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This work was funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) through a Doctoral Training Grant. The issue of whether, and how, to obtain informed consent for research studies that use social network data has recently come to the fore in some controversial cases. Determining how to acquire valid consent that meets the expectations of participants, while minimising the burden placed on them, remains an open problem. We apply Nissenbaum’s model of contextual integrity to the consent process, to study whether social norms of willingness to share social network data can be leveraged to avoid burdening participants with too many interventions, while still accurately capturing their own sharing intent. We find that for the 27.7% of our participants (N = 109) who conform to social norms, contextual integrity can be used to significantly reduce the time taken to capture their consent, while still maintaining accuracy. Our findings have implications for researchers conducting such studies who are looking to acquire informed consent without having to burden participants with many interactions. Publisher PDF

Recent studies into streaming media delivery suggest that performance gains from cache hierarchies such as Information-Centric Networks (ICNs) may be negated by Dynamic Adaptive Streaming (DAS), the de facto method for retrieving multimedia content. The bitrate adaptation mechanisms that drive video streaming clash with caching hierarchies in ways that affect users' Quality of Experience (QoE). Cache performance also diminishes as consumers dynamically select content encoded at different bitrates. In this paper we use the evidence to draw a novel insight: in a cache hierarchy for adaptive streaming content, bitrates should be prioritized over or alongside popularity and hit rates. We build on this insight to propose RippleCache as a family of cache placement schemes that safeguard high-bitrate content at the edge and push low-bitrate content into the network core. Doing so reduces contention of cache resources, as well as congestion in the network. To validate RippleCache claims we construct two separate implementations. We design RippleClassic as a benchmark solution that optimizes content placement by maximizing a measure for cache hierarchies shown to have high correlation with QoE. In addition, our lighter-weight RippleFinder is then re-designed with distributed execution for application in large-scale systems. RippleCache performance gains are reinforced by evaluations in NS-3 against state-of-the-art baseline approaches, using standard measures of QoE as defined by the DASH Industry Forum. Measurements show that RippleClassic and RippleFinder deliver content that suffers less oscillation and rebuffering, as well as the highest levels of video quality, indicating overall improvements to QoE. Postprint

The article appears in a Special Issue of the journal: Galician Mobilities: Revisiting Migration and “morriña”, edited by María Alonso Alonso, Catherine Barbour and Gustavo San Román. The Uruguayan Ángel Rama (1926-1983) is widely recognized as a pioneer in the development of cultural studies in Latin America. This article proposes that there was a lesser-known side to the socially conscious, historicist Rama that was expressed mostly in intimate writings: a romantic, essentialist Rama. The focus is a semi-fictional work, Tierra sin mapa (1959), which recounts the stories Rama’s inmigrant mother told him in Montevideo about her childhood in rural Galicia. In retelling her reminiscences, which were triggered by the homesickness that in Galician is termed morriña, Rama relives his mother’s experiences as his own. This process is here called posmorriña, in an echo of the term ‘postmemory’, coined by Marianne Hirsch to denote the experience of children of victims of trauma. The article argues that this maternal Galicia left a mark on the young intellectual that played a key role in his understanding of Latin American cultural identity. It further suggests that Rama’s experience may be paradigmatic of those of other writers in his time and place. Postprint

In many countries antitrust enforcement by Competition Authorities through prosecution and the imposition of penalties is complemented in price-fixing cases by private damage actions, which should affect both cartel deterrence and the prices set by those cartels that do form. We show that the impact of combining penalties and damages on cartel prices is not clearcut, and depends on both the nature of the penalty regime and the way that damages are calculated. We demonstrate this by focusing on two ways of calculating damages that have been advocated in practice and two different forms of the widely used revenue-based penalty regime. When the simple form of revenue-based penalties is in force, the standard method of calculating damages worsens its harmful pricing effects, whereas the proposed alternative method of calculating damages can overturn them. When a more sophisticated form of revenue-based penalties is in operation, imposing damages will improve its beneficial pricing effects under both methods of damage calculation, but the alternative method is more effective. In all cases combining penalties and damages improves deterrence. Postprint

The castle was one of the most characteristic features of the western European landscape in the Middle Ages, dominating social and political order from the eleventh century onwards. The origins of the castle are generally assigned to the ninth and tenth centuries, and the standard story begins with the defensive fortifications established against the Vikings during the reign of the West Frankish king Charles the Bald (843–77). In this article I argue that there are serious problems with this origin story, by re-evaluating some of the key sources on which it rests – particularly the Edict of Pîtres (864). I seek to demonstrate that my analysis of this source has important implications for how we think about the relationship between fortifications and the state in the Carolingian Empire; and by extension the evolution of the castle in north-western Europe between the ninth and twelfth centuries.

