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The aim of this study is to investigate how the use of augmented reality (AR) applications in educational environments affects students' achievement levels. The study was carried out through two dimensions; a quantitative and a qualitative aspect. The study was conducted with 7th-grade students in a public secondary school in Turkey as part of a science course. For this purpose, AR applications and activities were implemented that were suitable for the topic of Astronomy. The quasi-experimental model and one of the quantitative research methods were used for the study. As data collection instruments an achievement test and an interview form were made use of. AR activities were used for teaching in the experimental group, while the traditional method for the control group. The quantitative results of the study showed that there was a significant difference in the achievement level of learners in favor of the experimental group. The interviews with the students revealed that the AR applications used in the course were interesting, that they increased interest, desire, and motivation in class, and that they facilitated learning. However, students indicated that the cost of the AR materials was high, that they had difficulty in obtaining the materials, and that they sometimes had technical problems. Another limitation was expressed as that the excess the number of students makes it more difficult to take the advantage of AR activities. Students suggested that lowering the cost of AR materials and using them in other lessons can be more effective in learning environment.

The present research is an examination of Augmented Reality (AR) applications in Science Education using the Multi-complementary Approach (McA). This incorporates multiple analyses: i) Pre-complementary: meta-analysis and meta-thematic analysis, ii) Post-complementary: an experimental design with a pre- and post-test control group and iii) Complementary: Merging the results of the first two stages, making it possible to work through the effectiveness of AR in science education more comprehensively and from a wider perspective. After initially providing information on the McA, the study presents the methodological process, the results and the conclusions in a step-by-step format within this framework. The literature review based on document analysis in the context of Science classes and carrying out instruction on "refraction, lenses and prisms" topics in Science education using AR applications, indicated that AR has both positive and meaningful effects on academic achievement, and on various variables that promote the teaching of Science. The complementary results that emerged in favour of AR shed light on its utilization in Science classes, and provide an incentive for a more widespread and systematic use of such methods in the teaching environment, in line with the need now increasingly expressed for these types of technologies in this digital age.

This study aims to reach the meta-analysis data by analyzing the augmented reality (AR) applications used in Science Education. The search was conducted on specific databases considering the studies carried out between 2000 and 2019 years. While collecting data, inclusion criteria were considered. After searching the related databases, 24 studies were reached. Based on the random-effects model, the study results revealed that the ES value was g = 0.602, which means a medium size in the meta-analysis process according to Thalheimer and Cook's (2002) calculation level. Furthermore, z-test calculations conducted to reveal the statistical significance were found to be z = 4.989, which showed that AR applications had a significant effect on science learning. In this context, it is thought that this technological design, which offers a positive contribution to science education, allows interacting with animations or simulations simultaneously without breaking away from the real world and will serve as a model for future studies.

An increase in research on the teaching of creativity in learning environments is being witnessed as more studies continue to reveal its effects on learning outcomes and academic achievement. Thus, any investigative attempt to examine the relevant approaches to teaching of creative thinking skills is appreciated within the creativity literature. However, it is evident that the research on brainstorming as a creativity-promoting technique within an educational context has been overlooked for a while. Therefore, this research synthesis tried to recombine and reinterpret the results of some qualitative studies on the impacts of brainstorming technique on learners' achievement. To this end, 34 studies within the relevant literature were scanned; however, seven of them were found to be conducive to the meta-thematic analysis. The results of the meta-thematic analysis suggest that the brainstorming technique has positive effects on learners' cognitive skills and affect. It is believed that designing instruction with brainstorming could foster students' creativity by directing them to solving problems via critical thinking. The study further dwells on the reported drawbacks that are encountered during the implementation of this technique within the classroom and discusses some possible solutions as implications.

