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Objective: A vision document represents an idealized depiction of the future, highlighting the long-term objectives of a nation. When discussing the analysis of perspectives on both the national and global scale, it is crucial to reassess the internal and external indicators of the education system. The objective of this article was to investigate the institutional challenges presented in the laws of the Iran vision document 2025 and its subordinate plans. Methods: The research methodology employed was primarily applied, with a descriptiveanalytical and survey approach. The population for this study consisted of the development perspective document of the Islamic Republic of Iran for the horizon of 2025, as well as the fourth, fifth, and sixth development plans of the country, and the performance of the annual budget during the implementation of the development perspective document of 2025. Data collection involved the utilization of both document analysis and survey methods. The process tracking method was employed to analyze the data, search for evidence, and evaluate it in order to elucidate the reasons behind the unaccomplished goals of the 2025 vision document. Results: Consequently, an effective and dependable system for measurement and evaluation becomes imperative to assess and monitor progress in the realization of long-term visions and plans. However, there are instances where the measurement and evaluation system prove to be inefficient and incomplete, which hinders the identification and rectification of weaknesses, as well as performance enhancement. The implementation of the vision document and its subsequent programs may necessitate substantial financial resources. Inadequate funding or insufficient budget allocation can lead to financial difficulties and delays in the execution of these programs. Conclusions: To advance with the vision document and downstream plans, it is essential to identify and manage these barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is intended to explore Radu Jude's camera dexterity in first part of Bad Luck Banging or Loony Porn (2021), by using Siegfried Kracauer's idea of realism based on physical reality and with the help of Walter Benjamin's notion of flaneur which he developed out of Charles Baudelaire's poetry. Despite the large number of researches on Romanian New Wave moviemakers, few studies have been carried out to examine this young director's movies belonging to the so-called second wave. This study aims to take steps towards filling this gap in knowledge by conducting an analysis of his camera craftsmanship development in his last movie which despite the apparent cinematography resemblance with his contemporary directors, slightly differs in function. It is posited that Jude's camera lens possesses an artistic quality cracking the seeming order of contemporary modern society which is less detectable with naked eyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Speech and language therapists (SLTs) require proper tools to detect dysphagia in the early stages. One of these screening tools is the Northwestern Dysphagia Patient Check Sheet (NDPCS). However, this tool needs to be adapted, validated, and shown to be reliable for the Persian culture. The aim of the present study was to report the validity and reliability of the Persian NDPCS (P-NDPCS). Materials and Methods: The NDPCS has 28 items and five sections. Beaton's guidelines were followed in terms of the translation process. To report the content validity index (CVI) and the content validity ratio (CVR), eight SLTs experienced in swallowing disorders examined the content and face validities of the PNDPCS in terms of the quality of translation, fluency, understandability, and the cultural context. In total, 140 patients with neurogenic and mechanical dysphagia were evaluated using the P-NDPCS. Internal consistency reliability was investigated using the Kuder-Richardson formula 20. The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for test-retest reliability. Results: The P-NDPCS preserved the 28 items and the five categories of the original version. However, semantic and food adjustments were applied due to cultural differences. The scoring system was changed from safe/unsafe to yes/no for four subsections and to normal/abnormal for the oromotor section. Food requirements were also changed. The CVR and CVI were both 75%. The P-NDPCS was shown to have good content validity. The internal reliability was 0.95, indicating excellent reliability. Conclusion: The equivalence between the original version of the NDPCS and the P-NDPCS was preserved. Our findings indicate that the P-NDPCSis a valid and reliable screening tool for the diagnosis of dysphagia in the early phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]