During the first decade of the euro, southern countries experienced a boom-bust cycle in bank lending, non-tradable sector growth, and capital inflows. I develop a quantitative, open economy model of banking that is consistent with the banks’ behavior in credit allocation and foreign borrowing observed in Spanish data. I illustrate how movements in the frictions of cross-border deposits generate an endogenous asymmetric allocation of bank credit toward non-traded sectors, while producing a persistent and climbing current account deficit. A common central bank’s unconventional policies in response to sudden stops are successful at ameliorating the downturn. Postprint

The ‘golden age’ of clue-puzzle detective fiction is usually considered to end in 1939 with the outbreak of the Second World War. Yet Agatha Christie, the most high-profile and successful exponent of the form, continued to produce bestselling novels until her death in 1976. This essay examines three novels from the immediate postwar period to consider how she adapted her writing to negotiate a changing world and evolving fashions in genre fiction. Engaging with grief, demobilisation, gender, citizenship and the new fears of the atomic age, Christie proves unexpectedly attentive to the anxieties of a new modernity. Publisher PDF

This article analyses two young adult (YA) novels about young men’s experience of anorexia nervosa (AN), within the dual contexts of medical humanities research into literary depictions of illness, and the broader field of YA literature about AN. While emphasising the importance of diverse literary narratives in order to raise awareness of the prevalence of AN in men and boys, and to contribute to the reduction of stigma, it also considers current research into the potentially harmful triggering effects of AN literature on vulnerable readers. It identifies Anne Percin’s Point de côté (Side Stitch) (2006) and Simon Boulerice’s Jeanne Moreau a le sourire à l’envers (Jeanne Moreau Has An Upside-Down Smile) (2013) as examples of good practice in AN literature, due to their thematic focus on male experience, and because they employ narrative strategies that disrupt reader identification with the anorexic character, and avoid focusing directly on potentially triggering descriptions of anorexic ideas and behaviour. They also contribute to diversifying the portrayal of AN via non-judgmental portrayal of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) themes, a topic absent from equivalent YA novels currently available in English. The article further argues that literature—including fiction—contributes to the overall social and cultural discourse surrounding specific illnesses and is likely to affect patients’ real-world experiences, but that it is a specific kind of discourse in its own right, which demands to be read with the appropriate tools. Its detailed analysis of narrative voice alongside thematic content demonstrates how specific approaches from the field of literary studies may complement empirical research into literature and its place within mental health discourse.

Funding: Royal Geographical Society Environment and Sustainability Grant; University of Bristol (Vice-Chancellor's Research Fellowship) In this paper I argue that assemblage theory provides an innovative way to extend critique of sustainable development as it is being remade by the 2015 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Drawing on recent fieldwork in Bolivia, I examine the early take‐up and implementation of the SDGs in a site of intensifying resource extraction and struggles for radical development alternatives. I foreground the assemblage of institutions, discourses, landscapes, and infrastructures that are at once disciplined and held together to materialise and legitimise particular interpretations of sustainable development. This helps highlight what I term the “lost geographies” of the assemblage. Based on this analysis, I argue that the SDGs as assemblage act as a form of anti‐politics by rendering neutral and apolitical the conflictive politics of extractivism. As global momentum to combat climate crisis and environmental crisis grows, such assemblage work helps explain how powerful, extractivist development logics are nevertheless being maintained and reworked. Publisher PDF

We report the synthesis of all‐cis 1,2,4,5‐tetrakis (trifluoromethyl)‐ and all‐cis 1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexakis (trifluoromethyl)‐ cyclohexanes by direct hydrogenation of precursor tetrakis‐ or hexakis‐ (trifluoromethyl)benzenes. The resultant cyclohexanes have a stereochemistry such that all the CF3 groups are on the same face of the cyclohexyl ring. All‐cis 1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexakis(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexane is the most sterically demanding of the all‐cis hexakis substituted cyclohexanes prepared to date, with a barrier (ΔG) to ring inversion calculated at 27 kcal mol−1. The X‐ray structure of all‐cis 1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexakis(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexane displays a flattened chair conformation and the electrostatic profile of this compound reveals a large diffuse negative density on the fluorine face and a focused positive density on the hydrogen face. The electropositive hydrogen face can co‐ordinate chloride (K≈103) and to a lesser extent fluoride and iodide ions. Dehydrofluorination promoted decomposition occurs with fluoride ion acting as a base., All‐cis 1,2,4,5‐tetrakis (trifluoromethyl)‐ and all‐cis 1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexakis (trifluoromethyl)‐ cyclohexanes were prepared by direct aryl hydrogenation. All‐cis 1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexakis(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexane has a high barrier to ring inversion (ΔG≠=27 kcal mol−1) and a Janus face profile with a large diffuse negative density on the fluorine face, and a focused positive density on the hydrogen face which coordinates carbonyls and halides.

