Search

Traumatomutilla impetuosa (Smith, 1879), comb. nov. (Figs 12A–G) Mutilla impetuosa Smith, 1879: 220, holotype, ♂, Brazil, Para [sic] (NHM), examined. Mutilla impetuosa: André 1902: 73 (incertae sedis); Nonveiller 1990: 114 (incertae sedis). Diagnosis. FEMALE. Unknown. MALE. Mesopleuron simply swollen on dorsal half, axillar projections acute, scutellum simply convex, pronotal sculpture with sparse micropunctures. Description. FEMALE. Unknown. MALE. Body length 11 mm. Head. Transversely subrectangular with posterolateral angles rounded in dorsal view, 0.85 × as wide as pronotal width. Eye almost circular. Ocelli small; OOD 3.6 × DLO, IOD 1.4 × DLO. Occipital carina distinct. Head surface densely and finely punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctate; conspicuously denser and coarse on front. Gena ecarinate. Antennal scrobe concave to eye margin, with well-defined transverse dorsal scrobal carina. Clypeus concave laterally immediately below antennal insertion, conspicuously convex medially; densely and coarsely punctate; apical/ventral margin with a pair of medial subrounded subsessile teeth. Scape bicarinate. Antennae lost. Mandible obliquely tridentate apically, inner tooth larger than medial tooth; lacking dorsal or ventral projections. Mesosoma. Epaulets well-defined, virtually flat against anterior margin of pronotum, broadly separated from short humeral carina, anterolateral angles of pronotum subrounded. Anterior face of pronotum sparsely punctate with interspersed micropunctations laterally, simply micropunctate sublaterally, and virtually unsculptured smooth and shinning medially. Tegula convex, mostly glabrous and impunctate except for dense coarse punctures on along inner and anterior margins. Mesoscutum densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate, notaulus and parapsis present, reduced to posterior half of mesoscutum. Scutellum convex, without dorsal and posterior faces, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate; with conspicuous longitudinal flat unsculptured area anteromedially. Axilla produced posterolaterally as short acute projection, with conspicuous flat coarsely and densely foveolate-punctate dorsal surface. Metanotum slightly wider laterally, its surface obscured by dense setation. Propodeal dorsum convex, partially concealed by dense setation, densely areolate where visible; lateral face virtually unsculptured, smooth and shinning on anterior half; dorsal face rounded into and poorly distinguished from posterior face. Lateral face of pronotum sparsely punctate with dense interspersed micropunctures; mesopleuron with short blunt tubercle on dorsal half; mesopleural sculpture densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate with interspersed micropunctures; areolations/foveolations gradually sparser anteriad. Metapleuron sparsely micropunctate to smooth throughout, except for indistinct areolations on ventral margin and indistinct rugosities on dorsal margin. Wings. Forewing with elongate sclerotized pterostigma; marginal cell elongated, truncate apically; three submarginal cells. Legs. Simply setose, no strong spines discernible dorsally; spurs finely serrate on margins. Metasoma. T1 0. 5 × as wide as T2. T2 length 0.7 × its width. Dorsal metasomal sculpture partially concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible. Pygidial plate missing. S1 longitudinally elevated medially, terminating in low longitudinal slightly concave carina; carina higher posteriorly. S2 coarsely and sparsely foveolate-punctate to punctate, with micropunctures laterally and conspicuous elongate setae filled pit medially; longitudinal anteromedial crest-fold present. S3–6 sparsely and coarsely foveolate-punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures; S7 densely foveolate-punctate with well-defined medial longitudinal unsculptured area; longer than broad, well-defined by lateral carinae throughout, posterior margin projected medially into a single tooth-like structure on posterior margin; apex of projections bilobate. Genitalia. Parapenial lobe not at all pronounced apically, subacute. Ratios of free length of paramere, cuspis and digitus, 58:48:15; paramere virtually straight in dorsal view, apex upcurved in lateral view and outcurved in dorsal view; with sparse setae ventrally at anterior half; cuspis thin, slender, elongate, equally wide throughout in dorsal view, slightly narrower apicad in lateral view; with scattered inconspicuous long setae apically and sparse inconspicuous short setae elsewhere; paracuspis well-developed, not sessile, somewhat petiolate, virtually as long as wide, subtriangulate and with densely setose posterodorsal margin in lateral view; setae longer than paracuspis; digitus short, slightly curved inward in dorsal view and upcurved in lateral view, sparsely setose basodorsally, apex somewhat expanded, subcapitate in lateral view; penis valve with inner surface strongly concave, and well-defined pair of short acute teeth posteroventrally; externolateral pocket present, greatly reduced; apical distance between teeth 0.1 × length of valve; dense setae present along subtruncate, shelf-like posterior margin; inconspicuous setae present at base of subposterior tooth on external surface. Coloration and variations: FEMALES. Unknown. MALES. Integument black to brownish-black. Body setae predominantly black varying in density, except following areas with silvery-white setae varying in density: clypeus, ventral surface of tibiae and basitarsi, ventral surface of meso and metafemora, coxae, propodeal dorsum, T1, basal third of T2, lateral margins and felt line of T2, fringe of T2–3 laterally, S1–4, and fringe of S2–3. Tibial spurs yellowish-white. Wings dark brown infuscated throughout, with faint purplish reflections at apical third of forewings. Distribution. Brazil. Material examined. (1♂) Type material. Holotype Mutilla impetuosa, ♂, Brazil, Para [sic] (NHM). Remarks. This male is quite unremarkable and though its differences in relation to other males of the T. indica species-group can be considered slight variations, there are no obvious putative females that can be safely associated with it. Any association is also especially difficult because the only distribution information about T. impetuosa is “ Brazil, Para” which means that the type locality could be any area in the current states of Pará, Amapá, and possibly Amazonas and Roraima, which were, between 1850 and 1879 (when the specimen was likely collected), all part of a single state. Comparing male morphology allows us to hypothesize that this is either an extreme variant of the male of T. guayaca, for which we have not yet found an intermediate form, or the male of an undescribed female., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, Marcio L., 2022, Revision of the Traumatomutilla indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), pp. 1-97 in Zootaxa 5108 (1) on pages 38-39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5108.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336862, {"references":["Smith, F. (1879) Descriptions of new species of Hymenoptera in the collection of the British Museum. Taylor & Francis, London, xxi + 240 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 17490","Andre, E. (1902) Fam. Mutillidae. In: Wytsman, P., Genera Insectorum. Fasc. 11. L. Desmet-Verteneuil, Bruxelles, 77 pp., 3 pls.","Nonveiller, G. (1990) Catalogue of the Mutillidae, Myrmosidae and Bradynobaenidae of the Neotropical Region including Mexico (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Hymenopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 18. Nova Editio. SPB Academic Publishing, Den Haag, 150 pp."]}

Traumatomutilla borba (Cresson, 1902) (Figs 3A���C) Mutilla borba Cresson, 1902: 53, lectotype [designated by Cresson (1916)], ♀, Brazil, [Mato Grosso], Chapada [dos Guimar��es] (CMNH), examined. Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) borba: Andr��, 1902: 54. Traumatomutilla borba: Andr��, 1904: 40. Diagnosis. FEMALE. Mesonotum narrower than distance between pronotal spiracles, lateral face of propodeum not evenly sculptured, scutellar scale well-defined and extending to propodeal spiracles, T2 conspicuously longer than broad and wider posteriorly than anteriorly. MALE. Unknown. Description. FEMALE. Body length 10���15 mm. Head. Posterior margin virtually straight. Occipital carina evenly arched and equally wide throughout. Vertex width 0.8 �� pronotal width. Eye almost circular, its length in frontal view virtually equal to distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Sculpture partially concealed by dense setae, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate where visible; sculpture sparser on gena and malar space; with well-defined medial longitudinal carina extending from vertex to front. Genal carina present. Mandible oblique, tapering slightly towards apex, with small subapical tooth. Dorsal scrobal carina well-defined, separated from antennal tubercles and lateral scrobal carina.Antennal tubercle irregularly rugose. Flagellomere 1 2.1 �� pedicel length; flagellomere 2 1.35 �� pedicel length. Mesosoma. Dorsal thoracic length slightly shorter than mesosomal width. Mesosomal dorsum sculpture partially concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely areolate-punctate where visible with somewhat rounded intervals; medial longitudinal carina present on mesonotum and dorsal face of propodeum, interrupted near scutellar area.Anterior face of pronotum defined, virtually as long as pronotal collar; with indistinct and coarse longitudinal striations at base and dense coarse and confused punctures dorsad; dorsal face rounded into anterior face in lateral view. Humeral carina well-defined, broadly separated from slightly projected and sharp epaulet, anterolateral corners of pronotum subangulate in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle slightly projected from lateral margin of pronotum, rounded. Lateral face of pronotum densely punctate with dense interspersed micropunctures; with indistinct swelling anteroventral in relation to pronotal spiracle; mesopleuron sculpture mostly concealed by dense setation, micropunctate anteriorly and densely coarsely foveolate-punctate along mesopleural ridge where visible; metapleuron sculpture concealed by dense setation on ventral half, completely asetose, smooth on dorsal half. Lateral face of propodeum sparsely and coarsely foveolate-punctate with smooth shinning intervals never wider than surrounding sculpture. Ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 60:69:69:52:53. Lateral margin of mesonotum constricted anterior to propodeal spiracle, diverging anterad, mesonotum with expanded lateral margins. Propodeal spiracle projected from lateral margin of mesosoma; post-spiracular area absent. Scutellar scale present, transverse, arched, reaching propodeal spiracles; scabrous intervals absent on scutellar area. Propodeum convex, dorsal face virtually as long as and rounded into posterior face. Metasoma. Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 40:87:95. Disc of T2 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to punctate with dense interspersed micropunctures; foveolations slightly sparser and micropunctures absent laterally and over integumental spots. T3���5 sculpture predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to simply punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible; T6, except pygidial plate, densely and coarsely punctate. S1 surface cuneiform, densely, coarsely and confusedly foveolate-punctate around sub-sharp longitudinal medial carina equally high throughout. S2 densely foveolate-punctate, more sparsely so posteromediad; anteromedial crest-fold indistinct. S3���4 sculpture mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and finely foveolate-punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible; S5���6 densely foveolate-punctate. Pygidial plate subpyriform, defined by lateral carinae at apical fourth of plate; surface with transverse coarse and irregular rugosities; interstice granulose. MALE. Unknown. Coloration and variations: FEMALES. Integument black except flagellomeres and mandibles partially reddish-brown, and T2 with four subelliptical to subovate yellowish integumental spots. Body setae predominantly silvery-white varying in density except following areas with black setae varying in density: front, vertex, dorsal half of gena; dorsal half of lateral face of pronotum, mesopleuron, and metapleuron; pronotal dorsum, mesoscutum medially, propodeal dorsum medially; T1 medially, disc of T2 (except integumental spots), fringe of T2���5 sublaterally, T6 (except pygidial plate) medially, S1���5, and fringe of S2���3. Tibial spurs yellowish-white. MALES. Unknown. Distribution. Brazil. Material examined. (2♀) Type material. Lectotype, ♀, Brazil, [Mato Grosso], Chapada [dos Guimar��es], Nov. [November] (CMNH); Paralectotype, ♀, same label data as lectotype (CMNH). Remarks. Numerous specimens in various collections may have been erroneously identified as T. borba, since the reference specimens used thus far are remarkably different from the type. We have not seen any specimens that resemble T. borba outside of the type series (two specimens). There seem to be two possible explanations for this: 1. This is a rare species with restricted distribution to the Chapada dos Guimar��es area, as seems to be the case with T. aemulata (Cresson, 1902); 2. This may simply be a slender version of T. spectabilis (Gerstaecker, 1874) with yellow spots, which would mirror the situation with T. grossa (Gerstaecker, 1874) and T. abrupta (Gerstaecker, 1874), discussed below. There is, however, one conspicuous structural difference between the type series of T. borba and T. spectabilis. The scutellar scale is well defined and reaches the propodeal spiracles laterally in T. borba, which contrasts with the generally poorly defined to indistinct scutellar armature of T. spectabilis., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, Marcio L., 2022, Revision of the Traumatomutilla indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), pp. 1-97 in Zootaxa 5108 (1) on pages 16-18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5108.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336862, {"references":["Cresson, E. T. (1902) Descriptions of some Brazilian Mutilla. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 28, 1 - 82.","Cresson, E. T. (1916) The Cresson types of Hymenoptera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 1, 79 - 85.","Andre, E. (1902) Fam. Mutillidae. In: Wytsman, P., Genera Insectorum. Fasc. 11. L. Desmet-Verteneuil, Bruxelles, 77 pp., 3 pls.","Andre, E. (1904) Examen critique d'une nouvelle classification proposee par M. le Dr. W. H. Ashmead pour le famille des Mutillides. Revue d'Entomologie, 23 (1), 27 - 41.","Gerstaecker, A. (1874) Mutillarum Americae meridionalis indigenarum synopsis systematica et synonymica. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 40, 41 - 77 + 299 - 328."]}

Traumatomutilla protuberans (Gerstaecker, 1874) (Figs 21A���G) Mutilla protuberans Gerstaecker, 1874: 318, holotype, ♂, Argentina, Catamarca (MLUH), examined. Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) protuberans: Andr��, 1902: 55. Traumatomutilla protuberans: Andr��, 1904: 40. Diagnosis. FEMALE. Unknown. MALE. Cuspis elongate, slender; mesopleuron tuberculate on dorsal half; meso and metatibial spurs yellowish-white; scutellum gibbose with nearly vertical posterior face; axillar projections transversely truncate, conspicuously narrower apicad in dorsal view; penis valve with posterior tooth conspicuously shorter than anterior tooth. Description. FEMALE. Unknown. MALE. Body length 20 mm. Head. Transversely subrectangular with posterolateral angles rounded in dorsal view, 0.75 �� as wide as pronotal width. Eye almost circular. Ocelli small; OOD 5.8 �� DLO, IOD 2.0 �� DLO. Occipital carina distinct. Head surface densely and coarsely punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctate; conspicuously denser and coarse on front. Gena ecarinate. Antennal scrobe concave to eye margin, with well-defined transverse dorsal scrobal carina. Clypeus concave laterally immediately below antennal insertion, conspicuously convex medially; densely and coarsely punctate; apical/ventral margin with a pair of medial subrounded subsessile teeth. Scape bicarinate. Flagellomere 1 2.0 �� pedicel length; flagellomere 2 2.6 �� pedicel length. Mandible obliquely tridentate apically, inner tooth larger than medial tooth; lacking dorsal or ventral projections. Mesosoma. Epaulets well-defined, slightly projected from anterior margin of pronotum, broadly separated from short humeral carina, anterolateral angles of pronotum subrounded. Anterior face of pronotum sparsely punctate with interspersed micropunctations except medially mostly unsculptured smooth and shinning. Tegula convex, mostly glabrous and impunctate except for dense coarse punctures on along inner and anterior margins. Mesoscutum densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate, notaulus present and parapsis indistinct, reduced to posterior half of mesoscutum. Scutellum gibbose, with well-defined dorsal and posterior faces densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate; with irregular somewhat elevated ���carina-like��� longitudinal medial are on dorsal face. Axilla produced posterolaterally as short and narrow truncate projection, with conspicuous flat coarsely and densely foveolate-punctate dorsal surface. Metanotum slightly wider laterally, its surface obscured by dense setation. Propodeal dorsum convex, densely areolate; lateral face with sculpture indistinct on anterior margin; dorsal face rounded into and poorly distinguished from posterior face. Lateral face of pronotum sparsely and indistinctly rugose-punctate with dense interspersed micropunctures; mesopleuron with large blunt tubercle on dorsal half; mesopleural sculpture densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate with interspersed micropunctures; areolations/foveolations gradually sparser anteriad. Metapleuron sparsely micropunctate to smooth throughout, except for indistinct areolations on basal third and indistinct rugosities on apical fourth. Wings. Forewing with elongate sclerotized pterostigma; marginal cell elongated, truncate apically; three submarginal cells. Legs. Simply setose, no strong spines discernible dorsally; spurs finely serrate on margins. Metasoma. T1 0.55 �� as wide as T2. T2 length 0.85 �� its width. Dorsal metasomal sculpture partially concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible. Pygidial plate irregularly, transversely and indistinctly rugose, broader than long, weakly defined by parallel carinae apicolaterally, interstice apparently granulose. S1 longitudinally elevated medially, terminating in longitudinal carina with conspicuous subacute spine-like projection posteriorly. S2 coarsely and sparsely foveolate-punctate to punctate, with reduced anteromedial pit filled with setae; longitudinal anteromedial crest-fold present. S3���6 sparsely and coarsely foveolate-punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures; S7 densely foveolate-punctate with well-defined medial longitudinal unsculptured area; longer than broad, well-defined by lateral carinae throughout, posterior margin projected medially into a single tooth-like structure on posterior margin; apex of projections bilobate. Genitalia. Parapenial lobe not at all pronounced apically, rounded. Ratios of free length of paramere, cuspis and digitus, 67:58:15; paramere marginally sinuous in dorsal view, curved outward apically in dorsal view and upcurved apically in lateral view; with dense setae ventrally at basal half; cuspis thin, slender, elongate, slightly wider apically, equally wide throughout in lateral view except apex conspicuously wider, subcapitate; with dense long setae apically and sparse inconspicuous short setae elsewhere; paracuspis well-developed, not sessile, virtually as long as wide, subtriangulate and with densely setose posterodorsal margin in lateral view; setae as long as or shorter than paracuspis; digitus short, slightly curved inward in dorsal view and upcurved in lateral view, sparsely setose basodorsally, apex somewhat expanded, subcapitate in lateral view; penis valve with inner surface strongly concave, and well-defined pair of short teeth posteroventrally; posterior tooth acute shorter than subacute subposterior tooth; externolateral pocket well-developed; apical distance between teeth 0.1 �� length of valve; dense setae present along subtruncate, shelf-like posterior margin; inconspicuous setae present at base of subposterior tooth on external surface. Coloration and variations. FEMALES. Unknown. MALES. Integument black to brownish-black. Body setae predominantly black varying in density, except following areas with black setae varying in density: posterior face of propodeum, T1, basal third of T2, lateral margins of T2, fringe of T2���3 laterally, and S1���4. Distribution. Argentina. Material examined. (1♂) Type material. Holotype Mutilla protuberans, ♂, ARGENTINA, Catamarca (MLUH). Remarks. The peculiar axillar projection and strongly produced anterior tooth of the penis valve in T. protuberans set this specimen apart from every other male of the T. indica species-group examined in this study. We have not seen any other specimen with this character combination except this holotype. Two possible explanations for this single male include: 1. Based on distribution and size, this is a putative male for T. contempta in Argentina; 2. Based on morphological similarities, this could be an unusual variant of T. spectabilis or T. vidua. Either way, both hypotheses can only be confirmed with more specimens with the same characters of T. protuberans or specimens that bear intermediate characters between this species and others., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, Marcio L., 2022, Revision of the Traumatomutilla indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), pp. 1-97 in Zootaxa 5108 (1) on pages 60-62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5108.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336862, {"references":["Gerstaecker, A. (1874) Mutillarum Americae meridionalis indigenarum synopsis systematica et synonymica. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 40, 41 - 77 + 299 - 328.","Andre, E. (1902) Fam. Mutillidae. In: Wytsman, P., Genera Insectorum. Fasc. 11. L. Desmet-Verteneuil, Bruxelles, 77 pp., 3 pls.","Andre, E. (1904) Examen critique d'une nouvelle classification proposee par M. le Dr. W. H. Ashmead pour le famille des Mutillides. Revue d'Entomologie, 23 (1), 27 - 41."]}

Traumatomutilla guayaca Casal, 1969 (Figs 10A���F, 11A���F) Traumatomutilla guayaca Casal, 1969: 284, holotype, ♀, Ecuador, Esmeraldas, Parr. San Mateo (AMNH), examined. Traumatomutilla tayguaya Casal, 1969: 285, holotype, ♀, Colombia, Valle Let. Ang. [sic] (AMNH), examined, syn. nov. Diagnosis. FEMALE. Mesonotum as wide as distance between pronotal spiracles, anterolateral corners of pronotum sharply angulate, scutellar scale and anterolateral carinae indistinct, dorsal face of propodeum as long as posterior face, lateral face of propodeum mostly unsculptured smooth and shinning. MALE. Mesopleuron simply swollen on dorsal half, axillar projections acute, scutellum simply convex without distinguishable dorsal and posterior faces, S2 without setae-filled pit, pronotum with dense micropunctures. Description. FEMALE. Body length 10���14 mm. Head. Posterior margin virtually straight. Occipital carina evenly arched and equally wide throughout. Vertex width 0.8 �� pronotal width. Eye almost circular, its length in frontal view 1.1 �� the distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Sculpture partially concealed by dense setae, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to areolate-punctate where visible; sculpture conspicuously sparser on gena and malar space. Genal carina present. Mandible oblique, tapering slightly towards apex, with small subapical tooth. Dorsal scrobal carina well-defined, broadly separated from antennal tubercles and indistinct lateral scrobal carina. Antennal tubercle irregularly rugose. Flagellomere 1 2.0 �� pedicel length; flagellomere 2 1.6 �� pedicel length. Mesosoma. Mesosoma 0.9 �� as long as wide. Mesosomal dorsum sculpture partially concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely areolate-punctate where visible; simply micropunctate mediad; with poorly defined medial longitudinal carina; dorsal face of propodeum with medial longitudinal carina; scutellar area simply punctate. Anterior face of pronotum defined, slightly longer than pronotal collar, indistinctly and coarsely striated longitudinally basad and with dense coarse and confused punctures dorsad; dorsal face roundly angulate into anterior face in lateral view. Humeral carina well-defined, broadly separated from slightly projected rounded epaulet, anterolateral corners of pronotum sharply angulate in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle slightly projected from lateral margin of pronotum, rounded. Lateral face of pronotum sparsely punctate with dense interspersed micropunctures; with indistinct blunt tubercle on ventral margin anterior to pronotal spiracle; mesopleuron sculpture mostly concealed by dense setation, micropunctate anteriorly and sparsely foveolate-punctate along mesopleural ridge where visible; metapleuron sculpture partially concealed by dense setation, dorsal half completely asetose, smooth. Lateral face of propodeum sparsely foveolate-punctate, with large smooth, shinning intervals. Ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 62:69:68:50:47. Lateral margin of mesonotum constricted anterior to propodeal spiracle, diverging anteriad, mesonotum with expanded lateral margins. Propodeal spiracle projected from lateral margin of mesosoma; post-spiracular area absent. Scutellar scale and anterolateral carinae indistinct, reduced to irregular transverse outlines on scutellar area; scabrous intervals absent on scutellar area. Propodeum convex, dorsal face longer than and slightly angulate rounded into posterior face. Metasoma. Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 35:85:91. Disc of T2 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to punctate with dense interspersed micropunctures; foveolations sparser and micropunctures absent laterally and over integumental spots. T3���5 sculpture predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to simply punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible; T6, except pygidial plate, densely and coarsely punctate. S1 surface cuneiform, densely, coarsely and confusedly foveolate-punctate around blunt longitudinal medial carina slightly higher medially. S2 densely foveolate-punctate, more sparsely and finely so posteromediad; anteromedial crest-fold indistinct. S3���6 sculpture mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and finely foveolate-punctate where visible. Pygidial plate subpyriform, defined by lateral carinae at apical third of plate; surface with transverse coarse and irregular rugosities; interstice granulose. MALE. Body length 11���13 mm. Head. Transversely subrectangular with posterolateral angles rounded in dorsal view, 0.8 �� as wide as pronotal width. Eye almost circular. Ocelli small; OOD 4.8 �� DLO, IOD virtually equal to DLO. Occipital carina distinct. Head surface virtually concealed by dense setation, sparsely and finely punctate where visible. Gena ecarinate. Antennal scrobe concave to eye margin, with well-defined transverse dorsal scrobal carina. Clypeus concave laterally immediately below antennal insertion, conspicuously convex medially; surface densely concealed by setation; apical/ventral margin with a pair of medial subrounded subsessile teeth. Scape bicarinate. Flagellomere 1 1.8 �� pedicel length; flagellomere 2 2.3 �� pedicel length. Mandible obliquely tridentate apically, inner tooth larger than medial tooth; lacking dorsal or ventral projections. Mesosoma. Epaulets well-defined, slightly projected from anterior margin of pronotum, broadly separated from short humeral carina, anterolateral angles of pronotum subrounded. Anterior face of pronotum sparsely punctate with interspersed micropunctures, marginally concave basomedially. Tegula convex, mostly glabrous and impunctate except for dense coarse punctures on along inner and anterior margins. Mesoscutum densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate, notaulus and parapsis present, reduced to posterior half of mesoscutum. Scutellum convex, densely and finely foveolate-punctate; with longitudinal unsculptured area anteromedially; dorsal and posterior faces poorly distinguished. Axilla produced posterolaterally as short acute projection, with slightly concave and coarse dense foveolate-punctate dorsal surface. Metanotum slightly wider laterally, its surface obscured by dense setation. Propodeal dorsum convex, partially concealed by dense setation, densely areolate where visible; sculpture of lateral face indistinct to absent anteriad; dorsal face rounded into and poorly distinguished from posterior face. Lateral face of pronotum densely micropunctate; mesopleuron with indistinct blunt swelling on dorsal half; mesopleural sculpture densely and coarsely areolatepunctate to foveolate-punctate with interspersed micropunctures; simply micropunctate anteriad; sparsely foveolate punctate with smooth intervals posterad. Metapleuron smooth throughout, except for indistinct areolations on basal fourth, micropunctate on dorsal fourth. Wings. Forewing with elongate sclerotized pterostigma; marginal cell elongated, truncate apically; three submarginal cells. Legs. Simply setose, no strong spines discernible dorsally; spurs finely serrate on margins. Metasoma. Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 50:98:78. Dorsal metasomal sculpture partially concealed by dense setation, densely and finely punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible; Pygidial plate indistinctly granulose apicad, unsculptured and smooth basad, slightly broader than long, weakly defined by parallel carinae apicolaterally. S1 longitudinally elevated medially, terminating in longitudinal slightly concave carina with short spine-like projection posteriorly. S2 sparsely foveolate-punctate to punctate; sculpture sparser posteromediad; longitudinal anteromedial crest-fold present. S3���6 sparsely and coarsely foveolate-punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures; S7 densely foveolate-punctate with well-defined medial longitudinal unsculptured area; longer than broad, well-defined by lateral carinae throughout, posterior margin projected medially into a single tooth-like structure on posterior margin; apex of projections bilobate. Genitalia. Parapenial lobe not at all pronounced apically, subacute. Ratios of free length of paramere, cuspis and digitus, 64:52:13; paramere virtually straight in dorsal view, apex upcurved in lateral view and outcurved in dorsal view; with sparse setae ventrally at anterior half; cuspis thin, slender, elongate, equally wide throughout in dorsal view, slightly narrower apicad in lateral view; with scattered inconspicuous long setae apically and sparse inconspicuous short setae elsewhere; paracuspis well-developed, not sessile, longer than wide, with subrounded and sparsely setose posterodorsal margin in lateral view; setae longer than or as long as paracuspis; digitus short, slightly curved inward in dorsal view and upcurved in lateral view, apparently asetose basodorsally, apex somewhat expanded, subcapitate in lateral view; penis valve with inner surface strongly concave, and well-defined pair of short teeth posteroventrally; posterior tooth acute, subposterior tooth subacute, with externolateral pocket; apical distance between teeth 0.1 �� length of valve; sparse setae present along subtruncate posterior margin; inconspicuous setae present at base of subposterior tooth on external surface. Coloration and variations. FEMALES. Integument black except mandibles and antennal flagellomeres partially reddish-brown, and T2 with four yellowish integumental spots; Spots varying in shape and color: linear to subrectangular or elliptical; yellowish to orange. Body setae predominantly silvery-white varying in density except the following areas with black setae varying in density: frons, pronotal dorsum, dorsal half of lateral face of pronotum, mesonotum laterally, dorsal half of mesopleuron, propodeal dorsum laterally, lateral face of propodeum, T1 medially, disc of T2 (except over integumental spots), fringe of T2���5 sublaterally, T6 (except pygidial plate) laterally, and S1���5: some specimens have the silvery-white areas better defined and somewhat denser than others, the head completely covered with silvery-white setae, and the mesosomal lines of silvery-white setae broader and longer. MALES. Integument black to brownish-black except mandibles partially reddish-brown. Body setae predominantly silvery-white varying in density, except following areas with black setae varying in density: propodeum posterolaterally; mesoscutum, axillar projections, scutellum basally, posterior half of T2, fringe of T2 partially, T5���7 (except pygidial plate) medially. Tibial spurs yellowish-white. Wings mostly light brown infuscated, basal third hyaline, apical third conspicuously darker and with faint purplish reflections. Distribution. Colombia, Venezuela, French Guiana, and Ecuador. Material examined. (17♀, 25♂) Type material. Holotype of Traumatomutilla guayaca, ♀, ECUADOR, Esmeraldas, Parr. San Mateo (AMNH); holotype of T. tayguaya, ♀, Colombia, Valle Let. Ang. [sic] (AMNH). Additional material. VENEZUELA: 1♀ (MNHN); Bolivar, 50 km ESE [kilometers east by southeast of] Ciudad Bolivar, Santa Rita Ranch, 1♀, 19.VI���08.VII.1999, T. Alten (UCRC); Ribero, Cariaco, 1♀, Santschi (MNHN); Gu��rico, Hato Masaguaral, 44km S Calabozo, 1♀, 20���28.V.1985, Menke & Carpenter (EMUS); Aragua: 2 km N [kilometers North of] Ocumare de la Costa, 1♂, 31.III.1981, Hollenberg & Menke (USNM); Puerto de Cata, 3♂, 10.VI.1976, Vincent & Menke (USNM); Zulia, El Tucuco, 45 km SW [kilometers southwest of] Mathiques, 1♂, 5.VI.1976, Vincent & Menke (USNM); COLOMBIA: 6♂ (IAvH); Magdalena: 6♂ (IAvH); 26 km E [kilometers east of] Santa Maria, 2♂, 15.II.1979, R.C. Wilkerson (FSCA); Rio Frio, 1♂, 26.VII.1927, G. Salt (NHM); Meta, PNN La Macarena: Mesetes, 3��22���N 74��02���W, 580m [meters above sea level], 1♂, 23.XII.1993, F. Fernandez (IAvH); La Curia, 3��20���N 73��53���W, 550m [meters above sea level], 1♂, 25.XII.1995, F. Fernandez (IAvH); Res. [Reserva] La Naca Rena [La Macarena] Mpio [sic], 1♀, 17.VII.1988, W. Cubillos (AMNH); Res. [Reserva] Nat. [Natural] El Caduceo, H.C. [sic], Savanna, 03��40N 73��39���W 1400���[sic], 03���08.I.2012 (EMUS); Cord. [Cordillera] Macarena, 01���15.III.1976, M. Cooper (NHM); 1♀, 15���26.II.1976, M. Cooper (NHM); Bol��var, Sambrano [Zambrano], 2♀, VIII.1992, M. Andrea (AMNH); M. forestral [sic], 9��37���N 74��54���W, 10m [above the ground], 1♂, 23.IV.1993, F. Fernandez (IAvH); Guajira, Dibulla, 1♀, Forel (MNHN); Vichada, PNN [Parque Nacional Natural El] Tuparro, Cumarida, 315m [meters above sea level], 1♂, 30.XII.1998, W. Villalba (IAvH), Gaviotas, 15.X.1972, 1♀, R. Cortes (MIUP); Madre de Dios, PNN [Parque Nacional Natural] Tayrona Neguanje, 11��20���N 74��02���W, 10m [above the ground], 21.III���05.IV.2001, R. Henriquez (CSCA); Arauca, Tame., 2♀, 20���27.VII.1976, M. Cooper (NHM); FRENCH GUIANA, [Cayenne], Cayenne, 1♀ (MNHN). Remarks. There are four widespread species of the T. indica species-group in the northwestern Amazon, T. indica, T. selligera, T. parallela, and T. guayaca. After the sex associations of T. indica, T. selligera, and T. parallela were established (detailed in their respective remarks sections), the only members of this group left unassociated in the northwestern Amazon were T. guayaca and its previously undescribed male. Therefore, the sex association of T. guayaca was achieved through a process of elimination as well as repeated co-ocurrence in multiple Colombian and Brazilian areas. Additionally, T. guayaca is the only species of Traumatomutilla to be recorded west of the Andes in Ecuador, apart from T. vitelligera (Gerstaecker, 1874). The holotypes of T. guayaca and T. tayguaya were examined, compared, and found to be structurally identical differing only the mesosomal stripes of silvery-white setae which are broader and longer in T. tayguaya, and the head setae which is silvery-white only on the vertex in T. guayaca. Though this species also superficially resembles and can occur in the same areas as T. selligera, it is distinct when comparing the scutellar armature and sculpture of the lateral propodeal face in the females and in the scutellum of the males., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, Marcio L., 2022, Revision of the Traumatomutilla indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), pp. 1-97 in Zootaxa 5108 (1) on pages 34-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5108.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336862, {"references":["Casal, O. H. (1969) Sobre Traumatomutilla Andre (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae). Physis, 28 (77), 279 - 298.","Gerstaecker, A. (1874) Mutillarum Americae meridionalis indigenarum synopsis systematica et synonymica. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 40, 41 - 77 + 299 - 328."]}

