. Long, R.S. Longacre, M. Lopez-Noriega, W.A. Love, Y. Lu, T. Ludlam, D. Lynn, G.L. Ma, J.G. Ma, Y.G. Ma, D. Magestro, S. Mahajan, D.P. Mahapatra, R. Majka, L.K. Mangotra, R. Manweiler, S. Margetis, C. Markert, L. Martin, J.N. Marx, H.S. Matis, Yu.A. Matulenko, C.J. McClain, T.S. McShane, F. Meissner, Yu. Melnick, A. Meschanin, M.L. Miller, N.G. Minaev, C. Mironov, A. Mischke, D.K. Mishra, J. Mitchell, B. Mohanty, L. Molnar, C.F. Moore, D.A. Morozov, M.G. Munhoz, B.K. Nandi, S.K. Nayak, T.K. Nayak, J.M. Nelson, P.K. Netrakanti, V.A. Nikitin, L.V. Nogach, S.B. Nurushev, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, V. Okorokov, M. Oldenburg, D. Olson, S.K. Pal, Y. Panebratsev, S.Y. Panitkin, A.I. Pavlinov, T. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, V. Perevoztchikov, C. Perkins, W. Peryt, V.A. Petrov, S.C. Phatak, R. Picha, M. Planinic, J. Pluta, N. Porile, J. Porter, A.M. Poskanzer, M. Potekhin, E. Potrebenikova, B.V.K.S. Potukuchi, D. Prindle, C. Pruneau, J. Putschke, G. Rakness, R. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, O. Ravel, R.L. Ray, S.V. Razin, D. Reichhold, J.G. Reid, G. Renault, F. Retiere, A. Ridiger, H.G. Ritter, J.B. Roberts, O.V. Rogachevskiy, J.L. Romero, A. Rose, C. Roy, L. Ruan, R. Sahoo, I. Sakrejda, S. Salur, J. Sandweiss, M. Sarsour, I. Savin, P.S. Sazhin, J. Schambach, R.P. Scharenberg, N. Schmitz, K. Schweda, J. Seger, P. Seyboth, E. Shahaliev, M. Shao, W. Shao, M. Sharma, W.Q. Shen, K.E. Shestermanov, S.S. Shimanskiy, E. Sichtermann, F. Simon, R.N. Singaraju, G. Skoro, N. Smirnov, R. Snellings, G. Sood, P. Sorensen, J. Sowinski, J. Speltz, H.M. Spinka, B. Srivastava, A. Stadnik, T.D.S. Stanislaus, R. Stock, A. Stolpovsky, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, A.A.P. Suaide, E. Sugarbaker, C. Suire, M. Sumbera, B. Surrow, T.J.M. Symons, A. Szanto de Toledo, P. Szarwas, A. Tai, J. Takahashi, A.H. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, D. Thein, J.H. Thomas, S. Timoshenko, M. Tokarev, T.A. Trainor, S. Trentalange, R.E. Tribble, O.D. Tsai, J. Ulery, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, A. Urkinbaev, G. Van Buren, M. van Leeuwen, A.M. Vander Molen, R. Varma, I.M. Vasilevski, A.N. Vasiliev, R. Vernet, S.E. Vigdor, Y.P. Viyogi, S. Vokal, S.A. Voloshin, M. Vznuzdaev, W.T. Waggoner, F. Wang, G. Wang, X.L. Wang, Y. Wang, Z.M. Wang, H. Ward, J.W. Watson, J.C. Webb, R. Wells, G.D. Westfall, A. Wetzler, C. Whitten, H. Wieman, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wood, J. Wu, N. Xu, Z. Xu, Z.Z. Xu, E. Yamamoto, P. Yepes, V.I. Yurevich, Y.V. Zanevsky, H. Zhang, W.M. Zhang, Z.P. Zhang, R. Zoulkarneev, Y. Zoulkarneeva, and A.N. Zubarev
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, Baryon, Nuclear physics, Pion, Antiproton, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Bar (unit)
Abstract: Identified mid-rapidity particle spectra of pi(+/-), K+/-, and p((p) over bar) from 200 GeV p + p and d + Au collisions are reported. A time-of-flight detector based on multi-gap resistive plate chamber technology is used for particle identification. The particle-species dependence of the Cronin effect is observed to be significantly smaller than that at lower energies. The ratio of the nuclear modification factor (R-dAu) between protons (p + (p) over bar) and charged hadrons (h) in the transverse momentum range 1.2 < p(T) < 3.0 GeV/c is measured to be 1.19 +/- 0.05(stat) +/- 0.03(syst) in minimum-bias collisions and shows little centrality dependence. The yield ratio of (p + (p) over bar)/h in minimum-bias d + Au collisions is found to be a factor of 2 lower than that in Au + Au collisions, indicating that the Cronin effect alone is not enough to account for the relative baryon enhancement observed in heavy ion collisions at RHIC. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2005

8. Neutron electric form factor up to Q2 = 1.47 GeV/c2

Author: L. Yuan, Chenyu Yan, Rolf Ent, W. Kim, W.-M. Zhang, B.D. Anderson, Brad Plaster, G. R. Smith, Donal Day, C. Perdrisat, M. Farkhondeh, P.E. Ulmer, S. Churchwell, W. Tireman, A. Yu. Semenov, M. Khandaker, R. D. Carlini, David Manley, V. Tadevosyan, C. E. Keppel, L. Cole, S. Tajima, J. Reinhold, S. Danagoulian, James J. Kelly, A. Aghalaryan, F. R. Wesselmann, V. Punjabi, Richard Madey, C. R. Howell, Brian Raue, W. Vulcan, I. A. Semenova, Y. Sato, O. K. Baker, H. Breuer, Paul Gueye, J.W. Watson, E. Christy, L. G. Tang, S. Wells, J.M. Finn, Sung-Chul Yang, Xiaofeng Zhu, Hongbo Zhu, K. Garrow, G. MacLachlan, J. Roche, R. Asaturyan, L. Gan, John C. Mitchell, Pete Markowitz, M. K. Jones, S. Kowalski, D. Mack, A. Ahmidouch, M. Elaasar, N. Simicevic, B. Hu, S. A. Wood, A.K. Opper, S. Stepanyan, H. Mkrtchyan, W. Seo, T. Reichelt, S. Taylor, H. Fenker, Hartmuth Arenhövel, A.R. Baldwin, A. Lung, Chen Yan, and E. Crouse
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Recoil, Hadron, Magnetic form factor, Electric form factor, Form factor (quantum field theory), Neutron
Abstract: The ratio of the electric to the magnetic form factor of the neutron, $g \equiv G_{En}/G_{Mn}$, was measured via recoil polarimetry (R.G. Arnold, C.E. Carlson, F. Gross, Phys. Rev. C 23, 363 (1981)) from the quasielastic 2H$(\mathop{e}\limits^{\scriptstyle\to},e' \mathop{n}\limits^{\scriptstyle\to} )$1H reaction at three values of Q2 (viz, 0.45, 1.15, and 1.47 (GeV/c)2) in Hall C of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The data reveal that GEn continues to follow the Galster parameterization up to Q2 = 1.15 (GeV/c)2 and rises above the Galster parameterization at Q2 = 1.47 (GeV/c)2.
Published: 2003

9. Nutritional Modulation of Aging

Author: B.D. Anderson and R.M. Anderson
Subjects: Disease vulnerability, Gerontology, Human studies, media_common.quotation_subject, medicine, Longevity, medicine.symptom, Biology, Systemic inflammation, Nutritional modulation, Nonhuman primate, Calorie intake, media_common
Abstract: Aging and nutrition are major factors influencing disease vulnerability. This article focuses on the links between longevity and calorie intake. We discuss the role of adipose tissues in regulating metabolism and systemic inflammation and describe some of the factors that may be important in protecting against disease vulnerability. Current perspectives on nonhuman primate and human studies are presented. We conclude with emerging themes and possible future direction of research into the nutritional modulation of aging.
Published: 2014