Summary Background Suboptimal diagnostics for pulmonary tuberculosis drive the use of the so-called trial of antibiotics, a course of broad-spectrum antibiotics without activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is given to patients who are mycobacteriology negative but symptomatic, with the aim of distinguishing pulmonary tuberculosis from bacterial lower respiratory tract infection. The underlying assumption—that patients with lower respiratory tract infection will improve, whereas those with pulmonary tuberculosis will not—has an unclear evidence base for such a widely used intervention (at least 26·5 million courses are prescribed per year). We aimed to collate available evidence on the diagnostic performance of the trial of antibiotics. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis we searched the MEDLINE, Embase, and Global Health databases for studies published up to March 15, 2019, that investigated the sensitivity and specificity of the trial of antibiotics against mycobacteriology tests in adults (≥15 years) with tuberculosis symptoms. We used the QUADAS-2 tool to assess the risk of bias. We estimated pooled values for sensitivity and specificity of trial of antibiotics (as the index text) versus mycobacteriology tests (as the reference standard) using random-effects bivariate modelling, and we used the I2 statistic to assess heterogeneity between studies contributing to these estimates. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42017083915. Findings Of the 9410 articles identified by our search, eight studies were eligible for inclusion. The studies were from seven countries in Africa, South America, and Asia, and involved 2786 participants. Six studies used mycobacterial culture as the reference standard, and six used penicillins for the trial of antibiotics. The treatment duration, number of antimicrobial courses, and definition of what constituted response to treatment varied substantially between studies. The pooled sensitivity (67%, 95% CI 42–85) and specificity (73%, 58–85) of the trial of antibiotics versus mycobacteriology tests were below internationally defined minimum performance profiles for tuberculosis diagnostics and had substantial heterogeneity (I2 was 96% for sensitivity and 99% for specificity). Each included study failed on one or more domain of the QUADAS-2 tool. Interpretation Current policy and practice regarding the trial of antibiotics appear inappropriate, given the weak evidence base, poor diagnostic performance, potential contribution to the global antimicrobial resistance crisis, and adverse individual and public health consequences from the misclassification of tuberculosis status. Antibiotic strategies during tuberculosis investigations should instead optimise clinical outcomes, ideally guided by clinical trials in both inpatient and outpatient groups. Funding Helse Nord RHF, Wellcome Trust, and the UK Commonwealth Scholarship Commission.

This article explores the competing models of gendered authorship emerging from Marie Corelli’s multiple print encounters with Olive Schreiner. Where Schreiner is cast by Corelli as the modish darling of a snobbish literary intelligentsia, who is beloved by critics and ignored by readers, Corelli herself emerges from her writings about Schreiner as the democratic author par excellence, a writer for the people rather than the press. In spite of the clear common ground that bridged their experience as celebrity authors, Corelli, in her writings about Schreiner, sought only to elucidate the ideological and artistic gulf that she identified as existing between them. As this essay will show, Corelli’s public resistance to Schreiner was a strike not only against an unfair male literary system of which she perceived Schreiner to be an arbitrary beneficiary, but also a rejection of the rhetoric of literary value that emerged in Britain during the fin de siècle. What Corelli failed to understand was that to be a woman writer at this time, however successful, was to occupy an ambiguous position within dominant, masculinist discourses of artistic distinction. A fuller exploration of Schreiner and Corelli’s positions within and experiences of the late-Victorian literary marketplace not only reveals the frailty of Correlli’s oppositional construction in real terms, but also signals the extent to which it was their shared status as women writers that was the key determinant shaping their respective experiences of professional authorship.

This paper uses a puzzle arising from cases of felicitous underspecification in uses of demonstratives to motivate a new model of communication using singular terms.