Traumatomutilla angustata (André, 1906) (Figs 2-4) Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) angustata André, 1906: 43. Traumatomutilla angustata – Casal 1969: 286. — Nonveiller 1990: 75. Traumatomutilla rastra Casal, 1969: 285, n. syn. TYPE MATERIAL. — Syntypes of M. angustata . Brazil • ♀; Brasilia [Brazil]; Rio Grande [do Sul]; id. 153106, Hym. coll.; HNHM • ♀; Bresil [Brazil]; Rio Grande do Sul; MNHN (examined). Holotype of T. rastra . Brazil • ♀; S. [Santa] Catarina, Nova Teutônia; IV.1953, F. Plaumann leg.; AMNH_IZC 00323269; AMNH (examined). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Argentina • 1 ♀; Corrientes, Ituzaingo; I.1985, M. A. Fritz leg.; AMNH • 1 ♀; Entre Rios; 5.XII.1996 − 15.I.1997; L. Caire leg.; MIUP • 1 ♀; Misiones, Puerto Esperanza; X.1978; M. A. Fritz leg.; AMNH. Brazil • 1♀; Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre; CESC • 1 ♀; Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia; MNCN • 2 ♀; XI.1968; F. Plaumann leg.; DGMC, PMNH • 1 ♀; Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia; 5.IV.1941; MNRJ. DIAGNOSIS. — Female. In lateral view propodeum evenly convex throughout, dorsal face rounded into posterior face; lateral face of propodeum predominantly foveolate-punctate, most intervals smaller than foveolae diameter. Male. Unknown. DISTRIBUTION. Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina) and Argentina (Corrientes, Entre Rios, and Misiones). DESCRIPTION Female Body length. 10-12 mm. Head (Figs 2A, C; 3A, C; 4A, C). Posterior margin almost straight. Occipital carina conspicuously equally wide throughout. Vertex width 0.9 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular, its height in frontal view 1.5 × the distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Head sculpture partially obscured by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate with smooth rounded intervals where visible. Mandible with conspicuous subapical tooth. Ventral margin of clypeus raised and emarginated medially. Dorsal scrobal carina present, connected to lateral scrobal carina. Antennal tubercle finely, sparsely, and irregularly rugose to micropunctate. Flagellomere 1: 2.0 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2: 1.3 × pedicel length. Mesosoma (Figs 2A, C; 3A, C; 4A, C). Dorsal thoracic length slightly longer than width. Mesosomal dorsum densely and coarsely areolate-punctate, with smooth rounded intervals and clear medial longitudinal carina from anterior margin of mesonotum to dorsal face of propodeum; carina less defined posterad. Anterior face of pronotum poorly defined, short, shorter than pronotal collar, vestigially and coarsely striated longitudinally with interspersed scattered punctures; dorsal face roundly angulate into anterior face in lateral view. Humeral carina well-defined, separated from well-defined raised epaulet, anterolateral corners of pronotum angulate in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle almost flat against lateral margin of pronotum. Lateral face of pronotum densely foveolate-punctate; sculpture of mesopleuron and metapleuron completely obscured by dense setation, except smooth and unsculptured dorsal fourth of metapleuron. Lateral face of propodeum with sculpture densely foveolate-punctate, intervals smooth and shining predominantly less than width of surrounding sculpture. Ratios of widths of mesosoma at humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum immediately posterior to propodeal spiracles, 64:76:71:52:50. Lateral margin of mesonotum inconspicuously constricted anterior to propodeal spiracle, slightly diverging anterad. Propodeal spiracle slightly pronounced from lateral margin of mesosoma; post-spiracular area indistinguishable. Scutellar scale and anterolateral carinae absent; scabrous intervals absent on scutellar area. Propodeum conspicuously elongate, dorsal face much longer than and poorly differentiated from posterior face. Metasoma (Figs 2A, C; 3A, C; 4A, C). Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 30:67:66. Disc of T2 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to punctate with dense interspersed micropunctures; foveolae sparser and micropunctures absent laterally and over integumental spots. T3–6 sculpture, except pygidial plate, predominantly concealed by dense setation, sparsely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to simply punctate with dense interspersed micropunctures where visible; pygidial plate broadly subpyriform, defined by strong, projected, flange-like lateral carinae at apical fourth of plate; surface mostly irregularly rugose; interstice apparently granulose. S1 sparsely punctured, surface wedge-like, ending in a rounded longitudinal carina, equally high throughout. S2 densely foveolate-punctate, punctures slightly sparser posterad; anteromedial crest-fold almost absent. S3–6 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate with sparse micropunctures at S3–4; sculpture denser on S6. Male Unknown. Coloration and variations Female (Figs 2A, C; 3A, C; 4A, C). Integument black to brownish-black except for mandibles and antennal flagella partially reddish-brown, and T2 with a pair of large subcircular orange to reddish integumental spots. Body setae predominantly silvery-yellow to golden varying in density, except for the following areas with black to brownish-black setae varying in density: gena, malar space, and ventral half of frons; pronotal dorsum, anterior half of mesonotum, propodeal dorsum medially, and femora apicodorsally; T1 medially, disc of T2 (except over integumental spots), fringe of T2 medially, fringe of T3–4 sublaterally (medial area of silvery-golden setae on T3 sometimes greatly reduced), fringe of T5 laterallly, and S6. Vertex with or without a medial spot of silvery-yellow setae. Male. Unknown. REMARK Traumatomutilla angustata specimens have a single inconspicuous difference in relation to specimens of T. diophthalma which is the propodeum somewhat simply sloping posterad in lateral view (Figs 2C; 3C; 4C) as opposed to the more angulate propodeum of T. diophthalma (Fig. 7B). This propodeal structure is also seen in T. rastra, which differs from T. angustata by having the transverse band of silvery setae on the vertex reduced to a medial spot; the longitudinal setae markings of the mesonotum are linear instead of oblique as in T. angustata; and the fringe of T3 has medial spot of silvery setae instead of being completely black as in T. angustata. Such characters have been revealed as polymorphic within other Traumatomutilla species (Bartholomay et al. 2019a). The remaining structural features of T. angustata (including T. rastra n. syn.), are identical to those of T. diophthalma. ; Since the few differences between T. angustata and T. rastra are restricted to minor color and setae characters which are highly variable within Traumatomutilla, we propose T. rastra as a junior synonym of T. angustata., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, Marcio L., 2021, Revision of the Traumatomutilla gemella species-group (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) with the description of its hitherto unknown males, pp. 1-28 in Zoosystema 43 (1) on pages 5-9, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a1, http://zenodo.org/record/4450613, {"references":["ANDRE E. 1906. - Nouvelles especes de Mutillides d'Amerique. (Hym.). Zeitschrift fur Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie 6: 33 - 48, 65 - 80, 161 - 169.","CASAL O. H. 1969. - Sobre Traumatomutilla Andre (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae). Physis 28 (77): 279 - 298.","NONVEILLER G. 1990. - Catalogue of the Mutillidae, Myrmosidae and Bradynobaenidae of the Neotropical Region including Mex-ico (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Hymenopterorum Catalogus. Nova Editio. 18. SPB Academic Publishing, Den Haag, 150 p.","BARTHOLOMAY P. R., WILLIAMS K. A., LOPEZ V. M. & OLIVEIRA M. L. 2019 a. - Revision of the Traumatomutilla americana species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Zootaxa 4608 (1): 1 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4608.1.1"]}

Traumatomutilla peismatara Bartholomay & Cambra n. sp. (Figs 12; 13) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A81135F0-A309-4550-A7CB-0444A92A3F1C Traumatomutilla peismatara – Bartholomay & Cambra in Bartholomay 2019: 101. ETYMOLOGY. — From the Greek peismatára, meaning “stubborn, headstrong”, in reference to PRB’s initial stubborn denial of RAC’s conclusion that this was indeed a new species with the males from Acre state as their corresponding opposite sex. Treat as an adjective in the nominative singular. TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Peru • 1 ♀; Loreto, Pucallpa; 02.X.1953; J. M. Schunke leg.; BMNH. Paratypes. Peru • 1 ♀; MNHN-EY-EY26102 • 1 ♀; Loreto, 80 km NE [kilometers northeast of] Iquitos, Yanamono River, Explorama Lodge; 7.XI.1990; R. Cambra & D. Quintero leg.; MIUP • 1 ♀; Madre de Dios, Reserva Manu, Estacion Pakitza; 1-2.VII.1993; R. Cambra leg.; MIUP • 1 ♀; Manu N. P. [National Park], Colapa, nr. [near] Cocha Cashu; 1992; MIUP. Brazil • 4 ♂; Amazonas, Rio Javari, Estirão do Equador; M. Alvarenga leg.; AMNH • 1♂; Acre, Senador Guiomard, F. E. [Fazenda Experimental] Catuaba; 06-26.IX.2016; J. A. Rafael & E. F. Morato leg.; INPA. DIAGNOSIS. — Female. Lateral face of propodeum sparsely sculptured, with large smooth and shining areas, dorsal face of propodeum almost flat with mesonotum, sharply angled in relation to posterior face, with conspicuous elevation on posterior margin of dorsal face, head setae entirely silvery-white. Male. Pronotal dorsum not concealed by dense appressed setation and without micropunctures, lateral face of propodeum without conspicuous areas of dense appressed setae, posterior margin of hypopygium projected medially and laterally, medial projection shorter than lateral ones. DISTRIBUTION. — Peru (Loreto, Ucayali, Madre de Dios). DESCRIPTION Female Body length. 12 mm. Head (Fig. 12A, B). Posterior margin almost straight. Occipital carina evenly wide throughout and smoothly curved dorsolaterally. Vertex width 0.9 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular, its height in frontal view 1.4 × the distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Head densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to areolate-punctate, with broad longitudinal carina extending medially from posterior margin of vertex to middle of front. Mandible with conspicuous subapical tooth. Dorsal scrobal carina well-defined, irregular, separated from antennal tubercles and irregular lateral scrobal carina. Antennal tubercle finely and irregularly rugose. Flagellomere 1: 1.75 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2: 1.5 × pedicel length. Mesosoma (Fig. 12A, B). Dorsal thoracic length slightly smaller than mesosomal widht. Mesosomal dorsum densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate. Anterior face of pronotum defined, short, its height equal to pronotal collar length, vestigially and coarsely striated longitudinally; laterobasally with interspersed scattered punctures; unsculptured, smooth, shining mediobasally; dorsal face roundly angulate into anterior face in lateral view. Humeral carina well-defined, slightly projected dorsally, broadly separated from well-defined raised subangulate epaulet; anterolateral corners of pronotum sharply angulate in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle almost flat against lateral margin of pronotum. Sculpture of lateral face of pronotum almost concealed by dense setation; mesopleuron and metapleuron sculpture concealed by dense setation, except dorsal fourth of metapleuron unsculptured, smooth, shining. Lateral face of propodeum sparsely and shallowly areolate-punctate throughout; sculpture larger and denser posterad, smaller anterad, with large and conspicuous unsculptured, smooth and shining areas. Ratios of widths of mesosoma at humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum immediately posterior to propodeal spiracles. Lateral margin of mesonotum simply divergent anterior to propodeal spiracle, slightly diverging anterad. Propodeal spiracle almost flat against lateral margin of mesosoma; post-spiracular area absent. Scutellar scale and anterolateral carinae absent; scabrous intervals absent on scutellar area. Propodeum conspicuously elongate, dorsal face much longer than and well differentiated from posterior face; dorsal face with conspicuous tubercle-like medial elevation at posterior margin, thus sharply differentiated from posterior margin in lateral view. Metasoma (Fig. 12A, B). Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 33:72:66. Disc of T2 sparselyy and coarsely foveolate-punctate with dense interspersed micropunctures; foveolae sparser and micropunctures absent laterally and over integumental spots.T3–5 sculpture predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to simply punctate with dense interspersed micropunctures where visible; T6, except pygidial plate, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate; pygidial plate broadly subpyriform, defined by strong, projected, flange-like lateral carinae at apical fourth of plate; surface with predominant longitudinal, coarse and confused rugosities, interstice granulose.. S1 sparsely punctured, surface wedge-like, ending in a rounded longitudinal carina, conspicuously higher anteriorly. S2 sparsely foveolate-punctate, foveolae sparser and smaller anterad; anteromedial crest-fold vestigial. S3–4 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate with dense micropunctures; S5–6 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate. Male Body length. 12 mm. Head (Fig. 13A). Transversely subrectangular with posterolateral angles rounded in dorsal view. Vertex width 0.9 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular. Ocelli small; OOD 3.4 × DLO, IOD 0.8 × DLO. Occipital carina distinct. Head surface densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate; interspersed micropunctures present along posterior margin, genae, and malar space. Gena ecarinate. Antennal scrobe concave to eye margin, with prominent transverse dorsal scrobal carina. Clypeus concave laterally immediately below antennal insertion, conspicuously convex medially; predominantly obscured by dense setation, coarsely and densely punctate to micropunctate where visible; apical/ventral margin with a pair of closely space short blunt tooth-like projections medially. Scape bicarinate. Flagellomere 1: 1.6 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2: 2.2 × pedicel length. Mandible obliquely tridentate apically, inner and middle teeth almost equal, greatly reduced; lacking dorsal or ventral projections. Mesosoma (Fig. 13A). Epaulets well defined, slightly projected from anterior margin of pronotum, subangulate, broadly separated from humeral carina, anterolateral angles of pronotum subrounded. Anterior face of pronotum sparsely punctate with interspersed micropunctations laterally, almost unsculptured, smooth, and shining elsewhere; slightly longitudinally depressed medially.Tegula convex, mostly glabrous and impunctate except for dense coarse punctures on anterior and inner margin. Mesoscutum densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate, notaulus and parapsis present, reduced to posterior half of mesoscutum; with medial longitudinal carina on posterior half. Scutellum convex, subglobose, with somewhat definable dorsal and posterior carina; densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate; with longitudinal carina medially formed by aligned intervals on dorsal face. Axilla produced posterolaterally as acute projections, with conspicuous flat coarsely and densely foveolate-punctate dorsal surface, except apically and along outer margin unsculptured. Metanotum almost equally wide throughout, its surface obscured by dense setation. Propodeal dorsum convex, densely areolate; lateral face densely areolate posterad to foveolate anterad; dorsal face rounded into and poorly distinguished from posterior face. Lateral face of pronotum sparsely and coarsely foveolate-punctate with interspersed dense micropunctures; mesopleuron slightly swollen on dorsal half, without any or projections; sculpture densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate; foveolae sparser anterad and posterad, micropunctures present anteriorly. Metapleuron predominantly micropunctured to unsculptured, smooth and shining, except for vestigial foveolation and rugosities on dorsal and ventral fifths. Wings (Fig. 13A). Fore wing with elongate sclerotized pterostigma; marginal cell elongated, truncate apically; three submarginal cells; dark brown, slightly but conspicuously lighter on basal third. Legs (Fig. 13A). Simply setose, no strong spines discernible dorsally; spurs finely serrate on margins. Metasoma (Fig. 13A). T1 0.5 × as wide as T2. T2 length 0.8 × its width. Dorsal metasomal sculpture partially concealed by dense setation, sparsely and coarsely punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible; pygidial plate concave, posterior margin conspicuously curved upward; surface predominantly smooth, shining, with vestigial undefined sculpture apically; weakly defined by parallel carinae apicolaterally. S1 longitudinally elevated medially, ending in blunt low, slightly concave carina. S2 sparsely and finely foveolate-punctate to punctate, with interspersed micropunctations on anterior third, foveolae conspicuously sparser posterad; anteromedial crest-fold almost absent; sternal pit absent. S3–4 sparsely and finely foveolate-punctate with interspersed micropunctures; S5–7 sparsely foveolate-punctate. S7 longer than broad, with conspicuous medial longitudinal unsculptured area; posterior margin projected apicolaterally, simply convex and shorter than lateral corners medially. Genitalia (Fig. 13 B-F). Parapenial lobe not at all pronounced posteriorly, simply rounded. Ratios of free length of paramere, cuspis and digitus, 48:24:11; paramere slightly sinuous in dorsal view, upcurved posteriorly in lateral view; with dense setae ventrally at anterior half; cuspis short, stout, slightly swollen medially and narrower posterad in lateral view; narrower posterad and almost straight in dorsal view; abruptly curved dorsally in wide angle at anterior third; with dense conspicuous, strongly sinuous setae on ventral surface, except at anterior third with simple short setae; dorsal surface with overall inconspicuous simple short setae; paracuspis well-developed, not sessile, slightly elongate longitudinally, subrounded at posterior margin, densely setose along posterodorsal margin, setae predominantly shorter than or as short as paracuspis; digitus short, slightly curved inward in dorsal view and slightly upcurved in lateral view, sparsely setose dorsally at base; penis valve strongly concave on internal surface, with closely spaced pair of short teeth posteroventrally; posterior tooth acute, subposterior tooth subacute, lateral pocket present on outer margin; distance between apex of teeth 0.1 × length of valve; dense setae present along truncate, flat posterior margin and inconspicuous short setae present at base of subposterior tooth on outer surface. Coloration and variations Female (Fig. 12A, B). Integument black to brownish-black except mandibles and antennal flagella partially reddish-brown, and T2 with a pair of subcircular orange integumental spots. Body setae predominantly silvery-white varying in density except the following areas with black to brownish-black setae varying in density: pronotum medially, mesonotum anteromedially, scutellar area, propodeum medially, disc of T2 (except over integumental spots), and fringe of T2–3 sublaterally. The posterior transverse area of silvery-white setae on the mesonotum varies from broadly interrupted by black setae medially to complete. Male (Fig. 13A). Integument black. Wings predominantly dark-brown infuscated, except basal third hyaline brown with blackish veins; with strong violaceous/blueish reflections.Body setae predominantly silvery-white varying in density except the following areas with black setae varying in density: vertex anteriorly, ocellar area, dorsal half of front, gena dorsally; pronotum predominantly, mesoscutum, axillar projections, mesoscutellum, mesopleuron anterodorsally, dorsal third of propodeal dorsum; dorsal and external surfaces of tibiae, femora apicodorsally; T2 disc (except anterior third), fringe of T2–5 medially, T6–7 (except pygidial plate asetose), S6 partially, and S7. REMARKS Females of T. peismatara Bartholomay & Cambra n. sp. are structurally similar to those of T. diophthalma, but differ mainly in features of the propodeum, namely the overall shape of the dorsal propodeal face and its relation with the mesonotum in lateral view. This small difference originally raised doubts about the validity of this new species and it was initially considered a variation of T. diophthalma. After the sex association of T. chuza, T. diophthalma, and T. gemella, a fourth male morphospecies remained that could not be properly placed within any of the known species, especially because of the structural differences observed in the hypopygium. These males were all collected in Amazonian areas that are relatively close to the Peruvian distribution of T. peismatara Bartholomay & Cambra n. sp. and in areas where no other females of the T. gemella species-group were found. Based on this, morphological features, and similar distribution, we hypothesize that the females of T. peismatara Bartholomay & Cambra n. sp. represent a distinct species and the males collected in the far west of the Brazilian Amazon are conspecific with those females., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, Marcio L., 2021, Revision of the Traumatomutilla gemella species-group (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) with the description of its hitherto unknown males, pp. 1-28 in Zoosystema 43 (1) on pages 22-26, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a1, http://zenodo.org/record/4450613