The mixed-meta analysis study aims to examine the effects of the layered curriculum on students based on the studies conducted between 2006 and 2021. The statistical data gathered from a total of five studies is indexed in national databases investigating the effect of layered curriculum on achievement and attitudes, and the overall effect of the layered curriculum on achievement is found to be moderate, while its effect on attitudes is found to be very large. In the qualitative part of this mixed-meta analysis, the meta-thematic analysis method is conducted through document review and content analysis of a total of nine studies, and codes are classified under the themes of cognitive domain, attitudinal dimension, and limitations. These themes are visualized in the Maxqda program and presented in the findings section in two models. Some of the codes in the cognitive domain are increased academic achievement, permanence, repetition, peer assessment, self-evaluation, creativity, and imagination. In the dimension of attitude, codes are collaborative learning, aroused excitement, desire, and curiosity towards the lesson, increased interest, increased in-class solidarity, and student motivation towards the lesson. Limitations such as the lack of focus in the classroom because of noise, the difficulty of students with no manual dexterity, the need for detailed planning, the difficulty of creating an original product, and the lack of time are turned into a second model on their own as a theme. Suggestions regarding time management, comprehension of schedules and tasks, class size, and planning are presented to address the difficulties encountered in the studies. The current study provides insights into the effects of a layered curriculum on achievement and learning attitudes.

Background: Flipped classroom, which is inversion of conventional classroom procedures in simple terms, currently stands out as a popular teaching strategy for many Science courses. Purpose: In this article, we tried to make a reinterpretation of the findings of recent empirical studies conducted on the effectiveness of the flipped classroom approach in science education. Design and Methods: To determine the overall effect size of the flipped classroom implementations in Science courses, a meta-analysis of 30 studies with such moderator variables as education levels, durations of implementations, various subjects areas of science and class sizes was carried out. To consolidate the academic achievement theme dwelled on in the meta-analysis part, a meta-thematic analysis based on document analysis of qualitative studies was conducted to expound in detail general characteristics of the approach, its effect on academic dimension, its contribution to the affective domain and classroom environment. Results: The findings reveal that the flipped classroom implementations have a positive medium effect (g = 0.727) on academic achievement in Science classes. Physics and Chemistry classes have the highest effect size values while Biology has the lowest effect size; the flipped classroom practices proved best in small size classes and at Primary School level with the highest effect sizes. Conclusions: The findings of both analyses provide insights into applicability of the approach in teaching of Science and its sub-branches. The drawbacks of the approach are also discussed with some suggestions for implication.

While there has been an upsurge in transition to online learning taking place mostly in higher education, many countries around the world have had to leave their brick-and-mortar schools all of a sudden and necessarily turn to fully-online education since the outbreak of Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Such global emergency cases reacquaint us with the fact that education cannot be taken for granted, making the findings of the current research literature inevitable and ready for immediate use for future policy-making regarding online education. Thus, we planned to conduct the present research synthesis including more recent empirical studies of both a quantitative and qualitative character. We took a multi-complementary approach including a meta-analysis together with a meta-thematic analysis of the effectiveness of online education. In order to further complement and consolidate the results of these two reviews of previous studies, we conducted a mixed-methods research (a pre-experimental study and a qualitative study) designed specifically to understand the responses from the abrupt transition period of online education. This kind of research approach is believed to make more contributions to the relevant literature as it may provide a more in-depth perusal of the impacts of online learning on and its effectiveness in student achievement.

This study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom Model (FCM) in an educational setting. For this purpose, a multi-complementary approach (MCA) was used including both quantitative (meta-analysis) and qualitative (thematic). MCA consists of three parts, the first of which is the pre-complementary information stage. In this context, the data from sixty-four studies were used and it was analysed using CMA and MetaWin software. In addition, the meta-thematic data were obtained by analysing thirty-two qualitative studies of FCM and analysed through content analysis. In the second stage of the MCA, an experimental process took place involving the implementation of FCM. A thematic dimension was added to the second stage and analyses were made through MAXQDA software. In the last stage of the approach, the results of the first two stages were combined to get complementary and general outcomes. The results of the study showed that FCM had a positive impact on academic success in general, thus some recommendations were presented on the use of both FCM and MCA.