10. Influence of a Transmembrane Protein on the Permeability of Small Molecules Across Lipid Membranes

Author: T.-X. Xiang and B.D. Anderson
Subjects: Octanol, Circular dichroism, Physiology, Lipid Bilayers, Static Electricity, Biophysics, Phosphatidic Acids, Permeability, chemistry.chemical_compound, Organic chemistry, Hydrogen bond, Circular Dichroism, Hippurates, Vesicle, Bilayer, Gramicidin, Membrane Proteins, Biological Transport, Hydrogen Bonding, Cell Biology, Solvent, Kinetics, Membrane, chemistry, Permeability (electromagnetism), Liposomes, Phosphatidylcholines, Solvents
Abstract: The influence of the nonchannel conformation of the transmembrane protein gramicidin A on the permeability coefficients of neutral and ionized alpha-X-p-methyl-hippuric acid analogues (XMHA) (X = H, OCH(3), CN, OH, COOH, and CONH(2)) across egg-lecithin membranes has been investigated in vesicle efflux experiments. Although 10 mol% gramicidin A increases lipid chain ordering, it enhances the transport of neutral XMHA analogues up to 8-fold, with more hydrophilic permeants exhibiting the greatest increase. Substituent contributions to the free energies of transfer of both neutral and anionic XMHA analogues from water into the bilayer barrier domain were calculated. Linear free-energy relationships were established between these values and those for solute partitioning from water into decadiene, chlorobutane, butyl ether, and octanol to assess barrier hydrophobicity. The barrier domain is similar for both neutral and ionized permeants and substantially more hydrophobic than octanol, thus establishing its location as being beyond the hydrated headgroup region and eliminating transient water pores as the transport pathway for these permeants, as the hydrated interface or water pores would be expected to be more hydrophilic than octanol. The addition of 10 mol% gramicidin A alters the barrier domain from a decadiene-like solvent to one possessing a greater hydrogen-bond accepting capacity. The permeability coefficients for ionized XMHAs increase with Na(+) or K(+) concentration, exhibiting saturability at high ion concentrations. This behavior can be quantitatively rationalized by Gouy-Chapman theory, though ion-pairing cannot be conclusively ruled out. The finding that transmembrane proteins alter barrier selectivity, favoring polar permeant transport, constitutes an important step toward understanding permeability in biomembranes.
Published: 2000

11. Molecular dissolution processes in lipid bilayers: A molecular dynamics simulation

Author: B.D. Anderson and Tian-Xiang Xiang
Subjects: Physics::Biological Physics, Chemistry, Stereochemistry, Bilayer, General Physics and Astronomy, Lipid bilayer mechanics, Excess chemical potential, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Quantitative Biology::Subcellular Processes, Molecular dynamics, Membrane, Chemical physics, Lipid bilayer phase behavior, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Lipid bilayer, Dissolution
Abstract: A thorough understanding of the effects of chain ordering on solute partitioning and transport across biomembranes requires a detailed account of various dissolution processes in lipid bilayers. In this study, the dissolution properties and related molecular processes for noble gases in the alkyl chain region of lipid bilayers were obtained by means of molecular dynamics simulation. The excess chemical potential exhibits a plateau value in the ordered peripheral region followed by a steep decline near the center of the bilayer. The strong entropic effects as manifested by the larger Barclay–Butler constants than commonly encountered in hydrocarbon solvents indicate that solute partitioning into membranes is driven primarily by changes of lipid chain conformation or/and an extra confinement of solute in the bilayer interior. Solute partitioning into lipid bilayers is analyzed in terms of two contributions: (1) the free energy for cavity creation to accommodate a solute, which is analyzed by scaled particle...
Published: 1999

12. The Barrier Domain for Solute Permeation Varies With Lipid Bilayer Phase Structure

Author: Y.-H. Xu, B.D. Anderson, and T.-X. Xiang
Subjects: Octanol, Phase transition, 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, Physiology, Lipid Bilayers, Intercalation (chemistry), Biophysics, Ultrafiltration, Hexadecane, Permeability, chemistry.chemical_compound, Organic chemistry, Lipid bilayer phase behavior, Lipid bilayer, Chemistry, Bilayer, Vesicle, Phospholipid Ethers, Cell Biology, Solutions, Kinetics, Crystallography, Cholesterol, Chromatography, Gel, Phosphatidylcholines, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins)
Abstract: The chemical selectivities of the transport barriers in lipid bilayers varying in composition and phase structure (gel-phase DPPC and DHPC bilayers and liquid-crystalline DPPC/CHOL/50:50 mol% bilayers) have been investigated by determining functional group contributions to transport of a series of alpha-substituted p-toluic acid analogs obtained in vesicle efflux experiments. Linear free energy relationships are established between the free energies of transfer for this series of compounds from water to the barrier domain and corresponding values for their transfer from water into six model bulk solvents (hexadecane, hexadecene, decadiene, chlorobutane, butyl ether, and octanol) determined in partitioning experiments to compare the barrier microenvironment to that in these model solvents. The barrier microenvironment in all bilayers studied is substantially more hydrophobic than octanol, thus establishing the location of the barrier beyond the hydrated headgroup interfacial region, as the interface is expected to be more hydrophilic than octanol. The chemical nature of the barrier domain microenvironment varies with bilayer phase structure. The barrier regions in non-interdigitated DPPC and interdigitated DHPC gel-phase bilayers exhibit some degree of hydrogen-bond acceptor capacity as may occur if these domains lie in the vicinity of the ester/ether linkages between the headgroups and the acyl chains. Intercalation of 50 mol% cholesterol into DPPC bilayers, which induces a phase transition to a liquid-crystalline phase, substantially increases the apparent barrier domain hydrophobicity relative to gel-phase bilayers to a nonhydrogen bonding, hydrocarbonlike environment resembling hexadecene. This result, combined with similar observations in liquid-crystalline egg-PC bilayers (J. Pharm. Sci. (1994), 83:1511-1518), supports the notion that the transition from the gel-phase to liquid-crystalline phase shifts the barrier domain further into the bilayer interior (i.e., deeper within the ordered chain region).
Published: 1998

13. Measurement of the neutron spin structure function g and asymmetry A

Author: K. Abe, T. Akagi, B.D. Anderson, P.L. Anthony, R.G. Arnold, T. Averett, H.R. Band, C.M. Berisso, P. Bogorad, H. Borel, P.E. Bosted, V. Breton, M.J. Buenerd, G.D. Cates, T.E. Chupp, S. Churchwell, K.P. Coulter, M. Daoudi, P. Decowski, R. Erickson, J.N. Fellbaum, H. Fonvieille, R. Gearhart, V. Ghazikhanian, K.A. Griffioen, R.S. Hicks, R. Holmes, E.W. Hughes, G. Igo, S. Incerti, J.R. Johnson, W. Kahl, M. Khayat, Yu.G. Kolomensky, S.E. Kuhn, K. Kumar, M. Kuriki, R. Lombard-Nelsen, D.M. Manley, J. Marroncle, T. Maruyama, T. Marvin, W. Meyer, Z.-E. Meziani, D. Miller, G. Mitchell, M. Olson, G.A. Peterson, G.G. Petratos, R. Pitthan, R. Prepost, P. Raines, B.A. Raue, D. Reyna, L.S. Rochester, S.E. Rock, M.V. Romalis, F. Sabatie, G. Shapiro, J. Shaw, T.B. Smith, L. Sorrell, P.A. Souder, F. Staley, S.St. Lorant, L.M. Stuart, F. Suckane, Z.M. Szalata, Y. Terrien, A.K. Thompson, T. Toole, X. Wang, J.W. Watson, R.C. Welsh, F.R. Wesselmann, T. Wright, C.C. Young, B. Youngman, H. Yuta, W.-M. Zhang, and P. Zyla
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, media_common.quotation_subject, Structure function, Electron, Function (mathematics), Spin structure, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Asymmetry, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Matrix element, 010306 general physics, media_common
Abstract: We have measured the neutron structure function g$_{2}^{n}$ and the virtual photon-nucleon asymmetry A$_{2}^{n}$ over the kinematic range $0.014\leq x \leq 0.7$ and $1.0 \leq Q^{2} \leq 17.0$ by scattering 48.3 GeV longitudinally polarized electrons from polarized $^{3}$He. Results for A$_{2}^{n}$ are significantly smaller than the $\sqrt{R}$ positivity limit over most of the measured range and data for g$_2^{n}$ are generally consistent with the twist-2 Wandzura-Wilczek prediction. Using our measured g$_{2}^{n}$ we obtain results for the twist-3 reduced matrix element $d_{2}^{n}$, and the integral $\int$g$_{2}^{n}(x)dx$ in the range $0.014\leq x \leq 1.0$. Data from this experiment are combined with existing data for g$_{2}^{n}$ to obtain an average for $d_{2}^{n}$ and the integral $\int$g$_{2}^{n}(x)dx$.
Published: 1997