Traumatomutilla diophthalma (Klug, 1821) (Figs 7; 8) Mutilla diophthalma Klug, 1821: 318. Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) diophthalma – André 1902: 55. Traumatomutilla diophthalma – André 1904: 40. Traumatomutilla diopthalma [sic] – Williams et al. 2017: 8. TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Brazil [Brasilien] • ♀; Bahia; Freireyss S. leg.; ZMB 141/6; ZMB (examined). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Panama • 2 ♀; Panama Prov. [Province], Chorrera, corregimiento Playa Leona, orilla río Perequete; 19−20.III.1991; R. Cambra leg.; MIUP • 2 ♀; Panama Prov. [Province], Chorrera, Llano largo; 26−29.III.1990; A. Mena leg.; INPA, MIUP • 1 ♀; Panama Prov. [Province], Parque Nacional Soberania, Camino de Cruces; 17.II.1998; R. Cambra & A. Santos leg.; MIUP • 1 ♂, reared in laboratory; MIUP • 1 ♂; Chica; 1-25.X.2013; Malaise trap; Y. Cheng leg.; INPA • 1♀; Cocle Prov. [Province], Valle de Anton; 6.VII.1991; R. Contreras leg.; MIUP • 1 ♀; Cocle Prov. [Province], Valle de Anton; 13.VII.1991; J. Coronado leg.; MIUP • 1 ♀; Cocle Prov. [Province], Valle de Anton; 9-10.I.1991; J. Coronado leg.; INPA • 1 ♂; Colon Prov. [Province], Gamboa; 16-30.IV.2016; Malaise trap; Lezcano & Estrada leg.; INPA. Colombia • 1 ♂; Magdalena, P.N. N. [Parque Nacional Natural] Tayron, Neguanje; 11°20’N, 74°02’W; 10m [sic]; 28.VII.2001; R. Henriquez leg.; IAvH. Venezuela • 1♀; Falcon, Yaracal; 19.VII.1986; L. Joly leg.; MIUP • 1 ♀, Cojedes, Hato Piñero, cr. [circa] El Baul; 3-10.IX.1994; J. Lattke leg.; INPA. Brazil • 1 ♀; BMNH. Pará • 1 ♀; BMNH • 1♀; Pará, Ponta de Pedras; 27.X.1982; M. F. Torres leg.; MPEG • 1 ♀; Pará, Santarém; IV.1919, S. M. Klages leg.; (Label: Traumatomutilla diophthalma (Cresson, nec Klug, det. Mickel 1953); MIUP • 1♂; Pará, E. [east of] Araguaia; 19-31.I.1983; J. A. Rafael leg.; MIUP • 1 ♂; Pará, Serra Norte, Manganês; 06-09. IX.1985; Márcio Zanuto leg.; MPEG • 1 ♀; Mato Grosso do Sul, Cotriguaçú, -9.84’31.39’’S, -58.26’26.29’’W, 245 [sic]; 20.IX.206; G. Araújo leg.; UFMT • 1 ♀; Goiás, Serranópolis, S-21 J0799057 TEC1 [sic]; 10-15.I.2007; INPA. Paraguay • 1♀; Caaguazu, Ypau Señorita; 13.XII.2001; U. Dreschel leg.; FSCA • 1 ♀; Caaguazu, Zudañez; XII.1948; UMMZ • 1♀; Concepción, Parque Nacional Paso Bravo, Santa Sofia; 22°19’20”S, 57°10’12”W; 28.X.2002; B. Garcete leg.; MIUP • 1 ♀; Paraguari, Parque Nacional Ybycui; 151 m [above sea level]; 26°04’ S, 56°50’ W; 4-16.X.2004; B. Garcete leg.; MIUP • 1 ♀; Canindeyu, R.N. B. [Reserva Nacional Bosque] Mbaracayu, Jejui-mi; 10-14.I.1997; B. Garcete leg.; MIUP. DIAGNOSIS. — Female. T2 with subcircular pair of integumental spots; lateral face of propodeum usually with sculpture sparse anterodorsad, lacking micropunctures; dorsal face of propodeum sloping posterad, conspicuously elevated posteromedially, sharply angulate into posterior face. Male. Pronotum clothed with sparse setae, integument visible; body setae with overall silvery-white tone; dorsum of propodeum with dense areas of appressed silvery-white setae at least anterolaterally. DISTRIBUTION. Panama (Panama, Cocle, and Colon), Colombia (Magdalena), Venezuela (Falcon and Cojedes), Brazil (Pará, Bahia, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Goiás), and Paraguay (Caaguazu, Concepción, Paraguari, and Canindeyu). DESCRIPTION Female Body length. 13 mm. Head (Fig. 7A, B). Posterior margin almost straight. Occipital carina evenly wide throughout. Vertex width 0.85 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular, its height in frontal view 1.6 × the distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Head densely coarsely and confusedly, areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate; with conspicuous broad smooth intervals on front; sculpture denser and coarser on vertex. Genal carina present. Mandible oblique, tapering slightly apicad, conspicuously bidentate, unarmed ventrally. Dorsal scrobal carina well defined, not reaching antennal tubercles; lateral scrobal carinae present, connected to dorsal carina. Antennal tubercles irregularly rugose. Flagellomere 1: 2.0 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2: 1.55 × pedicel length. Mesosoma (Fig. 7A, B). Dorsal thoracic length almost as long as mesosomal width. Mesosomal dorsum densely and coarsely areolate-punctate with smooth rounded intervals; sculpture overall slightly larger laterally on pronotum. Humeral carina present, narrowly disconnected from slightly produced subangulate epaulet; anterolateral corners of pronotum angulate in dorsal view. Anterior face of pronotum defined, short, shorter than pronotal collar, vestigially and coarsely striated longitudinally basad, with coarse dense punctures dorsad; dorsal face roundly angulate into anterior face in lateral view. Pronotal spiracle almost flat against lateral margin of pronotum. Lateral face of pronotum sparsely foveolate-punctate with interspersed micropunctures; mesopleuron sculpture, micropunctate anteriorly, sparsely and vestigially foveolatepunctate along mesopleural ridge; metapleuron sculpture almost completely concealed by dense setation, except dorsal fourth smooth, unsculptured; with dense coarse longitudinal rugosities on dorsal margin anterior to propodeal spiracle. Lateral face of propodeum sparsely foveolate-punctate,intervals smooth and shining predominantly as wide as surrounding sculpture. Ratios of widths of mesosoma at humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum immediately posterior to propodeal spiracles. Lateral margin of mesonotum marginally constricted anterior to propodeal spiracle, slightly diverging anterad. Propodeal spiracle inconspicuously pronounced from lateral margin of mesosoma; post-spiracular area present. Scutellar scale and anterolateral carinae absent; scabrous intervals absent on scutellar area. Propodeum conspicuously elongate, dorsal face much longer than and well differentiated from posterior face. Metasoma (Fig. 7A, B). Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 30:68:67. Disc of T2 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to punctate with dense interspersed micropunctures; foveolae sparser and micropunctures absent laterally and over integumental spots. T3–6 sculpture, except pygidial plate, predominantly concealed by dense setation, sparsely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to simply punctate with dense interspersed micropunctures where visible; micropunctures sparser on T5, absent on T6; pygidial plate subpyriform, defined by strong, projected, flange-like lateral carinae at apical fourth of plate; surface predominantly with irregular longitudinal rugosities; interstice apparently granulose. S1 sparsely punctured, surface wedge-like, ending in a rounded longitudinal slightly concave carina. S2 sparsely foveolatepunctate, sculpture sparser posterad; anteromedial crest-fold almost absent. S3–6 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate with sparse micropunctures at S3–4; sculpture denser and micropunctures absent on S6. Male (hitherto unknown). Body length. 12-12.5 mm. Head (Fig. 8A). Transversely subrectangular with posterolateral angles rounded in dorsal view. Width 0.88 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular. Ocelli small; OOD 3.4 × DLO, IOD 1.5 × DLO. Occipital carina distinct. Head surface densely and coarsely punctate. Gena ecarinate. Antennal scrobe concave to eye margin, with prominent transverse dorsal scrobal carina. Clypeus concave laterally immediately below antennal insertion, conspicuously convex medially; coarsely and densely punctate to micropunctate; apical medial margin slightly concave, with a small denticle on each side of the concavity. Scape bicarinate. Flagellomere 1: 2.05 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2: 2.3 × pedicel length. Mandible obliquely tridentate apically, inner tooth slightly larger than middle tooth; lacking dorsal or ventral projections. Mesosoma (Fig. 8A). Epaulets well defined, slightly projected from anterior margin of pronotum, broadly separated from humeral carina, anterolateral angles of pronotum rounded. Anterior face of pronotum sparsely punctate with interspersed micropunctations laterally, with a conspicuous smooth unsculptured area. Tegula convex, mostly glabrous and impunctate except for dense coarse punctures on anterior third and along inner margin. Mesoscutum densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate, notaulus absent, parapsis vestigial, reduced to posterior half of mesoscutum. Scutellum convex, densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate; with longitudinal irregular carina medially formed by aligned intervals. Axilla produced posterolaterally as acute projections in dorsal view, with conspicuous flat coarsely and densely foveolate-punctate dorsal surface. Metanotum slightly wider laterally, its surface obscured by dense setation. Propodeal dorsum convex, partially concealed by dense setation, densely areolate where visible; lateral face densely and coarsely areolate, areolations less defined anterad; dorsal face rounded into and poorly distinguished from posterior face. Lateral face of pronotum densely coarsely and confusedly punctate to micropunctate; mesopleura slightly swollen on dorsal half, without any or projections; mesopleural sculpture densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate with interspersed micropunctures anteriorly. Metapleuron foveolate-punctate ventrally, micropunctate to smooth dorsally. Wings (Fig. 8A). Fore wing with elongate sclerotized pterostigma; marginal cell elongated and with Rs convex, not truncate apically; three submarginal cells; dark brown, slightly but conspicuously lighter on basal third. Legs (Fig. 8A). Simply setose, no strong spines discernible dorsally; spurs finely serrate on margins. Metasoma (Fig. 8A). T1 0.48 × as wide as T2.T2 length 0.72 × its width. Dorsal metasomal sculpture partially concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible; pygidial plate irregularly and vestigially rugose, weakly defined by parallel carinae apicolaterally. S1 longitudinally elevated medially, slightly pronounced carina lower medially. S2 sparsely foveolate-punctate to punctate, interspersed micropunctations present anterolaterally, foveolae conspicuously sparser and larger posterad; with vestigial longitudinal anteromedial crest-fold; sternal pit absent. S3–5 sparsely and coarsely foveolate-punctate with interspersed micropunctures; S6–7 sparsely foveolate-punctate. S7 longer than broad, posterior margin projected laterally and medially, medial projection terminating in a pair of very small subacute closely spaced tooth-like on posterior margin. Genitalia (Fig. 8 B-F). Parapenial lobe not at all pronounced posteriorly, simply rounded. Ratios of free length of paramere, cuspis and digitus, 53:31:14; paramere slightly sinuous in dorsal view, upcurved posteriorly in lateral view; with dense setae ventrally at anterior half; cuspis short, stout, slightly swollen medially and narrower posterad in lateral view; narrower posterad and almost straight in dorsal view; abruptly curved dorsally in wide angle at anterior third; with dense conspicuous, strongly sinuous setae on ventral surface, except at anterior third with simple short setae; dorsal surface with overall inconspicuous simple short setae; paracuspis welldeveloped, not sessile, slightly elongate vertically, subrounded at posterior margin, densely setose along posterodorsal margin, setae predominantly shorter than or as short as paracuspis; digitus short, slightly curved inward in dorsal view and slightly upcurved in lateral view, inconspicuously setose basodorsally; penis valve strongly concave on inner surface, with closely spaced pair of short teeth posteroventrally; posterior tooth acute, subposterior tooth rounded, with lateral pocket present on outer surface; apical distance between teeth 0.1 × length of valve; dense setae present along posterior margin and inconspicuous short setae present at base of subposterior tooth on outer surface. Coloration and variations Female (Fig. 7A, B). Integument black, except mandibles and antennal flagella partially reddish-brown and T2 with a pair of orange subcircular integumental spots which vary slightly in size. Body setae predominantly silvery-white varying in density, except the following areas with black setae varying in density: front, genae; pronotal dorsum, mesonotum medially, scutellar area, propodeal dorsum medially; T1 medially, disc of T2 (except integumental spots), fringe of T2–5 sublaterally, T6 laterally, and S6. Male (Fig. 8A). Integument black, with mandibles and flagella partially reddish-brown. Head mostly with dense white setae except sparse, erect and large, black setae on postero-lateral areas of vertex and near inner eye margins; pronotum dorsum, mesoscutum, axillar projections, scutellum and tegula with black setae; dorsum of propodeum with sparse white setae, dense and decumbent antero-laterally; pronotum lateral face with white setae; mesopleura with sparse black setae near tegula other area with sparse white setae; propodeum lateral face with sparse white setae; legs with white setae except apex of meso and metafemora dorsally with black setae, T1 with white setae, dense and decumbent on dorsal face; T2 to T7 with black setae except anterior third and narrow lateral area of T2, narrow apical fringe of T2, narrow lateral areas of T3–4 with white setae; S1 to S4 with white setae; S5–S6 with white and black setae, S7 with black setae. HOSTS Hymenoptera: Apoidea Latreille, 1802: Sphecidae Latreille, 1802: Podium sp. (in laboratory); Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Crabronidae Latreille, 1802: Trypoxylon sp. (in situ). Host association: wooden trap nests were placed in a forested area in Panama by RAC for two weeks (17-31.II.1998), after which one of the nests was found to be occupied and the entrance closed with resin. The occupied trap was taken to the lab at MIUP and both halves of the nest were separated revealing a Podium Fabricius, 1804 larva. The nest was once again closed so the larvae could pupate. Once the larvae reached the pupa stage, a female of T. diophthalma was placed inside the nest using forceps and the entrance was once again closed leaving the mutillid locked inside the nest for 24 hours, after which the female was removed. Approximately 30 days later a male of T. diophtalma emerged. Additionally, one female of T. diopthalma emerged from a species of Trypoxylon Latreille, 1797 in trap-nests placed at Amazonian forest areas in Cotriguaçú, Mato Grosso state, Brazil from August to July of 2017 by Gustavo Júnior de Araújo as part of his PhD fieldwork. REMARKS This species is, to the best of our knowledge, the most widely distributed in the genus, being found from Paraguay and Mid-western Brazil to Panama. Its distribution, however, is remarkably “patchy” in between these extremes. It is not clear whether this is due to lack of sampling or its range being indeed disjunct, interrupted near the Amazon and resumed further South. The latter would be a novel distribution for Traumatomutilla, since most species seem to be widespread and common across large areas – e.g. T. ocellaris (Klug, 1821) which is found from Argentina to the southern edges of the Amazonian Forest – or restricted to certain types of environments like T. bifurca (Klug, 1821) in the Caatinga and T. guarata Casal, 1969 in the Atlantic Forest., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, Marcio L., 2021, Revision of the Traumatomutilla gemella species-group (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) with the description of its hitherto unknown males, pp. 1-28 in Zoosystema 43 (1) on pages 13-17, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a1, http://zenodo.org/record/4450613, {"references":["KLUG J. C. F. 1821. - Entomologiae brasilianae specimen. - Nova Acta Academica Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae 10 (2): 305 - 324. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 37020787","ANDRE E. 1902. - Fam. Mutillidae, in WYTSMAN P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles. Fasc. 11: 1 - 77.","ANDRE E. 1904. - Examen critique d'une nouvelle classification proposee par M. le Dr W. H. Ashmead pour la famille des Mutillides. Revue d'Entomologie 23 (1): 27 - 41.","WILLIAMS K. A., BARTHOLOMAY P. R. & OLIVEIRA M. L. 2017. - Species groups of Traumatomutilla Andre (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Insecta Mundi 0533: 1 - 33.","FABRICIUS J. C. 1804. - Mutilla, in: Systema Piezatorum: secundum Ordines, Genera, Species adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Observationibus, Descriptionibus. Brunsvigae: 428 - 439. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12548","LATREILLE P. A. 1797. - Precis des Caracteres generiques des Insectes, disposes dans un Ordre naturel. Brive, Paris. I-XIV, 1 - 201 + 7 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58411","CASAL O. H. 1969. - Sobre Traumatomutilla Andre (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae). Physis 28 (77): 279 - 298."]}

Genus Traumatomutilla André, 1901 Traumatomutilla gemella species-group DIAGNOSIS. — Females. Females of this species-group can be distinguished by a single autapomorphy: the pygidial plate with projected flange-like lateral carina restricted to apical fourth. The following combination of characters is unique to the T. gemella group females, though some characters may occur in other groups as well: body generally slender, elongate; head unarmed posterolaterally; clypeus shallowly but conspicuously bilobate on apical/ventral margin, longitudinally elevated medially; vertex and/or front frequently with medial longitudinal carina; pronotal collar with vestigial transverse rugosities anteriorly; anterior face of pronotum short, shorter than or as long as pronotal collar; lateral face of pronotum with subacute tubercle anteroventral in relation to pronotal spiracle; pronotal and propodeal spiracles almost flat against lateral margin of mesosoma; mesosoma almost straight laterally, at most slightly divergent anterad, not constricted anterior to propodeal spiracle; dorsal face of propodeum much longer than posterior face; scutellar scale and anterolateral carinae absent; scabrous intervals absent on scutellar area; and apex of middle and hind femora rounded. Males (hitherto unknown). The males can be distinguished by a unique genitalic autapomorphy: the cuspis is at most 0.6 × the length of the paramere, abruptly upcurved at midlength, with long twisted setae along the ventral surface of the apical half. The following combination of characters is unique to the T. gemella group males, though some characters may occur in other groups as well: integument black to reddish-black with contrasting black and silvery-white to silvery-golden setae patterns varying in density; head transversely subrectangular in dorsal view; parapsis and notaulus vestigial, restricted to posterior margin of mesoscutum; axilla pronounced as twisted oblique and acute projection; scutellum gibbose, without posterior transverse carina, frequently with weak medial longitudinal carina anteriorly; mesopleuron simply swollen on dorsal half, without any projections or tubercles; meso- and metafemora rounded apically; S2 without setae-filled pit; pygidial plate strongly concave apically, apical margin strongly deflected upward; hypopygium rectangular, longer than broad, latero-apical corners angulate and slightly projected. INCLUDED TAXA. — Traumatomutilla gemella (André, 1906) ♀, ♂; Traumatomutilla angustata (André, 1906) ♀; Traumatomutilla andrei (Cresson, 1902) ♀; Traumatomutilla chuza Casal, 1969 ♀, ♂; Traumatomutilla diophthalma (Klug, 1821) ♀, ♂; and Traumatomutilla peismatara Bartholomay & Cambra n. sp. ♀, ♂. DISTRIBUTION. — Panama and South America (except Chile). REMARKS At first glance, females of the T. gemella species-group are similar to those of the Dasymutilla paradoxa (Gerstaecker, 1874) species-group, which was recently revised by Luz et al. (2016). They differ in the presence of flange-like projections apicolaterally on the pygidial plate, absent in the D. paradoxa species-group, and the sub-petiolate T1 shape which is globose, subcylindrical in the D. paradoxa species-group. Additionally, females of the T. gemella species-group have only one pair of integumental spots on T2 while those of the D. paradoxa species-group have two pairs. Males of the T. gemella species-group can be easily separated by their axillae, which are produced posteriorly as short acute projections and the all black integument of T2; this contrasts with the axillar projections connected with the lateral margins of the mesoscutellum and T2 predominantly yellowish observed in males of the D. paradoxa species-group. Among the Traumatomutilla species-groups, there are no females that can be easily confused with those of the T. gemella species-group. There are males of the T. indica group that, as with the males of the T. gemella group, have the axillar projections acute and the mesopleuron unarmed. These, however, can be readily recognized by having a setae-filled pit on S2 and/or a relatively straight cuspis that lacks long sinuous setae., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, Marcio L., 2021, Revision of the Traumatomutilla gemella species-group (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) with the description of its hitherto unknown males, pp. 1-28 in Zoosystema 43 (1) on page 3, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a1, http://zenodo.org/record/4450613, {"references":["ANDRE E. 1901. - Descriptions de quelques especes et varietes nouvelles de Mutilles d'Amerique appartenant au Musee Civique de Genes. Zeitschrift fur Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie 1: 257 - 264.","ANDRE E. 1906. - Nouvelles especes de Mutillides d'Amerique. (Hym.). Zeitschrift fur Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie 6: 33 - 48, 65 - 80, 161 - 169.","CRESSON E. T. 1902. - Descriptions of some Brazilian Mutilla. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 28: 1 - 82.","CASAL O. H. 1969. - Sobre Traumatomutilla Andre (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae). Physis 28 (77): 279 - 298.","KLUG J. C. F. 1821. - Entomologiae brasilianae specimen. - Nova Acta Academica Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae 10 (2): 305 - 324. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 37020787","GERSTAECKER A. 1874. - Mutillarum Americae meridionalis indigenarum synopsis systematica et synonymica. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 40: 41 - 77, 299 - 328.","LUZ D. R., WILLIAMS K. A. & BARTHOLOMAY P. R. 2016. - The mutillid wasps of the Dasymutilla paradoxa species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Zootaxa 4193 (2): 361 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4193.2.10"]}

KEY TO THE KNOWN MALES OF THE TRAUMATOMUTILLA GEMELLA SPECIES- GROUP (UNKNOWN FOR T. ANGUSTATA AND T. ANDREI) 1. Pronotal dorsum predominantly concealed by dense setae, sculpture with conspicuous interspersed micropunctures where visible; pronotum clothed exclusively with silvery-white setae throughout (Fig. 6A)......................................................................................................................................................... T. chuza Casal, 1969. — Pronotal dorsum with mostly sparse, erect setae, sculpture without micropunctures or with inconspicuous micropunctures where visible clothed predominantly with black setae, at most with silvery-white setae medially on anterior margin (Figs 8A; 11A; 13A)...................................................................................................... 2 2. Lateral face of propodeum and metapleuron with conspicuous dense and decumbent silvery-golden setae throughout; head clothed almost exclusively with black setae; body setae with an overall silvery-golden tone (Fig. 11A)............................................................................................................... T. gemella (André, 1906). — Lateral face of propodeum and metapleuron at most with sparse scattered and erect silvery-white setae; head predominantly clothed with silvery-white setae, black setae restricted to ocellar area and/or most of vertex; body setae with an overall silvery-white tone (Figs 8A; 13A)................................................................................ 3 3. Posterior margin of hypopygium projected medially and laterally with medial projection simply convex and shorter than lateral projections; S2 sculpture with interspersed micropunctures anterolaterally; propodeal dorsum at most with sparse scattered and erect silvery-white setae anterolaterally (Fig. 13A)................................................................................................................................. T. peismatara Bartholomay & Cambra n. sp. — Posterior margin of hypopygium projected medially and laterally with medial projection blunt and longer than lateral projections; S2 simply foveolate-punctate throughout, without apparent interspersed micropunctures; propodeal dorsum densely clothed with appressed silvery-white setae anterolaterally (Fig. 8A)................................................................................................................................................ T. diophthalma (Klug, 1821)., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, Marcio L., 2021, Revision of the Traumatomutilla gemella species-group (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) with the description of its hitherto unknown males, pp. 1-28 in Zoosystema 43 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a1, http://zenodo.org/record/4450613, {"references":["CASAL O. H. 1969. - Sobre Traumatomutilla Andre (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae). Physis 28 (77): 279 - 298.","ANDRE E. 1906. - Nouvelles especes de Mutillides d'Amerique. (Hym.). Zeitschrift fur Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie 6: 33 - 48, 65 - 80, 161 - 169.","KLUG J. C. F. 1821. - Entomologiae brasilianae specimen. - Nova Acta Academica Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae 10 (2): 305 - 324. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 37020787"]}

Traumatomutilla chuza Casal, 1969 (Figs 5; 6) Traumatomutilla chuza Casal, 1969: 286. TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Brazil • ♀; Pará, Óbidos; VII.1953 José Brazilino leg.; AMNH_IZC 00323247; AMNH (examined). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — French Guiana • 1 ♂; [Cayenne], Bélizon; XI.2015; J. Giuglaris leg.; MIUP • 1 ♂; Matiti; V.2015, J. Giuglaris leg.; INPA. Colombia • 2♂; IAvH • 1♀; Amazonas, Leticia; 14-15.VIII.1974; M. Cooper leg.; BMNH • 1 ♀; Amazonas, La Chorrera; 02.VIII.1976; M. Cooper leg.; BMNH • 1 ♂; Bolivar, Zambrano; F. Fernandez leg.; AMNH. Brazil • 1 ♀, Amazonas, Lago Amana; 01.XI.1980; R. Best leg.; MIUP • 1 ♀; Amazonas, Manaus, Vicinal ZF 2 [Zona Franca], Km 34, trilha do igarapé em frente a base do Km 34; 22.VI.2012; J. A. Rafael leg.; INPA • 1 ♀; Amazonas, Manaus, Campus Universitário; 28.VII.1979; INPA • 2 ♂; Amazonas, Manaus, EMBRAPA [Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária] Amazônia Ocidental; 2012; K. Schoeninger leg.; INPA • 1 ♂; Amazonas, Novo Airão, AM 352, Km 68; 02°48’58’’S, 60°55’18’’W; 14-28.X.2016; J. A. Rafael & F. F. Xavier-Filho leg.; INPA • 1♀; Pará, Serra Norte, Mina de Manganês, Rio Azul; 27.VII.1983; W. L. Overal leg.; MPEG • 1 ♀; Pará, Serra Norte, Estrada Manganês; 15.V.1984; M. F. Torres leg.; MPEG • 1 ♂; Melgaço, ECFPn [Estação Científica Ferreira Pena] Caxiuanã, Mata da Sede; 16.XI.1998; O. Silveia & J. Pena leg.; MPEG • 1 ♀; Amapá, Mazagão, Fazendinha; 03.XII.1980; E. L. Oliveira leg.; MPEG • 3 ♂; Rondônia, 62 km SE [kilometers southeast of] Ariquemes; 08.XI.1994; W. J. Hanson leg.; EMUS • 2 ♂; Rondônia, 62 km SE [kilometers southeast of] Ariquemes; 01.XI.1997, B. K. Dozier leg.; EMUS • 1 ♂; Rondônia, 62 km SE [kilometers southeast of] Ariquemes; 22.X.1997; W. J. Hanson leg.; EMUS • 2 ♂, Rondônia, 62 km SE [kilometers southeast of] Ariquemes; 1.XI.1997; B. K. Dozier leg.; FSCA • 1 ♀; Rondônia, Itapuã D’Oeste, FLONA [Floresta Nacional] do Jamari; 7-15. VI.2013; Luz, D., Rosa, B., Williams, K. leg.; DZUP-299000; DZUP. Ecuador • 1♂, Sucumbios, Rio Napo, Sacha Lodge; 14.III.1994; EMUS. Bolivia • 1 ♂, Beni, Romansos [sic !], 1km N [kilometer North of] Rio Iteneze & Rio Paragua [confluence?]; 30.VII.1964, Bouseman & Lussenhop leg.; AMNH • 1♂; Beni, Rio Itenez near Costa Marques (Brazil); 01.IX.1964, Bouseman & Lussenhop leg.; AMNH • 1 ♂; Santa Cruz, Buena Vista; 26.II.1999, F. D. Parker leg.; EMUS. DIAGNOSIS. — Female. Propodeal dorsum evenly convex throughout, dorsal face smoothly angulate into posterior face in lateral view; lateral face of propodeum predominantly unsculptured, smooth, shining, intervals always wider than surrounding foveae. Male. Pronotal dorsum with densely, coarsely, and confusedly areolatepunctate to foveolate-punctate with conspicuous interspersed micropunctures; sculpture of pronotum predominantly concealed by dense silvery-white setation. DISTRIBUTION. — French Guiana (Cayenne-Roura), Colombia (Amazonas), and Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia) DESCRIPTION Female Body length. 10-12 mm. Head (Fig. 5A, C). Posterior margin almost straight. Occipital carina conspicuously equally wide throughout. Vertex width 0.9 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular, its height in frontal view 1.5 × the distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Head densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate with smooth rounded intervals. Mandible with conspicuous subapical tooth. Dorsal scrobal carina present, connected to lateral scrobal carina. Antennal tubercle finely, sparsely, and irregularly rugose to micropunctate. Flagellomere 1: 2.0 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2: 1.3 × pedicel length. Mesosoma (Fig. 5A, C). Dorsal thoracic length 0.9 × width. Mesosomal dorsum densely and coarsely areolate-punctate laterad to foveolate-punctate mediad, with smooth rounded intervals. Anterior face of pronotum defined, short, shorter than pronotal collar, vestigially and coarsely striated longitudinally with interspersed scattered punctures; dorsal face roundly angulate into anterior face in lateral view. Humeral carina well-defined, separated from well-defined raised sharp epaulet, anterolateral corners of pronotum sharply angulate in dorsal view.Pronotal spiracle almost flat against lateral margin of pronotum. Lateral face of pronotum sparsely foveolatepunctate; mesopleuron sculpture, micropunctate anteriorly and very sparsely and vestigially punctate along mesopleural ridge; metapleuron sculpture almost completely concealed by dense setation, except dorsal fourth smooth, unsculptured. Lateral face of propodeum with sculpture sparsely foveolatepunctate, intervals smooth and shining predominantly more than twice the width of surrounding sculpture. Ratios of widths of mesosoma at humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum immediately posterior to propodeal spiracles, 93:100:105:84:79. Lateral margin of mesonotum vestigially constricted anterior to propodeal spiracle, slightly diverging anterad. Propodeal spiracle vestigially pronounced from lateral margin of mesosoma; post-spiracular area present. Scutellar scale and anterolateral carinae absent; scabrous intervals absent on scutellar area. Propodeum conspicuously elongate, dorsal face much longer than and well differentiated from posterior face. Metasoma (Fig. 5A, C). Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 65:125:124. Disc of T2 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to punctate with dense interspersed micropunctures; foveolae sparser and micropunctures absent laterally and over integumental spots.T3–6 sculpture, except pygidial plate, predominantly concealed by dense setation, sparsely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to simply punctate with dense interspersed micropunctures where visible; pygidial plate broadly subpyriform, defined by strong, projected, flange-like lateral carinae at apical fourth of plate; surface mostly irregularly longitudinally rugose; interstice apparently granulose. S1 sparsely punctured, surface wedge-like, ending in a rounded longitudinal carina, equally high throughout. S2 densely foveolate-punctate, punctures slightly sparser posterad; anteromedial crest-fold vestigial. S3–6 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate with sparse micropunctures at S3–4; sculpture denser on S6. Male (hitherto unknown) Body length. 10-12 mm. Head (Fig. 6A).Transversely subrectangular with posterolateral angles rounded and continuous with outline of eyes in dorsal view. Vertex width 0.8 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular. Ocelli small; OOD 5.0 × DLO, IOD slightly longer than DLO. Occipital carina distinct. Head surface densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate with dense interspersed micropunctures on gena, malar space, and posterior half of vertex. Gena ecarinate. Antennal scrobe concave to eye margin, with prominent transverse dorsal scrobal carina. Clypeus concave laterally immediately below antennal insertion, conspicuously convex medially; predominantly obscured by dense setation, coarsely and densely punctate to micropunctate where visible; apical/ventral margin with a pair of closely spaced short blunt inconspicuous tooth-like projections medially.Scape bicarinate ventrally. Flagellomere 1: 1.6 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2: 2.0 × pedicel length. Mandible obliquely tridentate apically, inner and middle teeth almost equal, greatly reduced; lacking dorsal or ventral projections. Mesosoma (Fig. 6A). Epaulets well defined, slightly projected from anterior margin of pronotum, subangulate, broadly separated from humeral carina, anterolateral angles of pronotum subrounded. Anterior face of pronotum sparsely punctate to micropunctate throughout along dorsal margin, almost unsculptured, smooth, and shining elsewhere; almost flat throughout. Tegula convex, mostly glabrous and impunctate except for dense coarse punctures on anterior and inner margin. Mesoscutum densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate, notaulus and parapsis present, reduced to posterior third of mesoscutum; with medial longitudinal carina on posterior half. Scutellum convex, subglobose, with somewhat definable dorsal and posterior faces; densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate; with longitudinal carina medially formed by aligned intervals on dorsal face. Axilla produced posterolaterally as acute projections, with conspicuous flat coarsely and densely foveolate-punctate dorsal surface, except unsculptured apically and along outer margin. Metanotum almost equally wide throughout, its surface obscured by dense setation. Propodeal dorsum convex, predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely areolate where visible; lateral face densely areolate on posterior half, vestigially areolate on anterior half; dorsal face rounded into and poorly distinguished from posterior face. Lateral face of pronotum sparsely and coarsely foveolate-punctate with interspersed dense micropunctures; mesopleuron slightly swollen on dorsal half, without any projections; sculpture densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate with interspersed micropunctures; foveolae sparser anterad and posterad. Metapleuron predominantly micropunctured to unsculptured, smooth and shining, except for vestigial foveolae and rugosities on dorsal and ventral fifths. Wings (Fig. 6A). Fore wing with elongate sclerotized pterostigma; marginal cell elongated, truncate apically; three submarginal cells; membrane dark brown, slightly but conspicuously lighter on basal third. Legs (Fig. 6A). Simply setose, no strong spines discernible dorsally; spurs finely serrate on margins. Metasoma (Fig. 6A). Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2 45:76:58. Dorsal metasomal sculpture partially concealed by dense setation, sparsely and coarsely punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible; pygidial plate somewhat concave, posterior margin conspicuously curved upward; surface predominantly smooth, shining, with vestigial undefined sculpture along apical margin; weakly defined by parallel carinae apicolaterally. S1 longitudinally elevated medially, ending in blunt, low, concave carina. S2 sparsely and finely foveolate-punctate to punctate; foveolae conspicuously sparser posterad; anteromedial crest-fold almost absent; sternal pit absent. S3 sparsely and finely punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures; S4–7 sparsely foveolatepunctate. S7 longer than broad, with conspicuous medial longitudinal unsculptured area; posterior margin projected apicolaterally and medially; medial projection blunt, longer than lateral projections. Genitalia (Fig. 6 B-F). Parapenial lobe not at all pronounced apically, simply rounded. Ratios of free length of paramere, cuspis and digitus, 56:28:13; paramere slightly sinuous in dorsal view, upcurved apically in lateral view; with dense setae ventrally at basal half; cuspis short, stout, slightly swollen medially and narrower apicad in lateral view; narrower apicad and almost straight in dorsal view; abruptly curved dorsally in wide angle at basal third; with dense conspicuous, strongly sinuous setae on ventral surface, except at basal third with simple short setae; dorsal surface with overall inconspicuous simple short setae; paracuspis well-developed, not sessile, slightly elongate vertically, subrounded at apical margin, densely setose along posterior margin, setae predominantly shorter than or as short as paracuspis; digitus short, slightly curved inward in dorsal view and slightly upcurved in lateral view, inconspicuously setose basodorsally; penis valve strongly concave on inner surface, with closely spaced pair of short teeth posteroventrally; posterior tooth acute, subposterior tooth rounded, with lateral pocket present on outer surface; apical distance between teeth 0.1 × length of valve; dense setae present along posterior margin and inconspicuous short setae present at base of subposterior tooth on outer surface. Coloration and variations Female (Fig. 5A, C). Integument black to brownish-black except for mandibles and antennal flagella partially reddishbrown, and T2 with a pair of large subcircular orange integumental spots. Body setae predominantly silvery-white except for the following areas with black setae varying in density: pronotal dorsum, anterior half of mesonotum, posterior half of mesonotum medially, propodeal dorsum medially, femora apicodorsally, T1 posteromedially, disc of T2 (except over integumental spots), fringe of T2–3 medially (except inconspicuous patch of silvery-white medially), T4 sublaterally, T5–6 (except pygidial plate) laterally, fringe of S5, and S6. Some specimens may have the head completely covered with black setae (except gena and malar space), and the silverywhite setae of the mesosomal dorsum restricted to narrow inconspicuous lateral stripes on propodeum. Such specimens have the remaining silvery-white setae areas conspicuously less defined and the integumental spots of T2 have a more reddish tone rather than the usual orange. MALE. (Fig. 6A) Integument black. Body setae predominantly silvery-white varying in density except for the following areas with black setae varying in density: mesoscutum, tegula, axillar projections, mesoscutellum, disc of T2 (except anterior third), fringe of T2–4 medially, T5–7, fringe of S5–6, and S7. REMARKS Traumatomutilla chuza is apparently the typical representative of the T. gemella species-group in the Amazon.Two other species of this group are known in the Amazon, T. diophthalma in transition areas between Amazon Forest and Cerrado in the south and northeast, and T. peismatara Bartholomay & Cambra n. sp. in the western Amazon near the border between Brazil and Peru, but they are not as commonly encountered in the Amazon as T. chuza. While there are records of T. diophthalma occurring in the same area as T. chuza (Pará, Brazil), there are no specimens of T. chuza known from West or South of Leticia (Amazonas, Colombia). Apart from the characters mentioned in the diagnosis, the females of T. chuza are easily recognizable by their more robust and stout body in comparison to the rather slender and elongate body of the other species within the T. gemella species-group. The specimen recently collected in Rondônia by KAW (DZUP- 299000), is undoubtedly from the T. gemella species-group and was identified as T. chuza by its overall body structure, proportions, and its occurence on the Brazilian Amazon. The coloration of this specimen, however, is remarkably different from most T. chuza since the head and mesosoma are almost devoid of silvery-white setae dorsally, except for a pair of lateral longitudinal stripes on the propodeal dorsum. This color variation may be a result of a local Müllerian mimicry pattern which includes T. barathra Bartholomay & Williams, 2018 and T. luscoides André, 1908, species that were collected in the same area as this particular specimen., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, Marcio L., 2021, Revision of the Traumatomutilla gemella species-group (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) with the description of its hitherto unknown males, pp. 1-28 in Zoosystema 43 (1) on pages 9-12, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a1, http://zenodo.org/record/4450613, {"references":["CASAL O. H. 1969. - Sobre Traumatomutilla Andre (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae). Physis 28 (77): 279 - 298.","BARTHOLOMAY P. R., WILLIAMS K. A., LUZ D. R. & OLIVEIRA M. L. 2018. - New species of Traumatomutilla Andre in the T. tabapua and T. integella species-groups (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae). Zootaxa 4433 (2): 361 - 385. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4433.2.7","ANDRE E. 1908. - Descriptions de quelques nouveaux Mutillides du Musee National d'Hongrie. Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 6: 378 - 383."]}

