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The cancer burden continues to grow globally and places extraordinary physical, emotional and financial pressures on individuals, communities and health systems. Studies continue without slowing down to establish new targets and treatment strategies for cancer, which still remains an important problem in the clinic and does not have a definitive cure yet. Natural compounds obtained from different sources stand out as new therapeutic agents in cancer due to their more effective and selective properties and lower toxic effects. Thus, we aimed to clarify the possible anticancer effects of Aronia melonacarpa on human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and pine resinon prostate cancer cell line (PC-3).Our target plants, pine resin and Aronia melonacarpa were collected from different locations from Aegean and Blacksea region of Türkiye, respectively. The genotoxic effect of the methanol extracts was determined by alkaline comet assay. 100, 200 and 400 μg/ml extract concentrations, which have the high cytotoxic effect, were used. The examined groups were control negative, plant extract and positive control groups. Comparison of the anti-cancer and genotoxic effect of different concentrations on MCF-7 of Aronia melonacarpa and pine resin on PC-3 was evaluated by SPSS 20.0 program. Comet assay results showed that the both Aronia melonacarpa and pine resin extract exhibited genotoxic effects against MCF-7 and PC-3 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner by increasing the mean percentage of DNA damage after 24hrs of treatment (p

Integrating clinical pharmacists in a multidisciplinary patient care team improves the treatment process by identifying and resolving drug-related problems (DRPs). The aim of the study was to determine the effect of clinical pharmacist intervention for DRPs in the gastroenterology service. The first period of the study was conducted between 15.06.2018 and 15.02.2019. Eighty patients admitted to the gastroenterology ward, who used at least one medication, were included in \"the study group\". The clinical pharmacist participated in ward rounds and made interventions to solve identified DRPs. In the second period of the study, the control group consisted of 80 patients admitted to the same ward between 01.03.2019 and 06.06.2019. DRPs were determined only from the data obtained from the hospital system in the control group. DRPs were classified according to the European Pharmaceutical Care Network (PCNE V9.1). A total of 136 and 46 with an average of 1.7 and 0.57 DRPs per patient (p

Sardas, Semra/0000-0001-5456-8636; Buyuk, Ayse Seyma/0000-0001-8934-0359 Antimicrobials have been known for millennia, but innovative antibiotics are currently in short supply. New antimicrobial discoveries are being threatened by planetary scale loss of biodiversity that has important impacts on species and ecosystems. This expert review underscores that microorganisms in nature and their diversity are essential cornerstones to revitalize the antibiotic innovation and discovery pipeline. The recent rise of systems ecology and planetary health offers new and actionable potentials in this regard. Without a systems scale focus and appreciation of systems ecology, the global threats to human and planetary health from inappropriate use of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance will continue to escalate with serious consequences to all life on the planet. With acutely pressing research and development needs to revitalize antibiotic treatment and novel diagnostic tools for personalized medicine, national health systems ought to work across knowledge silos not only within but also across the ministries, for example, health, agriculture, environment, economy, trade, and social services ministries that collectively impact on systems ecology and by extension on health innovations including the antibiotic discovery pipeline. Such systems vision can also help to revitalize antibiotic discovery pipeline as most antibiotics have natural origins or have designs inspired or based on molecules in the environment and microorganisms that produce antibiotics. Above all, our audience and responsibility include every person who has an interest in his or her own health, in the health of his or her fellow human beings and all life on the planet, and in the health of future generations. WOS:000515387600001 32073984 Q2