14. Mean molecular potentials in a model lipid bilayer: A molecular dynamics simulation

Author: Tian-Xiang Xiang and B.D. Anderson
Subjects: Chemistry, Bilayer, Intermolecular force, General Physics and Astronomy, Bond length, Molecular dynamics, symbols.namesake, Mean field theory, Computational chemistry, Chemical physics, symbols, Molecule, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, van der Waals force, Lipid bilayer
Abstract: Various mean‐field potentials in a model lipid bilayer are calculated by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The bilayer assembly consists of 200 chain molecules. The anisotropic united atom model is employed for nonbonded interactions and is extended to allow bond length to vary with time. The interfacial translational order is systematically varied and found to correlate strongly with the chain orientational order. A new torsional potential is developed and shown to give order parameters in better agreement with experiment than the Padilla–Toxvaerd potential. Nonbonded interaction reduces the trans–gauche and gauche–gauche transition barriers by 0.9—1.5 kcal/mole. The mean trans–gauche energy difference near the chain tail is close to that in liquid hydrocarbons but 0.34 kcal/mol lower than that in the highly ordered chain region. In contrast to the Marcelja model, both mean intermolecular dispersive and repulsive energies depend exponentially on the chain orientational parameter and the repuls...
Published: 1995

15. Nuclear structure studies with (p, n) reactions at intermediate energies

Author: B.D. Anderson
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Polarization observables, Nuclear structure, Nuclear astrophysics, Nuclear drip line, Impulse (physics), Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Wave function, Instrumentation
Abstract: The (p, n) reaction at intermediate energies is predominantly impulsive and single-step. The distorted-wave impulse approximation (DWIA) with realistic, large-basis shell-model wavefunctions is able to describe strong transitions accurately, including polarization observables. The 48 Ca(p, n) 48 Sc reaction is discussed as an example including different kinds of one-particle one-hole (1p1h) excitations. Because the (p, n) reaction proceeds by a simple mechanism which can generally be described theoretically, it provides an important tool for studying nuclear structure. Applications of such studies include double beta-decay studies, nuclear astrophysics, and specific issues in nuclear physics.
Published: 1995

16. The STAR experiment at the relativistic heavy ion collider

Author: J.W. Harris, D.L. Adams, N. Added, S. Ahmad, S.A. Akimenko, B.D. Anderson, G.T. Anderson, R.M. Anjos, A. Aprahamian, Yu.I. Arestov, E. Atkin, A. Baldwin, V. Baublis, M.E. Beddo, N.I. Belikov, R. Bellwied, V.I. Belousov, S. Bennett, J. Bercovitz, I. Bertram, J. Bielecki, F. Bieser, N.N. Biswas, M.A. Bloomer, B.E. Bonner, P.P. Brady, W.J. Braithwaite, L. Braun, J.A. Buchanan, N. Carlin, J.B. Carroll, D.A. Cebra, A.D. Chacon, C.S. Chan, K-S. Chan, S.I. Chase, M.G. Cherney, R.K. Choudhury, W. Christie, B.V. Chujko, J.M. Clement, M.D. Corcoran, T.M. Cormier, J.G. Cramer, H.J. Crawford, A.M. Davidenko, J.W. Dawson, R. Debbe, A.A. Derevschikov, P.A. De Young, W. Dominik, L. Dou, J.E. Drape, I. Duck, W.R. Edwards, S.E. Eiseman, J.M. Engelage, S.V. Erin, A. Etkin, D. Ferenc, I. Flores, K.J. Foley, Z. Fraenkel, A. French, E. Friedlander, D. Fritz, U. Garg, M. Gazdzicki, V. Ghazikhanian, G. Glass, W. Gong, O.A. Grachov, J. Grebiezkow, D. Greiner, L.C. Greiner, E. Grimson, D.P. Grosnick, V. Grushin, V.J. Guarino, W.N. Haberichter, R.W. Hackenburg, J. Hall, T.J. Hallman, W.E. Hearn, D.A. Hill, N. Hill, A.S. Hirsch, E. Hjort, G.W. Hoffmann, H. Huang, T.J. Humanic, G.J. Igo, P.M. Jacobs, R. Jayanti, P.G. Jones, E. Judd, M.L. Justice, K. Kadija, M. Kaplan, P.J. Karol, T. Kasprzyk, D. Keane, V.P. Kenney, A. Khodinov, S.A. Kleinfelder, A.S. Konstantinov, D. Kostin, I. Kotov, V. Kozlov, M.A. Kramer, V. Kuryatkov, R.L. LaPierre, B. Lasiuk, A. Lebedev, M.J. Le Vine, Q. Li, S.J. Lindenbaum, V. Lindenstruth, P.J. Lindstrom, A. Ljubicic, W.J. Llope, R.S. Longacre, D.X. Lopiano, W.A. Love, L. Madansky, S. Margetis, J. Marx, H.S. Matis, Yu.A. Matulenko, C.P. McParland, T.S. McShane, A.P. Meschanin, Z. Milosevich, N. Miphtakhov, K. Mirk, J. Mitchell, J.L. Mitchell, C.F. Moore, S. Mordechai, R. Morse, J. Murgatroyd, G.S. Mutchler, A.I. Mysnick, J. Nasiatka, C.J. Naudet, A. Nazarov, V. Nevolin, T.L. Noggle, S. Novikov, S.B. Nurushev, G. Odyniec, C. Ogilvie, D.L. Olson, A. Oltchak, E. Onishenko, E. Paganis, G. Paic, A.I. Pavlinov, T. Pawlak, W. Peryt, E. Petereit, E.D. Platner, J. Pluta, A.Yu. Polyarush, N.T. Porile, A.M. Poskanzer, D. Prindle, T. Prokofyeva, C. Pruneau, G. Rai, J. Rasson, R.L. Ray, D. Read, R.E. Renfordt, P.J. Riley, H-G. Ritter, J.B. Roberts, D. Roehrich, G. Roger, A.A. Rollefson, J.L. Romero, A.I. Ronzhin, V.L. Rykov, I. Sakrejda, A.C. Saulys, J.J. Schambach, R.P. Scharenberg, L.S. Schroeder, J.E. Seger, V.A. Sergeev, D. Seymour, A. Shalnov, Y.P. Shao, J. Sheen, K.E. Shestermanov, D. Shuman, A. Simakov, L.F. Soloviev, H.M. Spinka, B.K. Srivastava, R. Stock, R. Stone, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, H. Stroebele, A.T. Sustich, T.J.M. Symons, E.M. Szanto, A.Szanto de Toledo, Yu. Sytsko, J.-L. Tang, S. Tarakanov, M.L. Tincknell, M. Toy, T.A. Trainor, S. Trentalange, O.D. Tsay, I. Tserruya, A.G. Ufimtsev, D.G. Underwood, A. Vander Molen, A. Vanyashin, A.N. Vasiliev, G. Vilkelis, Yu. Volkov, S. Voloshin, D. Vranic, H.J. Ward, J.W. Watson, R.C. Welsh, S. Wenig, G. Westfall, J. Whitfield, C.A. Whitten, H. Wieman, K. Wilson, D.C. Wold, K.L. Wolf, P. Yepes, A. Yokosawa, W. Zhang, K.H. Zhao, X.-Z. Zhu, Y. Zhu, and V.E. Zyrin
Subjects: Quark, Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Strange matter, Particle physics, Pair production, Relativistic plasma, Quark–gluon plasma, Elementary particle, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, Gluon
Published: 1994