Traumatomutilla gemella (André, 1906) (Figs 9-11) Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) gemella André, 1906: 42. Traumatomutilla gemella – Casal 1969: 285. TYPE MATERIAL. — Syntypes. Brazil [Brasilia] • ♀; S. [São] Paulo; id 153108, Hym. [Hymenoptera] coll. [collection]; HNHM (examined) • ♀, Brésil [Brazil], S. [São] Paulo; Schrottky leg.; MNHN (examined). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Brazil • 1 ♀; Espírito Santo, Atílio Vivacqua; 13.II.2003; UFES • 1 ♀; Espírito Santo, Parque Sooretama; XI.1967; F. M. Oliveira leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa; 07.XII.1964; C. Elias leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Espírito Santo, Guarapari; 15.XI.1969; Alvarenga leg.; DZUP • 1♀; Conceição da Barra; 15.XI.1969; C. Elias leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Espírito Santo, Corrego do Ita [Itá]; XII.1956; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Minas Gerais, Viçosa; 1931; AMNH • 1 ♀; Minas Gerais, Nanuque, Zona Rural; 24-29.VII.2007; F. B. Fraga leg.; UFES • 4 ♀; São Paulo; MZSP • 1 ♀; São Paulo, Ilha de Busios [Búzios]; 16.X-04.XI.1963; Exp. Depto. Zool. [Expedição do Departamento de Zoologia] leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; São Paulo, Ilha de Busios; 23-28.III.1964; Exp. Depto. Zool. [Expedição do Departamento de Zoologia] leg.; MZSP • 1♂; São Paulo, Teodoro Sampaio; XII.1985; F. M. Oliviera leg.; EMUS • 4 ♀; Rio de Janeiro; MZSP • 1 ♀; Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia; 700m [a.s.l.]; 04.XII.1940; J. F. Zikán leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; Paraná, Antonina, Reserva Morro da Mina; 11.XII.2006; C. Maia leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Paraná, Reserva Rio Cachoeira; 01.II.2007; A. J. C. Aguiar leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Santa Catarina, Corupá; III.1947; A. Maller leg.; AMNH • 1 ♀; Santa Catarina, Corupá; XI.1946; A. Maller leg.; AMNH • 2 ♀; Santa Catarina, Corupá; XII.1944; A. Maller leg.; AMNH • 1 ♀; Santa Catarina, Corupá; II.1946; A. Maller leg.; AMNH • 1♀; Santa Catarina, Corupá; IV.1952; MNRJ • 1♀; Santa Catarina, Corupá; I.1955; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Santa Catarina, Corupá; XII.1953; MNRJ • 1♀; Santa Catarina; Rio Vermelho; XII.1945; A. Maller leg.; AMNH. DIAGNOSIS. — Female. Dense setae covering most of lateral face of propodeum; micropunctures present on lateral face of propodeum; body setae predominantly silvery-golden; T2 integumental spots orange. Male. Body setae predominantly silvery-golden; dense appressed setae partially present on lateral face of propodeum and concealing most of metapleuron surface; micropunctures present anterolaterally on S2. DISTRIBUTION. Brazil (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná, and Santa Catarina) DESCRIPTION Female Body length. 9-13 mm. Head (Figs 9A, C; 10A, B). Posterior margin almost slightly sinuous, somewhat concave sublaterally and slightly convex medially. Occipital carina conspicuously equally wide throughout. Vertex width 0.9 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular, its height in frontal view almost equal to the distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Head densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to areolate-punctate. Mandible with conspicuous subapical tooth. Dorsal scrobal carina present, irregular, separated from antennal tubercles; lateral scrobal carina almost absent. Antennal tubercle finely and irregularly rugose. Flagellomere 1: 2.1 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2: 1.5 × pedicel length. Mesosoma (Figs 9A, C; 10A, B). Dorsal thoracic length slightly smaller than mesosomal width. Mesosomal dorsum densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate, with conspicuous medial longitudinal carinae extending from anterior margin of mesonotum to posterior margin of dorsal face of propodeum; carina less defined on propodeum, sinuous, irregular.Anterior face of pronotum defined, short, shorter than pronotal collar, vestigially and coarsely striated longitudinally with interspersed scattered punctures; dorsal face roundly sub-angular with anterior face in lateral view. Humeral carina well-defined, broadly separated from well-defined low sharp epaulet, anterolateral corners of pronotum angulate in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle slightly projected from lateral margin of pronotum, rounded. Lateral face of pronotum sparsely punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures; mesopleuron sculpture mostly concealed by dense setation, micropunctate anteriorly and foveolat-punctate along mesopleural ridge where visible; metapleuron sculpture almost completely concealed by dense setation, dorsal fourth with sparser setae and medial asetose smooth area. Lateral face of propodeum with sculpture partially concealed by dense setation, foveolate-punctate where visible. Ratios of widths of mesosoma at humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum immediately posterior to propodeal spiracles. Lateral margin of mesonotum simply divergent anterior to propodeal spiracle, slightly diverging anterad. Propodeal spiracle almost flat against lateral margin of mesosoma; postspiracular area absent. Scutellar scale and anterolateral carinae absent; scabrous intervals absent on scutellar area. Propodeum conspicuously elongate, dorsal face much longer than and well differentiated from posterior face. Metasoma (Figs 9A, C; 10A, B). Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 31:70:69. Disc of T2 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to punctate with dense interspersed micropunctures; foveolae sparser and micropunctures absent laterally and over integumental spots; sculpture less defined in general over integumental spots. T3–6 sculpture, except pygidial plate, predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to simply punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible; pygidial plate broadly subpyriform, defined by strong, projected, flange-like lateral carinae at apical fourth of plate; surface mostly irregularly longitudinally rugose; interstice apparently granulose. S1 sparsely punctured, surface wedge-like, ending in a rounded longitudinal carina, slightly lower medially. S2 sparsely foveolate-punctate, punctures conspicuously smaller anteriorly; anteromedial crest-fold vestigial. S3–6 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate with sparse micropunctures at S3–4; sculpture denser on S6. Male Body length. 10-12 mm. Head (Fig.11A).Transversely subrectangular with posterolateral angles rounded in dorsal view. Width 0.8 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular. Ocelli small; OOD 3.1 × DLO, IOD 1.2 × DLO. Occipital carina distinct. Head surface densely and coarsely punctate. Gena ecarinate. Antennal scrobe concave to eye margin, with prominent transverse dorsal scrobal carina. Clypeus concave laterally immediately below antennal insertion, conspicuously convex medially; coarsely and densely punctate to micropunctate; apical/ventral margin completely concealed by dense setation. Scape bicarinate. Flagellomere 1: 2.4 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2: 3.8 × pedicel length. Mandible obliquely tridentate apically, inner tooth slightly larger than middle tooth; lacking dorsal or ventral projections. Mesosoma (Fig. 11A). Epaulets well defined, slightly projected from anterior margin of pronotum, broadly separated from humeral carina, anterolateral angles of pronotum rounded. Anterior face of pronotum sparsely punctate with interspersed micropunctures laterally, with a conspicuous smooth unsculptured area. Tegula convex, mostly glabrous and impunctate except for dense coarse punctures on anterior third and along inner margin. Mesoscutum densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate, notaulus absent, parapsis vestigial, reduced to posterior half of mesoscutum. Scutellum convex, densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate; with longitudinal irregular carina medially formed by aligned intervals.Axilla produced posterolaterally as acute projections, with conspicuous flat coarsely and densely foveolate-punctate dorsal surface. Metanotum slightly wider laterally, its surface obscured by dense setation. Propodeal dorsum convex, partially concealed by dense setation, densely areolate where visible; lateral face densely and coarsely areolate, areolations less defined anterad; dorsal face rounded into and poorly distinguished from posterior face. Lateral face of pronotum densely coarsely and confusedly punctate to micropunctate; mesopleura slightly swollen on dorsal half, without any or projections; mesopleural sculpture densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate with interspersed micropunctures anteriorly. Metapleuron sculpture almost concealed by dense setation. Wings (Fig. 11A). Fore wing with elongate sclerotized pterostigma; marginal cell elongated, truncate apically; three submarginal cells; dark brown, slightly but conspicuously lighter on basal third. Legs (Fig. 11A). Simply setose, no strong spines discernible dorsally; spurs finely serrate on margins. Metasoma (Fig. 11A).T1 0.5 × as wide as T2.T2 length 0.85 × its width. Dorsal metasomal sculpture partially concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible; pygidial plate irregularly and vestigially rugose, weakly defined by parallel carinae apicolaterally. S1 longitudinally elevated medially, slightly pronounced carina lower medially. S2 coarsely and sparsely foveolate-punctate to punctate, interspersed micropunctures present anterolaterally, foveolae conspicuously sparser and larger posterad; with vestigial longitudinal anteromedial crestfold; sternal pit absent. S3–5 sparsely and coarsely foveolatepunctate with interspersed micropunctures; S6–7 sparsely foveolate-punctate. S7 longer than broad, posterior margin projected laterally and medially, medial projection terminating in a pair of very small subacute closely spaced tooth-like process on posterior margin. Genitalia (Fig. 11 B-F). Parapenial lobe not at all pronounced posteriorly, simply rounded. Ratios of free length of paramere, cuspis and digitus, 63:33:19; paramere slightly sinuous in dorsal view, upcurved posteriorly in lateral view; with dense setae ventrally at anterior half; cuspis short, stout, slightly swollen sub-basally, narrower posterad, and almost straight in dorsal view; abruptly curved in wide angle at anterior third and narrower posterad in lateral view; with dense conspicuous, strongly sinuous setae on ventral surface, except at anterior third with simple short setae; dorsal surface with simple short setae; paracuspis well-developed, not sessile, slightly elongate vertically, subrounded at posterior margin, densely setose along posterodorsal margin, setae predominantly shorter than or as short as paracuspis; digitus short, slightly curved inward in dorsal view and slightly upcurved in lateral view, sparsely setose dorsally at base; penis valve strongly concave on internal surface, with closely spaced pair of short teeth posteroventrally; posterior tooth acute, subposterior tooth rounded, lateral pocket present on outer margin; distance between apex of teeth 0.1 × length of valve; dense setae present along posterior margin and inconspicuous short setae present at base of subposterior tooth on outer surface. Coloration and variations Female (Figs 9A, C; 10A, B). Head, mesosoma and metasoma integument always black, at most brownish-black, with mandibles and antennal flagella partially reddish-brown and T2 with a pair of subrounded orange integumental spots varying in size; seta varying in density and predominantly silvery-golden except the following areas with black setae: head (except antennae), dorsum of pronotum, mesonotum, dorsum of propodeum medially, lateral face of pronotum, anterior half of mesopleuron, apex of meso and metafemora dorsally, most of disc of T2 (except integumental spots), most of fringe of T2–3 (except medially and laterally), narrow sublateral areas on fringe of T4, and S6. Male (Fig. 11A). Integument black, at most brownish-black, with mandibles and flagella partially reddish-brown. Body setae predominantly silvery-golden varying in density except for the following areas with black setae varying in density: head (except apical/ventral margin of clypeus), pronotum, mesonotum, axillar projections, scutellum, apex of meso and metafemora dorsally, posterior two thirds of T2, fringe of T2–3 (except narrow lateral areas), T4–7, most of S4–5, and S6–7. REMARKS The sex association was based on distribution and matching color pattern, since both sexes of Traumatomutilla gemella are part of a well-defined mimicry syndrome occurring in the Atlantic Forest, which has been observed and used as a basis for sex associations in multiple species such as Pappognatha patruelis (André, 1898), Hoplocrates cephalotes (Swederus, 1787), Hoplomutilla spinosa (Swederus, 1787), Atlantilla auriculata (Gerstaecker, 1874), and T. guarata Casal, 1969 (KAW and PRB pers. obs.). To the best of our knowledge, the only way to differentiate the males of T. gemella from the remaining males of the species-group are the setal characters previously mentioned in the diagnosis and identification key. Setae and color characters are also the most easily observable character to differentiate females of T. gemella especially since it appears that there are no variations whatsoever in the specimens examined. In the case of the females, however, there are reliable structural characters that can be used, namely the presence of micropunctures on the lateral propodeal face., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, Marcio L., 2021, Revision of the Traumatomutilla gemella species-group (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) with the description of its hitherto unknown males, pp. 1-28 in Zoosystema 43 (1) on pages 17-22, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a1, http://zenodo.org/record/4450613, {"references":["ANDRE E. 1906. - Nouvelles especes de Mutillides d'Amerique. (Hym.). Zeitschrift fur Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie 6: 33 - 48, 65 - 80, 161 - 169.","CASAL O. H. 1969. - Sobre Traumatomutilla Andre (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae). Physis 28 (77): 279 - 298.","ANDRE E. 1898. - Etude sur les Mutillides du Museum de Paris. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 67: 1 - 79.","GERSTAECKER A. 1874. - Mutillarum Americae meridionalis indigenarum synopsis systematica et synonymica. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 40: 41 - 77, 299 - 328."]}

Introduction: Ephuta Say is a widespread New World genus of mutillid wasp whose ecology is poorly understood. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine how Ephuta species abundance varies annually and seasonally driven by weather conditions and hosts. Methods: Ephuta specimens, located in the “old forest” at Barro Colorado Island, were examined from weekly samples (2001-2006) of ten Malaise traps. The monthly abundance of each Ephuta species was compared with monthly average humidity, solar radiation, temperature and rainfall. Results: Nine species and ten morphospecies were identified. Most specimens were collected from March to June. April was the month reported with the greatest abundance. Of the four abiotic variables measured, only average monthly temperature was correlated with Ephuta abundance. Months with the highest number of Ephuta specimens were correlated with suspected host abundance, as indicated by the monthly abundance of Pompilidae (Hymenoptera) captured during the year 2007. Conclusions: We concluded that Ephuta display strong seasonal variation in abundance, with the peaks occurring during the end of the dry season and beginning of the rainy season, which correlate broadly with temperature and the abundance of their pompilid hosts. Resumen Introducción: Ephuta es un género de avispas mutílidas ampliamente distribuido en el Nuevo Mundo y cuya ecología es poco conocida. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar cómo varía la abundancia de especies de Ephuta anualmente y estacionalmente debido a las condiciones climáticas y sus hospederos. Métodos: Se examinaron especímenes de Ephuta tomados de muestras semanales (2001-2006) de diez trampas Malaise, ubicadas en el “bosque viejo” de Isla Barro Colorado. La abundancia mensual de cada especie de Ephuta se comparó con el promedio mensual de la humedad, la radiación solar, la temperatura y las precipitaciones. Resultados: Se identificaron nueve especies y diez morfoespecies. La mayoría de los especímenes fueron recolectados de marzo a junio. La mayor abundancia mensual promedio se dio en abril. De las cuatro variables abióticas medidas, solo la temperatura mensual promedio se correlacionó con la abundancia de Ephuta. Los meses con el mayor número de especímenes de Ephuta se correlacionan con la sospechosa abundancia del huésped, como lo indica la abundancia mensual de Pompilidae (Hymenoptera) capturada durante el 2007. Conclusiones: Ephuta muestra una fuerte variación estacional en la abundancia, con picos durante el final de la estación seca y el comienzo de la temporada de lluvias. Esta se correlaciona ampliamente con la temperatura y la abundancia de sus huéspedes pompílidos.

Introducción: Ephuta es un género de avispas mutílidas ampliamente distribuido en el Nuevo Mundo y cuya ecología es poco conocida. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar cómo varía la abundancia de especies de Ephuta anualmente y estacionalmente debido a las condiciones climáticas y sus hospederos. Métodos: Se examinaron especímenes de Ephuta tomados de muestras semanales (2001-2006) de diez trampas Malaise, ubicadas en el “bosque viejo” de Isla Barro Colorado. La abundancia mensual de cada especie de Ephuta se comparó con el promedio mensual de la humedad, la radiación solar, la temperatura y las precipitaciones. Resultados: Se identificaron nueve especies y diez morfoespecies. La mayoría de los especímenes fueron recolectados de marzo a junio. La mayor abundancia mensual promedio se dió en abril. De las cuatro variables abióticas medidas, solo la temperatura mensual promedio se correlacionó con la abundancia de Ephuta. Los meses con el mayor número de especímenes de Ephuta se correlacionan con la sospechosa abundancia del huésped, como lo indica la abundancia mensual de Pompilidae (Hymenoptera) capturada durante el 2007. Conclusiones: Ephuta muestra una fuerte variación estacional en la abundancia, con picos durante el final de la estación seca y el comienzo de la temporada de lluvias. Esta se correlaciona ampliamente con la temperatura y la abundancia de sus huéspedes pompílidos. Introduction: Ephuta Say is a widespread New World genus of mutillid wasp whose ecology is poorly understood. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine how Ephuta species abundance varies annually and seasonally driven by weather conditions and hosts. Methods: Ephuta specimens, located in the “old forest” at Barro Colorado Island, were examined from weekly samples (2001-2006) of ten Malaise traps. The monthly abundance of each Ephuta species was compared with monthly average humidity, solar radiation, temperature and rainfall. Results: Nine species and ten morphospecies were identified. Most specimens were collected from March to June. April was the month reported with the greatest abundance. Of the four abiotic variables measured, only average monthly temperature was correlated with Ephuta abundance. Months with the highest number of Ephuta specimens were correlated with suspected host abundance, as indicated by the monthly abundance of Pompilidae (Hymenoptera) captured during the year 2007. Conclusions: We concluded that Ephuta display strong seasonal variation in abundance, with the peaks occurring during the end of the dry season and beginning of the rainy season, which correlate broadly with temperature and the abundance of their pompilid hosts.

Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A., Oliveira, Marcio L. (2020): Revision of the Traumatomutilla juvenilis species group (Hymenopteraı Mutillidae). Journal of Natural History 53 (43): 2639-2683, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1715501