This research was supported by a British Arts and Humanities Research Council Early Career Fellowship (grant reference AH/K006843/1) and a Research Grant from the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland. Postprint

The authors acknowledge Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61875222, 61875223, 61605106, 11874390). Graphene/III–V semiconductor van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures offer potential access to physics, functionalities, and superior performance of optoelectronic devices. Nevertheless, the lack of a bandgap in graphene severely restricts the controllability of carrier properties and therefore impedes its applications. Here, we demonstrate the engineering of graphene bandgap in the graphene/GaAs heterostructure via C and Ga exchange induced by the method of femtosecond laser irradiation (FLI). The coupling of the bandgap-opened graphene with GaAs significantly enhances both the harvest of photons and the transfer of photon-generated carriers across the interface of vdW heterostructures. Thus, as a demonstration example, it allows us to develop a saturable absorber combining a delicately engineered graphene/GaAs vdW heterostructure with InAs quantum dots capped with short-period superlattices. This device exhibits significantly improved nonlinear characteristics including

Emergence of a firm’s strategy is of central concern to both Strategy Process (SP) and Strategy-as-Practice (SAP) scholars. While SP scholars view strategy emergence as a long-term macro conditioning process, SAP advocates concentrate on the episodic micro ‘doing’ of strategy actors in formal strategy planning settings. Neither perspective explains satisfactorily how process and practice relate in strategy emergence to produce tangible organizational outcomes. The conundrum of reconciling the macro/micro distinction implied in process and practice stems from a shared Substantialist metaphysical commitment that attributes strategy emergence to substantive entities. In this article, we draw on Process metaphysics and the practice-turn in social philosophy and theory to propose a Strategy-in-Practices (SIP) perspective. SIP emphasizes how the multitude of coping actions taken at the ‘coal-face’ of an organization congeal inadvertently over time into an organizational modus operandi that provides the basis for strategizing. Strategy, therefore, inheres within socio-culturally propagated predispositions that provide the patterned consistency that makes the inadvertent emergence of a coherent strategy possible. By demonstrating how strategy is immanent in socio-culturally propagated practices, the SIP perspective overcomes the troublesome micro/macro distinction implied in SP and SAP research. It also advances our understanding of how strategy emergence impacts organizational outcomes. Publisher PDF

Financial support from the Economic and Social Research Council Grant ES/N01829X/1 is gratefully acknowledged. Quality certification not only informs consumers, but also stimulates producers to supply better quality products. We study a problem of quality certification in a moral hazard setting. We show that, under standard assumptions, simple certification systems, such as quality assurance rule and pass-fail rule, are optimal. Our solution method involves interpreting the certification problem as a delegation problem. Postprint

Funding: UK EPSRC grants ”Discovery” EP/P020631/1, ”ABC: Adaptive Brokerage for the Cloud” EP/R010528/1. This article presents an automatic k-means clustering solution targeting the Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer. We first introduce a multilevel parallel partition approach that not only partitions by dataflow and centroid, but also by dimension, which unlocks the potential of the hierarchical parallelism in the heterogeneous many-core processor and the system architecture of the supercomputer. The parallel design is able to process large-scale clustering problems with up to 196,608 dimensions and over 160,000 targeting centroids, while maintaining high performance and high scalability. Furthermore, we propose an automatic hyper-parameter determination process for k-means clustering, by automatically generating and executing the clustering tasks with a set of candidate hyper-parameter, and then determining the optimal hyper-parameter using a proposed evaluation method. The proposed auto-clustering solution can not only achieve high performance and scalability for problems with massive high-dimensional data, but also support clustering without sufficient prior knowledge for the number of targeted clusters, which can potentially increase the scope of k-means algorithm to new application areas. Postprint

Authors thank the Leverhulme Trust (RPG-2016-047). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska Curie grant agreement No 838885 (NarrowbandSSL) and 812872 (TADFlife). We thank Umicore for their generous supply of catalysts. S.S. acknowledges support from the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship. SB acknowledges support from the Bayrisches Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst (Stmwk) in the framework of the initiative "SolTech", as well as from the German Science foundation (DFG) (No. 392306670). Computational resources have been provided by the Consortium des Équipements de Calcul Intensif (CÉCI), funded by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifiques de Belgique (F.R.S.-FNRS) under Grant No. 2.5020.11, as well as the Tier-1 supercomputer of the Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, infrastructure funded by the Walloon Region under the grant agreement n111754. An easy-to-access, near-UV-emitting linearly extended B,N-doped heptacene with high thermal stability is designed and synthesized in good yields. This compound exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) at ambient temperature from a multiresonant (MR) state and represents a rare example of a non-triangulene-based MR-TADF emitter. At lower temperatures triplet–triplet annihilation dominates. The compound simultaneously possesses narrow, deep-blue emission with CIE coordinates of (0.17, 0.01). While delayed fluorescence results mainly from triplet–triplet annihilation at lower temperatures in THF solution, where aggregates form upon cooling, the TADF mechanism takes over around room temperature in solution when the aggregates dissolve or when the compound is well dispersed in a solid matrix. The potential of our molecular design to trigger TADF in larger acenes is demonstrated through the accurate prediction of ΔEST using correlated wave-function-based calculations. On the basis of these calculations, we predicted dramatically different optoelectronic behavior in terms of both ΔEST and the optical energy gap of two constitutional isomers where only the boron and nitrogen positions change. A comprehensive structural, optoelectronic, and theoretical investigation is presented. In addition, the ability of the achiral molecule to assemble on a Au(111) surface to a highly ordered layer composed of enantiomorphic domains of racemic entities is demonstrated by scanning tunneling microscopy. Postprint