17. Transport methods for probing the barrier domain of lipid bilayer membranes

Author: Chen Xinhua, Tian-Xiang Xiang, and B.D. Anderson
Subjects: Membrane permeability, Chemistry, Bilayer, Lipid Bilayers, Biophysics, Analytical chemistry, Phospholipid, Lipid bilayer mechanics, Decane, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Biophysical Phenomena, Permeability, chemistry.chemical_compound, Membrane, Models, Chemical, Acetamides, Alkanes, Electrochemistry, Phosphatidylcholines, Thermodynamics, Organic chemistry, Lipid bilayer phase behavior, Lipid bilayer, Research Article
Abstract: Two experimental techniques have been utilized to explore the barrier properties of lecithin/decane bilayer membranes with the aim of determining the contributions of various domains within the bilayer to the overall barrier. The thickness of lecithin/decane bilayers was systematically varied by modulating the chemical potential of decane in the annulus surrounding the bilayer using different mole fractions of squalene in decane. The dependence of permeability of a model permeant (acetamide) on the thickness of the solvent-filled region of the bilayer was assessed in these bilayers to determine the contribution of this region to the overall barrier. The flux of acetamide was found to vary linearly with bilayer area with Pm = (2.9 +/- 0.3) x 10(-4) cm s-1, after correcting for diffusion through unstirred water layers. The ratio between the overall membrane permeability coefficient and that calculated for diffusion through the hydrocarbon core in membranes having maximum thickness was 0.24, suggesting that the solvent domain contributes only slightly to the overall barrier properties. Consistent with these results, the permeability of acetamide was found to be independent of bilayer thickness. The relative contributions of the bilayer interface and ordered hydrocarbon regions to the transport barrier may be evaluated qualitatively by exploring the effective chemical nature of the barrier microenvironment. This may be probed by comparing functional group contributions to transport with those obtained for partitioning between water and various model bulk solvents ranging in polarity or hydrogen-bonding potential. A novel approach is described for obtaining group contributions to transport using ionizable permeants and pH adjustment. Using this approach, bilayer permeability coefficients of p-toluic acid and p-hydroxymethyl benzoic acid were determined to be 1.1 +/- 0.2 cm s-1 and (1.6 +/- 0.4) x 10(-3) cm s-1, respectively. From these values, the -OH group contribution to bilayer transport [delta(delta G0-OH)] was found to be 3.9 kcal/mol. This result suggests that the barrier region of the bilayer does not resemble the hydrogen-bonding environment found in octanol, but is somewhat less selective (more polar) than a hydrocarbon solvent.
Published: 1992

18. Rapidity and species dependence of particle production at largetransverse momentum for d+Au collisions at psNN = 200 GeV

Author: B.I. Abelev, J. Adams, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, J. Amonett, B.D. Anderson, M. Anderson, D. Arkhipkin, G.S. Averichev, Y. Bai, J. Balewski, O. Barannikova, L.S. Barnby, J. Baudot, S. Bekele, V.V. Belaga, A. Bellingeri-Laurikainen, R. Bellwied, F. Benedosso, S. Bhardwaj, A. Bhasin, A.K. Bhati, H. Bichsel, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, L.C. Bland, S.-L. Blyth, B.E. Bonner, M. Botje, J. Bouchet, A.V. Brandin, A. Bravar, M. Bystersky, R.V. Cadman, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderon de la Barca Sanchez, J. Castillo, O. Catu, D. Cebra, Z. Chajecki, P. Chaloupka, S. Chattopadhyay, H.F. Chen, J.H. Chen, J. Cheng, M. Cherney, A. Chikanian, W. Christie, J.P. Coffin, T.M. Cormier, M.R. Cosentino, J.G. Cramer, H.J. Crawford, D. Das, S. Das, M. Daugherity, M.M. de Moura, T.G. Dedovich, M. DePhillips, A.A. Derevschikov, L. Didenko, T. Dietel, P. Djawotho, S.M. Dogra, W.J. Dong, X. Dong, J.E. Draper, F. Du, V.B. Dunin, J.C. Dunlop, M.R. Dutta Mazumdar, V. Eckardt, W.R. Edwards, L.G. Efimov, V. Emelianov, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, B. Erazmus, M. Estienne, P. Fachini, R. Fatemi, J. Fedorisin, K. Filimonov, P. Filip, E. Finch, V. Fine, Y. Fisyak, J. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, L. Gaillard, M.S. Ganti, V. Ghazikhanian, P. Ghosh, J.S. Gonzalez, Y.G. Gorbunov, H. Gos, O. Grebenyuk, D. Grosnick, S.M. Guertin, K.S.F.F. Guimaraes, Y. Guo, N. Gupta, T.D. Gutierrez, B. Haag, T.J. Hallman, A. Hamed, J.W. Harris, W. He, M. Heinz, T.W. Henry, S. Hepplemann, B. Hippolyte, A. Hirsch, E. Hjort, A.M. Hoffman, G.W. Hoffmann, M.J. Horner, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, E.W. Hughes, T.J. Humanic, G. Igo, P. Jacobs, W.W. Jacobs, P. Jakl, F. Jia, H. Jiang, P.G. Jones, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, K. Kang, J. Kapitan, M. Kaplan, D. Keane, A. Kechechyan, V.Yu. Khodyrev, B.C. Kim, J. Kiryluk, A. Kisiel, E.M. Kislov, S.R. Klein, A. Kocoloski, D.D. Koetke, and null et al.
Published: 2006

19. Enhancement of the isovectorM1strength in28Si due to meson exchange currents

Author: Achim Richter, Y. Fujita, B.D. Anderson, and P. von Neumann-Cosel
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Isovector, Meson, Branching fraction, Gyromagnetic ratio, SHELL model, Isotopes of silicon
Abstract: Meson exchange currents (MEC{close_quote}s) can induce an enhancement of the B(M1) strength in nuclei over the corresponding Gamow-Teller strength. Such an increase was observed in {sup 28}Si [C. L{umlt u}ttge {ital et al.}, Phys. Rev. C {bold 53}, 127 (1996)], but the experimental ratio was much larger than shell model predictions using the unified sd-shell interaction and corrections to the g factors which incorporate MEC effects. It is pointed out that, when taking the Gamow-Teller strength from a reanalysis of the {sup 28}Si(p,n) data as well as from a recent {sup 28}Si({sup 3}He,t) experiment, the derived ratio is now in good agreement with the shell model results. This finding provides strong support that the observed enhancement is due to meson exchange currents. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Published: 1997

20. Experimental and theoretical challenges in the search for the quark gluon plasma : The STAR collaboration's critical assessment of the evidence from RHIC collisions