Acrylamide is a chemical that may occurs incertain foods through Maillard reaction between amino acids and certainreducing sugars during high-temperature cooking, such as fried foods and bakeryproducts. ACR is used in preparing polymers and copolymers containing polarfunctional groups, manufacturing of cosmetics, glues and paper. ACR has thepotential to be neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, genotoxic effects and lead to lipidperoxidation by decreasing oxidative defense system. Moreover, theInternational Agency for Research on Cancer has classified acrylamide as“probably carcinogenic to humans, 2A” in 1994. ACR can be metabolize to formepoxide derivative glycidamide that can react with thiol and hydroxyl groups ofmacromolecules such as proteins, DNA and lipids in living organism. Reactive oxygenspecies (ROS) mediated oxidative stress is related in some of diseases and itis also induced by most of reactive chemicals. ROS are formed as a naturalbyproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen endogenously and can be produced by exogenous xenobiotics. ACR is alsoknown to increase ROS levels and cause to oxidative damages in the body. Thereare number of protective antioxidants and antioxidantenzymes for dealing with the reactive metabolites. The role of theantioxidants in ACR mediated oxidative damages in living organism has a greatimportance and studies on antioxidants are important for revealing theprotective effect on oxidative stress. The aim of this study is to show thesignificance of the acrylamide toxicity and ameliorativeeffects of antioxidants against oxidative organ injury due to ACR toxicity inrats.

WOS: 000417368400005 Nowadays, several test systems have been developed in order to observe the mutagenic effects of chemical agents which play crucial roles in human health. The Ames Test is one of these test systems. With the Ames Test, some bacterial mutants have been discovered to investigate the mutagenic effects of the chemicals. Various strains of Salmonella typhimurium are one of the groups of the bacterial mutants in question. The aim of this study is to investigate possible antimutagenic effect of Pelargonium sidoides which have an antioxidant effect towards carcinogenic substance called 2-aminofluorene by Ames/Salmonella/Microsome test kit in the absence and presence of metabolic activation. TA 98 and TA 100 strains were used in these experiments. TA 98 is designed for frame-shift mutagens and TA 100 is designed for base-pair mutagens. The antimutagenic activity was screened in two groups with or without S9 metabolic activation. The results were evaluated the mean average values and compared with positive and negative controls. In conclusion, it was shown that Pelargonium sidoides have antimutagenic effect towards TA 98 and TA 100 without S9 metabolic activation (p >= 0.05) but have no antimutagenic effect towards TA 98 and TA 100 with S9 metabolic activation (p

WOS: 000400553200039 Formaldehyde (FA) is an organic chemical which is widely used all over the world and has hazardous effects for the environment. FA can react with many biomolecules in the biological systems and lead to toxic effects on humans. Melatonin (MEL), a neurohormone produced by pineal gland, has been shown to be an effective antioxidant with free radical scavenging properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effects of MEL on FA-induced toxicity by monitoring oxidant/antioxidant and histopathological changes in the lung, liver and kidney tissues of rats as well as DNA damage in the blood samples. FA was administered through inhalation at a rate of 6 ppm for 6 weeks and intraperitoneal injection at a rate of 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days. MEL was administered in related groups at a rate of 10 mg/kg/day. Upon the completion of the experimental protocol, tissues were dissected for processing biochemical assays and routine histological staining. Blood samples were collected to investigate DNA damage with the comet assay and ELISA kit for 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). FA exposures increased the levels of DNA damage, malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase activity and reduced glutathione levels. FA also significantly raised the level of tissue reactive oxygen species. FA-induced morphological changes in the tissues were also observed with the light microscope. These alterations were reversed by MEL treatment. In conclusion, the present study suggests that oxidative mechanisms play an important role in FA toxicity. MEL ameliorates oxidative tissue and DNA damage resulting from FA-induced toxicity by balancing oxidant-antioxidant status, inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and reducing 8-OHdG level, and might be beneficial in reducing FA-induced oxidative tissue and DNA damage. Commission of Scientific Investigations Projects (BAPKO) of Marmara University [SAG-C-DRP-110915-0414] This study was financially supported by Grant Project No: SAG-C-DRP-110915-0414 from the Commission of Scientific Investigations Projects (BAPKO) of Marmara University.