Since the publication of François Hartog’s Le Miroir d’Hérodote, Edith Hall’s Inventing the Barbarian, and a flurry of subsequent works, there has been a marked backlash against the Barbarian in classical scholarship. The theme of Greek–Barbarian polarity has been seen as a narrowly Athenian phenomenon, irrelevant to other regional contexts. Scholars have increasingly presented evidence of contact with, or borrowings from, non-Greek cultures, on the assumption that these are incompatible with the rhetoric of polarity. This article questions some of the central assumptions of this scholarly trend, exploring possible explanations for it, and proposes that the Barbarian still should have currency. Publisher PDF

Critical engagement with the relations between geography and empire has become integral to the view that geography is a power-laden venture rather than an impartial or self-contained discipline. The literature on this imbroglio, however, focuses either on the imperial past or on present-day colonialisms and pays scant attention to the postwar era of decolonization (1945–1980). Why is this so? What happened when the empires that geography had helped to shape came to an end after World War II? What impact did decolonization have on the discipline? It is claimed that decolonization had a marginal place in postwar geography but can still be discerned, in buried forms, and that some geographers wrote about it with perspicacity. This contention is pursued with reference to the writing of Western (mainly U.S., British, and French) and some African and Asian geographers and probes how decolonization was differently positioned within different geographical traditions and debates and how geographical knowledge both advanced and challenged understanding of this process. This article promotes a comparative approach to the two facets of the title and delineates both differences and commonalities in geographers’ views and experiences. There are two key findings: First, geographers were much more interested in the everyday geographical violence of decolonization than in its high politics or the writings of revolutionaries; second, this concern prompted some to observe that questions of decolonization were subordinated too easily to ones of development. Postprint

Organic optoelectronic devices combine high-performance, simple fabrication and distinctive form factors. They are widely integrated in smart devices and wearables as flexible, high pixel density organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays, and may be scaled to large area by roll-to-roll printing for lightweight solar power systems. Exceptionally thin and flexible organic devices may enable future integrated bioelectronics and security features. However, as a result of their low charge mobility, these are generally thought to be slow devices with microsecond response times, thereby limiting their full scope of potential applications. By investigating the factors limiting their bandwidth and overcoming them, we demonstrate here exceptionally fast OLEDs with bandwidths in the hundreds of MHz range. This opens up a wide range of potential applications in spectroscopy, communications, sensing and optical ranging. As an illustration of this, we have demonstrated visible light communication using OLEDs with data rates exceeding 1 gigabit per second., Organic LEDs (OLEDs) have generally been considered to be slow devices. Through engineering the structure and materials of OLEDs, the authors achieve a breakthrough in the high-speed operation of OLEDs and demonstrate a 1 Gbps optical wireless link using the OLEDs.

We analyse the complexity of constructing involution centralisers in unitary groups over fields of odd order. In particular, we prove logarithmic bounds on the number of random elements required to generate a subgroup of the centraliser of a strong involution that contains the last term of its derived series. We use this to strengthen previous bounds on the complexity of recognition algorithms for unitary groups in odd characteristic. Our approach generalises and extends two previous papers by the second author and collaborators on strong involutions and regular semisimple elements of linear groups., Comment: 48 pages. Revised after suggestions from Eamonn O'Brien and an anonymous referee. To appear J. Algebra