Author: J. Adams, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, J. Amonett, B.D. Anderson, D. Arkhipkin, G.S. Averichev, S.K. Badyal, Y. Bai, J. Balewski, O. Barannikova, L.S. Barnby, J. Baudot, S. Bekele, V.V. Belaga, A. Bellingeri-Laurikainen, R. Bellwied, J. Berger, B.I. Bezverkhny, S. Bharadwaj, A. Bhasin, A.K. Bhati, V.S. Bhatia, H. Bichsel, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, A. Billmeier, L.C. Bland, C.O. Blyth, B.E. Bonner, M. Botje, A. Boucham, J. Bouchet, A.V. Brandin, A. Bravar, M. Bystersky, R.V. Cadman, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, J. Castillo, O. Catu, D. Cebra, Z. Chajecki, P. Chaloupka, S. Chattopadhyay, H.F. Chen, Y. Chen, J. Cheng, M. Cherney, A. Chikanian, W. Christie, J.P. Coffin, T.M. Cormier, J.G. Cramer, H.J. Crawford, D. Das, S. Das, M.M. de Moura, T.G. Dedovich, A.A. Derevschikov, L. Didenko, T. Dietel, S.M. Dogra, W.J. Dong, X. Dong, J.E. Draper, F. Du, A.K. Dubey, V.B. Dunin, J.C. Dunlop, M.R. Dutta Mazumdar, V. Eckardt, W.R. Edwards, L.G. Efimov, V. Emelianov, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, B. Erazmus, M. Estienne, P. Fachini, J. Faivre, R. Fatemi, J. Fedorisin, K. Filimonov, P. Filip, E. Finch, V. Fine, Y. Fisyak, J. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, L. Gaillard, J. Gans, M.S. Ganti, F. Geurts, V. Ghazikhanian, P. Ghosh, J.E. Gonzalez, H. Gos, O. Grachov, O. Grebenyuk, D. Grosnick, S.M. Guertin, Y. Guo, A. Gupta, T.D. Gutierrez, T.J. Hallman, A. Hamed, D. Hardtke, J.W. Harris, M. Heinz, T.W. Henry, S. Hepplemann, B. Hippolyte, A. Hirsch, E. Hjort, G.W. Hoffmann, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, E.W. Hughes, T.J. Humanic, G. Igo, A. Ishihara, P. Jacobs, W.W. Jacobs, M. Jedynak, H. Jiang, P.G. Jones, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, K. Kang, M. Kaplan, D. Keane, A. Kechechyan, V.Yu. Khodyrev, J. Kiryluk, A. Kisiel, E.M. Kislov, J. Klay, S.R. Klein, D.D. Koetke, T. Kollegger, M. Kopytine, L. Kotchenda, M. Kramer, P. Kravtsov, V.I. Kravtsov, K. Krueger, C. Kuhn, A.I. Kulikov, A. Kumar, R.Kh. Kutuev, A.A. Kuznetsov, M.A.C. Lamont, J.M. Landgraf, S. Lange, F. Laue, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, R. Lednicky, S. Lehocka, M.J. LeVine, C. Li, Q. Li, Y. Li, G. Lin, S.J. Lindenbaum, M.A. Lisa, F. Liu, H. Liu, L. Liu, Q.J. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W.J. Llope, H. Long, R.S. Longacre, M. Lopez-Noriega, W.A. Love, Y. Lu, T. Ludlam, D. Lynn, G.L. Ma, J.G. Ma, Y.G. Ma, D. Magestro, S. Mahajan, D.P. Mahapatra, R. Majka, L.K. Mangotra, R. Manweiler, S. Margetis, C. Markert, L. Martin, J.N. Marx, H.S. Matis, Yu.A. Matulenko, C.J. McClain, T.S. McShane, F. Meissner, Yu. Melnick, A. Meschanin, M.L. Miller, N.G. Minaev, C. Mironov, A. Mischke, D.K. Mishra, J. Mitchell, B. Mohanty, L. Molnar, C.F. Moore, D.A. Morozov, M.G. Munhoz, B.K. Nandi, S.K. Nayak, T.K. Nayak, J.M. Nelson, P.K. Netrakanti, V.A. Nikitin, L.V. Nogach, S.B. Nurushev, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, V. Okorokov, M. Oldenburg, D. Olson, S.K. Pal, Y. Panebratsev, S.Y. Panitkin, A.I. Pavlinov, T. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, V. Perevoztchikov, C. Perkins, W. Peryt, V.A. Petrov, S.C. Phatak, R. Picha, M. Planinic, J. Pluta, N. Porile, J. Porter, A.M. Poskanzer, M. Potekhin, E. Potrebenikova, B.V.K.S. Potukuchi, D. Prindle, C. Pruneau, J. Putschke, G. Rakness, R. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, O. Ravel, R.L. Ray, S.V. Razin, D. Reichhold, J.G. Reid, J. Reinnarth, G. Renault, F. Retiere, A. Ridiger, H.G. Ritter, J.B. Roberts, O.V. Rogachevskiy, J.L. Romero, A. Rose, C. Roy, L. Ruan, M. Russcher, R. Sahoo, I. Sakrejda, S. Salur, J. Sandweiss, M. Sarsour, I. Savin, P.S. Sazhin, J. Schambach, R.P. Scharenberg, N. Schmitz, J. Seger, P. Seyboth, E. Shahaliev, M. Shao, W. Shao, M. Sharma, W.Q. Shen, K.E. Shestermanov, S.S. Shimanskiy, E. Sichtermann, F. Simon, R.N. Singaraju, N. Smirnov, R. Snellings, G. Sood, P. Sorensen, J. Sowinski, J. Speltz, H.M. Spinka, B. Srivastava, A. Stadnik, T.D.S. Stanislaus, R. Stock, A. Stolpovsky, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, A.A.P. Suaide, E. Sugarbaker, C. Suire, M. Sumbera, B. Surrow, M. Swanger, T.J.M. Symons, A. Szanto de Toledo, A. Tai, J. Takahashi, A.H. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, D. Thein, J.H. Thomas, S. Timoshenko, M. Tokarev, S. Trentalange, R.E. Tribble, O.D. Tsai, J. Ulery, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, G. Van Buren, M. van Leeuwen, A.M. Vander Molen, R. Varma, I.M. Vasilevski, A.N. Vasiliev, R. Vernet, S.E. Vigdor, Y.P. Viyogi, S. Vokal, S.A. Voloshin, W.T. Waggoner, F. Wang, G. Wang, X.L. Wang, Y. Wang, Z.M. Wang, H. Ward, J.W. Watson, J.C. Webb, G.D. Westfall, A. Wetzler, C. Whitten, H. Wieman, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wood, J. Wu, N. Xu, Z. Xu, Z.Z. Xu, E. Yamamoto, P. Yepes, V.I. Yurevich, I. Zborovsky, H. Zhang, W.M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.P. Zhang, R. Zoulkarneev, Y. Zoulkarneeva, A.N. Zubarev, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), STAR, and Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Elliptic flow, Lattice field theory, 25.75.-q, Strangeness production, FOS: Physical sciences, Lattice QCD, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Strange matter, 0103 physical sciences, Quark–gluon plasma, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Jet quenching, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We review the most important experimental results from the first three years of nucleus-nucleus collision studies at RHIC, with emphasis on results from the STAR experiment, and we assess their interpretation and comparison to theory. The theory-experiment comparison suggests that central Au+Au collisions at RHIC produce dense, rapidly thermalizing matter characterized by: (1) initial energy densities above the critical values predicted by lattice QCD for establishment of a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP); (2) nearly ideal fluid flow, marked by constituent interactions of very short mean free path, established most probably at a stage preceding hadron formation; and (3) opacity to jets. Many of the observations are consistent with models incorporating QGP formation in the early collision stages, and have not found ready explanation in a hadronic framework. However, the measurements themselves do not yet establish unequivocal evidence for a transition to this new form of matter. The theoretical treatment of the collision evolution, despite impressive successes, invokes a suite of distinct models, degrees of freedom and assumptions of as yet unknown quantitative consequence. We pose a set of important open questions, and suggest additional measurements, at least some of which should be addressed in order to establish a compelling basis to conclude definitively that thermalized, deconfined quark-gluon matter has been produced at RHIC., Comment: 101 pages, 37 figures; revised version to Nucl. Phys. A
Published: 2005

21. A quantitative model for the dependence of solute permeability on peptide and cholesterol content in biomembranes

Author: T.-X. Xiang, Chen Jiadong, and B.D. Anderson
Subjects: Light, Physiology, Biophysics, Molecular Conformation, Peptide, Models, Biological, Permeability, Membrane Lipids, Membrane fluidity, Scattering, Radiation, chemistry.chemical_classification, Chromatography, Vesicle, Hippurates, Gramicidin, Membrane Proteins, Cell Biology, Permeation, Hildebrand solubility parameter, Kinetics, Membrane, Cholesterol, chemistry, Volume fraction, Liposomes, Phosphatidylcholines, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Fluorescence anisotropy
Abstract: The influence of varying concentrations of a transmembrane peptide, gramicidin A (gA), and cholesterol (Chol) on the passive permeation of p-methylhippuric acid (MHA) and alpha-carbamoyl-p-methylhippuric acid (CMHA) across egg-lecithin membranes (EPC) has been investigated in vesicle efflux experiments. Incorporation of 0.25 volume fraction of gA in its nonchannel conformation increased the permeability coefficient (Pm) for CMHA by a factor of 6.0 +/- 1.8 but did not alter Pm for MHA, a more lipophilic permeant. In contrast, incorporation of 0.26 volume fraction Chol with no added protein decreased the Pm values for both CMHA and MHA by similar factors of 4.2 +/- 1.1 and 3.5 +/- 1.2, respectively. A quantitative structure-transport model has been developed to account for the dependence of Pm on the membrane concentrations of gA and Chol in terms of induced changes in both membrane chain ordering and hydrophobicity. Chain ordering is assumed to affect Pm for both permeants similarly since they are comparable in molecular size, while changes in Pm ratios in the presence of gA or Chol are attributed to alterations in membrane hydrophobicity. Changes in lipid chain ordering were detected by monitoring membrane fluidity using fluorescence anisotropy of 1-[4-(trimethylamino)phenyl]-6-phenylhexa-1,3,5-triene incorporated into the membranes. The influence of additives on membrane hydrophobicity, which governs Pm ratios through effects on solute partitioning into the barrier domain, were rationalized within the framework of regular solution theory using solubility parameters as a measure of membrane hydrophobicity. Fits of the Pm ratios using the theoretical model yielded solubility parameters for gA and Chol in EPC membranes of 13.2 and 7.7 (cal/ml)(1/2), respectively, suggesting that gA decreases the barrier domain hydrophobicity while Chol has a minimal effect on barrier hydrophobicity. After correcting for barrier domain hydrophobicity, permeability decrements due to membrane ordering induced by gA or Chol were found to exhibit a strong correlation with membrane order as predicted by free-surface-area theory, regardless of whether gA or Chol is used as the ordering agent.
Published: 2000