This study aims to determine the effect of drama on social communication skills through the use of quantitative and qualitative research methods in a holistic approach. In the quantitative part of the research both the metaanalytic method and descriptive study were used. In the meta-analysis phase, 24 studies (2 articles, 19 MA theses and 3 Ph.D. dissertations) related to drama and its effect on communication skills and met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and the MetaWin programs. In the descriptive phase of the study, Social Skills Evaluation Scale was used to assess social skill levels of the preservice teachers (N = 386). In the qualitative part of the study, the data collected via documentary review through the thematic examination of the articles and theses were analyzed using the Maxqda 11 program. Additionally, in an action research design, the data related to the views of the preservice teachers (N= 60) and selected by maximum variation sampling were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through the Maxqda 11 program. Both qualitative and quantitative findings indicated that drama has a positive effect on social communication skills.

This study aims to investigate textbooks used to teach Turkish as a foreign language according to Turkish lecturers' perspectives. Within this scope, these textbooks were evaluated in terms of the characteristics they possess. The study benefited from qualitative and quantitative approaches. The Rasch measurement model was used in the quantitative and case study was used in the qualitative part. The perspectives of 54 lecturers working at Turkish education centers of universities in Turkey were obtained and 32 of them were used in the study. The Textbook Evaluation Scale developed by Batdi (2010) was used to collect the quantitative data of the study. A semistructured interview form developed by the researchers was used to collect the qualitative data. Rasch and content analysis were used to analyze the data. Codes and themes were revealed using Maxqda software while conducting the content analysis. Excerpts from the interviews were included to corroborate the participants' assessments. At the end of the study, the general characteristics of the textbooks used to teach Turkish as a foreign language were identified and the positive and negative attributes were determined. The different analyses conducted indicated that the books of YediIklim and Istanbul have positive characteristics compared to the other books.

The purpose of this study was to examine STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) education in meta-analytical and meta-thematic terms and to determine its impact on academic achievement and different variables. In this context, studies carried out on STEM between 2002-2019 were chosen. Data from 26 studies were included in the study and analyses were made using these data. CMA and MetaWin softwares were used in analyzing the data and the impact of STEM on academic achievement was found to be significant and positive at medium level (ES=0.655). In the second phase of the study, which was the meta-thematic phase, the contribution of STEM on cognitive and affective areas as well as on individual competences, personal development, skill development and the difficulties encountered during the implementation were given. The results of meta-analytical and meta-thematic findings indicated that STEM had a positive impact on academic achievement and development of different skills.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of augmented reality (AR) applications on academic success through meta-analytic and thematic analysis. 51 items from 45 studies conducted between 2013 and 2019 were examined in different databases on the effect size of AR in relation on academic success, education level, and duration of the application. The effect size was found to exist at a medium level, considered to be significant which means that AR has positive effect on academic success. In terms of thematic analysis, with reference to common codes and themes found in qualitative studies conducted both nationally and internationally, qualitative findings were obtained. An emphasis on the effect of AR on learning, class environment and affective dimensions was made, together with a consideration of some limitations. It was stated that learning environments could be arranged in such a way that students could be motivated through the use of AR, leading to permanent and solid learning. Therefore, careful and planned use of AR can be said to encourage success.