Objective: Studies have reported that genetic susceptibility and environmental factors play an important role in the formation of colorectal cancer (CRC). Individuals with incidence of colorectal cancer in the first-degree relatives are about twice as likely to develop CRC as those without any family history. Biomarkers are often utilized for the determination of increased risk of cancer. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential DNA damage using by comet assay and chromosomal aberrations (CAs), measurement of DNA repair capacity by using challenge assay as biomarkers of susceptibility in peripheral lymphocytes of CRC patients and their first degree relatives. Methods: Peripheral blood samples were taken from untreated patients diagnosed with CRC (n=56), their first degree relatives (n=50) and healthy controls (n=25) were analyzed by comet assay and challenge assay and CAs. Results: Chromosomal aberration frequency by chromosomal aberration technique in peripheral blood lymphocytes in CRC patients and their first degree relatives were not statistically different as compared with the controls (p>0.05). However, a statistically significant increase in DNA damage was observed by comet assay (p

Dünyanın pek çok ülkesinde yapılan araştırmalar kalıtsal duyarlılık ve çevresel faktörlerin etkileri sonucu kolorektal kanserlerin oluştuğuna işaret etmektedir. Kolorektal kanser hastalarının birinci derece yakınlarında kansere yakalanma riskinin daha yüksek olduğu yapılan çalışmalar ile gösterilmiştir. Kolorektal kanserin moleküler ve biyolojik özellikleri hakkındaki bilgilerin hızla artması patogenezine ışık tutmaktadır. Artan kanser riskinin belirlenmesi için biyogöstergelerden sıklıkla yararlanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, genotoksisite çalışmalarında DNA hasarının gösterilmesinde oldukça başarılı olan comet tekniği ve kromozomal aberasyon (CA, Chromosomal Aberration) ile kolorektal kanser hastaları ve birinci derece yakınlarının lenfositlerindeki muhtemel genotoksik etkilerinin araştırılması ve duyarlılığın biyogöstergesi olarak değerlendirilen Challenge Tekniği'nin yardımı ile DNA onarım kapasitesi ve genotoksik etki arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılmasıdır. Bu amaçla henüz hiç tedavi görmemiş, yeni teşhiş edilmiş kolorektal kanser hastalarından (n= 56), birinci derece yakınlarından (n= 50) ve kontrol grubu olarak sağlıklı gönüllülerden (n= 25) kan örnekleri toplandı. Kolorektal kanser hastaları ve birinci derece yakınlarının kromozomal aberasyon frekansı kontrol grubuna kıyasla anlamlı bir fark göstermemiştir (p>0.05) ancak kolorektal kanser hastaları ve birinci derece yakınlarında comet sonuçları (%DNAT, Kuyruktaki %DNA), kontrol grubuna oranla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede artmış DNA hasarı belirlenmiştir (p0.05). However, a statistically significant increase in DNA damage was observed by comet assay (p