22. Permeability of acetic acid across gel and liquid-crystalline lipid bilayers conforms to free-surface-area theory

Author: Tian-Xiang Xiang and B.D. Anderson
Subjects: Phase transition, 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, Surface Properties, Lipid Bilayers, Analytical chemistry, Phospholipid, Biophysics, Molecular Conformation, Permeability, Diffusion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Lipid bilayer phase behavior, Lipid bilayer, Vesicle, Bilayer, Lipid bilayer mechanics, Models, Theoretical, Crystallography, Cholesterol, chemistry, Solubility, Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, Phosphatidylcholines, Thermodynamics, Crystallization, Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, Research Article
Abstract: Solubility-diffusion theory, which treats the lipid bilayer membrane as a bulk lipid solvent into which permeants must partition and diffuse across, fails to account for the effects of lipid bilayer chain order on the permeability coefficient of any given permeant. This study addresses the scaling factor that must be applied to predictions from solubility-diffusion theory to correct for chain ordering. The effects of bilayer chemical composition, temperature, and phase structure on the permeability coefficient (Pm) of acetic acid were investigated in large unilamellar vesicles by a combined method of NMR line broadening and dynamic light scattering. Permeability values were obtained in distearoylphosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dilauroylphosphatidylcholine bilayers, and their mixtures with cholesterol, at various temperatures both above and below the gel-->liquid-crystalline phase transition temperatures (Tm). A new scaling factor, the permeability decrement f, is introduced to account for the decrease in permeability coefficient from that predicted by solubility-diffusion theory owing to chain ordering in lipid bilayers. Values of f were obtained by division of the observed Pm by the permeability coefficient predicted from a bulk solubility-diffusion model. In liquid-crystalline phases, a strong correlation (r = 0.94) between f and the normalized surface density sigma was obtained: in f = 5.3 - 10.6 sigma. Activation energies (Ea) for the permeability of acetic acid decreased with decreasing phospholipid chain length and correlated with the sensitivity of chain ordering to temperature, [symbol: see text] sigma/[symbol: see text](1/T), as chain length was varied. Pm values decreased abruptly at temperatures below the main phase transition temperatures in pure dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers (30–60-fold) and below the pretransition in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers (8-fold), and the linear relationship between in f and sigma established for liquid-crystalline bilayers was no longer followed. However, in both gel and liquid-crystalline phases in f was found to exhibit an inverse correlation with free surface area (in f = -0.31 - 29.1/af, where af is the average free area (in square angstroms) per lipid molecule). Thus, the lipid bilayer permeability of acetic acid can be predicted from the relevant chain-packing properties in the bilayer (free surface area), regardless of whether chain ordering is varied by changes in temperature, lipid chain length, cholesterol concentration, or bilayer phase structure, provided that temperature effects on permeant dehydration and diffusion and the chain-length effects on bilayer barrier thickness are properly taken into account.
Published: 1997

23. Phospholipid surface density determines the partitioning and permeability of acetic acid in DMPC:cholesterol bilayers

Author: T.-X. Xiang and B.D. Anderson
Subjects: Chromatography, Cell Membrane Permeability, Physiology, Chemistry, Surface Properties, Bilayer, Enthalpy, Lipid Bilayers, Biophysics, Analytical chemistry, Phospholipid, Temperature, Cell Biology, Activation energy, Decane, Acetates, Mole fraction, Partition coefficient, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cholesterol, Lipid bilayer, Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, Mathematics, Phospholipids, Acetic Acid
Abstract: Relationships between the permeability coefficient (PHA) and partition coefficient (K m/w) of acetic acid and the surface density of DMPC:cholesterol bilayers have been investigated. Permeability coefficients were measured in large unilamellar vesicles by NMR line broadening. Bilayer surface density, sigma, was varied over a range of 0.5-0.9 by changing cholesterol concentration and temperature. The temperature dependence of PHA for acetic acid exhibits Arrhenius behavior with an average apparent activation energy (Ea) of 22 +/- 3 kcal/mole over a cholesterol mole fraction range of 0.00-0.40. This value is much greater than the enthalpy change for acetic acid partitioning between bulk decane and water (delta H degree = 4.8 +/- 0.8 kcal/mole) and the calculated Ea (= 8.0 kcal/mole) assuming a "bulk phase" permeability model which includes the enthalpy of transfer from water to decane and the temperature dependence of acetic acid's diffusion coefficient in decane. These results suggest that dehydration, previously considered to be a dominant component, is a minor factor in determining Ea. Values of 1n PHA decrease linearly with the normalized phospholipid surface density with a slope of kappa = -12.4 +/- 1.1 (r = 0.90). Correction of PHA for those temperature effects considered to be independent of lipid chain order (i.e., enthalpy of transfer from water to decane and activation energy for diffusion in bulk hydrocarbon) yielded an improved correlation (kappa = -11.7 +/- 0.5 (r = 0.96)). The temperature dependence of Km/w is substantially smaller than that for PHA and dependent on cholesterol composition. Values of 1n K m/w decrease linearly with the surface density with a slope of kappa = -4.6 +/- 0.3 (r = 0.95), which is 2.7-fold smaller than the slope of the plot of 1n PHA vs. sigma. Thus, chain ordering is a major determinant for molecular partitioning into and transport across lipid bilayers, regardless of whether it is varied by lipid composition or temperature.
Published: 1995

24. The relationship between permeant size and permeability in lipid bilayer membranes

Author: B.D. Anderson and T.-X. Xiang
Subjects: Physiology, Lipid Bilayers, Biophysics, Synthetic membrane, Analytical chemistry, Decane, In Vitro Techniques, Permeability, Diffusion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Alkanes, Particle Size, Diffusion (business), Lipid bilayer, Liposome, Chemistry, Bilayer, Water, Cell Biology, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Partition coefficient, Solvent, Models, Chemical, Phosphatidylcholines, Solvents, Thermodynamics
Abstract: Permeability coefficients (P m ) across planar egg lecithin/decane bilayers and bulk hydrocarbon/water partition coefficients (K w→hc) have been measured for 24 solutes with molecular volumes, V, varying by a factor of 22 and P m values varying by a factor of 107 to explore the chemical nature of the bilayer barrier and the effects of permeant size on permeability. A proper bulk solvent which correctly mimics the microenvironment of the barrier domain was sought. Changes in P m /Kw→hc were then ascribed to size-dependent partitioning and/or size-dependent diffusivity. The diffusion coefficient-size dependency was described by D barrier = D 0 /V n . When n-decane was used as a reference solvent, the correlation between log P m /K w→hc and log V was poor (r = 0.56) with most of the lipophilic (hydrophilic) permeants lying below (above) the regression line. Correlations improved significantly (r = 0.87 and 0.90, respectively) with more polarizable solvents, 1-hexadecene and 1,9-decadiene. Values of the size selectivity parameter n were sensitive to the reference solvent (n = 0.8 ± 0.3, 1.2 ± 0.1 and 1.4 ± 0.2, respectively, for decane, hexadecene, and decadiene). Decadiene was selected as the most suitable reference solvent. The value for n in bilayer transport is higher than that for bulk diffusion in decane (n = 0.74±0.10), confirming the steep dependence of bilayer permeability on molecular size. Statistical mechanical theory recently developed by the authors suggests that a component of this steep size dependence may reside in size-dependent solute partitioning into the ordered chain region of bilayers. This theory, combined with the above diffusion model, yielded the relationship, P m /K W→hc=D 0 exp(™αV)V n . A fit of the experimental data to this model gave the best fit (r=0.93) with α = 0.0053±0.0021 and n=0.8 ± 0.3, suggesting that both diffusion and partitioning mechanisms may play a role in determining the size dependence of lipid bilayer permeabilities.
Published: 1994