Traumatomutilla juvenilis (Gerstaecker, 1874) (Figures 4 (a – k), 5(a – i)) Mutilla juvenilis Gerstaecker, 1874: 75, lectotype [designated here], ♀, Brazil, [São Paulo], Salto Grande (ZMB), examined. Mutilla (Traumatomutilla) bivittata rubroguttata André, 1901: 257. Holotype [by monotypy], ♀, Paraguay, [Alto Paraguay], Porto Casado [Puerto Casado/Puerto La Victoria] (location unknown) syn. nov. Mutilla (Traumatomutilla) bivittata immaculiceps André, 1901: 257, lectotype [designated here], ♀. Paraguay, Rio Monday [sic] (MNHN) examined, syn. nov. Mutilla estrella (Cresson, 1902): 47, lectotype [designated by Cresson (1916)], ♀, Brazil, Corumbá (CMNH) examined, syn. nov. Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) bivittata rubroguttata André, 1902, 54 Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) bivittata immaculiceps André, 1902, 54 Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) estrella André, 1902, 55 Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) juvenilis André, 1902, 55 Traumatomutilla bivittata rubroguttata André, 1904, 40 Traumatomutilla bivittata immaculiceps André, 1904, 40 Traumatomutilla estrella André, 1904, 40 Traumatomutilla juvenilis André, 1904, 40 Diagnosis Female. In addition to the structural characters referenced in the species groups diagnosis, T. juvenilis females can be defined by having the mesosoma with lateral margins anterior to propodeal spiracle simply divergent anterad, not constricted; the dorsal surface of the hindtibia densely setose; the pronotal spiracle projected; and the T2 disc evenly convex. Male. In addition to the structural characters referenced in the species group diagnosis, T. juvenilis males can be defined by having the cuspis broad, club-like, densely setose throughout; the lateral margins of the propodeum simply rounded, not angulate; and T2 evenly convex. Description Body length 14 – 17 mm. Head. Posterior margin virtually straight. Vertex width 0.8 × pronotal width. Eye length in frontal view virtually as long distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Head densely, coarsely and confusedly foveolatepunctate, sparser and finer on gena and malar space. Mandible with small subapical tooth. Dorsal scrobal carina present and well-defined, separated from antennal tubercles; lateral scrobal carina virtually absent. Antennal tubercle densely finely and confusedly rugulose. Flagellomere 1 2.2 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2 1.6 × pedicel length. Genal carina present, well defined, short, broadly separated from gular carina and hypostomal carina. Occipital carina well defined, slightly swollen and curved in straight angle dorsolaterally. Mesosoma. Dorsal thoracic length 0.9 × its width. Mesosomal dorsum well differentiated from pleurae, lateral margins rounded, not angulate or sharp; sculpture predominantly obscured by dense setation, dense confused and coarse areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate where visible. Anterior face of propodeum defined, superficially and longitudinally striate mesoventrad, coarsely punctate laterodorsad; dorsal face roundly angulate into anterior face in lateral view. Humeral carina present broadly separated from well-defined low rounded epaulette, anterolateral corners of pronotum rounded in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle virtually flat against lateral margin of pronotum. Sculpture of lateral face of pronotum densely micropunctate with sparse coarse punctures anteriorly; mesopleuron densely micropunctate anteriorly, sparse and coarse foveolate-punctate along mesopleural ridge, concealed by dense setation elsewhere; metapleuron sculpture concealed by dense setation on ventral half, unsculptured and smooth on dorsal half. Lateral face of propodeum sparsely and shallowly foveolate-punctate anteriorly, with dense coarse confused horizontally oblique rugosities along posterior margin. Ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 52:61:58:48:45. Lateral margin of mesonotum not emarginated anterior to propodeal spiracle, smoothly and slightly diverging anterad. Propodeal spiracle virtually flat against lateral margin of mesosoma; post-spiracular area absent. Scutellar scale present, well developed, slightly narrower than and separated from well-developed anterolateral carinae which are connected thus forming a single transverse carina with shallow emargination medially; scabrous intervals present on scutellar area. Posterior face of propodeum longer than and poorly distinguished from dorsal face. Metasoma. Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 32:77:75. T2 slightly longer than wide, with maximum width posterior to midlength; Disc of T2 dense and coarse foveolate-punctate, sculpture denser and smaller mediad; sculpture of integumental spots sparse and shallow foveolate-punctate. Sculpture of T3 – 6, except pygidial plate, predominantly concealed by dense setation, dense and coarse foveolate-punctate with sparse-interspersed micropunctures where visible. S1 surface cuneiform, longitudinally elevated medially, equally high throughout. S2 sparse foveolate-punctate, foveolations sparser and smaller mediad; subapical transverse slope virtually absent medially, conspicuous laterally; anteromedial crest-fold well developed. S3 – 6 dense foveolate-punctate. Pygidial plate subpyriform, defined by lateral carinae at apical third; surface with irregular, mostly longitudinal coarse rugosities; interstice apparently granulose. Male. Body length 11 – 18 mm. Head. Rounded subrectangular in dorsal view, posterolateral angles rounded. Vertex width 0.75 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular. Ocelli small; OOD 6.1 × DLO, IOD 1.75 × DLO. Occipital carina distinct. Head surface densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to punctate. Gena ecarinate. Antennal scrobe concave to eye margin, with prominent transverse dorsal scrobal carina starting narrowly separated from internal eye margin. Clypeus convex medially, concave laterally immediately below antennal insertion; coarsely and densely foveolate-punctate; with a pair of short, sessile, blunt tubercles on apical margin. Scape bicarinate. Flagellomere 1 1.9 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2.3 × pedicel length. Mandible obliquely tridentate apically, inner tooth slightly larger than middle tooth; lacking dorsal or ventral projections. Mesosoma. Epaulettes well defined, low against anterior margin of pronotum, rounded, broadly disconnected from humeral carina; anterolateral angles of pronotum subangulate. Anterior face of propodeum coarsely and densely punctate laterally, impunctate medially, with a conspicuous longitudinal concave medial area. Tegula convex, mostly glabrous and impunctate except for dense punctures anterointernally. Mesoscutum densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate, notaulus and parapsis indistinguishable. Scutellum convex, densely and coarsely areolate-punctate. Axilla produced posterolaterally as truncate projection, with conspicuous flat posterior face, coarsely and densely foveolate-punctate dorsally; posterior face of axillar projection arched. Metanotum slightly wider laterally, its surface obscured by dense setation. Propodeum dorsum convex, predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely areolate where visible; lateral face predominantly densely areolate, areolations vestigial anterad; posterolateral margins rounded, posterodorsal corners rounded in lateral view; dorsal and posterior faces indistinguishable. Lateral face of pronotum with dense coarse punctures and interspersed micropunctures; mesopleura with strong subacute projected tubercle on dorsal half; mesopleural sculpture densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolatepunctate with interspersed micropunctures anteriorly. Metapleuron predominantly unsculptured, smooth, except ventral fourth, densely and coarsely areolate-punctate. Wings. Forewing with elongate sclerotised pterostigma; marginal cell elongated, truncate apically; three submarginal cells. Legs. Simply setose, no strong spines discernible dorsally; spurs finely serrate on margins. Metasoma. T1 0.5 × as wide as T2. T2 slightly longer than broad. Dorsal metasomal sculpture partially concealed by dense setation, densely and finely foveolate-punctate to simply punctate were visible, except pygidial plate on T7 irregularly rugose and weakly defined by parallel carinae apicolaterally. S1 longitudinally elevated medially, forming pronounced carina slightly higher posteriorly. S2 densely foveolate-punctate, foveolations conspicuously sparser and smaller mediad; with well-developed longitudinal anteromedial crest-fold ending on small and narrow longitudinal pit densely filled with setae. S3 – 7 sparsely and densely foveolate-punctate to punctate. S7 as long as broad, with single subacute tooth-like projection on posterior margin. Genitalia. Parapenial lobe slightly pronounced apically. Ratios of free length of paramere, cuspis and digitus, 51:39:7; paramere slightly sinuous in dorsal view, upcurved apically in lateral view; with dense long setae ventrally, setae sparser apicad; cuspis moderately thick, club-like, at its widest point half the width of paramere in dorsal view, virtually straight and equally wide throughout in dorsal view, densely covered in thick setae throughout; paracuspis well-developed, not sessile, amorphous, lobe-like, densely setose, setae as long as paracuspis; digitus short, curved inward in dorsal view and upcurved in lateral view, setose dorsally; penis valve strongly concave on internal surface, with very closely spaced pair of teeth apicoventrally; apical tooth more acute and longer; subapical tooth subrounded, externolateral pocket vestigial; apical distance between teeth 0.05 × length of valve; dense setae present along apical margin and at base of teeth on external surface. Colouration and variations Head integument always black, at most brownish-black; head setation can be completely black or with a pair of narrow longitudinal stripes of silvery-white setae extending from the posterior margin of vertex along the inner eye margin to antennal tubercles; in certain specimens these stripes are reduced to a pair of lateral longitudinal spots of silvery-white setae on vertex only; specimens with silvery-white setae on vertex and/or frons usually have silvery-white setae on malar space and ventral surface of head. Mesosoma integument is usually completely black, at most brownish-black; setation is predominantly black dorsally with all forms having lateral longitudinal stripes of silvery-white setae usually extending from posterior margin of propodeum to posterior margin of pronotum; stripes might end before pronotal spiracles or beyond posterior margin of pronotum in certain specimes; pleural setae is predominantly black with silvery-white setae ventrally on mesopleuron and metapleuron in all forms. Integument of metasoma is always predominantly black, at most brownish-black, except for disc of T2 which is always marked with integumental spots that can be reddish or yellowish; integumental spots vary greatly in size and can be subquadrate, subrounded or linear/subrectangular. Metasomal setae are predominantly black, except for silvery-white setae varying in density on the following: T1 laterally; T2 lateral margins, lateral felt lines, fringe laterally, and over integumental spots; T3 – 5 medially and laterally; T6 medially; S1 – 5 (except fringe of S5). Appendages colour predominantly black, except mandibles and flagellomeres partially reddish-brown. Male. Integument usually completely black, at most brownish-black, with mandibles and most flagellomeres partially reddish-brown. Body setae is predominantly black with silvery-white setae varying in density and extension in the following: antennal tubercles; metanotum; propodeum; legs (except dorsum of femora and tarsi) T1, base of T2, lateral margins of T2, lateral felt line of T2, and fringes of T2 – 4 laterally; S1 – S5 except fringe of S5. Distribution Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina. Material examined (336 ♀, 323) Type material. Lectotype: Traumatomutilla juvenilis, ♀, BRAZIL, [São Paulo], Salto Grande, Sello S. (ZMB); lectotype: Traumatomutilla immaculiceps, ♀, PARAGUAY, [Distrito Capital], Asunción, 1891 (MNHN); Holotype: Traumatomutilla estrella, ♀, BRAZIL, [Mato Grosso do Sul], Chapada [dos Guimarães] (CMNH). Additional material: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá, 2♀, IV (CMNH); Chapada [dos Guimarães], Campo, 5♀, IX (CMNH); Mato Grosso: Confluência Xingú-Kuluene, 1♀, VI.1947 (MNRJ); P.N. [Parque Nacional] do Xingú, Jacaré, 1♀, Alvarenga & Werner (DZUP); Barra do Tapirapé, 5♀ (MZSP); Diamantino, Alto Rio Arinos, 4♀, X.1983 (MNRJ); Alto Xingú, P.I. [Posto Indígena] Col. [Coronel] Vasconçelos, 2♀, XI.1958 (MNRJ); Aldeia Camariura, 1♀, 24.XI.1960 (MNRJ); marg. esq. [margem esquerda] rio Sucuriú, Faz. [Fazenda] Canaã, Três Lagoas, 1♀, 10.XII.1967, F. Lane (MZSP); Rio Papagaios, Utiariti, 22 – 31.X.1966, Lenko & Pereira (MZSP); Rosário Oeste, 5♀ (MZSP); Santa Isabel, 1♀, 18.I.1944, P.A. Berry (CISC); Tapirapé Indian Village, at confluence of Rio Tapirapé and Rio Araguaia, 1♀, 11.XII.1960, B. Malkin (FMNH); Poconé, Pouso Alegre, 1♀, 28.I.2001, A. Köhler (CESC); Mato Grosso do Sul: Anastácio, Fazenda Boa Esperança, 1♀, 16 – 26.II.2008, Bossi R. Bervian C. (MZSP); Bodoquena, Cara da Onça, 310 m [above sea level], 20°44 ʹ 26 ″ S 56°44 ʹ 04 ″ W, 1♀, XII.2012, T.H. Auko e eq. [equipe] (UFGD); Morra D. Sul [sic], Califórnia, 250 m [above sea level], 20°42 ʹ 07 ″ S 56°52 ʹ 47 ″ W, 1♀, II.2007, V. Carbonari (UFGD); Três Lagoas, 5♀ (MZSP); Pará: Santarém, 1♀, VII.1919, S.M. Klages (CMNH); Conceição do Araguaia, 1♀, 18.XI.1979, I.S. Gorayeb (MPEG); Gorotire, Rio Fresco, 1♀, X.1985, W.L. Overal (MPEG); Mocajuba, Mangabeira, 9♀ (MNRJ); Rondônia, MZ [sic] Polo Noroeste, Pimenteiras, 1♀, 15 – 27.XI.1985 (MZSP); São Paulo: Ilha Solteira, Campos Nativos, 1♀, 05.V.1990, Borrmann (EMUS); Reserva de Jataí, Luis Antônio, 16.X.1999, Melo G.A.R. (DZUP); Cotia, 1♀ (DEI); Faz. [Fazenda] Itaquerê, Nova Europa, 1♀, 04.III.1964, K. Lenko (MZSP); N. [Novo] Horizonte, 1♀, XI.1944 (MNRJ); Angatuba, 1♀, III.1917 (MNRJ); Andradina, 1♀, 10.II.1959 (MNRJ); Anhembia, Faz. [Fazenda], Barreiro Rico, 1♀, 15. XI.1965, W.D. Edmonds (MNCN); Araraquara, 1♀, 17 – 18.I.1941, M. Carrera (MNCN); Franca, 1♀, X.1910, E. Garbe (MNCN); Jundiaí, 1♀, 17.XI.1895, Schrottky (MNHN); Ribeirão Preto, 1♀, 21.X.1962, Exp. Dep. Zool. [Expedição Departamento Zoologia] (MNCN); São Paulo, 1♀, 06.I.1925 (DEI); Rio Claro, 2♀, Braulio Dias (AMNH); Avaré, 1♀, E. Amante (AMNH); Botucatu, 1♀, IV.1989, Oliveira T (MIUP); Minas Gerais: Passos, 1♀, 23 – 31.I.1963, Elias C. (DZUP); Araxá, 1♀, 06.XI.1965, Elias C. & Elias T. (DZUP); Ituiutaba, 1♀, XI.1963 (MNRJ); Paraopeba, 1♀, n.o proc. [número de procedência?] 16/53 (MNRJ); Araguari, 1♀, X.1931, R. Spitz (MNCN); Lassance, 1♀, 09 – 19.XI.1919, Cornell University Expedition (CUIC); Sertão de Diamantina, Fazenda das Melâncias, 1♀, 10.XI.1902, E. Gounelle (MNCN); Uberlândia, 1♀, X.1962, Exp. Dep. Zool. [Expedição Departamento Zoologia] (MNCN); Goiás: Campinas, 1♀, X.1937 (MNCN); Fazenda Cachoeirinha, Jataí, 1♀, X.1962, Exp. Dep. Zool. [Expedição Departamento Zoologia] (EMUS); Jataí, Faz. [Fazenda] Aceiro, 1♀, X.1962, Exp. Dep. Zool. [Expedição Departamento Zoologia] (MNCN); Piranhas, 1♀, 02.XI.1961, Werner (MNCN); Viannópolis, 1♀, XI.1931, R. Spitz (MNCN); Distrito Federal, Brasília, 1♀, Braulio Dias (AMNH); BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: El Carmen, 1♀, 25 – 27.II.1954, C. Gans & F. Pereira (MNCN); Buena Vista, 2♀, 1928, J. Steinbach (CUIC); Prov.[ince] Chiquitos, Santiago, 700 m, 1♀, XII.1959 (MIUP); Florida, Samaipata, 1♀, 17.V.1996, W. Roja (MIUP); Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 450 m [above sea level], 2♀, XI.1910, J. Steinbach (CMNH); Puerto Suárez, 150 m [above sea level], 1♀, XII.1908, J. Steinbach (CMNH); Pacajes, Corocoro, 1♀, 19.II.1995, L. Peña (AMNH); Beni: Cavinas, 1♀, I.1922, W.M. Mann (USNM); Guayaramerín, 1♀, XI.1956, Fritz (AMNH); Reyes, 1♀, X.1921, W.M. Mann (USNM); PARAGUAY: San Pedro: Cororo, Rio Ypane: 1♀, XII.1983, M.A. Fritz (EMUS); 73, II.1979, Fritz (AMNH); Pto. [Puerto?] Pablo, 8♀ 33, XI – XII.1936 (RBINS); Kanindeyu, Tava Yopoi, 24°22 ’ S 55°53 ʹ W, 26.X – 04.XI.2007, U. Dreschel (EMUS); Guairá, Villa Rica, 1♀, 1900, Burgdorf (MNHN); Distrito Capital, Asunción, 1♀, 06.XII.1905 (MNHN); Paraguari: E [East] of Ybicui, 1♀, 02.IV.2006, U. Dreschel (FSCA); Sapucay, 1♀ (USNM); La Rosada, 26°06 ’ S 56° 50 ʹ W, 1♀, 27 – 30.XII.2008, U. Dreschel (FSCA); Compañia Naranjo, 13, 3 – 8.II.1996, B. Garcete (MIUP); Parque Nacional Ybycui, 23, 14.I.1996, B. Garcete (MIUP); Presidente Hayes, Puerto Galileo, 3♀, 02 – 05.III.2006, U. Dreschel (FSCA); Lolita, Yaragui, 23°06 ’ S 59° 38 ʹ W, 1♀, 05.III.2003, U. Dreschel (EMUS); Cordillera, San Bernardino, 1♀, K. Fiebrig (USNM); Caaguazu: Zudañez, 1♀, I.1949 (UMMZ); Caaguazu, 23, XII.1977, Fritz (AMNH); Caazapa, Colonia Neufield, 390 ʹ [sic], 26°28 ’ S 55°55 ʹ W, 1♀, 24.IX – 02.XI.2008, U. Dreschel (EMUS); Concepción: 25 mi [Miles] SE [southeast] San Carlos, 1♀, 27.X.2002, U. Dreschel (FSCA); Chaparral, 1♀, 27.X.2002, U. Dreschel (FSCA); Cororo, 2♀, II.1993, Arriagada (AMNH); Estancia Santa Herminia, 23°24 ʹ 13 ″ S 56°30 ʹ 33 ″ W, 13, 8.XI – 7.XII.2003, B. Garcete (MIUP); Amambay, 2 km [kilometres] S [south] Cerro Cora, 1♀, 28.XI.1973, O.S. Flint (DGMC); Alto Paraguay, Cuaacupe, 1&female, Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, Marcio L., 2020, Revision of the Traumatomutilla juvenilis species group (Hymenopteraı Mutillidae), pp. 2639-2683 in Journal of Natural History 53 (43) on pages 2655-2669, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1715501, http://zenodo.org/record/3666586, {"references":["Gerstaecker A. 1874. Mutillarum Americae meridionalis indigenarum synopsis systematica et synonymica. Arch Naturgesch. 40 (41 - 77): 299 - 328.","Andre E. 1901. Descriptions de quelques especes et varietes nouvelles de Mutilles d ' Amerique appartenant au Musee Civique de Genes. Z Syst Hymenopterol Dipterol. 1: 257 - 264.","Cresson ET. 1902. Descriptions of some Brazilian Mutilla. Trans Am Entomol Soc. 28: 1 - 82.","Cresson ET. 1916. The Cresson types of Hymenoptera. Mem Am Entomol Soc. 1: 79 - 85.","Andre E. 1902. Fam. Mutillidae. In: Wytsman P, editor. Genera Insectorum. Bruxelles, Fasc: V. Verteneueil & L. Desmet. 11. p. 1 - 77.","Andre E. 1904. Examen critique d ' une nouvelle classification proposee par M. le Dr. W. H. Ashmead pour le famille des Mutillides. Rev Entomol. 23 (1): 27 - 41.","Andre E. 1910. Liste des Mutillides recueillis par M. le Prof. J. D. Anisits au Paraguay. Zool Jahrb Abt Syst. 29: 229 - 230.","Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima Reformata. Holmiae: Laurentii Salvii.","Bartholomay PR, Williams KA, Cambra RA, Oliveira ML. 2019 c. Traumatomutilla Andre, miscellanea: revision of the bellica, bifurca, diabolica, and vitelligera species groups, and a new group for the new species T. pilkingtoni Bartholomay & Williams (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae: Sphaeropthalminae: Dasymutillini). Insecta Mundi. 0709: 1 - 37."]}

Traumatomutilla miniata (Gerstaecker, 1874) (Figures 8 (a – c), 9(a – i)) Mutilla miniata Gerstaecker, 1874: 75, lectotype [designated here], ♀, Argentina, Catamarca (MLUH), examined. Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) miniata André, 1902, 55 Traumatomutilla miniata André, 1904, 40 Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) bispiculata André, 1907: 350, holotype [by monotypy], 3, Argentina, Santiago del Estero, Icaño, Laguna Mamaita (MNHN), examined, syn. nov. Traumatomutilla bispiculata Nonveiller, 1990, 201 Diagnosis Female. Head entirely clothed with black setae; pronotal spiracles strongly projected from lateral margins of mesosoma, subacute; mesosomal silvery-white setae stripes restricted to propodeum. Male. Mesopleural projections sharp, acute; lateral margins of pronotum sharply angulate, projected; propodeal dorsum concave, posterolateral corners angulate; T2 conspicuously flattened, roundly angulate laterally, nearly forming distinct dorsal and lateral faces; cuspis club-like, densely setose throughout. Description Body length 14 – 17 mm. Head. Posterior margin virtually straight. Vertex width 0.7 × pronotal width. Eye length in frontal view 0.6 × distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Frons and vertex densely, coarsely and confusedly areolatepunctate, more densely so on vertex; gena and malar space sparsely and coarsely foveolate-punctate, with well-defined unsculptured and smooth areas; sculpture virtually absent near base of mandibles. Mandible worn-out subapical tooth not observable. Dorsal scrobal carina present and well-defined, separated from antennal tubercles; lateral scrobal carina virtually absent. Antennal tubercle densely and confusedly rugulose. Flagellomere 1 2.4 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2 1.4 × pedicel length. Genal carina present, well defined, short, broadly separated from gular carina and hypostomal carina. Occipital carina well defined, slightly swollen and smoothly curved dorsolaterally. Mesosoma. Dorsal thoracic length 0.9 × its width. Mesosomal dorsum sharply differentiated from pleurae, lateral margins angulate; sculpture predominantly obscured by dense setation, dense confused and coarse areolate-punctate where visible. Anterior face of propodeum defined, sculpture mostly concealed by dense short setation, vestigially striated longitudinally where visible; dorsal face roundly angulate into anterior face in lateral view. Humeral carina present broadly separated from strongly pronounced rounded epaulette, anterolateral corners of pronotum subangulate in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle strongly projected from lateral margin of pronotum, subacute. Sculpture of lateral face of pronotum sparsely punctate with interspersed micropunctures; mesopleuron densely micropunctate anteriorly, dense coarse and confused areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate along mesopleural ridge and basally above mesocoxa; metapleuron sculpture densely micropunctate, except on dorsa third mostly impunctate with vestigial oblique rugosities anterior to propodeal spiracle. Lateral face of propodeum sparsely punctate anteriorly, with dense coarse confused horizontally oblique rugosities along posterior margin interspersed with coarse areolations. Ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 72:91:81:67:62. Lateral margin of mesonotum not emarginated anterior to propodeal spiracle, smoothly and slightly diverging anterad. Propodeal spiracle virtually flat against lateral margin of mesosoma; post-spiracular absent. Scutellar scale present, well-developed, slightly narrower than and separated from well-developed anterolateral carinae which are connected thus forming a single transverse carina with shallow emargination medially; scabrous intervals present on scutellar area. Posterior face of propodeum longer than and poorly distinguished from dorsal face. Metasoma. Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 42:94:93. T2 slightly wider than long, with maximum width posterior to midlength; roundly angled laterally, with apparent dorsal and lateral faces. Disc of T2 dense, coarse and confused foveolate-punctate, denser and coarser mediad; sculpture of integumental spots sparse coarse shallow foveolatepunctate. Sculpture T3 – 6, except pygidial plate, dense and coarse foveolate-punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures. S1 surface cuneiform, longitudinally elevated medially, equally high throughout. S2 sparse foveolate-punctate, foveolations sparser and smaller mediad; subapical transverse slope virtually absent medially, conspicuous laterally; anteromedial crest-fold well-developed. S3 – 6 dense foveolate-punctate with interspersed sparse micropunctures. Pygidial plate broad, subpyriform, defined by lateral carinae at apical third; surface with irregular, mostly longitudinal coarse rugosities; interstice apparently granulose. Male. Body length 11 – 16 mm. Head. Rounded subrectangular in dorsal view, posterolateral angles rounded. Vertex width 0.7 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular. Ocelli small; OOD 5.0 × DLO, IOD 3.1 × DLO. Occipital carina distinct. Head surface densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate punctate. Gena ecarinate. Antennal scrobe concave to eye margin, with prominent transverse dorsal scrobal carina starting narrowly separated from internal eye margin. Clypeus convex medially, concave laterally immediately below antennal insertion; coarsely and densely foveolate-punctate; with a pair of short, sessile, blunt tubercles on apical margin. Scape bicarinate. Flagellomere 1 2.2 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2 5 × pedicel length. Mandible obliquely tridentate apically, inner tooth slightly larger than middle tooth; lacking dorsal or ventral projections. Mesosoma. Epaulettes well defined, strongly projected from anterior margin of pronotum, rounded, broadly disconnected from humeral carina; humeral carina projected dorsally, anterolateral angles of pronotum sharp. Anterior face of propodeum coarsely and densely areolatepunctate laterally, impunctate medially, with a conspicuous longitudinal concave medial area. Tegula convex, mostly glabrous and impunctate except for dense punctures anterointernally. Mesoscutum densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate, intervals aligned so as to form vestigial longitudinal carinae; notaulus and parapsis indistinguishable. Scutellum convex, densely and coarsely areolate-punctate; with longitudinal irregular carina medially. Axilla produced posterolaterally as truncate projection, with conspicuous flat posterior face, coarsely and densely foveolate-punctate dorsally; posterior face of axillar projection arched. Metanotum slightly wider laterally, its surface obscured by dense setation. Propodeum dorsum concave, predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely areolate where visible; lateral face predominantly densely areolate, areolations vestigial anterad; posterolateral margins sharply angulate, posterodorsal corners in a straight angle in lateral view; dorsal and posterior faces indistinguishable. Lateral face of pronotum with dense coarse and confused longitudinally oblique rugosities; mesopleura with strongly projected sharply acute tubercle on dorsal half, tubercle slightly curved posteriorly in dorsal view; mesopleural sculpture densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate. Metapleuron densely and coarsely areolate punctate on ventral fourth, virtually unsculptured and smooth on dorsal fourth, micropunctate elsewhere. Wings. Forewing with elongate sclerotised pterostigma; marginal cell elongated, truncate apically; three submarginal cells. Legs. Simply setose, no strong spines discernible dorsally; spurs finely serrate on margins. Metasoma. T1 0.5 × as wide as T2. T2 length 0.8 × its width. Dorsal metasomal sculpture partially concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to simply punctate where visible, except pygidial plate on T7 irregularly rugose and weakly defined by parallel carinae apicolaterally. S1 longitudinally elevated medially, forming pronounced carina slightly higher posteriorly. S2 sparsely foveolate-punctate, foveolations conspicuously sparser and smaller mediad; with well-developed longitudinal anteromedial crest-fold ending on small and narrow longitudinal pit densely filled with setae. S3 – 7 sparsely and shallowly foveolate-punctate to punctate. S7 longer than broad, with a single subacute tooth-like projection on posterior margin. Genitalia. Parapenial lobe slightly pronounced apically. Ratios of free length of paramere, cuspis and digitus, 119:98:16; paramere slightly sinuous in dorsal view, upcurved apically in lateral view; with dense long setae ventrally except at apical third; cuspis thick, club-like, at its widest point slightly narrower than paramere in dorsal view, virtually straight throughout, slightly narrower apically and basally, densely covered in thick setae throughout; paracuspis welldeveloped, not sessile, roundly subtriangular, densely setose, setae as long as paracuspis; digitus short, curved inward in dorsal view and upcurved in lateral view, setose dorsally; penis valve strongly concave on internal surface, with very closely spaced pair of teeth apicoventrally; apical tooth more acute and longer; subapical tooth subrounded, externolateral pocket present, very reduced; apical distance between teeth 0.05 × length of valve; dense setae present along apical margin and at base of teeth on external surface. Colouration and variations Female. Body and appendages predominantly black, except mandibles and most flagellomeres partially reddish-brown, and T2 with four usually subrounded reddish spots, varying in size in certain specimens; certain specimens might have very large spots which cause the anterior pair to be conspicuously or narrowly converging with the posterior pair. Body setae predominantly black except for the following areas with silverywhite setae varying in density: propodeal dorsum along lateral margins; coxae and ventral surface of meso and metafemora; T1 laterally; lateral areas of T2, lateral magins of T2, lateral felt lines of T2, and over posterior integumental spots of T2; fringes of T2 – 4 medially and laterally; fringe of T5 medially; T6, except pygidial plate, medially; S1 – 3. Male. Body and appendages black, at most mandibles and most flagellomeres partially reddish-brown. Body setae predominantly black except the following areas with silverywhite setae varying in density: metanotum and propodeum dorsum; legs partially; T1, anterior third of T2, lateral felt lines of T2, lateral margins of T2, and fringes of T2 – 5 laterally; S1 – 5 except fringe of S5. No conspicuous variations were observed in the specimens examined. Distribution Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina Material examined (113♀ 323) Type material. Lectotype: Traumatomutilla miniata, ♀, ARGENTINA, Catamarca (MLUH); Holotype: Traumatomutilla bispiculata, 3 (nec ♀), ARGENTINA, Santiago del Estero, La Balisa del Bracho, 20 km N.N.O. d ’ Icaño [kilometres northnorthwest of Icaño], Laguna Mamaita, E.R. Wagner, 1904 (MNHN). Additional material. BOLIVIA: Chugulasca [sic], 30 km SE [kilometres southeast of] Carandaity, 1♀, 25.I.1957, Stephen C. Bremley (EMUS); Cordillera, Aimiri, 1♀, 16.II.1971, Fritz (AMNH); PARAGUAY: Presidente Hayes, Yaragui, 23°06 ’ S 59°38 ʹ W, 1♀, 05.III.2003, U. Dreschel (FSCA); Cruce Los Pioneros, 4♀, 20 – 21.I.1996, B. Garcete (MIUP); Chaco, Loma Plata, 2♀, I.1956, Gerlach (AMNH); Filadelfia, 1♀ 13, I.1995, Arriagada (EMUS, AMNH); Agua Dulce, 2♀, X.1979, Fritz (AMNH); ARGENTINA: La Rioja: La Riojas, 13, XI.1967 (DGMC); Patquia, 13, XII.1933, K.J. Hayward (BMNH); Mascasin, 7♀, I.1962, F. Walz (MIUP) Mendoza, Mendoza, 13, 4. I.1908, Jorgensen (ZMUC); Estancia Pedregal, 4♀, 04.I.1907, Jorgensen (ZMUC); Estación Santa Rosa, 3♀, Jensen-Haarup (ZMUC); Desaguadero, 1♀, 13.II.2005, F. Stipo (EMUS); Salta: La Viña, 13, 22 – 25.XII.1983, M. Wasbauer (UCDC); Pocitos, 1♀, Martinez (AMNH); Campo de Cuervo, 1♀, II.1968, O.H. Casal (AMNH); Cobos, 1♀, I.1993, Fritz (EMUS); Tartagal, 13, XI.1971, Fritz (AMNH); Santiago del Estero: Icaño: bords du [banks of the] Rio Salado, environs d ’ Icaño, 13, XI.1909, E.R. Wagner (MNHN); Rio Salado, 15♀, 1916 (MNCN); bañados du [marshes of] Rio Dulce, 60 km O d ’ Icaño [west of Icaño], 1♀, 1909, E.R. Wagner (MNHN); Guarda Esolta, environs d ’ Icaño [outskirts of Icaño], 1♀, 1909, E.R. Wagner (MNHN); Ruta 9, 70 km S Sgo. del Estero [70 km south of Santiago del Estero], 1♀, 20.I.2002, F. & P. Cassola (DGMC); Sumampa, 1♀, IV.1955, Duret (MNHN); Los Telares, 13, 15.VII – 13.VIII.1976, J.S. Noyes (BMNH); 37 – 47 k. s.e. [37 to 47 km southeast of] Añatuya, 1♀, 20.XI.1979, C. & M. Vardy (BMNH); Thermas de Rio Hondo, 1♀, 27 – 28.XI.1979, C. & M. Vardy (BMNH); 13 k s.e. [kilometres southeast of] Colonia Dora, 1♀, 17 – 19. XI.1979, C. & M. Vardy (BMNH); Chaco: El Cabure, 1♀, XII.1983, Fritz (AMNH); Miraflores, 1♀, II.1992, González (AMNH); Fuerte Esperanza, 2♀, XI.1978, Fritz (AMNH); Rio Tapenago, 1♀, fevrier [february] (MNCN); Cordoba: Cordoba, 3♀, III.1971, Fritz y Martinez (AMNH); Copacabana, 3♀, II.1980, Fritz (AMNH); Guanaco Muerto, 4♀, II.1971, Fritz (AMNH); Jujuy: San Pedro, 1♀, 25.XI.1947, Duret (MNHN); La Rioja: Iliar, 1♀, 1929, M. Gomez (MNCN); Olta, 1♀, 08.XII.1959, Libof [sic] (LACM); Patquia, 2♀, 04.XII.1960, Yivoff (USNM); Villa Mazan, 13, 15.I.2005, L.A. Stange (FSCA); Santa Fé: Las Garzas, 1♀, E. Le Moult (MNCN); San Luis, San Jeronimo, 2♀, I.1979, Williner (AMNH); Tucuman: 4 km S [kilometres south of] Capitan Caceres, 23, 24.X.2003, Irwin & Parker (EMUS); Formosa, Monte Cindo [sic], 16.XII.1948 (MNHN); Catamarca: Coneta, 16 km S Catamarca, 113, 25.X.2003, Irwin & Parker (EMUS); Palo Labrado, 23 km S [kilometres south of] La Merced, 23, 24.X.2003, Irwin & Parker (EMUS); Trampasacha, 8 km W [kilometres west of] Chumbicha, 33, 25.X.2003, Irwin & Parker (EMUS). An additional 37 females and six males from Argentina as well as four females from Paraguay were also examined (AMNH, DEI, EMUS, FSCA, MNHN, ZMUC). Remarks There are conspicuous structural parallels between males previously known as T. bispiculata and females of T. miniata that permitted these species to be associated. Females of T. miniata have various body segments remarkably angulate, especially the limits between the mesosomal dorsum and mesosomal sides, to the extent that the sides of the mesosoma are virtually flat to concave in some specimens. Additionally, T2 is angulate to the point of having a somewhat distinct lateral face. The T2 character can also be observed in males of T. bispiculata, which have a sharply angulate propodeum that can be viewed as parallel to the overall angulate female mesosoma. Certain male specimens may have the propodeum almost flat, but never convex, and in these cases they are also slightly depressed sublaterally on the dorsal face. Females can have the frons with an inconspicuous longitudinal carina or conspicuous smooth unsculptured medial area. Additionally, females can have a variably conspicuous anteroventral (in relation to the pronotal spiracles) tubercle on the lateral face of the pronotum., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, Marcio L., 2020, Revision of the Traumatomutilla juvenilis species group (Hymenopteraı Mutillidae), pp. 2639-2683 in Journal of Natural History 53 (43) on pages 2669-2675, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1715501, http://zenodo.org/record/3666586, {"references":["Gerstaecker A. 1874. Mutillarum Americae meridionalis indigenarum synopsis systematica et synonymica. Arch Naturgesch. 40 (41 - 77): 299 - 328.","Andre E. 1902. Fam. Mutillidae. In: Wytsman P, editor. Genera Insectorum. Bruxelles, Fasc: V. Verteneueil & L. Desmet. 11. p. 1 - 77.","Andre E. 1904. Examen critique d ' une nouvelle classification proposee par M. le Dr. W. H. Ashmead pour le famille des Mutillides. Rev Entomol. 23 (1): 27 - 41.","Andre E. 1907. Description d ' especes nouvelles de Mutillides appartenant au Museum d ' Histoire naturelle de Paris. Z Syst Hymenopterol Dipterol. 7 (5): 337 - 352.","Nonveiller G. 1990. Catalogue of the Mutillidae, Myrmosidae and Bradynobaenidae of the Neotropical Region including Mexico (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Hymenopterorum Catalogus (Nova Editio), 18. Den Haag: SPB Academic Publishing; p. 1 - 150."]}