Objective: Studies in all over the world have reported that genetic susceptibility and environmental factors play an important role in the formation of colorectal cancer. Overall, individuals with incidence of colorectal cancer in the first-degree relatives are about twice as likely to develop colorectal cancer as those without any family history. The rapid increase about the information on molecular and biological characteristics of colorectal cancer has shed light on the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Biomarkers are often utilized for the determination of increased risk of cancer. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential DNA damage using by comet assay in peripheral lymphocytes of colorectal cancer patients, their first degree relatives compared with healthy subjects. Methods: Peripheral blood samples were taken from untreated patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (n=26), their first degree relatives (n=26) and healthy subjects (n=18) were analyzed by comet assay. A total of 50 individual cells were screened per sample (from each slide). The length of the DNA migrated in the comet tail, which is an estimate of DNA damage, was measured with image analysis system. Mean tail %DNA for each cell was calculated as 100-Head %DNA. Each participant was interviewed with a questionnaire which covered a detailed sociodemographic attributes including variables known to induce the comet frequency. Results: The DNA damage was found significantly higher in colorectal cancer patients and their first degree relatives (respectively 10.45±1.50, 9.83±1.40) as compared with the control group (8.59±0.76) (respectively p, Amaç: Dünyanın pek çok ülkesinde yapılan araştırmalar kalıtımsal duyarlılık ve çevresel faktörlerin etkileri sonucu kolorektal kanserlerin oluştuğuna işaret etmektedir. Kolorektal kanser hastalarının birinci derece yakınlarında kansere yakalanma riskinin diğer bireylere oranla iki kat daha yüksek olduğu yapılan çalışmalar ile gösterilmiştir. Kolorektal kanserin moleküler ve biyolojik özellikleri hakkındaki bilgilerin hızla artması patogenezine ışık tutmaktadır. Artan kanser riskinin belirlenmesi için biyogöstergelerden sıklıkla yararlanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, genotoksisite çalışmalarında DNA hasarının gösterilmesinde oldukça başarılı bir biyogösterge olan comet tekniği ile kolorektal kanser hastaları ve birinci derece yakınlarının lenfositlerindeki muhtemel genotoksik etkilerin sağlıklı gönüllüler ile karşılaştırılmasıdır. Yöntemler: Henüz hiç tedavi görmemiş, yeni teşhis edilmiş kolorektal kanser hastalarından (n=26), birinci derece yakınlarından (n=26) ve kontrol grubundan (n=18) kan örnekleri toplandı. Comet tekniğinde her örnek için incelenen 50 hücrenin (slayt başına) her birinde kuyruktaki DNA yüzdesi oranlarının ortalaması “mean tail DNA %” (%DNA T) görüntüleme analiz sistemi kullanılarak hesaplandı. Yapılan anket değerlendirmelerinde sosyodemografik özellikler ve DNA hasarını etkileyebilecek faktörler göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. Bulgular: Kolorektal kanser hastaları ve birinci derece yakın bireylerin periferal kan lenfositlerinde comet tekniği uygulanması sonucunda elde edilen ortalama %DNA T değerleri (sırasıyla 10.45±1.50 ve 9.83±1.39) olarak saptanmış olup, kontrol grubu (8.59±0.76) ile kar- şılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmiştir (sırasıyla p