25. Molecular distributions in interphases: statistical mechanical theory combined with molecular dynamics simulation of a model lipid bilayer

Author: Tian-Xiang Xiang and B.D. Anderson
Subjects: Models, Molecular, Work (thermodynamics), Chemistry, Macromolecular Substances, Bilayer, Configuration entropy, Lipid Bilayers, Biophysics, Thermodynamics, In Vitro Techniques, Biophysical Phenomena, Gibbs free energy, Biomechanical Phenomena, Molecular dynamics, symbols.namesake, Models, Chemical, Excluded volume, symbols, Pressure, Physical chemistry, Interphase, Bar (unit), Research Article
Abstract: A mean-field statistical mechanical theory has been developed to describe molecular distributions in interphases. The excluded volume interaction has been modeled in terms of a reversible work that is required to create a cavity of the solute size against a pressure tensor exerted by the surrounding interphase molecules. The free energy change associated with this compression process includes the configuration entropy as well as the change in conformational energy of the surrounding chain molecules. The lateral pressure profile in a model lipid bilayer (30.5 A2/chain molecule) has been calculated as a function of depth in the bilayer interior by molecular dynamics simulation. The lateral pressure has a plateau value of 309 +/- 48 bar in the highly ordered region and decreases abruptly in the center of the bilayer. Model calculations have shown that for solute molecules with ellipsoidal symmetry, the orientational order increases with the ratio of the long to short molecular axes at a given solute volume and increases with solute volume at a given axial ratio, in accordance with recent experimental data. Increased lateral pressure (p perpendicular) results in higher local order and exclusion of solute from the interphase, in parallel with the effect of surface density on the partitioning and local order. The logarithm of the interphase/water partition coefficient for spherical solutes decreases linearly with solute volume. This is also an excellent approximation for elongated solutes because of the relatively weak dependence of solute partitioning on molecular shape. The slope is equal to (2p perpendicular - p parallel)/3KBT, where p parallel is the normal pressure component, and different from that predicted by the mean-field lattice theory. Finally, the lattice theory has been extended herein to incorporate an additional constraint on chain packing in the interphase and to account for the effect of solute size on partitioning.
Published: 1994

26. The Changing Role of Reservoir Engineering in the Airlie Project

Author: Lou Dello and B.D. Anderson
Subjects: Petroleum engineering, Reservoir engineering, Geology
Abstract: Abstract This paper discusses the changing role of reservoir engineering in the various stages of a marginal development offshore Western Australia known as the Airlie Project. The project, which comprises three thin oil column fields, South Pepper, North Herald and Chervil, was made possible through an innovative approach to development. This included the pioneering of horizontal well technology in Australia, the use of a jackup drilling rig as a production platform and the application of monopod and minimal structure concepts for wellhead support. Specifically the paper addresses the use of horizontal and high angle slant production wells in marginally economic thin oil columns, and discusses the successes, the failures and the general philosophy applied to the development. The results of several numerical reservoir simulation studies are used to illustrate these aspects. The evolution of the role of reservoir engineering is followed from the feasibility stage through the initial development, to the mature stage including two infill drilling programs in South Pepper, and finally to the future twilight phase of the project. The applicability and reliability of reservoir modelling at various points in the project life are reviewed. A critical feature of the reservoir management of thin oil column reservoirs has been the almost continuous remapping process as additional data was acquired and the necessity for detailed geological flow unit description. A multi disciplinary team approach has therefore been of great importance in achieving an integrated reservoir management plan. Foremost in the development success of marginally economic fields such as those in the Airlie Project, has been the application of new technology including MWD logs, gas wetness ratios and modern simulation tools. The use of reservoir simulation has been instrumental in the optimisation of horizontal well placement within the thin oil columns which are continually rising as gas caps become depleted. It was concluded from reservoir simulation studies and appraisal drilling that future horizontal wells drilled in these thin oil columns should be placed as high in the remaining oil column as possible. Introduction The Airlie Project is a marginally economic field development off the north-west coast of Western Australia (Figure 1), consisting of three small oil fields with thin oil columns of between 7 and 15 metres gross thickness. These fields are believed to be some of the smallest ever developed in an offshore environment independent of existing infrastructure. After discovery in the early 80's the fields were finally developed in 1987 using an innovative approach involving the use of a jackup drilling rig as a production platform and horizontal wells to maximise oil recovery and minimise the effects of gas and water coning. P. 255^
Published: 1993

27. Sailing and the physics of lift

Author: B.D. Anderson
Subjects: Physics, Lift (force), General Physics and Astronomy, Marine engineering
Published: 2008

28. A new determination of the partial widths of the 16.11 MeV state in 12C

Author: M.R. Dwarakanath, J.S. Schweitzer, A.V. Nero, and B.D. Anderson
Subjects: Nuclear reaction, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, State (functional analysis), Atomic physics, Resonance (particle physics), Excitation
Abstract: The partial widths of the second T = 1 state of 12 C, at 16.11 MeV excitation energy, have been determined by measuring the 11 B(p, γ) and 11 B(p, α) cross sections at the E p = 163 keV resonance corresponding to this state. These measurements result in the new values of Γ p = 21.7 ± 1.8 eV and Γ γ = 21.6 ± 3.3 eV, for the partial widths of this state; approximately 3 times smaller and larger, respectively, than the present values in the literature. The new result for the proton width eliminates a serious discrepancy found in an earlier comparison of the partial widths of the T = 1 analogue states of the A = 12 system. Measurements were also made of the 11 B(d, n) 12 C ∗ reaction to compare the proton widths of the 15.11 and 16.11 MeV T = 1 states; these measurements confirm the new, smaller proton width for the 16.11 MeV state. An attempt was also made to determine the γ-width of the 16.11 MeV state by measuring the γ-branching ratio in the 10 B( 3 He, p) 12 C ∗ (γ) 12 C reaction.
Published: 1974

29. N14(p,α)C11cross sections from 3.8 to 6.4 MeV

Author: Miguel Rios, B.D. Anderson, P. D. Ingalls, and J.S. Schweitzer
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear reaction, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Light nucleus, Annihilation radiation, Inverse, Production (computer science), Positron emission, Atomic physics
Abstract: Total cross sections for the $^{14}\mathrm{N}(p,\ensuremath{\alpha})^{11}\mathrm{C}$ reaction have been measured by using sealed gas targets and detecting annihilation radiation from the positron decay of $^{11}\mathrm{C}$. These measurements agree with the recent work of Jacobs et al. above 5.0 MeV and extend the measured cross sections to 3.8 MeV, where the cross section is a factor of 1000 smaller than the higher-energy cross sections. The results determine the low-energy normalization of the inverse $^{11}\mathrm{C}(\ensuremath{\alpha},p)^{14}\mathrm{N}$ reaction, reducing the $^{14}\mathrm{N}$ production in big bang model calculations relative to results obtained by using estimated cross sections.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{14}\mathrm{N}(p,\ensuremath{\alpha})$, $E=3.8\ensuremath{-}6.4$ MeV, measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}(E)$. Inferred $\ensuremath{\sigma}(E)$ and astrophysical cross section factor for inverse reaction. Sealed gas target.
Published: 1976

30. The cross sections

Author: J.S. Schweitzer, Miguel Rios, and B.D. Anderson
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear reaction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Crystallography, Stellar nucleosynthesis, chemistry, Silicon, Excited state, chemistry.chemical_element, Atomic physics, Oxygen
Abstract: The 46 Ti ( p , γ) 47 V , 50 Cr ( p , γ) 51 Mn , 58 Ni (α,γ) 62 Zn and 58 Ni (α, p) 61 Cu cross sections have been measured in the energy range of interest for stellar nucleosynthesis during oxygen and silicon burning. The results are compared with statistical theory calculations which attempt to treat excited state effects and the γ-ray channel more realistically than previous calculations.
Published: 1974