Syngenta (Case Award to DJP) and a Philip Leverhulme Prize for funding (SLC, AE). RKM and PHW are grateful to the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund and National Science Foundation (NSF-MRI: CHE-1429616). The importance of 1,5-O···chalcogen (Ch) interactions in isochalcogenourea catalysis (Ch = O, S, Se) is investigated. Conformational analyses of N-acyl isochalcogenouronium species and comparison with kinetic data demonstrate the significance of 1,5-O···Ch interactions in enantioselective catalysis. Importantly, the selenium analogue demonstrates enhanced rate and selectivity profiles across a range of reaction processes including nitronate conjugate addition and formal [4+2] cycloadditions. A gram-scale synthesis of the most active selenium analogue was developed using a previously unreported seleno-Hugerschoff reaction, allowing the challenging kinetic resolutions of tertiary alcohols to be performed at 500 ppm catalyst loading. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations support the role of orbital delocalization (occurring by intramolecular chalcogen bonding) in determining the conformation, equilibrium population, and reactivity of N-acylated intermediates. Postprint

The Natural Environment Research Council provided funding to N.W.B. (NE/G014906/1, NE/L011255/1) and to N.W.B. and M.G.R. (NE/1027800/1). Sequencing was provided by Edinburgh Genomics and the Centre for Genomic Research (University of Liverpool). Bioinformatics resources at St Andrews were funded by the Wellcome Trust (105621/Z/14/Z). Support from the China Scholarship Council (201703780018) to X.Z. is gratefully acknowledged. The Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council provided support to M.B. for development of ChirpBase (BB/K020161/1). Evolutionary adaptation is generally thought to occur through incremental mutational steps, but large mutational leaps can occur during its early stages. These are challenging to study in nature due to the difficulty of observing new genetic variants as they arise and spread, but characterizing their genomic dynamics is important for understanding factors favoring rapid adaptation. Here, we report genomic consequences of recent, adaptive song loss in a Hawaiian population of field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus). A discrete genetic variant, flatwing, appeared and spread approximately 15 years ago. Flatwing erases sound‐producing veins on male wings. These silent flatwing males are protected from a lethal, eavesdropping parasitoid fly. We sequenced, assembled and annotated the cricket genome, produced a linkage map, and identified a flatwing quantitative trait locus covering a large region of the X chromosome. Gene expression profiling showed that flatwing is associated with extensive genome‐wide effects on embryonic gene expression. We found that flatwing male crickets express feminized chemical pheromones. This male feminizing effect, on a different sexual signaling modality, is genetically associated with the flatwing genotype. Our findings suggest that the early stages of evolutionary adaptation to extreme pressures can be accompanied by greater genomic and phenotypic disruption than previously appreciated, and highlight how abrupt adaptation might involve suites of traits that arise through pleiotropy or genomic hitchhiking. Publisher PDF

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to interrogate the nature and relevance of debates around the existence of, and ramifications arising from, the Anthropocene for accounting scholarship. Design/methodology/approach The paper’s aim is achieved through an in-depth analysis of the Anthropocene, paying attention to cross-disciplinary contributions, interpretations and contestations. Possible points of connection between the Anthropocene and accounting scholarship are then proposed and illuminated through a case study drawn from the seafood sector. Findings This paper develops findings in two areas. First, possible pathways for further development of how accounting scholarship might evolve by the provocation that thinking about the Anthropocene is outlined. Second, and through engagement with the case study, the authors highlight that the concept of stewardship may re-emerge in discussions about accountability in the Anthropocene. Research limitations/implications The paper argues that accounting scholarship focused on social, environmental and sustainability concerns may be further developed by engagement with Anthropocene debates. Practical implications While accounting practice might have to change to deal with Anthropocene induced effects, this paper focuses on implications for accounting scholarship. Social implications Human well-being is likely to be impacted if environmental impacts accelerate. In addition, an Anthropocene framing alters the understanding of nature–human interactions and how this affects accounting thought. Originality/value This is the first paper in accounting to seek to establish connections between accounting, accountability and the Anthropocene.