Amaç: Micromeria fruticosa subsp. brachycalyx bitkisinin metanol ekstresinin potansiyel antioksidan, antienflamatuvar, analjezik ve antispazmodik aktiviteleri ile sitotoksik ve genotoksik etkisinin incelenmesi hedeflenmektedir. Gereç ve yöntem: Bitki ekst

Objective: DNA damage that can be caused by workplace exposure to antineoplastic drugs in health workers has been shown in many scientific studies. It is aimed to evaluate whether the risk of genotoxicity in health workers decreases after the regulations and measures taken by national and international health authorities in our work.Methods: For this purpose, DNA damage was assessed by using alkaline comet technique in lymphocytes isolated from blood samples of health workers (n=29) who were involved in preparing and / or administering antineoplastic agent at Trakya University Health Research and Application Center and compared with the control group (n=30). Also, those who prepare and/or administer antineoplastic agents; (n=16) and manual (n=13) preparations.Results: As a result of the evaluation, there was no statistically significant difference between health personnel and control group in preparing and / or administering antineoplastic agent (p>0,05, Mann-Whitney U) and there was no difference in the genotoxic risk between preparation forms. Furthermore, when the exposed control group was assessed for DNA damage as smokers and nonsmokers, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of DNA damage (p>0.05).Conclusion: At the center where our samples were taken, the resulting measures resulted in the control of the risk of genotoxicity due to occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada sıçanlarda streptozotosin ile oluşturulan diyabet modelinde kardiyovasküler komplikasyonları etkileyebilecek miRNA'ların kalp dokusundaki ekspresyon düzeylerine bakılması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda, 300-400 gr arasındaki ağırlıkta olan Sprague-Dawley cinsi erkek sıçanlar kullanıldı. Sıçanlar, 2 gruba ayrıldı; birinci gruba uygulama yapılmazken, ikinci gruptaki sıçanlara 60 mg/kg dozda streptozotosin (STZ) intraperitoneal (ip) uygulandı. Kan glikoz değerleri 200 mg/dl'nin üzerinde olanlar diyabetik olarak kabul edildi. 6 haftanın sonunda hayvanların dekapitasyonunu takiben çıkarılan diyabetik olan ve olmayan kalp dokularının bir kısmında miRNA'lar mikroarray yöntemi ile belirlendi. Kalp dokularının kalan kısmı % 10'luk formaldehite alınarak histolojik çalışmalarda kullanıldı.Bulgular: Diyabetik kalp dokusunda kontrol grubuna nazaran miRNA ekspresyonunda değişiklikler saptandı. miR-200c-3p, miR-129-5p, miR-150-3p, miR-3584-5p, miR-34c-3p, miR-342-3p, miR-466d, miR-466c-3p, miR-15b-5p, miR-196b-3p, miR-466b-3p, miR-31a-5p, miR-208a-5p olmak üzere 13 miRNA ekspresyon düzeyi çalışıldı. Bu miRNA'lardan; ilk 4 tanesinin upregüle, diğer 9 tanesinin de downregüle olduğu bulundu. Histopatolojik bulgularımızın bu verilerle uyumlu olduğu görüldü. Sonuç: Bugüne kadar yapılan çalışmalarda diyabetik kardiyomiyopati ile miR-200c ve miR-208a'nın ilişkili olabileceği gösterilmiştir. Biz bu çalışmada bu miRNA'ların dışında diyabetik kardiyomiyopatinin tanısında ve tedavisinde etkin olabilecek 11 miRNA daha saptadık.Anahtar Kelimeler: Diabetes Mellitus, Streptozotosin, Kardiyomiyopati,miRNA'lar Aim: This study aims to investigate the expression levels of miRNAs in cardiac tissue that may affect cardiovascular complications in streptozotocin-induced diabetes model in rats.Material and Method: In our study, Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing between 300-400 gr were used. Rats were divided into 2 groups; While the first group was not treated, the rats in the second group received streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneal (ip) at a dose of 60 mg / kg. Blood glucose values above 200 mg / dl were considered as diabetic. miRNAs were determined by microarray method some of the diabetic and non-diabetic heart tissues taken after the decapitation of animals at the end of 6 weeks. Remaining heart tissues were used in histological studies by taking 10% formaldehyde.Result: Changes in miRNA expression were detected in diabetic cardiac tissue compared to the control group. While the first 4 miRNA's (miR-200c-3p, miR-129-5p, miR-150-3p, miR-3584-5p) were upregulated, the other 9 (miR-34c-3p, miR-342-3p, miR-466d, miR-466c-3p, miR-15b-5p, miR-196b-3p, miR-466b-3p, miR-31a-5p,miR-208a-5p) were downregulated. Our histopathological findings were consistent with these data.Conclusion: Studies to date showed that miR-200c and miR-208a may be related to diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we found 11 miRNAs which may be effective in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.Key words: Diabetes Mellitus, Streptozotosin, Cardiomyopathy, miRNAs 99