Traumatomutilla guarata Casal, 1969 (Figures 10 (a – c), 11(a – f)) Traumatomutilla guarata Casal, 1969: 291, holotype, ♀, Brazil, Distrito Federal [Rio de Janeiro], [Rio de Janeiro], Guaratiba, 10.III.1952, A.G.A. Silva (AMNH) examined. Diagnosis Female. Mesosoma strongly constricted anterior to propodeal spiracle in dorsal view, lateral face of propodeum evenly foveolate-punctate, frons with golden setae. Male. Cuspis slender and predominantly asetose, pygidial plate through apical half of T7, lateral face of propodeum with golden setae. Description Female. Body length 12 – 17 mm. Head. Posterior margin virtually straight. Occipital carina slightly swollen and smoothly curved dorsolaterally. Vertex width 0.55 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular, its length in frontal view 0.8 × to the distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Head sculpture concealed by dense setation, except gena and malar space densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate. Mandible with small subapical tooth. Dorsal scrobal carina present, well-defined, reaching but not extending over antennal tubercles; lateral scrobal carina virtually absent. Antennal tubercles virtually unsculptured, smooth and shinning. Flagellomere 1 2.4 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2 1.8 × pedicel length. Mesosoma. Dorsal thoracic length 0.8 × its width. Mesosomal dorsum well differentiated from pleurae, lateral margins rounded, not sharp or angulate; sculpture predominantly obscured by dense setation, dense and coarse areolate-punctate where visible, denser and smaller mediad; intervals vestigially scabrous. Anterior face of propodeum well-defined, coarsely striated longitudinally medially, sparsely punctate laterally; dorsal face roundly angulate into anterior face in lateral view. Humeral carina present, broadly separated from well-defined, slightly projected, rounded epaulette; anterolateral corners of pronotum rounded in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle projected from lateral margin of pronotum, rounded. Sculpture of lateral face of pronotum sparsely punctate with dense micropunctures; mesopleuron densely micropunctate anteriorly, dense coarse and confused foveolate-punctate along mesopleural ridge, concealed by dense setation elsewhere; metapleuron sculpture predominantly concealed by dense setation, except dorsal fourth unsculptured and asetose, smooth. Lateral face of propodeum densely and coarsely foveolate punctate with interspersed micropunctures on posteroventral half. Ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 52:67:65:55:53. Lateral margin of mesonotum slightly emarginated anterior to propodeal spiracle, smoothly diverging anterad. Propodeal spiracle strongly projected from lateral margin of mesosoma; post-spiracular area absent. Scutellar scale present, well-developed, slightly narrower than and separated from well developed anterolateral carinae which are connected thus forming a single transverse carina with shallow emargination medially; scabrous intervals present on scutellar area. Posterior face of propodeum slightly longer than and poorly distinguished from dorsal face. Metasoma. Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 38:88:86. Disc of T2 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to punctate, sculpture denser and smaller mediad, sparser and shallower over integumental spots. T3 – 6, except pygidial plate, predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate where visible. S1 sparsely punctured, surface cuneiform, ending in a rounded longitudinal carina, equally high throughout. S2 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate, more sparserly so posteromedially; anteromedial crest-fold vestigial. S3 – 6 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate. Pygidial plate broadly subovate, defined by lateral carinae at apical half of plate; surface mostly irregularly longitudinally rugose, rugae vestigial laterally. Male. Body length 15 mm. Head. Rounded subrectangular in dorsal view, posterolateral angles rounded. Vertex width 0.75 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular. Ocelli small; OOD 3.5 × DLO, IOD virtually equal to DLO. Occipital carina distinct. Head surface densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to punctate. Gena ecarinate. Antennal scrobe concave to eye margin, with prominent transverse dorsal scrobal carina narrowly separated from internal eye margin. Clypeus slightly concave laterally immediately below antennal insertion, convex medially; coarsely and densely foveolate-punctate to punctate; with a pair of short, sessile, blunt tubercles on apical margin. Scape bicarinate. Flagellomere 1.75 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2.1 × pedicel length. Mandible obliquely tridentate apically, inner tooth slightly larger than middle tooth; lacking dorsal or ventral projections. Mesosoma. Epaulettes well defined, slightly projected from anterior margin of pronotum, rounded, broadly separated from humeral carina, anterolateral angles of pronotum subangulate. Anterior face of propodeum coarsely foveolate-punctate to punctate laterally, unsculptured medially, with a conspicuous longitudinal slightly concave medial area. Tegula convex, mostly glabrous and impunctate except for dense coarse punctures anteriorly and along inner margin. Mesoscutum densely and coarsely foveolatepunctate, notaulus and parapsis indistinguishable. Scutellum convex, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate. Axilla produced posterolaterally as truncate projection, with conspicuous flat posterior face, coarsely and densely foveolate-punctate dorsally; posterior face of axillar projection arched. Metanotum slightly wider laterally, its surface obscured by dense setation. Propodeum dorsum convex, partially concealed by dense setation, densely areolate where visible; lateral face predominantly densely areolate, areolations less defined anterad; posterolateral margins rounded, posterodorsal corners rounded in lateral view; dorsal and posterior faces indistinguishable. Lateral face of pronotum densely coarsely and confusedly foveolate-punctate to punctate with interspersed micropunctures; mesopleura with strong blunt tubercle on dorsal half; mesopleural sculpture densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate with interspersed micropunctures anteriorly. Metapleuron sculpture concealed by dense setation. Wings. Forewing with elongate sclerotised pterostigma; marginal cell elongated, truncate apically; three submarginal cells. Legs. Simply setose, no strong spines discernible dorsally; spurs finely serrate on margins. Metasoma. T1 0.5 × as wide as T2. T2 length 0.9 × its width. Dorsal metasomal sculpture partially concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to simply punctate where visible, except pygidial plate on T7 irregularly rugose and weakly defined by parallel carinae apicolaterally, rugosities predominantly transverse. S1 longitudinally elevated medially, forming pronounced carina slightly higher posteriorly. S2 foveolate-punctate, foveolations conspicuously sparser and smaller mediad; with well-developed longitudinal anteromedial crest-fold ending on elongate and narrow longitudinal pit densely filled with setae. S3 – 7 sparsely foveolatepunctate to punctate. S7 slightly broader than long, with a pair of subacute closely spaced tooth-like projections on posterior margin. Genitalia. Parapenial lobe slightly pronounced apically. Ratios of free length of paramere, cuspis and digitus, 64:55:7; paramere slightly sinuous in dorsal view, upcurved apically in lateral view; with dense long setae ventrally except at apically with setae conspicuously reduced; cuspis narrow, slender, in dorsal view slightly curved inward at basal half and curved outward in apical half; conspicuously and smoothly widened apically; predominantly asetose with sparse conspicuous setae ventrally at apex; paracuspis well-developed, not sessile, twice as long as wide, roundly subtriangular at apical margin, densely setose, setae predominantly shorter than paracuspis; digitus short, curved inward in dorsal view and upcurved in lateral view, setose dorsally; penis valve strongly concave on internal surface, with very closely spaced pair of teeth apicoventrally; apical tooth more acute and longer; subapical tooth acute, externolateral vestigial; apical distance between teeth 0.03 × length of valve; dense setae present along apical margin and at base of teeth on external surface. Colouration and variations Female. Integument predominantly black to reddish-black except mandibles basally and most flagellomeres ventrally reddish-brown. Setae predominantly silvery-white to silverygolden varying in density except the following areas with black setae varying in density: gena, malar space, posterior margin of vertex, ventral surface of head, pronotum, mesonotal dorsum, propodeal dorsum medially, T1 – 2 medially, fringe of T2 medially, and fringe of T3 – 5 sublaterally; no conspicuous colour or setae variations were observed in the specimens examined. Male. Integument entirely black except most flagellomeres reddish-brown ventrally. Setae predominantly silvery-white varying in density except the following areas with black setae varying in density: head predominantly, pronotum, mesopleuron above tubercle, mesonotum, axillae, scutellum, T2 posteromedially, fringe of T2 – 5 medially and T6 – 7; no conspicuous colour or setae variations were observed in the specimens examined. Distribution Brazil. Material examined (33 19♀) Type material. Holotype of Traumatomutilla guarata, ♀, BRAZIL, D .[istrito?] Federal [Rio de Janeiro], [Rio de Janeiro], Guaratiba, 10.III.1952, A.G.A. Silva (AMNH); Additional material. BRAZIL, 1♀, (BMNH); Bahia, Freitas, 1♀, 30.III.2004, Santos J.R.M. (CEPLAC); Nova Vicosa, 1♀, 19.XII.1994, Carvalho K (MIUP); Espírito Santo, Linhares. Parque Sooretama, 1♀, V.1953, P.A. Teles (MNCN); Parque Sooretama, 3♀, XI.1967, Oliveira F.M. (DZUP); 2♀, 02.XI.1964, Seabra, Werner & Oliveira (DZUP); Linhares, 1♀, 18. I.1971, Alvarenga (DZUP); 1♀, XI.1965, Alvarenga (DZUP); 1♀, 20.XI.1971, Domingos A.C. (DZUP); Pinheiros, 1♀, 06.XI.1971, Lima J.M. (DZUP); Sta. Teresa, 1♀, 25.I.1994, IC Nascimento (MIUP); Minas Gerais, nr[near] Timóteo, 13, 13 – 20.X.1997, Eurico R. DePaula (EMUS); 13, 30.IX.1999, Eurico R. DePaula (EMUS); Nova Resende, 1♀, VII.1961, Elias C. (DZUP); Ataleia, 2♀, 27.I.1994, Cardoso, I. (MIUP); Rio de Janeiro, 13, II.1912, (CASC); 1♀, II.1960, Silva A. (DZUP). Remarks Mickel identified numerous specimens of this species in different collections as ‘ T. speciosa sp. n. ’ and even labelled certain specimens as paratypes. No mention of the name, however, was ever made in published literature. Males herein associated with T. guarata, though almost structurally identical to the other males of the T. juvenilis species group, can be reliably associated with the females based on distribution and their distinct setal pattern, which can be observed in both sexes of species typical of the Atlantic Forest, such as Hoplocrates cephalotes (Swederus), Hoplomutilla spinosa (Swederus), Pappognatha patruelis (André), and Ephuta chrysodora (Perty) (KAW, pers. obs.)., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, Marcio L., 2020, Revision of the Traumatomutilla juvenilis species group (Hymenopteraı Mutillidae), pp. 2639-2683 in Journal of Natural History 53 (43) on pages 2675-2680, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1715501, http://zenodo.org/record/3666586, {"references":["Casal OH. 1969. Sobre Traumatomutilla Andre (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae). Physis. 28 (77): 279 - 298."]}

Traumatomutilla bellica (Cresson, 1902) (Fig. 51���55) Mutilla bellica Cresson 1902: 40. Holotype (designated by Cresson (1916: 80)) female, Brazil, [Mato Grosso do Sul], Chapada [dos Guimar��es] (CMNH), examined. Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) bellica Andr�� 1902: 54 (new combination). Traumatomutilla bellica Andr�� 1904: 40 (new combination). Diagnosis. Female. In addition to the structural characters referenced in the species groups diagnosis, T. bellica can be defined by its entirely black head and dorsum of mesosoma, and its longitudinal yellow integumental spots on T2. Description. Female. Body length 8-10 mm. Head. Posterior margin nearly straight. Occipital carina uniformly wide throughout; tubercles of vertex absent. Head width 0.8 �� pronotal width. Eye almost circular, its length in frontal virtually 1.4 �� the distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Front, vertex, and gena densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate, more finely so on gena and malar space; intervals slightly scabrous on front. Genal carina present, well defined, short, broadly separated from gular carina. Mandibles with small subapical tooth, unarmed ventrally and dorsally. Dorsal scrobal carina present, narrowly separated from antennal tubercles and broadly separated from lateral scrobal carina; lateral scrobal carina reduced to longitudinal impunctate smooth area. Antennal tubercles sculpture indistinct, apparently irregularly smooth. Flagellomere 1 2.5 �� pedicel length; flagellomere 2 1.75 �� pedicel length. Mesosoma. Mesosoma 0.8 �� as long as wide. Pronotum slightly wider than mesothorax. Anterior face of propodeum distinct from dorsal face, short, vestigially longitudinally striate ventrally and coarsely foveolate-punctate dorsally. Mesosomal dorsum densely, sharply and finely areolate-punctate throughout; intervals aligned appearing to form sinuous longitudinal carinae. Humeral carina present, well developed, slightly produced apically, disconnected from slightly pronounced epaulet; antero-lateral corners of pronotum angulate in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle virtually flat against lateral margin of pronotum. Sculpture of lateral face of pronotum predominantly micropunctate, except dorsal third sharply areolate-punctate and anterior margin sparsely foveolate-punctate. Mesopleuron sculpture predominantly micropunctate, except along mesopleural ridge sparsely foveolate-punctate. Metapleuron predominantly micropunctate, except ventral fourth coarsely foveolate-punctate and dorsal third unsculptured, smooth. Lateral face of propodeum micropunctate, for few scattered punctures along posterior and anterior margin. Post-spiracular area defined, with few sparse punctures. Ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 79:79:77:65:57. Lateral margin of mesosoma not constricted, simply diverging anterad and converging slightly posterior to pronotal spiracles. Scutellar, anterolateral carinae and scabrous intervals of scutellar area absent. Propodeal spiracle virtually flat against lateral margin of mesosoma. Posterior face of propodeum as long as dorsal face. Legs. Meso and metafemora strongly truncate apicolaterally; truncation deeply sulcate; apex of metafemora strongly and sub-acutely projected posteriorly. Metasoma. Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 41:91:91. T2 maximum width posterior to midlength. Disc of T2 dense and coarse foveolate-punctate to coarse punctate; foveolations sparser and larger laterad and over integumental spots. T3���6, except pygidium, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate. S1 anteriorly with vestigial longitudinal blunt crest. S2 sparsely foveolate-punctate; antero-medial crest-fold and subapical slope absent; sculpture smaller and sparser posteromediad. S3���6 dense coarse foveolate-punctate. Pygidium broad, sub-ovate, defined by lateral carinae except at basal third; surface with well-defined, slightly sinuous, longitudinal, unin- terrupted, subparallel costae; interstice granulose. Coloration and variations. No significant color or setae variations were observed. Body and appendages color predominantly reddish-brown to black, except for mandibles and antennal flagellomers partially orange-brown, and T2 with a pair of longitudinally elliptical yellow spots. Body setae predominantly brownish-black to black, except for silvery-white to silvery-golden setae varying in density on the following: lateral face of prontum; mesosomal pleurae; lateral face of propodeum; lateral felt lines, lateral margins and lateral spots on fringe of T2; lateral and medial spots on fringe of T3���4; medial spot on fringe of T5; T6 except pygidium; and S1���4. Distribution. Brazil. Material examined. (14♀) Type material. Holotype of Traumatomutilla bellica, ♀, BRAZIL, [Mato Grosso], Chapada [dos Guimar��es], [H.H. Smith] (CMNH). Other material. BRAZIL, Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimar��es, 4♀, 15.xi.2013, Melo, G.A. R., Luz, D. R., Williams, K.A. (DZUP); 2♀, 16.xi.2013, Melo, G.A. R., Luz, D. R., Williams, K.A. (DZUP); 2♀, 13.xi.2013, Melo, G.A. R., Luz, D. R., Williams, K.A. (DZUP); 1♀, 12.xi.2013, Melo, G.A. R., Luz, D. R., Williams, K.A. (DZUP); Mato Grosso, Chapada [dos Guimar��es], [H.H. Smith]: 1♀, v, (CMNH); 2#, x, (CMNH); 1♀, v, (MNHN). Remarks. Five of the examined specimens were collected by H. H. Smith in Chapada dos Guimar��es and formed the type series in Cresson���s (1902) paper. Over 100 years after these specimens were collected, nine additional females were collected by KAW and DRL in the same area. This strange species has apparently never been documented from any other locality. The color pattern for T. bellica approximates several other species from Chapada dos Guimar��es, such as T. rectilineata Andr��, T. andrei (Cresson), and T. ipanema (Cresson), appearing to be in an intermediate stage between circular spots on T2 (as T. virginalis) and longitudinal spots as in the previously mentioned species., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Luz, David R., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, M��rcio Luiz de, 2019, Traumatomutilla Andr�� miscellanea: Revision of the bellica, bifurca, diabolica, and vitelligera species groups, and a new group for the new species T. pilkingtoni Bartholomay and Williams (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae: Sphaeropthalminae: Dasymutillini), pp. 1-37 in Insecta Mundi 709 (709) on pages 24-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674793, {"references":["Cresson, E. T. 1902. Descriptions of some Brazilian Mutilla. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 28: 1 - 82.","Andre, E. 1902. Fam. Mutillidae. In: P. Wytsman. Genera Insectorum, Fasc. 11. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet; Brussels. 77 p.","Andre, E. 1904. Examen critique d'une nouvelle classification proposee par M. le Dr, W. H. Ashmead pour la familie des Mutillidae. Revue d'Entomologie 23 (1): 27 - 41."]}

vitelligera species group Diagnosis. Females of this species group are identified by a unique combination of characters: head unarmed posterolaterally; mesonotum rounded laterally, lacking longitudinal medial carina; scutellar scale distinct, connected to anterior transverse carina; apex of middle and hind femora truncate; T 2 having four integumental spots; gena carinate; pygidium broadly ovate. Males can be diagnosed by having the parameres conspicuously sinuous, with an isolated medial tuft of long setae ventrally; cuspis virtually straight and overall asetose, except for a small tuft of short setae apically. External characters include white meso- and metatibial spurs, truncate axilla, mesopleuron with blunt tubercle; hypopygium trapezoidal and T 3���5 entirely clothed with white setae. Included taxon. Traumatomutilla vitelligera (Gerstaecker, 1874). Distribution. Traumatomutilla vitelligera has been recorded from six South American countries, but we have seen specimens only from semiarid regions of Ecuador, Peru and Chile. Remarks. The vitelligera group is one of the three species groups of Traumatomutilla with only one species, T. vitelligera (Gerstaecker, 1874). As in T. diabolica (Gerstaecker, 1874), the mesosomal sculpture of T. vitelligera differs from other large-bodied Traumatomutilla by lacking the distinctive structures of the more diverse, large-bodied species groups [medial longitudinal mesonotal carina (indica), bilobate anterior transverse carina separated from scutellar scale (juvenilis), and lateral mesonotal tubercles (quadrinotata)]. The lectotype of T. vitelligera, however, has a conspicuous scutellar scale connected laterally with its anterolateral carinae, as in many species of the indica group. Additionally, aside from a few species found in northwestern Colombia, this is the only species in Traumatomutilla known west of the Andes., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Luz, David R., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, M��rcio Luiz de, 2019, Traumatomutilla Andr�� miscellanea: Revision of the bellica, bifurca, diabolica, and vitelligera species groups, and a new group for the new species T. pilkingtoni Bartholomay and Williams (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae: Sphaeropthalminae: Dasymutillini), pp. 1-37 in Insecta Mundi 709 (709) on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674793, {"references":["Gerstaecker, A. 1874. Mutillarum Americae meridionalis indigenarum synopsis systematica et synonymica. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 40 (1): 41 - 77, 299 - 328."]}

Traumatomutilla virginalis (Gerstaecker, 1874) (Fig. 56���60) Mutilla virginalis Gerstaecker 1874: 67. Holotype (by monotypy) female, Brazil, (ZMB), examined. Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) virginalis Andr�� 1902: 56 (new combination). Traumatomutilla virginalis Andr�� 1904: 40 (new combination). Diagnosis. Female. In addition to the structural characters referenced in the species groups diagnosis, T. virginalis can be defined by its mostly black head and dorsum of mesosoma, except for medial silverywhite to silvery-golden setae spot medially on vertex and longitudinal silvery-white to silvery-golden setae stripe medially on mesosomal dorsum. Description. Female. Body length 8-12 mm. Head. Posterior margin virtually straight. Occipital carina equally wide throughout. Head width 0.9 �� pronotal width. Eye almost circular, its length in frontal view 1.65 �� the distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Front, vertex, and gena densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate. Genal carina well-defined, short. Mandibles slender, evenly arcuate inwards apicad, with small subapical tooth, unarmed ventrally and dorsally. Dorsal scrobal carina well defined, broadly separated from antennal tubercles and virtually absent lateral scrobal carina. Anten- nal tubercle irregularly and vestigially rugose. Flagellomere 1 2.9 �� pedicel length; flagellomere 2 2.0 �� pedicel length. Mesosoma. Mesosomal length 0.8 �� width. Pronotum virtually as wide as mesothorax. Anterior face of propodeum distinct from dorsal face, short, vestigially longitudinally striate ventrally and coarsely foveolate-punctate dorsally. Mesosomal dorsum densely, sharply and finely areolate-punctate throughout; intervals aligned appearing to form sinuous longitudinal carinae. Humeral carina present, well developed, slightly produced apically, disconnected from slightly pronounced epaulet; antero-lateral corners of pronotum angulate in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle virtually flat against lateral margin of pronotum. Sculpture of lateral face of pronotum, mesosomal pleurae and lateral face of propodeum predominantly micropunctate, except for dorsal third and anterior margin of lateral face of pronotum sharply foveolate-punctate, mesopleural ridge densely foveolate-punctate; anterior and posterior margins of lateral face of propodeum sparsely foveolate-punctate. Post-spiracular area defined, virtually impunctate. Ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 80:86:84:68:63. Lateral margin of mesosoma not constricted, simply diverging anterad and converging slightly posterior to pronotal spiracles. Scutellar, anterolateral carinae and scabrous intervals of scutellar area absent. Propodeal spiracle virtually flat against lateral margin of mesosoma. Posterior face of propodeum as long as dorsal face. Legs. Meso and metafemora strongly truncate apicolaterally; truncation deeply sulcate; apex of metafemora strongly and sub-acutely projected posteriorly. Metasoma. Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 34:75:68. T2 maximum width posterior to midlength. Disc of T2 densely and finely foveate-punctate; sculpture overall larger and sparser laterad and on integumental spots. T3���6, except pygidial plate, densely and finely foveate-punctate. S1 anteriorly with vestigial longitudinal blunt crest. S2 sparsely foveolate-punctate; antero-medial crest-fold and subapical slope absent; sculpture smaller and sparser posteromediad. S3���6 dense coarse foveolate-punctate. Pygidium broad, sub-ovate, defined by lateral carinae except at basal third; surface with well-defined, slightly sinuous, longitudinal, unin- terrupted, subparallel costae; interstice granulose. Coloration and variations. Body and appendages predominantly brownish-black to black, except mandibles and antennal flagellomeres partially orange-brown. Body setae predominantly brownish-black to black, with silvery-white to silvery-golden on the vertex, frons, gena, malar space, ventral surface of head; medial longitudinal stripe on propodeal dorsum; mesosomal pleurae; lateral felt line, lateral areas, lateral margins, and integumental spots of T2; T3���4 medially and laterally; T5 medially; and S1���4. Some specimens may have the medial longitudinal silvery-white setal stripe on the mesosomal dorsum restricted to the propodeum whilst others may have remnants of silvery-white setae reaching the anterior margin of pronotum. Distribution. Brazil and Paraguay. Material examined. (18♀) Type material. Holotype of Traumatomutilla virginalis, ♀, BRAZIL, v. Olfers (ZMB); Other material. BRAZIL: Goi��s: 2♀, 1912, E. Gounelle, (MNCN, 163464, 163465); 2♀ (CUIC); Minas Gerais: 1♀, Reinhardt (ZMUC); 10km ao S de S��o Gon��alo do Rio Preto, 1♀, 14.i.2005, Melo G.A. R. & Costa (DZUP); Mato Grosso do Sul: Tr��s Lagoas, 1♀ (MZSUP); Tr��s Lagoas, marg. esq. Rio Sucuriu, Faz Cana��, 1♀, 10.xii.1967, Lane F. (MZSUP); S��o Paulo: Luis Ant��nio, Reserva de Jata��, 1♀, 16.x.1999, Melo G.A. R. (DZUP); PARAGUAY: Concepci��n: Cororo, 1♀, 25.ii.��� 1.iii.1997, B. Garcete (MIUP); 1♀, 13���17.xi.1995, C. Aguilar (MIUP); Amambay, Parque Nacional Cerro Cor��, 1♀, 17���18.v.2004, B. Garcete (MIUP); San Pedro: Rio Ypane, Cororo, 5♀, ii.1979, M.A. Fritz (AMNH); 1♀, xi.1983, M.A. Fritz (AMNH). Remarks. This species has only been recorded for the Chaco areas of Paraguay and Cerrado areas of Brazil. Additionally, its single longitudinal setal stripe on the mesosomal dorsum is uncommon in South American Dasymutillini, and is found only in some species of Suareztilla Casal., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Luz, David R., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, M��rcio Luiz de, 2019, Traumatomutilla Andr�� miscellanea: Revision of the bellica, bifurca, diabolica, and vitelligera species groups, and a new group for the new species T. pilkingtoni Bartholomay and Williams (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae: Sphaeropthalminae: Dasymutillini), pp. 1-37 in Insecta Mundi 709 (709) on pages 25-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674793, {"references":["Gerstaecker, A. 1874. Mutillarum Americae meridionalis indigenarum synopsis systematica et synonymica. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 40 (1): 41 - 77, 299 - 328.","Andre, E. 1902. Fam. Mutillidae. In: P. Wytsman. Genera Insectorum, Fasc. 11. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet; Brussels. 77 p.","Andre, E. 1904. Examen critique d'une nouvelle classification proposee par M. le Dr, W. H. Ashmead pour la familie des Mutillidae. Revue d'Entomologie 23 (1): 27 - 41.","Cresson, E. T. 1902. Descriptions of some Brazilian Mutilla. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 28: 1 - 82."]}

Traumatomutilla diabolica (Gerstaecker, 1874) (Fig. 61���65) Mutilla diabolica Gerstaecker 1874: 76. Holotype (by monotypy) female, Argentina, Rosario (MLUH), examined. Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) diabolica Andr�� 1902: 55 (new combination). Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) chilena Andr�� 1906: 48. Lectotype (designated here) female, Chile [Argentina], Neuquen (MLUH), examined. Synonymized by Mickel 1964: 169. Diagnosis. Female. Head unarmed, sculpture distinctly and coarsely foveolate-punctate; mesosoma without scutelar scale, longitudinal medial carina or mesonotal lateral projections; T2 with four large, reddish integumental spots. Description. Female. Body length 13-15 mm. Head. Posterior margin slightly convex. Head width 0.9 �� pronotal width. Eye length in frontal view slightly longer than distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Front, vertex and gena densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate. Mandible with small subapical tooth. Dorsal scrobal carina present, well-defined, not reaching antennal tubercles and vestigial lateral scrobal carina. Antennal tubercle finely and irregularly rugose. Flagello- mere 1 2.5 �� pedicel length; flagellomere 2 1.8 �� pedicel length. Genal carina present, broadly separated from gular carina. Occipital carina slightly swollen apicolaterally; tubercles of vertex absent. Mesosoma. Mesosoma 0.8 �� as long as wide. Mesosoma densely and finely areolate-punctate, areolations larger and sparser laterad. Anterior face of propodeum defined, striated longitudinally except coarsely punctate at dorsal margin. Humeral carina present, not pronounced apically, disconnected from well-defined and slightly produced epaulet, anterolateral corners of pronotum rounded in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle virtually flat against lateral margin of pronotum. Sculpture of lateral face of pronotum and mesosomal pleurae obscured by dense setae, except dorsal fourth of metapleuron asetose and impunctate. Lateral face of propodeum virtually unsculptured, smooth, with few scattered punctures. Ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 83:96:97:72:65. Lateral margin of mesosoma emarginated anterior to propodeal spiracle, slightly projected anterad. Propodeal spiracle conspicuously projected from lateral margin of mesosoma; post-spiracular well-defined, apparently unsculptured. Scutellar scale well-defined, slightly wider and more conspicuous than anterolateral carinae; anterolateral carinae, reduced, narrowly connected to each other, disconnected from scutellar scale. Scabrous intervals absent. Posterior face of propodeum longer than dorsal face. Metasoma. Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 25:59:67. T2 with maximum width posterior to midlength. T2 disc densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate; sculpture sparse and larger laterad. S1 with coarse uneven longitudinal carina, equally high throughout. S2 sparse coarse foveolate-punctate; subapical transverse slope present, interrupted medially; antero-medial longitudinal crest-fold vestigial. S3���6 dense coarse foveolate-punctate. Pygidium sub-ovate, defined by lateral carinae, except at basal third; surface confusedly, irregularly and finely costate; costae subparallel, mostly interrupted; interstice granulose. Color variations. Body and appendages black, except mandibles and antennal flagellomeres partially reddish-brown; T2 with four large orange to red integumental spots. Body setae predominantly black, except for silvery-white setae varying in density on the following: most of ventral surface of head; malar space; ventral half of gena; lateral face of pronotum; mesosomal pleurae; lateral face of propodeum; propodeal dorsum laterally; T1 laterally; integumental spots, lateral areas, lateral margin and lateral felt line of T2; fringe of T2���3 medially and laterally; T4���6, except pygidium, medially; S1���4. Certain specimens may have vestigial lateral silvery-white setae stripes on the propodeal dorsum, whilst others have such lines well defined. Distribution. Argentina. Material examined. (10♀) Type material. Holotype of Traumatomutilla chilena, ♀, [ARGENTINA], Neuqu��n, [18]95 (MNHN); Other material. ARGENTINA, Salta, Sumalao, 2♀, iii.1991, M.A. Fritz (AMNH); Tucuman, near Las Cejas, 1♀, 20.iv.1968, C.C. Porter (USNM); 8km N Cadillal, 1♀, 25.iii.1990, J.G. Rozen & A. Roig (AMNH); Mendoza, Estancia Pedregal, 1♀, 29.iii.1903 (ZMUC); Dep. De Cal- amuchita, El Sauce, 1♀, iv.1938, Manuel J. Viana (AMNH); Buenos Aires, Saladillo, 1♀, 26.ii.1911 (UMSP, compared with type Traumatomutilla chilena (Andr��) det. Mickel 1931; compared with type Mutilla diabolica (Gerstaecker) det. Mickel 1931); Srra. Ventana, m. 200, Pcla. B.As., 1♀, 14.iii.1972, Bord��n (AMNH); Neuqu��n, Choele Choel, 1♀, i.1990, U. Fritz (AMNH). Remarks. Mickel (1964) synonymized Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) chilena with T. diabolica without, however, providing any information on the designation of holotypes or lectotypes for either species. The type of Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) chilena has a 1931 label by Mickel identifying it as T. diabolica and a ���cotype��� label likely from Andr�� himself. The only specimen of T. diabolica from MLUH has no type labels whatsoever, simply a handwritten label identifying it as Mutilla diabolica, the locality label, Rozario [sic], and a control label from MLUH. Since this specimen matches the type of Traumatomutilla diabolica, and the type locality of the original description, a holotype labeled has been added to it. Traumatomutilla diabolica has been recorded from dry Chaco areas of Argentina and Bolivia, as well as Argentinian Montes. One specimen is recorded from a humid Pampas area in Buenos Aires province. Perhaps the only remarkable feature of this species is that it lacks the distinguishing characters of the typical large bodied Traumatomutilla of southern South America. Its color pattern is typical of the grasslands and xeric areas of Argentina. Additionally, to our knowledge this is the southernmost distribution for a species of Traumatomutilla., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Luz, David R., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, M��rcio Luiz de, 2019, Traumatomutilla Andr�� miscellanea: Revision of the bellica, bifurca, diabolica, and vitelligera species groups, and a new group for the new species T. pilkingtoni Bartholomay and Williams (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae: Sphaeropthalminae: Dasymutillini), pp. 1-37 in Insecta Mundi 709 (709) on pages 29-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674793, {"references":["Gerstaecker, A. 1874. Mutillarum Americae meridionalis indigenarum synopsis systematica et synonymica. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 40 (1): 41 - 77, 299 - 328.","Andre, E. 1902. Fam. Mutillidae. In: P. Wytsman. Genera Insectorum, Fasc. 11. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet; Brussels. 77 p.","Andre, E. 1906. Nouvelles especes de Mutillides d'Amerique. (Hym.). Zeitschrift fur Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie 6: 33 - 48, 65 - 80, 161 - 169.","Mickel, C. E. 1964. Synonymical notes on Neotropical Mutillidae (Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 33 (9 - 10): 163 - 171."]}