The concept of "21st century skills" has entered our lives in the recent past and has been used to describe the skills that our children should be equipped with while preparing them for the future world. Coding skill, in this regard, is seen as a new 21st century skill that is assumed to be a part of logical reasoning. The main purpose of the present research is to examine the use of coding-based interventions in learning environments from various perspectives and reveal their effects on student attitudes in detail with a research synthesis based on the mixed-meta method. Primarily, a quantitative metaanalysis was used to determine the effects of coding-based practises on student attitudes. Another process that will enrich the content reached in the study and add a qualitative dimension to it is the meta-thematic analysis stage. As a result of the meta-analysis, the effect size reached is moderate (g = 0.555), and the effect of the related practises on the learners' attitude scores is positive. As a result of the meta-thematic analysis carried out in order to further consolidate the findings of the meta-analysis, five major themes emerged: the effect of coding-based instruction on the cognitive dimension, its effect on the affective dimension, its contribution to 21st century skills, its contribution to personal and professional development, and difficulties encountered in coding-based instruction.

This research aims at investigating the effect of Inquiry-Based instruction (IBI) on learners' academic achievement through meta-analytic and thematic approaches. In the meta-analytic study, 27 studies, which were implemented between 2000 and 2016 years, were examined. CMA and MetaWin statistical programs were used to calculate the effect sizes of these studies. The effect size (0.688) of the study indicates that the use of IBI has a positive effect on learners' achievement. To support findings of the meta-analytic study, a thematic study including 36 studies was applied. As a result of the analysis of the latter study, five themes, namely affective, cognitive and social domain themes, learning environment and negative aspects were generated. The former four themes demonstrated that IBI positively affects learners' achievement except the negative aspects theme. The negative theme stresses out that the effectiveness of IBI depends on how well the IBI activities are planned beforehand. If they are planned in detail, learners can know what to do in the activities. So, IBI can be used systematically in learning as an alternative method which can meet students' needs in technological era. [This study was presented as an oral paper at the Congress of 3rd International Eurasian Educational Research Congress (EJER) held on 31st May-3rd June 2016 at Mugla Sitki Koçman University, Mugla/Turkey.]

Using meta-analysis, this study examines the effect of computer-supported education on students' attitudes and determines the degree to which the effect size obtained by combining the effect sizes of various studies differs, in terms of educational level, course subjects and application duration. Based on the inclusion criteria, a total of 32 pieces of research from 621 studies that appeared in the national and international literature during 2005-2015 were analysed. Data analysis was carried out with the treatment effectiveness method, using the MetaWin 2.0 and the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis statistics programs. The findings of the research revealed that, according to the random effects model, computer-supported education had a moderate, positive and significant (ES = 0.449) effect on attitude scores. The positive correlation between the related method and student attitudes suggests that the correlation may be enhanced by the use of more interesting and better quality content designed for computer-supported education.

This study aimed to compare the High School English Curriculum (HSEC) in accordance with Stufflebeam's context, input, process and product (CIPP) model through multi-analysis. The research includes both quantitative and qualitative aspects. A descriptive analysis was operated through Rasch Measurement Model; SPSS program for the quantitative aspect, and a thematic analysis was run as a case study for the qualitative aspect. The study includes the views of 95 out of 135 English teachers working at different types of Anatolian High Schools in Elazig during 2014 and 2015 academic years. Twenty-seven teachers were selected for Rasch; 64 for SPSS and 26 for thematic analysis. The scale applied in Aközbek's study was used as a quantitative data collection tool. An interview form was used to collect qualitative data and analyses were performed through Maxqda-11 program. The reliability of data encoders was ensured. Rasch and SPSS results indicated that the 9th grade HSEC had the highest score, whilst the 12th had the lowest. The fact that there were more positive opinions for the 9th grade HSEC, whilst there were negative ones for the 12th grade; means the results of three analyses are consistent. Multi-analysis is proposed for use in studies in the future.

