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Over the patt two decades, oral and maxillofacial surgeons have gained a greater appreciation for the biology of allogeneic bone healing, resulting in a dramatic increase in its indications and use. Unfortunately, this time period has also ushered in near epidemic proportions of HIV-infected persons, some of whom might be considered as potential donors of allogeneic bone. As this article will discuss, surgeons and tissue bank teams alike must be aware of the clinical and serologic criteria associated with an acceptable donor. Only in this way can contamination-free specimens be obtained and surgically implanted.

From 1974 to 1981, 139 infants with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) were treated at our institution. Fourteen of these infants had not been fed prior to development of NEC. The unfed infants who developed intestinal necrosis had lower birth weights, were less mature, and had lower Apgar scores. The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and perinatal asphyxia were significantly higher in the entire unfed group. Unfed infants generally had longstanding indwelling umbilical artery catheters. Pneumatosis intestinalis was not often seen in unfed infants, even in those who developed intestinal necrosis and perforation. Anatomic location of the disease as determined at surgery was sometimes atypical. The pathologic lesion present in the intestine of the unfed infant suggested a primarily, if not purely, ischemic etiology.

This report illustrates the destructive nature of renal candidiasis in a neonate with a cloacal anomaly.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an immunohistochemical study of fetal eccrine sweat glands and of sweat-gland adenomas. An unlabelled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique was carried out. Paraffin sections dewaxed in xylol and rehydrated in alcohol were incubated for 18 h at 58°C. 0.3% hydrogen peroxide in methanol was applied for 30 min to block endogenous peroxidase activity. Rabbit anti-S-100 protein 1:800 was applied for 30 min. Swine anti-rabbit IgG 1:20 was applied for 30 min. Rabbit PAP complex was added at a dilution of 1:100 for 30 min. The diaminobenzidine reaction was run for 6 min with hydrogen peroxide. The tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin for 10 min, and were dehydrated and mounted. S-100 protein was detected in cutaneous nerves of all skin specimens. It was not observed in fetal epidermal cells, acrosyringeal or ductal cells. As the primitive eccrine coil formed, S-100 protein immunopositivity was found overlying the nucleus of single cells in the coil.

Developing fetal eccrine glands were examined for the presence of Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using an unlabeled antibody peroxidase-anti-peroxidase technique and rabbit antibody to human CEA. The earliest sign of commitment to the formation of an eccrine gtand was the presence of CEA within a single keratinocyte in fetal epidermis. As the eccrine unit evolved, we found CEA in both acrosyringeal cells and the ductal cells. Although the function of CEA in eccrine gland remains undefined, this substance may play an integral role in the earliest development of the gland as well as in its normal function in the adult.

Skin and thymus were obtained from abortuses of varying ages and from neonatal autopsies to determine if SlOO-protein-containing dendritic cells were present. Using an unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, we could not detect these dendritic cells in epidermis prior to live birth, but did detect them at all fetal ages in thymus. Within 24 hours of live, full-term delivery, dendritic cells containing SI00 protein were identified in epidermis.

A severe illness developed gradually in a healthy boy following administration of live measles vaccine at age 14 years. Killed measles vaccine had been given at age 2. Panniculitis began near the site of live vaccine injection, extended contiguously to involve the entire upper arm, and then began to appear in distant subcutaneous sites. He was febrile, leukopenic, anemic, and lost weight rapidly. Evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship between the lesions and the measles vaccine included biopsy findings of particles closely resembling measles nucleocapsids and complete virions by electron microscopy, positive fluorescence after staining with two anti-measles nucleocapsid sera, and immunologic aberrations. The lesions regressed after various treatments and completely remitted on two occasions, but recurred. He became severely malnourished and finally died 29 months after the measles vaccination. At autopsy, pannicultitis was found in the subcutis and mesentery, without evidence of involvement of the brain or other vital organs.

A congenital malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor contained small rhabdomyosarcomatous portions in both the retroperitoneal pelvic primary and in the subpleural lung metastasis. There was no family history of Von Recklinghausen's disease. Of the 10 patients with this tumor previously reported, 1 the youngest is 14 yr old, and eight had familial neurofibromatosis.