31. Relationship between Gamow-Teller Transition Probabilities and (p, n) Cross Sections at Small Momentum Transfers

Author: B. S. Flanders, Richard Madey, J. W. Watson, B.D. Anderson, A. R. Baldwin, B. A. Brown, B. H. Wildenthal, C.C. Foster, W. Pairsuwan, and R. J. McCarthy
Subjects: Renormalization, Baryon, Physics, Nuclear reaction, Particle physics, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Momentum transfer, General Physics and Astronomy, Elementary particle, Fermion, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon
Abstract: Gamow-Teller transition probabilities are extracted for eight nuclei with masses between $A=13 \mathrm{and} 39$ from medium-energy ($p, n$) reactions via the distorted-wave impulse approximation, and compared with experimental $\ensuremath{\beta}$-decay and with free-nucleon transition probabilities. These comparisons indicate strongly that the renormalization of the Gamow-Teller operator needed for ($p, n$) reactions on finite nuclei is different from that needed for $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay.
Published: 1985

32. Beam burst width and phase drift at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility

Author: T.R. Witten, R. Madey, B.D. Anderson, J.W. Watson, J. Knudson, A.R. Baldwin, and C.C. Foster
Subjects: Physics, Proton, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Cyclotron, General Medicine, Coincidence, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Full width at half maximum, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Phase drift, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, Dispersion (chemistry)
Abstract: We deduced a time dispersion of (0.49±0.03) ns (fwhm) for the combined effects of the burst width and the residual phase drift after phase compensation of the 135 MeV proton beam at the IUCF. This result is based on cosmic-ray coincidence measurements yielding an intrinsic time resolution of (334±13) ps (fwhm) for a 5 in.×40 in. NE-102 counter; on an observed time resolution of 0.66 ns (fwhm) for prompt γ-rays produced by 135 MeV protons on C; and on the assumption that the various time dispersions combine in quadrature. Also our measured width of 0.83 ns (fwhm) for 116 MeV neutrons from the 12 C(p,n) 12 N(g.s.) reaction at 135 MeV is consistent with the above values for the detector and beam contributions. Effective detector thicknesses of 90 mm and 79 mm were deduced for the γ-ray and neutron data, respectively. The smaller effective thicknesses result from charged recoils exiting the counter without depositing enough energy to be detected above the threshold.
Published: 1979

33. Excitation of the 6− particle-hole state with the 40Ca(p,n)40Sc reaction at 133.5 MeV

Author: J.W. Watson, A.R. Baldwin, B.D. Anderson, A. Fazely, R. Madey, C. C. Foster, and C. Lebo
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle, State (functional analysis), Atomic physics, Excitation
Abstract: A relatively broad (~2.5 MeV) state was observed in 40 Sc at E x = 7 MeV, which is interpreted as the T =1 6 − stretched state with the dominant configuration ( π f 7 2 , v d 5 2 −1 ). The strength observed is comparable to the (p, n) excitation of the T = 1, 6 − stretched in state 28 P, and the width is understood in terms of the spreading and decay widths of the 1 d 5 2 strength in 40 Sc.
Published: 1983

34. O16(d,n)Polarizations and Cross Sections from 3 to 4 MeV

Author: D.E. Velkley, B.D. Anderson, and H.B. Willard
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Angular distribution, Neutron, Atomic physics, Polarization (waves), Oxygen-16
Published: 1972

35. Measurement of the Inclusive Neutron Production by Relativistic Neon Ions on Uranium

Author: Richard Madey, Walter Schimmerling, B.D. Anderson, A. R. Baldwin, Douglas Ortendahl, John W. Kast, and R.A. Cecil
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear Theory, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Neutron spectra, Uranium, Ion, Nuclear physics, Neon, chemistry, Proton spectra, Production (computer science), Neutron, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon
Abstract: Inclusive double-differential cross sections for neutron production were measured at 337 MeV/nucleon in the reaction $\mathrm{Ne}+\mathrm{U}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n+X$. Neutrons were detected with energies between \ensuremath{\sim} 12 and \ensuremath{\sim} 600 MeV at laboratory angles of 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, and 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The neutron spectra above \ensuremath{\sim} 30 MeV are comparable with the predictions of a "firestreak" calculation. The neutron spectra differ from proton spectra reported for U and Pb.
Published: 1979

36. /sup 4/He(t,t)/sup 4/He elastic scattering: analyzing powers and differential cross sections. [7 to 14 MeV]

Author: R. V. Poore, D.M. Stupin, P.A. Lovoi, B.D. Anderson, Ronald E. Brown, P.A. Schmelzbach, Gerald G. Ohlsen, R.F. Haglund, R. A. Hardekopf, and Nelson Jarmie
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear reaction, Elastic scattering, Light nucleus, Helium-4, Scattering, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Isotopes of helium, Differential (mathematics), Charged particle
Abstract: Analyzing power and differential cross-section results are presented in tabular and graphical form for /sup 4/He(t,t)/sup 4/He elastic scattering from 7- to 14-MeV bombarding energy. The experimental procedure is described for measuring the analyzing powers.
Published: 1977

37. Calculations of Neutron Detector Efficiencies

Author: R.A. Cecil, B.D. Anderson, and Richard Madey
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear reaction, Range (particle radiation), Nuclear Theory, Detector, Neutron detection, Neutron, Scintillator, Nuclear Experiment, Charged particle, Neutron temperature
Abstract: Several improvements have been made during the last few years to computer calculations of efficiencies for detecting neutrons with hydrocarbon scintillators. The most recent work of Cecil et al. (1979) claims an accuracy of a few percent for a substantial range of neutron energies, detector thresholds, and counter sizes. These improvements include the adoption of new inelastic cross sections and energy and angular distributions for neutron-induced reactions on carbon, adoption of new light-response functions, use of relativistic kinematics, and proper determination of light deposited by escaping charged particles. Although the number of possible nuclear reactions for medium-energy neutrons in a scintillator is large, good agreement of calculations with many different measurements of detector efficiencies up to neutron energies of 300 MeV indicates that the efficiencies may be described adequately by grouping the different reactions into a few channels in the efficiency code.
Published: 1980

38. $sup 16$O(d,n) POLARIZATIONS AND CROSS SECTIONS FROM 3 TO 4 MeV

Author: B.D. Anderson, D.E. Velkley, and H.B. Willard
Published: 1973

39. Precision determination of the neutron spin structure function $g^{n}_{1}$

Author: R. Gearhart, C. C. Young, Vincent Breton, R. Holmes, J. Marroncle, Zein-Eddine Meziani, J. W. Watson, D. M. Manley, M. Kuriki, X. Wang, R. M. Lombard-Nelsen, Yu. G. Kolomensky, Gordon D. Cates, M. Olson, H. Yuta, Timothy B. Smith, L. M. Stuart, G. A. Peterson, T. Maruyama, P. Raines, L. Sorrell, L. S. Rochester, E. W. Hughes, R. Pitthan, H. R. Band, T. Toole, J. Fellbaum, K. S. Kumar, Alan K. Thompson, F. Staley, W.-M. Zhang, Timothy Chupp, Robert C. Welsh, S. E. Kuhn, Paul Souder, T. R. Wright, B.D. Anderson, C.M. Berisso, R. Prepost, T. Marvin, F.R. Wesselmann, Gregory S. Mitchell, G. Igo, David Miller, W. Kahl, K. A. Griffioen, Michael Romalis, B. Youngman, Z. M. Szalata, Sebastien Incerti, Y. Terrien, R. S. Hicks, P.L. Anthony, P. Zyla, S.St. Lorant, K. P. Coulter, W. Meyer, S. E. Rock, F. Suekane, S. Churchwell, J. R. Johnson, J. Shaw, P. E. Bosted, B. Raue, H. Borel, F. Sabatié, R. G. Arnold, T. Akagi, M.J. Buenerd, M. Daoudi, D. Reyna, P. Decowski, R. Erickson, T. Averett, M. Khayat, Koji Abe, H. Fonvieille, P. Bogorad, Gilbert Shapiro, V. Ghazikhanian, G. G. Petratos, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), E154, and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, QCD sum rules, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Function (mathematics), Spin structure, Deep inelastic scattering, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract: We report on a precision measurement of the neutron spin structure function $g^n_1$ using deep inelastic scattering of polarized electrons by polarized ^3He. For the kinematic range 0.014, Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures To be published in Phys. Rev. Lett

40. Degenerate networks

Author: B.D. Anderson and R.W. Newcomb
Subjects: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Published: 1966

41. Stellar Rates for Some Reactions of Interest in Astrophysics

Author: B.D. Anderson, J.S. Schweitzer, and Miguel Rios
Subjects: Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Alpha particle, Stellar evolution, Excitation
Published: 1975

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