This thematic-based meta-analytic study aims to examine the effect of creativity on the academic success and learning retention scores of students. In the context of this aim, 18 out of 225 studies regarding creativity that were carried out between 2001 and 2011 have been obtained from certain national and international databases. The studies involving thematic-based meta-analytic reviews are examined under four themes--creative thinking, creative thinking activities, creative thinking techniques and creative writing applications. Certain inclusion criteria are also taken into consideration in the analysis. The statistical programs Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) and MetaWin are made use in order to analyze the data. The inter-rater reliability of the studies is calculated and found to be high. The Meta-analytic research results indicate that the effect size of creative thinking, creative thinking activities, creative thinking techniques and creative writing applications on academic success are large in terms of levels, while the creative applications in terms of learning retention are again large. This means that creativity has positive and great effects on both academic success and learning retention. The values of Fail-safe Number with regard to considering the effects of creative applications on academic success and learning retention show the high reliability of meta-analysis. It can be suggested that researchers should carry out more studies on creativity as there are not enough studies on creativity, especially regarding retention.

A mixed-meta analysis of research on problem-based learning in science education was the goal of this study. In this instance, document analysis utilizing the mixed-meta method--which combines meta-analysis and meta-thematic analysis procedures--was used to investigate both quantitative and qualitative data. Using CMA and MetaWin programs, studies from certain databases that fit predetermined criteria were analyzed for a meta-analysis. Of the 78 studies that were included in the study, the effect size was found to be large, with g = 0.909. It has been suggested that science education benefits from the problem-based learning approach. Within the framework of the established criteria, 15 researches based on document analysis were subjected to a meta-thematic analysis using the Maxqda program in accordance with content analysis. Codes were acquired based on specific topics. By calculating the compliance values of the relevant codes under the relevant themes, a good degree of agreement was found regarding the effects of problem-based learning in science education on academic achievement, the affective-social dimension, 21st century skills, and the negative aspects of problem-based learning in science education. The research results indicate that there is a consensus among the researchers regarding the benefits of using problem-based learning techniques in science education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to assess portfolio studies in science education in Turkey. The mixed-meta method, which comprises meta-analysis and meta-thematic analysis methods, was used to assess quantitative and qualitative data through document analysis. Studies retrieved from certain databases within the scope of specific criteria were examined with the CMA and MetaWin tools for meta-analysis, and the effect size was found to be as great as g = 1.005 among the 17 studies included in the analysis. It was concluded that the usage of portfolios in science teaching has a good effect. 13 studies based on document analysis within the framework of the determined criteria were assessed with the Maxqda program using content analysis in the meta-thematic analysis. Themes were created, and certain codes were obtained according to these themes. These are the following themes: the effect of portfolios on academic achievement, classroom environment, and 21st-century skills; negative aspects of using portfolios; and recommendations for using portfolios in science education. It has been concluded that the research findings are consistent, and the usage of portfolios in science education has a favorable impact in a variety of ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study is to analyze high school English curriculum materials (ECM) through FACETS analysis and MAXQDA-11 programs. The mixed methods approach, both quantitative and qualitative methods, were used in three samples including English teachers in Elazig during the 2014-2015 academic year. While the quantitative phase of the study involved the Rasch model and SPSS analysis, the qualitative phase included a case study research method. The quantitative data collection tool was the "High School English Curriculum Material Evaluation Form" developed by the researchers. Qualitative data were collected through an interview. According to the Rasch analysis results, while the material Headway coded as HEA has the highest quality, the materials coded A1.2 and A2.1 have the poorest quality. In terms of items, the most difficult item was G-M28 and for judges, J3 has the most severe while J13 has the most lenient behavior. The qualitative analysis indicated that among the themes, "deficiencies" had the most dominant dispersing of teacher comments while the theme "what to do" was not notable to every teacher. It is suggested that the balanced distribution of four language skills in ECM should be improved to achieve the objectives of the curriculum.