Diet alteration may lead to nutrient limitations even in the absence of food limitation, and this may affect physiological functions, including immunity. Nutrient limitations may also affect the maintenance of body mass and key life‐history events that may affect immune function. Yet, variation in immune function is largely attributed to energetic trade‐offs rather than specific nutrient constraints.To test the effect of diet on life‐history traits, we tested how diet composition affects innate immune function, body mass and moult separately and in combination with each other, and then used path analyses to generate hypotheses about the mechanistic connections between immunity and body mass under different diet compositions.We performed a balanced parallel and crossover design experiment with omnivorous common bulbuls Pycnonotus barbatus in out‐door aviaries in Nigeria. We fed 40 wild‐caught bulbuls ad libitum on fruits or invertebrates for 24 weeks, switching half of each group between treatments after 12 weeks. We assessed innate immune indices (haptoglobin, nitric oxide and ovotransferrin concentrations, and haemagglutination and haemolysis titres), body mass and primary moult, fortnightly. We simplified immune indices into three principal components (PCs), but we explored mechanistic connections between diet, body mass and each immune index separately.Fruit‐fed bulbuls had higher body mass, earlier moult and showed higher values for two of the three immune PCs compared to invertebrate‐fed bulbuls. These effects were reversed when we switched bulbuls between treatments after 12 weeks. Exploring the correlations between immune function, body mass and moult, showed that an increase in immune function was associated with a decrease in body mass and delayed moult in invertebrate‐fed bulbuls, while fruit‐fed bulbuls maintained body mass despite variation in immune function. Path analyses indicated that diet composition was most likely to affect body mass and immune indices directly and independently from each other. Only haptoglobin concentration was indirectly linked to diet composition via body mass.We demonstrated a causal effect of diet composition on innate immune function, body mass and moult: bulbuls were in a better condition when fed on fruits than invertebrates, confirming that innate immunity is nutrient specific. Our results are unique because they show a reversible effect of diet composition on wild adult birds whose immune systems are presumably fully developed and adapted to wild conditions—demonstrating a short‐term consequence of diet alteration on life‐history traits., The authors results confirm that innate immunity is nutrient specific, but they are unique because the authors show an experimentally reversible effect of diet composition on wild adult birds whose immune systems are presumably fully developed and adapted to wild conditions—demonstrating a short‐term consequence of diet alteration in natural systems.

A toolkit of two complementary dynamic covalent nanoparticles enables programmable and reversible nanoparticle functionalization and construction of adaptive binary assemblies., Nanoparticle-based devices, materials and technologies will demand a new era of synthetic chemistry where predictive principles familiar in the molecular regime are extended to nanoscale building blocks. Typical covalent strategies for modifying nanoparticle-bound species rely on kinetically controlled reactions optimised for efficiency but with limited capacity for selective and divergent access to a range of product constitutions. In this work, monolayer-stabilized nanoparticles displaying complementary dynamic covalent hydrazone exchange reactivity undergo distinct chemospecific transformations by selecting appropriate combinations of ‘nucleophilic’ or ‘electrophilic’ nanoparticle-bound monolayers with nucleophilic or electrophilic molecular modifiers. Thermodynamically governed reactions allow modulation of product compositions, spanning mixed-ligand monolayers to exhaustive exchange. High-density nanoparticle-stabilizing monolayers facilitate in situ reaction monitoring by quantitative 19F NMR spectroscopy. Kinetic analysis reveals that hydrazone exchange rates are moderately diminished by surface confinement, and that the magnitude of this effect is dependent on mechanistic details: surface-bound electrophiles react intrinsically faster, but are more significantly affected by surface immobilization than nucleophiles. Complementary nanoparticles react with each other to form robust covalently connected binary aggregates. Endowed with the adaptive characteristics of the dynamic covalent linking process, the nanoscale assemblies can be tuned from extended aggregates to colloidally stable clusters of equilibrium sizes that depend on the concentration of a monofunctional capping agent. Just two ‘dynamic covalent nanoparticles’ with complementary thermodynamically governed reactivities therefore institute a programmable toolkit offering flexible control over nanoparticle surface functionalization, and construction of adaptive assemblies that selectively combine several nanoscale building blocks.

The practice of creating translations that ‘rouse, inspire, witness, mobilize, and incite to rebellion’ is described by Maria Tymoczko, following Jean-Paul Sartre's littérature engagée, as ‘engaged translation’. In Spain, under the Franco dictatorship (1939–1975), the theatre became a site of opposition to his rule and the creation of ‘engaged’ translations of foreign plays was one of the ways in which alternative social and political realities were transmitted to local audiences. This was particularly evident during the so-called apertura period (1962–1969), when Spain's political leaders embraced more liberal and outward-facing cultural policies as part of their efforts to ensure the regime's continuity. Drawing on archival evidence from the state censorship files held at Archivo General de la Administración (AGA) in Alcalá de Henares, this article considers how ‘engaged’ translations of Sartre's theatre were employed as instruments of cultural opposition to the Spanish dictatorship. It also argues that an analysis of the files both helps us to understand the role of censorship in shaping an official version of the past, and shines a light on the memory of a little-studied aspect of cultural activism in the Spanish theatre. Postprint