ÖZETAmaç: Scorzonera veratrifolia (S. veratrifolia) bitkisinin antioksidan, antienflamatuvar, yara iyileştirici ve antikarsinojenik potansiyellerinin araştırılması hedeflenmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: S. veratrifolia bitkisinin metanollü ve heptanlı ekstrelerinin yara iyileşmesi üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla wistar albino sıçanların sırtında doğrusal kesi yarası oluşturularak sıçanlar rasgele 5 gruba (n=6, kontrol, negatif kontrol, pozitif kontrol, Heptan ve metanollü ekstre) ayrıldı. Kontrol grubuna herhangi bir işlem uygulanmazken diğer gruplara 10 gün boyunca 0,5 gram preparat günde 2 kez uygulanarak ilgili tedavi yapıldı. Kanda Kuyruktaki DNA yüzdesi (%DNAT), 8-hidroksideoksiguanozin (8-OHdG) düzeyleri ve serumda İnterlökin-1β (IL-1β) ve tümör nekroz faktör alfa (TNF-α) düzeyleri ölçüldü. Deri dokularında glutatyon (GSH), malondialdehit (MDA) düzeyleri, myeloperoksidaz (MPO) aktivitesi, kemilüminesans ölçümler yapıldı. Her bir ekstrenin in vitro sitotoksik ve yara iyileştirici aktiviteleri NIH 3T3 fare fibroblast hücrelerinde ve çeşitli kanser hücre hatlarında MTT yöntemiyle tayin edildi. Histolojik değişiklikler ışık mikroskobu ile incelendi. Ayrıca herbir ekstrenin in vitro antioksidan aktivitesi DPPH ve FRAP yöntemleriyle incelendi ve içerdikleri fenolik madde miktarları FCR yöntemiyle tayin edildi. Bulgular: 8-OHdG düzeyleri ve %DNAT sonuçları kontrol grubuna göre kıyaslandığında anlamlı bir fark (p>0.05) oluşmadığı belirlenirken diğer in vitro bulgular ekstrelerin kontrole kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde antioksidan ve yara iyileştirici etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. IL-1β, TNF-α, GSH, MDA, MPO, kemilüminesans ölçümler ile de benzer etkililik istatistiksel olarak belirlenmiştir. Histolojik incelemeler de anlamlı değişikliği desteklemektedir. Kanser hücre hatlarında ise ekstrelerin sitotoksik etkisi olmadığı ancak proliferatif etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Sonuçlar: S. veratrifolia bitkisinin yara iyileştirici özelliğe sahip olduğunu ve yapılacak çalışmalar ile desteklenerek klinikte kullanılabilecek bir ilaç olma potansiyeline sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.ABSTRACTEvaluation of Antioxidant and Incision Wound Healing Activities of Neraband (Scorzonera veratrifolia) PlantPurpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the possible antioxidant, wound healing, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogen effects of Scorzonera veratrifolia plant. Materials and Methods: Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 6, control, negative control, positive control, heptane and methanol extract) to determine the effect of methanol and heptane extracts of S. veratrifolia on wound healing. While no treatment was applied to the control group, the other groups were treated with 0.5 g twice a day for 10 days. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels and %DNA in tail (%DNAT) were measured in blood samples. Glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, chemiluminescence measurements were performed in skin tissues. In vitro cytotoxic wound healing activities of each extract were determined in NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells and in various cancer cell lines by MTT method. Histological changes were examined by light microscopy. In vitro antioxidant activity of each extract was examined by DPPH and FRAP methods and the amounts of phenolic contents in extracts were determined by FCR method.Results: The results showed that 8-OHdG levels and % DNAT results were not significantly different (p> 0.05) compared to the control group, while other in vitro findings showed significant changes compared to control. Similar activity was determined with IL-1β, TNF-α, GSH, MDA, MPO, chemiluminescence measurements. Significant changes were supported by the histological examinations. Plant extracts were not cytotoxic in cancer cell lines but showed proliferative activity. Conclusion: The results suggest that the S. veratrifolia has wound healing activity and is a potential drug candidate which needs to be verified by further studies.

Gunumuzde insan sagliginda onemli rol oynayan kimyasal ajanlarin mutajenik etkilerinin gozlem altina alinmasini saglayan cesitli test sistemleri gelistirilmistir. Bu sistemlerden biri de Ames testidir. Ames testi ile kimyasallarin mutajenik etkilerinin belirlenmesi icin cesitli mutant bakteriler gelistirilmistir. Bunun icin de Salmonella typhimurium bakterisinin cesitli suslari kullanilmaktadir. Bu calismada Salmonella/mikrozom Ames test kiti ile metabolik aktivasyon varliginda ve yoklugunda, gen mutasyonlarina sebep olan karsinojenik madde olan 2-Aminoflorene karsi antioksidan etkiye sahip Pelargonium sidoides’in muhtemel antimutajenik etkisinin arastirilmasi amaclanmistir. Yontemde Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 ve TA 98 suslari ile calisilmistir. TA 100 baz cifti degisimine, TA 98 ise cerceve kaymasina yol acan mutajenlerin belirlenmesi icin kullanilmistir. Deneyler S9’lu ve S9’suz olmak uzere iki grup halinde gerceklestirilmistir. Test sonuclarinin ortalamasi alinarak, pozitif ve negatif kontrol gruplari ile karsilastirilmis ve degerlendirilmistir. Calismamizda, Pelargonium sidoides’in TA 100 ve TA 98 suslari ile S9 yoklugunda 2-aminofluoren’e karsi antimutajenik aktiviteye sahip oldugu (p≥0.05) S9 varliginda ise antimutajenik aktiviteye sahip olmadigi (p≤0.05) gosterilmistir.