The purpose of the present study is to analyze German teacher trainers' views on high school German textbooks through the Rasch measurement model. A survey research design was employed and study group consisted of a total of 21 teacher trainers, three from each region and selected randomly from provinces which are located in seven regions and categorized as developed, moderately developed, and least developed. The study Data were collected through a questionnaire developed by the researchers in the light of experts' views. When content validity indices (CVIs) and content validity ratios (CVRs) of the questionnaire items were calculated, the result (CVI>CVR/0.82>0.56) indicated the questionnaire to be reliable. Three facets of the study according to the Rasch measurement model were Judges (21 German teacher trainers), items related to high school German textbooks (11 items) and German textbooks (A1.1, A1.2, A2.1, A2.2) for 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th grades. According to the Rasch analysis results, while the textbook coded A1.1 has the highest quality, the textbook coded A2.2has the poorest quality. In terms of items, the most difficult item was 10 while the easiest item was 1, and for judges, J7 had the most severe while J9 had the most lenient behavior. In the light of the results, more rigorous and detailed studies are suggested to improve the quality of textbooks.

This study attempts to reveal whether different applications have effects on retention and attitude of pre-service teachers studying in various branches in Turkey through meta-analysis. Studies carried out between 2005 and 2015 in national and international area, 324 (218 articles, 106 theses) were chosen. However, 23 studies (9 retention and 14 attitude) that met inclusion criteria were analyzed by using the MetaWin program. The effect sizes of different applications on retention and attitude were calculated. In terms of retention scores, while Learning Together Technique had the highest effect size (d = 2,0606-a huge level-), the Jigsaw Technique had the lowest one (d = 0,5461-a medium level-). In terms of attitude scores, while Transformative Learning Theory had the highest effect size (d = 1,4760-a huge level-), Problem Based Learning had the lowest one (d = 0,0212- negligible) among the applications included in the study according to the classification of Thalheimer and Cook.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the views of German teacher trainers working in Turkey about their level regarding Reigeluth's organizational strategies and to analyze their views in terms of gender, geographic region, seniority, and graduated high school variables. While the population of the study consisted of German teacher trainers working in the seven regions of Turkey in the 2014-2015 academic year, the sample of the study comprised 53 German teacher trainers who were selected voluntarily accepted to participate in the study. Data were collected through "Organizational Strategies of German Teacher Trainers Scale" developed by the researchers. As the Content Validity Index value (0.92) was larger than the Content Validity Criterion value (0.56), the items were expressed to be meaningful. The findings revealed the participants to have a high level of organizational strategies. The results regarding the variables were as follows: a) Gender difference was mostly observed favoring the male teachers, b) geographic region difference frequently appeared favoring the Marmara and Black Sea Regions, c) seniority difference was seen favoring the 16-20 year range, d) graduated high school difference was mostly observed as a statistically insignificant variable. In-service training programs encompassing all the regions of Turkey were suggested to be designed regularly and systematically for professional development of foreign language teachers.

In this study, through a meta-analysis of 20 studies, it is aimed to compare the effectiveness of various forms of learning methods including creativity based learning, problem based learning, and differentiated instruction on creativity in terms of the academic achievement of students and to find out other study characteristics, related to the effectiveness of creativity. Studies including the pretest-posttest control group model and collected from national and international arena between the years 2000 to 2015 were chosen. In this context, 20 studies that met inclusion criteria were analyzed under three themes: creativity based learning, problem based learning, and differentiated instruction by using Comprehensive Meta- Analysis and the MetaWin statistical program. In addition, other studies having effectiveness on creativity were categorized as "method" and "approach" and their effect sizes were calculated separately. The effect size values of academic achievement scores in each theme were found to be respectively 0.850, 1.560, and 0.729 which were significant and at a large level in the first two themes; at a medium level in the third theme according to the classification of Thalheimer and Cook. The results indicated that different applications had positive effects on academic achievement.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of creative drama on achievement through the use of quantitative and qualitative research methods. In the quantitative section of the research, the meta-analytic method was used and an attempt was made to include all studies of creative drama carried out between 2000 and 2014 at the national and international levels. As a result, 40 studies (8 articles, 28 MAs, and 4 PhD theses) complied with the inclusion criteria, which consisted of examining the effect of creative drama on academic achievement and including statistical values to calculate the effect size. Studies were further separated according to the characteristics of grade level, subject field, and implementation period. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis statistical program and the MetaWin program were used to calculate effect size. In the qualitative context of the study, data collected through documentary review based on the content analysis of the thematic examination of the articles and theses were analyzed through the Maxqda 11 program. Meta-analytic findings indicated that creative drama had a significant and positive effect on academic achievement and the qualitative findings indicated that it had influential outcomes on a variety of domains in general.