bellica species group Diagnosis. Females of this species group can be defined by a unique combination of characters: vertex unarmed, apex of middle and hind femora truncate, scutellar scale lacking, and T 2 with only two integumental spots. Additionally, the genal carina is weak, the mesosoma is not elongate, and the pygidium is broadly ovate. Included taxon. Traumatomutilla virginalis (Gerstaecker, 1874) and T. bellica (Cresson,1902). Distribution. Species of the bellica group have been found so far in Chaco areas of Paraguay and Cerrado areas of Brazil. Remarks. The two species of this group can be differentiated most readily by coloration and distribution; T. bellica has the head and mesosomal dorsum setae entirely black (Fig. 51) and is known only from the Brazilian Cerrado, while T. virginalis has whitish setae on the propodeum and vertex dorsum (Fig. 56) and its distribution extends into the Paraguayan Chaco. Apart from the characters mentioned in the species group diagnosis, both species from the bellica group have two apparently exclusive characters: the metafemur is strongly and subacutely projected posterodistally, in contrast to having a truncate metafemur and the intervals of the dorsal mesosomal sculpture form longitudinal sinuous carinae. Some species of the inermis group appear to approximate the first character whilst some species of the trochanterata group appear to approximate the latter. In both of these groups, however, the posterior margin of the head is armed with tubercles, which are lacking in the bellica group., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Luz, David R., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, M��rcio Luiz de, 2019, Traumatomutilla Andr�� miscellanea: Revision of the bellica, bifurca, diabolica, and vitelligera species groups, and a new group for the new species T. pilkingtoni Bartholomay and Williams (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae: Sphaeropthalminae: Dasymutillini), pp. 1-37 in Insecta Mundi 709 (709) on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674793, {"references":["Gerstaecker, A. 1874. Mutillarum Americae meridionalis indigenarum synopsis systematica et synonymica. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 40 (1): 41 - 77, 299 - 328.","Cresson, E. T. 1902. Descriptions of some Brazilian Mutilla. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 28: 1 - 82."]}

pilkingtoni species group Diagnosis. Females of this species group can be defined by a unique combination of characters: head unarmed posterolaterally; mesonotum simply divergent anterad, not constricted anterior to propodeal spiracle; scutellar scale and anterolateral carinae distinct; apex of middle and hind femora rounded; T 2 with two integumental spots; gena feebly carinate; pygidium ovate. Included taxon. Traumatomutilla pilkingtoni Bartholomay and Williams, sp. nov. Distribution. Traumatomutilla pilkingtoni has been recorded solely from southwestern Dry Chacos areas of Argentina. Remarks. Species groups of Traumatomutilla with small-bodied species tend to have the head posteriorly armed with tubercles, while larger Traumatomutilla lack these tubercles and have mesosomal armature. Interestingly, the small bodied T. pilkingtoni resembles small bodied members of the trochanterata and inermis groups but lacks head tubercles and various other traits. It does not, however, possess the diagnostic traits of any larger bodied groups either. In its lack of diagnostic features, it is somewhat similar to T. diabolica, which lives in similar habitats in Argentina, but these two species differ in other important Traumatomutilla features: head shape, T 1 shape, pygidium shape and sculpture, number of spots, tergal fringes, etc. As in T. diabolica, eventual discovery of the male will be necessary to understand its relations to other species groups. In the key to species groups (Williams et al. 2017), T. pilkingtoni keys out to the trochanterata group in couplet 16. It can be recognized by its broad pygidium (Fig. 69), while the trochanterata group has a slender pygidium (e.g. figure 16 in Williams et al. 2017)., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Luz, David R., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, M��rcio Luiz de, 2019, Traumatomutilla Andr�� miscellanea: Revision of the bellica, bifurca, diabolica, and vitelligera species groups, and a new group for the new species T. pilkingtoni Bartholomay and Williams (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae: Sphaeropthalminae: Dasymutillini), pp. 1-37 in Insecta Mundi 709 (709) on pages 32-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674793, {"references":["Williams, K. A., P. R. Bartholomay, and M. L. Oliveira. 2017. Species groups of Traumatomutilla Andre (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Insecta Mundi 0533: 1 - 33."]}

diabolica species group Diagnosis. The females of this species group can be separated from the other groups lacking posterolateral head tubercles by their simplified mesosoma: the scutellar scale is narrow; anterior transverse carinae and the, longitudinal mesonotal carina are absent the lateral mesonotal margins are rounded; the genal carina is present; and the femoral apices rounded. Included taxon. Traumatomutilla diabolica (Gerstaecker, 1874). Distribution. Bolivia and Argentina. Remarks. Williams et al. (2017) stated that the overall morphology of T. diabolica made it impossible to place this species in one of the more diverse large-bodied species groups such as the indica, juvenilis, and quadrinotata species groups. Discovery of males of this and other groups are necessary to understanding relationships within the genus., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Luz, David R., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, M��rcio Luiz de, 2019, Traumatomutilla Andr�� miscellanea: Revision of the bellica, bifurca, diabolica, and vitelligera species groups, and a new group for the new species T. pilkingtoni Bartholomay and Williams (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae: Sphaeropthalminae: Dasymutillini), pp. 1-37 in Insecta Mundi 709 (709) on page 29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674793, {"references":["Gerstaecker, A. 1874. Mutillarum Americae meridionalis indigenarum synopsis systematica et synonymica. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 40 (1): 41 - 77, 299 - 328.","Williams, K. A., P. R. Bartholomay, and M. L. Oliveira. 2017. Species groups of Traumatomutilla Andre (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Insecta Mundi 0533: 1 - 33."]}

Traumatomutilla pilkingtoni Bartholomay and Williams, sp. nov. (Fig. 66���69) Diagnosis. Female. In addition to the structural characters referenced in the species groups diagnosis, T. pilkingtoni can be defined by its orange-red head, T2 with a pair of longitudinally sub-ovate orangered integumental spots, and fringes of T2���4 mostly clothed with black setae. Description. Female. Body length 5���8 mm. Head. Posterior margin nearly straight. Head width nearly equal to pronotal width. Eye length in frontal view 1.3 �� distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Front vertex and gena densely foveolate, more sparsely so on transition area between front and vertex. Mandible unidentate. Dorsal scrobal carina well defined, narrowly separated from antennal tubercles; lateral scrobal carina virtually absent. Antennal tubercle shallowly and irregularly rugose. F1 1.85 �� pedicel length; F2 virtually as long as pedicel. Genal carina present, broadly separated from gular carina and hypostomal carina. Occipital carina slightly swollen dorsolaterally. Mesosoma. Mesosoma 1.1 �� as long as wide. Pronotum slightly wider than mesothorax. Mesosomal dorsum densely areolatepunctate, slightly denser posterad. Humeral carina present, disconnected from low rounded epaulet, slightly produced apically, antero-lateral corners of pronotum slightly angulate in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle virtually flat against lateral margin of pronotum. Sculpture of lateral face of pronotum and mesosomal pleurae obscured by dense setae, except dorsal fourth of metapleuron asetose and impunctate. Lateral face of propodeum virtually impunctate, smooth, shinning with scattered small shallow punctures. Ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 75:78:76:66:57. Lateral margin of mesosoma not emarginated anterior to propodeal spiracle, smoothly diverging anterad. Propodeal spiracle slightly projected from lateral margin of mesosoma; post-spiracular area absent. Scutellar scale present, welldeveloped, arcuate in posterior view, as wide as and separated from conspicuous anterolateral carinae; anterolateral carinae connected to each other. Scabrous intervals absent on scutellar area. Posterior face of propodeum longer than dorsal face. Metasoma. T1 sub-nodose 0.4 �� as wide as T2. T2 slightly longer than wide, with maximum width posterior to midlength. Disc of T2 densely foveolate to densely punctate mediad; sculpture sparser and larger posterolaterally and over integumental spots. T3���6, except pygidium, dense foveolate-punctate to dense punctate. S1 with conspicuous blunt longitudinal carina, slightly higher anteriorly. S2 sparse foveolate, sculpture smaller anterad; subapical transverse slope present, less conspicuous medially; antero-medial crest-fold absent. S3���6 dense coarse foveolate. Pygidium sub-ovate, defined by lateral carinae throughout its extension, except basal margin; surface irregularly rugose; rugae longitudinally interrupted, wavy; interstice apparently impunctate, smooth. Coloration and variations. Head, mesosoma, T1 and appendages orange-brown, darker on legs and antennal flagellomeres partially. Metasoma except T1 brownish-black with a pair of large longitudinally sub-ovate orange integumental spots on T2, nearly confluent medially. Body setae predominantly silverywhite to silvery-golden, except for black to reddish-black setae on the following: medial spot on vertex, mesosomal dorsum medially, T2 medially (except over integumental spots), T3���4 nearly entirely, and small areas on T5 posterolaterally. No conspicuous color or setae variations were observed for any of the females examined. Distribution. Argentina (Tucuman, Cordoba and Santiago del Estero provinces). Material examined. (35♀) Type material. Holotype, ♀, ARGENTINA, Cordova, Balnearia, ii.1971, Fritz (AMNH). Paratypes, ARGENTINA, Gran Chaco, 1♀ (MNHN); Tucum��n, 11km N Cadillal, 1♀, 03.iii.1990, J.G. Rozen & A. Roig (AMNH); 1♀, 25.iii.1990, J.G. Rozen & A. Roig; Santiago del Estero, 1♀, Mus��um Paris, E. R. Wagner 1935 (MNHN); A��atuya. 6♀, iii.1979, Fritz (AMNH); Barrancas, Ba��ados de Rio Dulce, 60km O D���Ica��o, 3♀, 1909, E. R. Wagner (MNHN); Outskirts of Ica��o, Mistol Paso, 1♀, janvier juin [i���vi?] 1912, E. R. Wagner (MNHN); 1♀, 1918, E. R. Wagner (MNHN); Banks of the Salado River, 1♀, xii.1910, E. R. Wagner (MNHN); Chaco, Rio Salado, 1♀, avril [iv?] (MNHN); Cordoba, Balnearia, 16♀, ii.1971, Fritz (AMNH); 1♀, ii.1971, Fritz (CSCA). Etymology: This remarkable species, is named in honor of the British philosopher, comedian, radio personality, presenter, author, and actor Karl Pilkington due to its rounded orange head. Remarks. The reddish/orange head integument, silvery white setae patterns of the mesosoma, and integumental markings of the metasoma of T. pilkingtoni are remarkably similar to other species from the same area, such as Cephalomutilla haematodes (Gerstaecker, 1874)., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Luz, David R., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, M��rcio Luiz de, 2019, Traumatomutilla Andr�� miscellanea: Revision of the bellica, bifurca, diabolica, and vitelligera species groups, and a new group for the new species T. pilkingtoni Bartholomay and Williams (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae: Sphaeropthalminae: Dasymutillini), pp. 1-37 in Insecta Mundi 709 (709) on pages 33-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674793, {"references":["Gerstaecker, A. 1874. Mutillarum Americae meridionalis indigenarum synopsis systematica et synonymica. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 40 (1): 41 - 77, 299 - 328."]}

Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Luz, David R., Cambra, Roberto A., Oliveira, M��rcio Luiz de (2019): Traumatomutilla Andr�� miscellanea: Revision of the bellica, bifurca, diabolica, and vitelligera species groups, and a new group for the new species T. pilkingtoni Bartholomay and Williams (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae: Sphaeropthalminae: Dasymutillini). Insecta Mundi 709 (709): 1-37, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3674793, {"references":["Andre, E. 1902. Fam. Mutillidae. In: P. Wytsman. Genera Insectorum, Fasc. 11. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet; Brussels. 77 p.","Andre, E. 1904. Examen critique d'une nouvelle classification proposee par M. le Dr, W. H. Ashmead pour la familie des Mutillidae. Revue d'Entomologie 23(1): 27-41.","Andre, E. 1905. Nouvelles especes de Mutillides d'Amerique. (Hym.). Zeitschrift fur Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie 5: 361-376.","Andre, E. 1906. Nouvelles especes de Mutillides d'Amerique. (Hym.). Zeitschrift fur Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie 6: 33-48, 65-80, 161-169.","Bartholomay, P. R., K. A. Williams, D. R. Luz, and M. L. Oliveira. 2018. New species of Traumatomutilla Andre in the T. tabapua and T. integella species groups (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae). Zootaxa 4433(2): 361-385.","Bartholomay, P. R., K. A. Williams, V. M. Lopez and M. L. Oliveira. 2019. Revision of the Traumatomutilla americana species group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Zootaxa 4608(1): 1-34.","Bradley, J. C. (1916) Contributions toward a monograph of the Mutillidae and their allies of America north of Mexico. 1. A revision of Ephuta Say, a genus of Mutillidae equivalent to the species group scrupea of Fox. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 42: 187-198.","Brothers, D. J., and A. S. Lelej. 2017. Phylogeny and higher classification of Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) based on morphological reanalyses. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 60: 1-97.","Cambra, R. A. 1997. Comparacion de la diversidad en la Sphaeropthalminae (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) de Costa Rica y Panama, con notas sobre Biologia. Scientia 12(2): 115-128.","Cambra, R. A., K. A. Williams, D. Quintero, D. M. Windsor, J. Pickering, and D. Saavedra. 2018. Dasymutilla Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) in Panama: new species, sex associations and seasonal flight activity. Insecta Mundi 0608: 1-17.","Casal, O. H. 1969. Sobre Traumatomutilla Andre (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae). Physis 28 (77): 279-298.","Cresson, E. T. 1902. Descriptions of some Brazilian Mutilla. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 28: 1-82.","Gerstaecker, A. 1874. Mutillarum Americae meridionalis indigenarum synopsis systematica et synonymica. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 40(1): 41-77, 299-328.","Harris, R. A. 1979. A glossary of surface sculpturing. Occasional Papers in Entomology 28: 1-31.","Klug, J. C. F. 1821. Entomologiae Brasilianae specimen. Nova Acta Academica Caesareae Leopoldino- Carolinae 10(2): 305-324.","Luz D. R., K. A. Williams, and P. R. Bartholomay. 2016. The mutillid wasps of the Dasymutilla paradoxa species group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Zootaxa 4193(2): 361-372.","Mickel, C. E. 1928. Biological and taxonomic investigations on the mutillid wasps. United States National Museum Bulletin 143: 1-351.","Mickel, C. E. 1964. Synonymical notes on Neotropical Mutillidae (Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 33(9-10): 163-171.","Nonveiller, G. 1990. Catalogue of the Mutillidae, Myrmosidae and Bradynobaenidae of the Neotropical region including Mexico (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Hymenopterorum Catalogus (Nova Editio), 18. SPB Academic Publishing; The Hague. 150 p.","Quintero, D., and R. A. Cambra. 2005. Pappognatha Mickel (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae: Sphaeropthalminae): new species, sex associations, hosts, and new distribution records. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 14(2): 191-199.","Rohwer, S. A. 1913. Results of the Yale Peruvian Expedition of 1911. Hymenoptera, Superfamilies Vespoidea and Sphecoidea. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 44: 449-450.","Smith, F. 1879. Descriptions of New Species of Hymenoptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Taylor and Francis; London. XXI + 240 p.","Williams, K. A. 2012. Systematics of Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) with species emphasis on Dasymutilla and their allies. All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1200. Utah State University Press; Logan, UT, USA. 327 p.","Williams, K. A., P. R. Bartholomay, and M. L. Oliveira. 2017. Species groups of Traumatomutilla Andre (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Insecta Mundi 0533: 1-33.","Williams, K. A., D. G. Manley, M. Deyrup, C. von Dohlen, and J. P. Pitts. 2012. Systematic review of the Dasymutilla monticola species group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae): using phylogenetics to address species group placement and sex associations. Zootaxa 3554: 1-29.","Williams, K. A., D. G. Manley, E. K. Pilgrim, C. D. von Dohlen, and J. P. Pitts. 2011. Multifaceted assessment of species validity in the Dasymutilla bioculata species group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Systematic Entomology 36: 180-191.","Williams, K. A., and J. P. Pitts. 2013. Caribbean and Mexican Additions to the Dasymutilla bioculata Species groups (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 106(4): 429-436.","Wilson, J. S., S. L. Clark, K. A. Williams, and J. P. Pitts. 2012. Historical biogeography of the arid-adapted velvet ant Sphaeropthalma arota (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) reveals cryptic species. Journal of Biogeography 39: 336-352.","Wilson, J. S., J. P. Jahner, K. A. Williams, and M. L. Forister. 2013. Ecological and Evolutionary Processes Drive the Origin and Maintenance of Imperfect Mimicry. Plos ONE 8(4): 1-7.","Wilson, J. S., J. P. Jahner, M. L. Forister, E. S. Sheehan, K. A. Williams, and J. P. Pitts. 2015. North American velvet ants form one of the world's largest known Mullerian mimicry complexes. Current Biology 25: R693-R710.","Wilson, J. S., A. D. Pan, E. S. Limb, and K. A. Williams. 2018. Comparison of African and North American velvet ant mimicry complexes: Another example of Africa as the 'odd man out'. Plos ONE 13(1): 1-15."]}

Traumatomutilla oxira Casal, 1969 (Fig. 46���50) Tramatomutilla oxira Casal 1969: 294. Holotype female, Brazil, Para��ba, Soledade, Juazeirinho (AMNH), examined. Diagnosis. Female. This species is separated from other members of the bifurca species group by having a genal carina, lacking a scutellar scale and, by the overall setal pattern with the head having black setae medially on the frons and vertex, mesosoma with silvery-white lateral stripes throughout and metasoma with a pair of closely spaced submedial spots of silvery-white setae. Additionally, the fringes of T2���5 have silvery-white setae only laterally and T2 is virtually devoid of dense and short setae laterally. Description Female. Body length 08 mm. Head. Posterior margin virtually straight. Head width 0.9 �� pronotal width. Eye length in frontal view 0.9 �� distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Head sculpture completely concealed by dense setae, except ventral surface, irregularly coarsely and shallowly punctate. Mandible with small subapical tooth. Dorsal scrobal carina present, well-defined, reaching antennal tubercles and vestigial lateral scrobal carina; lateral scrobal carina reduced to longitudinal, interrupted, impunctate area. Antennal tubercle coarsely and irregularly rugose. Flagellomere 1 1.8 �� pedicel length; flagellomere 2 1.3 �� pedicel length. Genal carina present, broadly separated from gular carina and hypostomal carina. Occipital carina equally wide throughout, tubercles of vertex absent. Mesosoma. Mesosoma 0.8 �� as long as wide. Mesosoma densely and coarsely areolate-punctate, areolations denser and smaller mediad. Anterior face of propodeum well-defined, vestigially striated longitudinally; micropunctate at dorsal third. Humeral carina present, narrowly connected to poorly defined low epaulet, anterolateral corners of pronotum rounded in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle slightly projected from lateral margin of pronotum. Sculpture of lateral face of pronotum and mesosomal pleurae obscured by dense setae, except dorsal fourth of metapleuron asetose and impunctate. Lateral face of propodeum coarsely and confusedly sculptured. Ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 53:62:59:51:44. Lateral margin of mesosoma not emarginated anterior to propodeal spiracle, smoothly and slightly diverging anterad, converging slightly posterior to pronotal spiracles. Propodeal spiracle virtually flat against lateral margin of mesosoma; post-spiracular absent. Scutellar scale and anterolateral carinae absent. Scabrous intervals absent. Posterior face of propodeum longer than dorsal face. Metasoma. Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 36:78:72. T2 virtually as wide as long, with maximum width posterior to midlength. Dorsal sculpture of metasoma mostly concealed by dense setae except laterally of T2 sparsely foveolate-punctate. S1 with coarse blunt longitudinal carina, equally high throughout. S2 dense coarse foveolate-punctate; subapical transverse slope absent; antero-medial longitudinal crest-fold absent. S3���6 dense coarse foveolate-punctate. Pygidium sub-ovate, defined by lateral carinae, except at basal fifth; surface with longitudinal interrupted subparallel costae; interstice rugose. Coloration and variations. Body and appendages reddish-brown to black. Body setae predominantly silvery-white, except for reddish-black to black setae on the following: medially on vertex and front, medially on mesosomal dorsum, medially on dorsal face of T1, most of T2 disc, and medially on T3���5. No significant color or setae variations have been observed in the specimens examined. Male. Unknown. Material examined. (10♀) Type material. Holotype of Traumatomutilla oxira, ♀, BRAZIL, Para��ba, Soledade, Juazeirinho, VI.1956, A.G.A. Silva (AMNH). Paratypes of Traumatomutilla oxira, 2♀, same label data as holotype (AMNH). Other material. 5♀ same label data as type series (DZUP); Pernambuco, Petrolina, 09��19���44.2������S 40��33���30.1������W, 1♀, 24���26.iii.2018, Martins H.O.J. (CSCA); 1♀, 14���16.v.2018, Martins H.O.J. (CSCA). Distribution. Brazil. Host. Unknown. Remarks. Williams et al. (2017) noted that T. oxira was structurally different from T. bifurca. The genal carina, though reduced, is distinct in this species and there is no trace of any scutellar scale or anterolateral carinae in the scutellar area except for a slight change in the sculpture intervals, which are wider in relation to the remainder of the mesosomal dorsum. Additionally, T. oxira is apparently a more slender species in comparison with T. bifurca. This species is known only from a single locality in northeastern Brazil, no putative males for this species have yet been found. For that reason, we refrain from transferring this species into another species group or erecting a new group for the species., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Luz, David R., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, M��rcio Luiz de, 2019, Traumatomutilla Andr�� miscellanea: Revision of the bellica, bifurca, diabolica, and vitelligera species groups, and a new group for the new species T. pilkingtoni Bartholomay and Williams (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae: Sphaeropthalminae: Dasymutillini), pp. 1-37 in Insecta Mundi 709 (709) on pages 20-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674793, {"references":["Casal, O. H. 1969. Sobre Traumatomutilla Andre (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae). Physis 28 (77): 279 - 298.","Williams, K. A., P. R. Bartholomay, and M. L. Oliveira. 2017. Species groups of Traumatomutilla Andre (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Insecta Mundi 0533: 1 - 33."]}

Quwitilla peruviana (Su��rez, 1970) (Figs 20���31) Dasymutilla peruviana Su��rez, 1970. Archivos del Instituto de Aclimataci��n Almeria 15: 177. Holotype ♂, San Miguel, [Lima], Peru (NHMB), examined. Dasymutilla homochroma Su��rez, 1970. Archivos del Instituto de Aclimataci��n Almeria 15: 173. Holotype ♀, San Miguel,[Lima], Peru (NHMB, examined). Syn. nov Extended diagnosis. Female. In addition to the characters described by Su��rez (1970) the females can be recognized by the antennal scrobe with well-defined dorsal carina connected laterally with well-defined lateral carina; length of thorax (pronotum+mesonotum) 0.9 �� its width; ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 58:65:65:53:48; scutellar scale small, narrowly connected to anterolateral carina; anterolateral carina more than 3 �� the width of scutellar scale; ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 30:73:68; T2 widest point posterior to midlength; S2 with anteromedial flattened area; anteromedial longitudinal crest-fold conspicuous; subapical transverse slope present. Male. In addition to the characters described by Su��rez (1970) the ocelli are small, OOD 5.1 �� DLO, IOD virtually equal to DLO; gena ecarinate; epaulet present, poorly developed, low, rounded, virtually flat against anterior margin of pronotum; meso and metatibial spurs black, finely serrated on margins. Distribution. Peru. Material examined. [2♀ 1♂] Type material. Holotype of Dasymutilla peruviana, ♂, PERU, [Lima ?], San Miguel, 08.III.1955, M. Markl (NHMB). Holotype of Dasymutilla homochroma, ♀, PERU, [Lima ?], San Miguel, 08.III.1955, M. Markl (NHMB). Other material: Tumbes, Desierto, 4 horas en carro antes de Tumbes, 1♀, 4.V.1971, J. & B. Bechyne, (MIUP) Remarks. Although Q. peruviana females are consistent in most aspects with the general morphological trends of the Dasymutillini, the clypeus and mandibles of the males are even more distorted than the other known Quwitilla males, Q. blattoserica. It is clear, however that these belong to the newly described genus based on their genitalia, which only differs from those of Q. blattoserica on the distribution of the paramere ventral setae. Su��rez (1970) raised the possibility of Q. peruviana being the male of Q. homochroma and discarded the hypothesis based on the fact that while both sexes of Q. blattoserica had coloration similarities, Q. peruviana and Q. homochroma were remarkably different. We consider that having both species collected in the same date and place in an area where diurnal species of velvet-ant are uncommon, and their clear similarities with Q. blattoserica are sufficient evidence for the sex association proposed here. As previously mentioned, the female of Q. peruviana appears to belong to a distinct color syndrome with other species west of the Andes. The male, however, remarkably approaches the color patterns observed in two other Mutillidae species occurring west of the Andes: Traumatomutilla vitelligera (Gerstaecker, 1874) and Hoplomutilla maculifrons (Andr��, 1906) (Figs 38���40). This could be an example of Dual Sex-limited Mimicry, which was first proposed by Evans (1968, 1969) in Neotropical pompilids, but has also been observed in Dasymutilla (Williams, 2012). Further studies into the mimetic syndromes of South American mutillids are needed., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, To. A. & Oliveira, M��rcio L., 2019, Does the genus Dasymutilla Ashmead occur in South America? The new genus Quwitilla, new combinations, and new distribution records from Neotropical velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), pp. 261-282 in Zootaxa 4623 (2) on page 269, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4623.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3255421, {"references":["Suarez, F. J. (1970) Datos sobre Mutilidos neotropicales VII. Algunas especies del Peru representadas en las colecciones del Museo de Historia Natural de Basilea (Suiza). Archivos del Instituto de Aclimataccion de Almeria, 15, 169 - 188.","Gerstaecker, A. (1874) Mutillarum Americae meridionalis indigenarum synopsis systematica et synonymica. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 40, 41 - 77 + 299 - 328.","Evans, H. E. (1968) Studies on Neotropical Pompilidae (Hymenoptera), IV. Examples of Dual Sex-Limited Mimicry in Chirodamus. Psyche, 75, 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1968 / 76089","Evans, H. E. (1969) Studies on Neotropical Pompilidae (Hymenoptera), V. Austrochares Banks. Psyche, 76, 18 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1969 / 50293","Williams, K. A. (2012) Systematics of Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) with special emphasis on Dasymutilla and their alles. All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1200. Utah State Univeristy Press, Logan, Utah, 327 pp. Available from: http: // digitalcommons. usu. edu / etd / 1200 / (Las accessed November 2018)"]}

Quwitilla bellatrix (Manley & Pitts 2007), comb. nov. (Figs 32–33) Dasymutilla bellatrix Manley & Pitts, 2007, Zootaxa, 1487: 29, Holotype ♀, Ecuador (DGMC). Diagnosis. Female. Head narrower than mesosoma, T2 with posteriorly bilobate area of black setae on anterior third, fringe of T2 with black setae medially and silvery-white setae laterally. Distribution. Ecuador. Material examined. ECUADOR, Guayas, 1♀, 2 km SE Sabanilla. 08. III.2003, F.T. Hovore (CASC); El Oro, 1♀, 3 km S. Arenilla, 50m, 26.II.2002, D. Curoe (MIUP). Remarks. This rare species, previously known from the holotype only, was fully described and is easily recognized by color and distribution. Although we were unable to study the holotype, the second and third known specimens are reliably consistent with the description and photographs provided by Manley & Pitts (2007). Manley & Pitts (2007) made no remarks regarding Quwitilla bellatrix (then Dasymutilla bellatrix) except that it was similar to Q. blattoserica (then D. blattoserica). Quwitilla bellatrix is indeed morphologically closer to Q. blattoserica than to Q. peruviana and might in fact be a color variant, and therefore a synonym, of the latter. We refrain from calling it so for the moment based on the limited material available from diurnal species of Mutillidae west of the Andes, their apparently disparate ranges, and the fact that we have yet to see an intermediate color form between these species.