Funding: Authors thank EPRSC and BP for a CASE Award for SMP (EP/N50936X/1). We would like to thank the ERC (EU FP7 Consolidator Grant 614290 “EXONMR”). SEA would like to thank the Royal Society and the Wolfson Foundation for a merit award. A new approach for room-temperature 17O enrichment of zeolites reveals a surprisingly dynamic and labile framework, where rapid and reversible bond breaking takes place. 17O NMR spectroscopy shows that although O sites in both framework Si-O-Al and Si-O-Si linkages are enriched simply on exposure to H217O(l), the enrichment of Si-O-Al species is more rapid, with a more uniform framework enrichment observed at longer durations. We demonstrate that this unexpected enrichment can be observed for two different framework topologies and for Na-exchanged (i.e., non-acidic) zeolites, as well as their protonic forms, confirming that the Brønsted acid proton is not necessary for isotopic exchange into the framework. This work not only offers new opportunities for structural characterization of these chemically and industrially important materials using NMR spectroscopy, but suggests that further investigation of the rate and position of enrichment in zeolite frameworks could provide new insight into their chemical reactivity and their stability in aqueous-based applications such as ion exchange and catalysis. Postprint Postprint

This research was funded in part by grants from the National Science Foundation (IOS-1656676, IOS-1656656; OPP-1644209 and 07-39483), the Office of Naval Research (N000141612477), and a Terman Fellowship from Stanford University. All procedures in USA were conducted under approval of the National Marine Fisheries Service (Permits 781-1824, 16163, 14809, 16111, 19116, 15271, 20430), Canada DFO SARA/MML 2010-01/SARA-106B, National Marine Sanctuaries (MULTI-2017-007), Antarctic Conservation Act (2009-014, 2015-011) and institutional IACUC committee protocols. Fieldwork, data collection and data processing for M. densirostris were funded by the Office of Naval Research grants N00014-07-10988, N00014-07-11023, N00014-08-10990, N00014-18-1-2062, and 00014-15-1-2553, and the U.S. Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program Grant SI-1539. PLT gratefully acknowledges funding from funding the MASTS pooling initiative (The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland). MASTS is funded by the Scottish Funding Council (HR09011) and contributing institutions. The largest animals are marine filter feeders, but the underlying mechanism of their large size remains unexplained. We measured feeding performance and prey quality to demonstrate how whale gigantism is driven by the interplay of prey abundance and harvesting mechanisms that increase prey capture rates and energy intake. The foraging efficiency of toothed whales that feed on single prey is constrained by the abundance of large prey, whereas filter-feeding baleen whales seasonally exploit vast swarms of small prey at high efficiencies. Given temporally and spatially aggregated prey, filter feeding provides an evolutionary pathway to extremes in body size that are not available to lineages that must feed on one prey at a time. Maximum size in filter feeders is likely constrained by prey availability across space and time. Postprint

Band inversions are key to stabilising a variety of novel electronic states in solids, from topological surface states in inverted bulk band gaps of topological insulators to the formation of symmetry-protected three-dimensional Dirac and Weyl points and nodal-line semimetals. Here, we create a band inversion not of bulk states, but rather between manifolds of surface states. We realise this by aliovalent substitution of Nb for Zr and Sb for S in the ZrSiS family of nonsymmorphic semimetals. Using angle-resolved photoemission and density-functional theory, we show how two pairs of surface states, known from ZrSiS, are driven to intersect each other in the vicinity of the Fermi level in NbGeSb, as well as to develop pronounced spin-orbit mediated spin splittings. We demonstrate how mirror symmetry leads to protected crossing points in the resulting spin-orbital entangled surface band structure, thereby stabilising surface state analogues of three-dimensional Weyl points. More generally, our observations suggest new opportunities for engineering topologically and symmetry-protected states via band inversions of surface states., In press at Nature Communications. This is the originally submitted manuscript prior to changes during the review process. Contains 20+6 pages, including Supplementary Information

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What are the factors that render environmental concerns salient in people’s lives, and under what conditions do people make connections between an abstract concept such as climate change and concrete experiences in their own daily circumstances? Taking as our focus ethnographic work with children in several different ethnographic settings (Barrow, Alaska; Oaxaca, Mexico; Tuv aimag and Uvurkhangai aimag, Mongolia; and East Anglia, United Kingdom), we explore how the children come to articulate environmental knowledge as a process of “figuring out” and the extent to which the children engage with the changing climate as a matter of concern. The paper provides an ethnographic account of the main themes that emerged in each region, before developing a comparative discussion of some key factors that gave shape to how climate change comes to matter in the lives of the children. Three dimensions are explored: the effect of climate change on livelihoods and the proximity of children’s experience to those livelihoods, the political salience of the narrative of climate change, and the temporal depth invoked by the environment. Publisher PDF