The present article attempts to reinterpret the findings of most recent studies investigating effect of using games for teaching purposes. A methodological approach combining a meta-analysis of quantitative data with qualitative ones was adopted in order to present the broadest picture of the current research on educational use of games. To this end, we conducted a meta-analysis of 180 effect size comparisons out of 154 empirical studies on the effect of both digital and non-digital games on academic achievement conducted during the period from 2004 to 2019 in order to determine the overall effect size of using games for teaching various subjects. The overall sample size of the studies included a total number of 12800 participants. Some moderator analyses were also carried out to determine the exact efficiency of educational games in terms of student levels, durations of implementation of game activities, school subjects in which games were used, class sizes, kinds of games and achievement tests used. The findings suggest that educational games have a positive effect on academic achievement and this effect is at a medium level (g = 0.695). The highest effect sizes were observed in foreign language courses (g = 0.87), small (less than 50) class sizes (g = 0.87), and in non-digital games (g = 0.90). Moreover, we conducted a meta-thematic analysis based on document analysis of qualitative studies in order to further consolidate the findings of the meta-analysis. The meta-thematic dimension of our study reveals cognitive contributions as well as drawbacks of game-based teaching, and provides suggestions for conducting educational games in a better way.

The aim of this study is to compare the 5E learning model with traditional learning methods in terms of their effect on students' academic achievement, retention and attitude scores. In this context, the meta-analytic method known as the "analysis of analyses" was used and a review undertaken of the studies and theses (N = 14) executed in Turkey over the period 2008-2014 on the 5E model. The goal of the review was to determine the efficacy of the 5E instructional model in terms of academic achievement, retention and attitude scores. The treatment effect method was used in the data analysis and the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) statistical program, the MetaWin and Microsoft Excel 2010 Office programs were employed for the effect size calculation. The effect size values resulting from the analysis were interpreted according to Cohen classification (1992). When academic achievement, retention and attitude scores in the studies implementing the 5E instructional model were calculated according to the random effects model, effect size values were found to be ES[subscript academic achievement] = 1,132, ES[subscript retention]: 1,417 and ES[subscript attitude] = 0,552, respectively. In regard to academic achievement and retention, it can be inferred that these effect sizes of the 5E learning cycle were large and medium with respect to attitude, while both were positive and significant. It can therefore be said that the 5E model has a positive effect on academic achievement, retention and attitude scores.

This research aims to investigate the effect of computer-based teaching (CBT) on students' academic success. The research used a meta-analytic method to reach a general conclusion by statistically calculating the results of a number of independent studies. In total, 78 studies (62 master's theses, 4 PhD theses, and 12 articles) concerning this issue were researched based on the literature review of the articles and theses which involved pre-test and post-test control groups and were conducted in Turkey between 2006 and 2014. The CMA and MetaWin statistical programs were used to calculate the effect sizes and variations for comparing the groups with regard to each study in the context of the meta-analysis. The effect size for the 78 studies was calculated as ES = 1.13 based on analysis using the random effects model. This value is large, positive, and significant. Aside from this, the mean effect sizes of the CBT were large with regard to the independent variables such as grades level, subject area, types of course, implementation period, and publication year. As a result, it can be seen that the effect of CBT in terms of academic success was high and more successful than traditional teaching methods.