Traumatomutilla americana species-group Diagnosis. The females of this species group can be defined by a unique combination of characters: posterior margin of vertex armed laterally with a pair of smooth impunctate subtriangular or subrectangular tubercles, one on each side; mesonotum not emarginated anterior to propodeal spiracles, slightly rounded laterally, lacking longitudinal medial carina; scutellar scale distinct, disconnected from anterior transverse carina; apex of middle and hind femora rounded; T1 with dorsal and anterior faces indistinct, smoothly rounded into each other; pygidial plate subovate, defined by lateral carina at least at apical half and with longitudinal subparallel often interrupted costations. Additionally, the genal carina is present and short, broadly separated from tubercles of vertex. The males can be defined by having the vertex slightly swollen medially, posterior to occiput; clypeus with a pair of closely spaced short, usually blunt tooth-like projections; short truncate axillar projection with well-defined posterior face; scutellum simply convex; T1 subnodose, with distinct anterior and dorsal faces. Additionally, most species have a small cluster of setae anteromedially on S2 and the pygidial plate irregularly rugose throughout, except T. quadrum which has a distinct posteromedial pit filled with setae on S2 and the pygidial plate mostly unsculptured, smooth, with dense shallow micropunctures apicolaterally. Included taxa. Three valid species: T. americana (Linnaeus, 1758), T. ocellaris (Klug, 1821), and T. quadrum (Klug, 1821). Distribution. East of the Andes ranging from Colombia and Venezuela to Argentina. Remarks. The T. americana group is one of the most commonly encountered groups throughout South America. As in other smaller-bodied groups, the mesosoma is comparatively robust and box-like with the posterior face of the propodeum conspicuously longer than the dorsal face. Males of the T. americana group have consistent external and genitalic morphology, with the exception of the males of T. quadrum which have a slenderer and nearly parallel cuspis throughout, in contrast with the abruptly tapered apical half or third of the other males in the group. Examination of the types of T. bellifera (Gerstaecker, 1874), T. lunigera (Gerstaecker, 1874) and T. compar (André, 1895) revealed that the first belongs to the T. trochanterata species-group and the latter two belong to the T. inermis species-groups. Some females from other species-groups approximate the T. americana species-group in overall morphology by having the apex of meso- and metafemora apparently rounded (T. compar (André), T. tetrastigma (Gerstaecker, 1874) and T. hemicycla (Gerstaecker, 1874) from the T. inermis species-group) and/or by having the pygidial plate comparatively broadened (T. tulumba Casal, 1969, from the T. trochanterata species-group). However, species from the T. inermis group have the pygidial plate subpyriform and species from both groups have T1 narrower and more distinctly petiolate., Published as part of Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Lopez, Vinicius M. & Oliveira, Marcio L., 2019, Revision of the Traumatomutilla americana species group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 4608 (1) on page 4, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4608.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2944349, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Pars II. Editio Duodecimae Reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 795 pp. [pp. 533 - 1327]","Klug, J. C. F. (1821) Entomologie brasilianae specimen. Nova Acta Academica Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Nature Curiosorum, 10 (2), 305 - 324.","Gerstaecker, A. (1874) Mutillarum Americae meridionalis indigenarum synopsis systematica et synonymica. Archiv f ʾ r Naturgesichte, 40, 41 - 77 + 299 - 328.","Andre, E. (1895) Diagnoses de quelques especes nouvelles de Mutilles du Bresil. Bulletin Bibliographique de la Societe Entomologique de France, 15, 320 - 322.","Casal, O. H. (1969) Sobre Traumatomutilla Andre (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae). Physis, 28 (77), 279 - 298."]}

Lomachaeta ptilohyalus Pitts & Manley, 2004 (Fig. 51) Lomachaeta ptilohyalus Pitts & Manley, 2004: 12. Holotype, ♂, Mexico, Oaxaca, 10 m North of Huajuapan de Leon (CNCI). Pitts & Manley (2004): Host. Diagnosis. MALE. The following combination of characters is diagnostic for L. ptilohyalus: the body is entirely black, except T2���3 are largely orange; the mandible lacks a ventral tooth basally; the head and T2 disc have separated punctures; the mesoscutum has sparse punctures; the forewing has its veins encompassing the basal 0.7 �� of the wing; the T1 shape is sub-sessile; the T2 fringe is composed of simple setae; and the paramere is virtually straight, laterally subcompressed, and having long setae ventrally throughout its length. Body length 4���6 mm. FEMALE. Unknown. Material examined. USA: Arizona: Maricopa County, Gila River, 10 km S. Arlington, malaise on sand beach, 200 m, 33��13.3���N 112��45.53���W, 25.V���03.VI.2010, M. E. Irwin (1♂, CSCA, Fig. 51). Distribution. This species has an apparently disjunct distribution in the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts (Arizona and California, (USA) and Balsas Dry Forests (Oaxaca, Mexico). Remarks. The holotype from Oaxaca, Mexico is separated from the other known specimens of L. ptilohyalus in hot deserts of the USA by over 2300 km. Further collections in Mexico may reveal other populations, or molecular data comparisons between Oaxacan and hot desert specimens may reveal that they are not conspecific. Either way, this is a compelling link between disjunct arid habitats of southern Pacific Mexico and the North American hot deserts., Published as part of Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A., Bartholomay, Pedro R., Luz, David R., Quintero, Diomedes & Pitts, James P., 2019, Review of the genus Lomachaeta Mickel, 1936 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) with new species and sex associations, pp. 101-136 in Zootaxa 4564 (1) on page 128, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2588770, {"references":["Pitts, J. P. & Manley, D. G. (2004) A revision of Lomachaeta Mickel, with a new species of Smicromutilla Mickel (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Zootaxa, 474, 1 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 474.1.1"]}

Lomachaeta warneri Williams, sp. nov. (Figs 36, 40) Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: the body is predominantly orange-brown, except the antennae, legs, and T3–6 are somewhat darker brown; the mandible has a barely perceptible ventral lamella that does not interrupt the ventral mandibular contour; the erect dorsal brachyplumose setae of the whole body are mostly yellow-brown; the mesosoma is coarsely areolate and lacks appressed subparallel pale setae; the mesosoma is compact, with the thoracic dorsal length 0.85 × its width; the T2 disc is sparsely punctate with the intervals partly smooth and partly microreticulate; the T2 fringe is somewhat dense with slightly thickened silvery setae; and the S6 lateral carina is shallow, but distinct. Description. FEMALE. Body length 2.5–3 mm. Coloration. Body reddish-orange except F2–10 dark brown; femora, tibiae, and tarsi largely brown; T2 apex and T3–5 brown; and T6 dark brown. Tibial spurs white. Erect dorsal brachyplumose setae entirely white to pale brown, many setae lighter at base; except T6 with setae predominantly brown. Mesonotum with few scattered subappressed simple white setae; fringes of T2–5 composed of subappressed white setae, those of T2 silvery, thicker than surrounding erect setae. Ventral and pleural setae white, except S6 setae largely brown. Head. Head width 1.1 × pronotal width. Frons, vertex and gena areolate, vertex with many intervals obliterated. Clypeus without distinct teeth or ridges. Genal carina extending anteriorly nearly to hypostomal carina. Mandible oblique, tapering, bidentate apically, with barely perceptible ventral lamella that does not interrupt ventral mandibular contour. Antennal scrobe without dorsal carina. Lengths of F1 and F2 each subequal to pedicel length. Mesosoma. Mesosoma compact; dorsal thoracic length 0.85 × width. Humeral carina distinct, angulate dorsally, not reaching epaulet. Mesosomal dorsum areolate; areolations clearly defined, not raised into tubercles; areolations slightly tighter anteriorly than posteriorly; dorsally with 12 areolations between pronotal spiracles. Pronotal and propodeal spiracles weakly swollen; lateral mesonotal tubercle weakly defined. Lateral propodeal face impunctate. Metasoma. T1 shape sub-sessile, mostly smooth. T2 slightly longer than wide. Disc of T2 with sparse punctures, intervals smooth. T3–5 and S2–5 with separated punctures, intervals shagreened. T6 convex. Incomplete lateral S6 carina shallow but distinct. MALE. Unknown. Material examined. Holotype, ♀, USA, Arizona, Coconino County, Hwy. 89A, 4.9 mi. [7.8 km] ESE of jct. 389, 36 o 55’20”N 112 o 15’10”W, 24.IV–25.V.2014, W.B. Warner, barrier pitfall with black cups (CSCA, Figs 36, 40). Paratypes: USA: Arizona, Coconino County, Hwy. 89A, 4.9 mi. [7.8 km] ESE of jct. 389, 36 o 55’20”N 112 o 15’10”W, 29.VI–26.VII.2014, W.B. Warner, barrier pitfall with black cups (2♀: ASUT, FSCA); Utah, Washington County, Mills Rd., 1.6 mi. [2.6 km] S I-15 exit 27; 37.2649 o N 113.3259 o W, 15.IV–3.VII.2015, barrier pitfall with black cups (1♀, CSCA). Other Material. USA: Arizona, Pinal County, 4 mi. [6.4 km] W Stanfield, 12.IV.1963, G.I. Stage (1♀, EMUS). Distribution. Colorado Plateau in Arizona and Utah. Etymology. Named in honor of William B. Warner, the collector of the holotype and many other important mutillid specimens. Remarks. This female apparently belongs to the L. crocopinna species-group (Williams & Pitts 2009) in having the ventral mandibular lamella obliterated and the pronotal and propodeal spiracles lowly produced. Within this apparent group, the thickened T2 fringe setae are unique. The specimen from Pinal County Arizona has the cuticle somewhat darker, the dorsal setae longer and darker, and the intervals of T2 with the microreticulations more distinct. Although these differences are not great enough to justify describing it as a distinct species at this point, they are enough to justify removing it from the paratype series.

Lomachaeta vacamuerta Williams & Pitts, 2009 (Figs 2, 3, 6, 7, 64) Lomachaeta vacamuerta Williams & Pitts, 2009: 239. Holotype, ♂, USA, New Mexico, Chaves Co. (EMUS). Lomachaeta vacamuerte Williams & Pitts, 2009: 242. lapsus calami. Diagnosis. MALE. This species can be immediately recognized by the unique genitalia, wherein the paramere is straight, subcylindrical, and having an apical tuft of long setae. The following characters are also useful for diagnosis: the body is entirely blackish, except the sometimes reddish tegulae; the mandible is unarmed ventrally; the gena is ecarinate; the forewing has its veins encompassing the basal 0.7 × of the wing; the T1 shape is subsessile; the head and T2 disc have separated punctures; and the T2 fringe is composed of simple setae. Body length 5–6 mm. FEMALE. This species can be recognized by the setae and mesosoma shape: the mesosomal dorsum and T2 disc have matching thickened posteriorly-directed subparallel appressed pale golden setae and the mesosoma is elongate, with the thoracic dorsum nearly as long as wide. Additional useful diagnostic features include: the mandible has a barely perceptible ventral lamella that does not interrupt the ventral mandibular contour; the head is clearly broader than the mesosoma; the T2 fringe is sparse and simple; and the S6 lateral carina is raised, rounded. Description. FEMALE (hitherto unrecognized, based on female from Kennedy County). Body length 3 mm. Coloration. Head, mesosoma, antenna, legs, and T6 predominantly dark brown; metasoma and bases of leg segments and antenna orange. Tibial spurs white. Body setae whitish yellow, except frons, mesonotum, and T6 with many erect setae darkened, at least apically. Mesonotum and T2 disc with long thick posteriorly-directed subparallel setae; fringes of T2–3 composed of dense thick subappressed simple white setae; fringes of T4–5 setae sparse, simple. Head. Head width 1.2 × pronotal width. Frons, vertex and gena areolate, vertex with some intervals obliterated. Clypeus without distinct teeth or ridges. Genal carina extending anteriorly nearly to hypostomal carina. Mandible oblique, tapering, bidentate apically, with shallow lamella baso-ventrally that does not interrupt the ventral mandible contour. Antennal scrobe without dorsal carina. Lengths of F1 and F2 each subequal to pedicel length. Mesosoma. Mesosoma elongate; dorsal thoracic length 0.95 × width. Humeral carina distinct, angulate dorsally, not reaching epaulet. Mesosomal dorsum areolate; intervals clearly defined, not raised into tubercles; areolations slightly tighter anteriorly than posteriorly; dorsally with 12 areolations between pronotal spiracles. Pronotal and propodeal spiracles weakly swollen; lateral mesonotal tubercle weakly defined. Lateral propodeal face impunctate. Metasoma. T1 shape sub-disciform, punctate. T2 slightly longer than wide. Disc of T2 with dense oblique punctures, intervals smooth. T3–5 and S2–5 with separated punctures, intervals obscure microreticulate. T6 convex. Incomplete lateral S6 carina rounded, raised. Material examined. USA, Arizona, Pima County, 550m, Silver Reef Wash, 4 km E. Vaiva Vo, Tat Momoli Mountains, malaise, 1–7.V.2006, M. E. Irwin (1♂, EMUS, Fig. 64); Texas: Kennedy County, 2.5 mi. S Sarita, 18–20.X.2002, B. Raber & E. Riley, pit-fall in sand (1♀, TAMU, Figs 3, 7); LaSalle County, Chaparral Wildlife Management Area, 13 mi. SW Cotulla, 28.293°N 99.383°W, 19.V.2006, J.S. Wilson and K.A. Williams (2♀, CSCA EMUS, Figs 2, 6). Distribution. Widespread in the western Nearctic, including Arizona, California, New Mexico and Texas (USA) and Sonora (Mexico). Remarks. This widespread species has variably colored tegulae in males. In Arizona and California, this species has orange tegulae, resembling the sympatric L. cirrhomeris (Fig. 42), L. ilex (Fig. 61), and L. litosisyra (Fig. 63); farther East, the males are uniform blackish. The putative sex association presented here is based on a process of elimination. Lomachaeta hicksi and L. vacamuerta are the only Lomachaeta species known from southern Texas and the female of L. hicksi is distinct (in nearly all species-level characters) from the females described above. The female from Kennedy County (Fig. 3) has different coloration than the two females from LaSalle County (Fig. 2). It is the only Lomachaeta we have seen with a dark head and mesosoma that contrast with an orange metasoma, a pattern rarely seen in mutillids, except among Dasymutilla Ashmead and Pseudomethoca Ashmead from the Texan mimicry ring (Wilson et al., 2015). If natural selection has favored the similarities of this species to the Texan mimicry ring, various hypotheses could explain its limited mimetic fidelity. These include phylogenetic constraints of the genus Lomachaeta, the relaxed selection hypothesis based on its small size (Penney et al., 2012), or the community diversity hypothesis based on presence of multiple potential models (Wilson et al., 2013).

Lomachaeta hyphantria Pitts & Manley, 2004 (Figs 9, 10, 15, 16, 53, 54) Lomachaeta hyphantria Pitts & Manley, 2004: 11. Holotype, #m, Bolivia, Dep. Beni, Rio Itenez (AMNH). Lomachaeta garm Williams & Pitts, 2007: 299. Holotype, #m, Colombia, Bolivar, PNN Gorgona La Suiris (IAvH). Williams & Pitts (2009): Synonymy. Diagnosis. MALE. The following combination of characters is diagnostic for L. hyphantria: the head and mesosoma are variegated orange and dark brown; the metasoma is black, except the pale yellow T1 apex; the mandible lacks a ventral tooth basally; the head and pronotum are areolate; the forewing has its veins encompassing the basal 0.7 �� of the wing; the T1 shape is disciform; the T2 disc has small punctures; the T2 fringe is composed of thick bristles; and the paramere is virtually straight and lacks an apical setal tuft. Body length 3���6 mm. FEMALE. This species can be recognized by the combination of a broadly areolate mesosomal dorsum and well-defined areolate lateral propodeal face. The areolations of the head are broad and have many transverse intervals obliterated, leaving a few apparent subparallel rugae. Additional useful diagnostic features include: the mandible lacks a ventral lamella; the mesosoma is compact, with the thoracic dorsal length 0.85 �� its width; the mesosoma lacks appressed subparallel pale setae; the T2 disc is moderately punctate, clothed with erect blackish brachyplumose setae, and the intervals mostly smooth; the T2 fringe is sparse and simple; and the S6 lateral carina is weak. Description. FEMALE (hitherto unrecognized, based on female from Venezuela). Body length 2.5���3.5 mm. Coloration. Head, mesosoma, legs, and T1 variegated orange brown and dark brown; remainder of metasoma blackish. Tibial spurs white. Erect dorsal brachyplumose setae yellowish to black-brown, blackish setae often whitish at bases. Head, mesonotum, and T3���5 with scattered subappressed simple usually white setae; fringes of T2���5 composed of sparse subappressed simple white setae. Ventral and pleural setae predominantly whitish. Head. Head width 1.1 �� pronotal width. Frons, vertex and gena broadly areolate; frons and vertex many transverse intervals obliterated, leaving subparallel subrugae. Clypeus without distinct teeth or ridges. Genal carina distinct to hypostomal carina, angulate at junction. Mandible oblique, tapering, bidentate apically, unarmed ventrally. Antennal scrobe with dorsal carina. Length of F1 1.2 �� pedicel; F2 length subequal to pedicel length. Mesosoma. Dorsal thoracic length 0.85 �� width. Humeral carina distinct to epaulet. Mesosomal dorsum areolate; intervals clearly defined, not raised into tubercles; areolations slightly tighter anteriorly than posteriorly; dorsally with 8 areolations between pronotal spiracles. Pronotal spiracles low rounded; propodeal spiracle tuberculiform; lateral mesonotal tubercle weakly defined. Lateral propodeal face areolate, with multiple complete areolations. Metasoma. T1 shape sub-disciform, punctate. T2 slightly longer than wide. Disc of T2 with dense oblique punctures, intervals smooth. T3���5 and S2���5 with separated punctures, intervals smooth. T6 convex. Incomplete lateral S6 carina weak. Material examined. BOLIVIA, Beni, Rio Itenez about 4 km above Costa Marques (Brazil), 12���18.IX.1964, Bouseman and Lussenhop (1♂, MIUP); BRAZIL: Roraima, Caracara��, Parque Nacional de Viru��, Vicinal na estrada perdida, 01��28���N 60��58���W, 24.XII.2015 ��� 07.I.2016, J.A. Rafael e equipe, malaise (1♂, INPA); Alto Alegre, Esta����o Ecol��gica de Marac��, 03��21���59������N 61��26���04������W, 01���15.IV.2016, R. Boldrini & J.A. Rafael, malaise (1♂, 1♀, INPA); Amazonas, Manaus, ZF2, Km 14, 02��35���21������S 60��06���55������W, 3���17.VIII.2016, J.A. Rafael & F.F. Xavier-Filho, malaise em igarap�� perto da torre (1♀, INPA, Figs 9, 15); 15���31.XII.2016, J.A. Rafael & F.F. Xavier- Filho, malaise a 18m na torre (1♂, INPA, Fig. 53); Reserva Ducke, 30.IX���9.X.2005, A. Aguiar, Malaise (1♂, INPA); 2��� 4.X. 20005, A. Aguiar, yellow-pan trap (1♀, INPA); Baixio Leste / Oeste, 14.II���6.III.2007, Freitas, G. & Feitosa, M, Malaise suspense no dossel (1♂, INPA); EMBRAPA, Guaran�� convencional borda, 02��53���42.18������S 59��59���10.58������W, 23.XI.2012, K. Schoeninger, malaise (1♀, INPA); Tef��, 03��19���45������S 64��41���13������W, 20.IX��� 5.X.2016, J.A. Oliveira, D.M.M. Mendes & J.A. Rafael, malaise (1♂); 1���5.XI.2016, J.A. Oliveira, D.M.M. Mendes & J.A. Rafael, malaise (1♂, INPA); 10���23.X.2016, J.A. Oliveira, D.M.M. Mendes & J.A. Rafael, malaise (1♂); Rond��nia, Itapu�� do Oeste, FLONA do Jamari, Trilha Pedra Grande, 09��11���39.4������S 63��04���55.3������W, 6.X.2014, J.A. Rafael, F.F. Xavier-Filho, R.M. Vieira & R.H. Aquino, malaise (2♀, INPA); Rio Guapore, opp. Mouth Rio Baures (Bolivia), 26.IX.1964, Bouseman and Lussenhop (1♂, MIUP). COLOMBIA: Magdalena, Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona, Zaino, 11��20���N 74��2���W, 50m, 29.V���14.VI. 200, Malaise, R. Henriquez, M. 241 (1♂, IAvH); Meta: Parque Nacional Natural Sierra de la Macarena, Ca��o Curia, Sendero Cachicamos, 3��21���N 73��56���W, 460m, 10.XI���21.XII.2002, Malaise, M. Duarte, M.2985 (1♂, IavH); Parque Nacional Natural Tinigua, Ca��o Nevera, 2��11���N 73��48���W, 390m, 23.XII.2002 ��� 7.I.2003, Malaise, C. Sanchez, M.3476 (2♂, IAvH, Fig. 54). COSTA RICA, Puntarenas, Est. Queb. Bonita, Res. Biol. Carara, 50m, L-N-194500, 469850, IV.1993, J. C. Sabor��o (1♀, INBio). PERU, Madre de Dios, Reserva El Manu, Estac. Biol. Pakitza, 1���6.III.1992, Malaise trap, R. Cambra (1♂, MIUP). TRINIDAD, W. I., Arima Valley, 800���1200 ft, 10���22.II.1964, Rozen and Wygodzinsky (1♂, MIUP). VENEZUELA: Aragua, Rancho Grande, 1100m, IV.1987, Bord��n (1♀, MIUP, Figs 10, 16). Distribution. This species is widespread in northern South America, including Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Trinidad, and Venezuela. First records for Peru and Trinidad. Remarks. Females herein associated with L. hyphantria have been repeatedly and consistently collected in the same traps as males of L. hyphantria in different areas of the Brazilian Amazon (Roraima and Amazonas states). These females and the males of L. hyphantria are the only species of this genus widely distributed throughout the Brazilian Amazon region to be found so far. Additional females were also found in regions where L. hyphantria is the only recognized male species, such as Venezuela. Both males and females of this species show conspicuous variations related to where they occur. This is especially evident when comparing females collected in the Brazilian Amazon with ones from Venezuela wherein females from the first are much darker and have the variegated pattern overall less evident in comparison with Venezuelan specimens. Males from the Brazilian Amazon are also overall darker than males from further north in South America, in accordance to what was mentioned by Williams & Pitts (2009), even specimens from areas near the Brazilian-Venezuelan border (Roraima state). The main differences that can be added to the observations already made by Williams & Pitts (2009) is that specimens from Rond��nia, Amazonas and Roraima states in Brazil have the legs and antennae almost completely black, the thick bristles of T2 are black, mandibles are darker and the integument of the head is almost completely reddish-brown, except around the ocelli where it is black. The second northern Neotropical female specimen, mentioned above in the Remarks for L. chionothrix, cannot be readily separated from South American L. hyphantria specimens. Given that no males of L. hyphantria have been found in Central America, and that females are more difficult to differentiate than males, the distribution of L. hyphantria in Central America should be considered as tentative., Published as part of Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A., Bartholomay, Pedro R., Luz, David R., Quintero, Diomedes & Pitts, James P., 2019, Review of the genus Lomachaeta Mickel, 1936 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) with new species and sex associations, pp. 101-136 in Zootaxa 4564 (1) on pages 118-119, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2588770, {"references":["Pitts, J. P. & Manley, D. G. (2004) A revision of Lomachaeta Mickel, with a new species of Smicromutilla Mickel (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Zootaxa, 474, 1 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 474.1.1","Williams, K. A. & Pitts, J. P. (2007) New species of the predominately temperate velvet ant genera Lomachaeta Mickel and Sphaeropthalma Blake from Central and northern South America (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 133 (3 - 4), 297 - 326. https: // doi. org / 10.3157 / 0002 - 8320 - 133.3.297","Williams, K. A. & Pitts, J. P. (2009) Eight new species of Lomachaeta Mickel and the synonymy of Smicromutilla Mickel (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 18 (2), 227 - 243."]}

Lomachaeta hedera Williams & Pitts, 2009 (Figs 33, 37, 62) Lomachaeta hedera Williams & Pitts, 2009: 231. Holotype, ♂, Mexico, Baja California Sur, Arroyo San Gregorio (CSCA). Diagnosis. MALE. This species can be immediately recognized by the unique genitalia, wherein the paramere is virtually straight, laterally subcompressed, and long setae throughout apical half of free paramere length ventrally. The following characters are also useful for diagnosis: the body is entirely blackish; the mandible is unarmed ventrally; the forewing has its veins encompassing the basal 0.7 �� of the wing; the T1 shape is sub-sessile; the head and T2 disc have separated punctures; and the T2 fringe is composed of simple setae. Body length 4���5 mm. FEMALE. This species can be recognized by the body color, which is mostly orange, except the legs, antennae and T6 are entirely blackish. Additional useful diagnostic features include: the mandible lacks a ventral lamella; the mesosoma is compact, with the thoracic dorsal length 0.8 �� its width; the mesosoma is coarsely areolate and lacks appressed subparallel pale setae; the T2 disc is sparsely punctate, clothed with erect blackish brachyplumose setae, and the intervals mostly micropunctate; the T2 fringe is sparse and simple; and the S6 lateral carina is distinctly triangular. Description. FEMALE (hitherto unrecognized, based on female from Arroyo San Gregario). Body length 2.5��� 3 mm. Coloration. Body reddish-orange except antenna, legs (including coxae), and T6 blackish, mid and hind legs (including coxae) sometimes partly orange. Tibial spurs white. Erect dorsal brachyplumose setae on frons, anterior vertex, mesonotum, T2���5 disc, and T6 black-brown; on posterior vertex, pronotum, propodeum, T1, and T2 base yellowish. Mesonotum with few scattered subappressed simple white setae; fringes of T2���5 composed of sparse subappressed simple whitish setae. Ventral and pleural setae white, except S6 setae black-brown. Head. Head width subequal to pronotal width. Frons, vertex and gena areolate, edges of many frons and vertex areolations obliterated, areolation edges on frons and vertex forming parallel longitudinal apparent striae. Clypeus without distinct teeth or ridges. Genal carina extending anteriorly nearly to hypostomal carina. Mandible oblique, tapering, bidentate apically, unarmed ventrally. Antennal scrobe lacking dorsal carina. Length of F1 subequal to pedicel; F2 1.2 �� pedicel length. Mesosoma. Mesosoma compact, dorsal thoracic length 0.8 �� width. Humeral carina weak, not reaching epaulet. Mesosomal dorsum areolate; many intervals obliterated; areolations evenly distributed; dorsally with 10 areolations between pronotal spiracles. Pronotal and propodeal spiracles weakly swollen; lateral mesonotal tubercle small, but distinct. Lateral propodeal face impunctate. Metasoma. T1 shape sub-sessile, punctate. T2 as wide as long, laterally slightly swollen subapically. Disc of T2 with sparse incomplete apparent areolations, intervals microreticulate. T3���5 and S2���5 with separated punctures, intervals microreticulate. T6 convex. Incomplete lateral S6 carina distinct triangular. Material examined. Paratypes, 2♂, MEXICO, Baja California Sur, Arroyo San Gregorio, 13 air km WNW La Purissima, 24���26.Apr.1983, M.S. Wasbauer coll. (CSCA, Fig. 62). Other material. MEXICO: Baja California Sur, same data as above (4♀, CSCA, Figs 33, 37). Distribution. Baja California Sur in Mexico. Remarks. The females here associated with L. hedera have identical label data to two of the male paratypes (Williams & Pitts 2009). Only one other Lomachaeta species has been found in Baja California Sur, L. cirrhomeris. Unlike L. cirrhomeris, L. hedera females have black legs and antennae and a completely unmodified ventral mandible margin. These females are structurally similar to L. beadugrimi and L. warneri sp. nov., especially in their microreticulate T2 intervals., Published as part of Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A., Bartholomay, Pedro R., Luz, David R., Quintero, Diomedes & Pitts, James P., 2019, Review of the genus Lomachaeta Mickel, 1936 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) with new species and sex associations, pp. 101-136 in Zootaxa 4564 (1) on pages 112-113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2588770, {"references":["Williams, K. A. & Pitts, J. P. (2009) Eight new species of Lomachaeta Mickel and the synonymy of Smicromutilla Mickel (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 18 (2), 227 - 243."]}

Lomachaeta meloi Williams, sp. nov. (Figs 12, 18) Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species can be recognized by the coloration and setation: the entire body is mostly blackish except the head is orange-red; the body is clothed with distinct subappressed white setae. Additional useful diagnostic features include: the head is broader than the mesosoma; the mesosoma is elongate, with the thoracic dorsal length subequal to its width; the pronotal and propodeal spiracles are scarcely swollen; the T1 shape is sub-disciform; and T2 is densely punctate. Description. FEMALE. Body length 2.8 mm. Coloration. Body blackish except head and legs orange-red. Tibial spurs white. Body clothed predominantly with distinct subappressed white setae. Clypeus and lateral margins of metasoma with many erect setae black-brown. Fringes of T2–5 composed of appressed white setae thickened, contrasting with integument. Head. Head width 1.4 × pronotal width. Frons, vertex and gena areolate, vertex with some intervals obliterated. Clypeus without distinct teeth or ridges. Genal carina extending anteriorly nearly to hypostomal carina. Mandible oblique, tapering, bidentate apically, unarmed ventrally. Length of F1 0.9 × pedicel length; F2 0.7 × pedicel length. Mesosoma. Mesosoma elongate; dorsal thoracic length subequal to width. Humeral carina distinct, angulate dorsally, not reaching epaulet. Mesosomal dorsum areolate; intervals clearly defined, not raised into tubercles; areolations slightly tighter anteriorly than posteriorly; dorsally with 12 areolations between pronotal spiracles. Pronotal and propodeal spiracles scarcely swollen; lateral mesonotal tubercle weakly defined. Lateral propodeal face impunctate. Metasoma. T1 shape sub-disciform, punctate. T2 slightly longer than wide. Disc of T2 densely punctate, intervals obscurely microreticulate. T3–5 and S2–5 with separated punctures, intervals microreticulate. T6 convex. Incomplete lateral S6 carina shallow but distinct. MALE. Unknown. Material examined. Holotype, ♀, BRAZIL, São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Campus da USP, 13.X.1999, G.A.R. Melo (DZUP, Figs 12, 18). Distribution. São Paulo State in Brazil. Etymology. Named in honor of Gabriel A. R. Melo, who collected the type specimen and has contributed to many other projects on Mutillidae and other Hymenoptera. Remarks. The short bristle-like setae covering this insect are unique in Lomachaeta. No males have yet been found in Southern Brazil.