This study attempts to answer the question "Does a Constructivist Learning Approach have any effect on learners' academic achievement, retention and attitude scores?" As a result of a systematic investigation of experimental studies carried out between 2002 and 2015 in national and international area, 324 (218 articles, 106 theses) studies were found. Pre-test-post-test and group comparison processes were applied to 28 of these experimental studies and these studies were more importantly included in the meta-analysis research. In statistical analyses, the classifications by Thalheimer and Cook (2002) were taken into consideration. The effect size of Constructivist Learning on academic achievement([subscript ES:1.0753]), retention([subscript ES:0.9249]) and attitude([subscript ES:0.4394]) were calculated considering the effect size. This result indicates that the effect sizes on academic achievement and retention are at a large level while on attitude is at a medium. It was concluded at the end of the research that a constructivist learning approach has a positive effect on learners' academic success, retention and attitude scores. In relation to the results, some recommendations were made for practitioners and further research.

In this study, the aim is to identify the interpersonal self-efficacy beliefs of German teacher trainers' in Turkey. It is a descriptive survey and the population of the study consists of German teacher trainers who have worked in the seven regions of Turkey during the 2012-2013 academic year. The sample comprises 52 German teacher trainers chosen randomly from the related population. The version of "The Teacher Interpersonal Self-efficacy Scale (TISE)" which was developed by Brouwers and Tomic (2002), translated into Turkish and whose reliability and validity were determined by Çapri and Kan (2006), was used to collect data. As a result of the study, it is understood that the level of self-efficacy beliefs, particularly of more experienced male teachers, is high.

The present study aimed to investigate the research on permanence and efficacy of constructivist applications with the mixed-meta method. Mixed-meta method involves the investigation of research based on two dimensions to collect comprehensive quantitative (meta-analysis) and qualitative (meta-thematic analysis) data with a literature review. Quantitative studies were scanned based on certain criteria in certain databases and analyzed with the CMA 2.0 software. Moderator analyzes that included the course field, instruction level, application duration, and sample size variables in the studies that investigated the impact of constructivist approach on permanence were also conducted. The analyses revealed that the effect size of the studies and the relevant moderators on permanence was high. Qualitative studies were analyzed with the Maxqda 22 software in meta-thematic analysis. The findings revealed that constructivist approach themes included “contribution to personal development”, “technological contribution of the approach to learning”, “problems experienced during the applications” and “solution suggestions”. Thus, the qualitative findings demonstrated that the constructivist approach had a positive effect on permanence. The findings also demonstrated that the constructivist approach generally had a positive effect on various instructional levels, course fields, application durations and samples, and a good impact on permanence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In a learning process, where an individual is in the centre, has access to information and makes research by himself/herself, the success rate is higher. Individuals' activities such as searching for knowledge, making research and using information in new applications are included in "Critical Thinking". In this context, this study aims to determine the effect of pedagogical training on the critical thinking skills of prospective teachers. With this aim, before and after the Pedagogical Formation Course including pedagogical formation lessons, "Critical Thinking Scale" that contains 55 items was applied to 75 prospective teachers in Science field and participating in the course at Firat University/Turkey. Pre-test and post-test single group experimental design was used as a research model. It is concluded from the research results that critical thinking skills of prospective teachers can be developed through pedagogical training. As a result it can be suggested that pedagogical training is to be allowed in searching, reconstructive and tolerant classroom environment.

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This research aimed to examine the effect of a problem-based learning approach in comparison to traditional learning approaches. In this context, the question "What is the effect size of problem-based learning on students' attitudes?" was tried to be answered. Among 190 studies made in national and international field between the years 2006 to 2013, 19 theses and 6 articles, in which pre-test and post-test experimental design was applied, were examined in this meta-analysis according to inclusion criteria. As a result of analytic evaluation, the effect size value of the problem-based learning on attitudes in relation to a random effects model was measured to be 0.7195. Thus, it can be said that this value had a medium effect size according to the classification levels of Thalheimer and Cook. It was concluded from these results that problem-based learning approaches were more effective when compared to traditional teaching techniques.