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Purpose: To evaluate retinal vascularization after treatment with single dose intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in infants with agressive posterior premature retinopathy (AP-ROP) Material and Methods: In this study, AP-ROP cases treated with IVB in between 2015-2017 were evaluated retrospectively. These cases were analyzed for birth weeks, birth weights, postgestational weeks at treatment, complete retinal vascularization times, recurrence rates and need for additional treatment. Results: Twenty-one eyes of 11 infants were evaluated. IVB injection was performed in 12 eyes of 6 patients (0.625 mg/0.025 mL) and 9 eyes of 5 patients (0.312 mg/0.012 mL). The mean gestational birth week of these cases was 27.6±2.0 (24-30), the birth weight was 1108±377 (680- 1880) g and the mean post-gestational treatment week was 35.2±2.0 (33-39). Regression of ROP signs and plus disease was observed in all cases after treatment (100%). Additional laser photocoagulation therapy was performed to 4 eyes of 2 infants due to reactivation signs. Full retinal vascularization was achieved in 9 eyes of 5 patients in the follow-up period of these cases. The mean complete retinal vascularization week was 59.4±12.7 (52-82). Conclusion: High levels of regression can be achieved with intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy in AP-ROP cases. Furthermore, full retinal vascularization can be obtained with long-term follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The determination of corneal biomechanical properties in cases of anisometropic amblyopia and comparison of amblyopic eyes and fellow eyes of the same patients. Materials and Methods: The amblyopic and fellow eyes of 30 anisometropic amblyopic patients who were admitted to the eye clinic of Ulucanlar Eye Education and Research Hospital, between the dates of January to June 2014 were included to study. Corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg) and cornea-compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) values were determined by ocular response analyser (ORA, Reichert;USA). Results: The mean CH value was 10.4±1.7 (7.8-14.8) mmHg in healthy eyes and 13.3±3.7 (8.8-22.7) mmHg in amblyopic eyes. The mean CRF value was 9.9±1.6 (6.2-13.4) mmHg in healthy eyes and 10.0±1.5 (6.3-13.2) in amblyopic eyes. The mean IOPcc value was 14.6±3.6 (7.6-22.1) in healthy eyes and 14.5±3.6 (8.8-22.7) in amblyopic eyes. The mean CH value and the mean CRF value were higher (p=0,001, p<0,001 respectively), and the mean IOPcc value was lower (p<0,001) in amblyopic eyes compared with fellow eyes of patients. There were no statistically significant difference between the amblyopic and fellow eyes of patients in the terms of mean IOPg values and mean CCT values (p=0.82, p=0,44 respectively). Conclusion: It was observed that CH and IOPcc values were significantly low in amblyopic eyes compared to fellow eyes of the same patients, whereas CRF values were high. However, there were no significant differences in CCT and IOPg values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate histopathological changes of internal limiting membrane (ILM) in patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM) Materials and Methods: Forty-two eyes of 42 patients who were diagnosed as ERM and enrolled for vitreoretinal surgery were included in this study. Brilliant Blue G (BBG) was used to stain the ILM in all patients. ILM was peeled in all subjects and analyzed by light microscopy (methylene blue-Azur II × 40). ILM samples were then fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution and examined in JEOL-JEM 1400 and 2100F electron microscope and photographed by CCD camera (Gatan Inc., Pleasanton, CA). Results: Remained ERM fragments were observed on 80% of ILM’s. Vacuolization of ILM was observed in a patient with diabetic ERM. There were cells and cellular fragments observed mostly at retinal side of ILM which was likely to be a fragment of Muller cells of retina. Conclusions: Most of the ILM’s had residual ERM tissue and contained cells and cellular fragments at retinal side of ILM’s. ILM peeling might have a role in decreasing ERM recurrence by removal of residual ERM tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess aqueous humour total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentrations in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients treated with panretinal laser photocoagulation (PLP) and untreated with panretinal laser photocoagulation in comparison to non-diabetic cases. Materials and Methods: Aqueous humour samples were collected from patients who had cataract surgery, treated with PLP diagnosed as PDR (n: 16), (Group 1), untreated with PLP diagnosed as PDR (n: 10), (Group 2), and with no diabetes (n: 20), (Group 3). Aqueous humour was obtained at cataract surgery, and the levels of TAC were measuredby the Erel Method. Results: Mean aqueous humour level of TAC was 0.72±0.31 (0.25-1.45) mmol Trolox equivalent/L in Group 1 eyes, 1.1±0.95 (0.5-3.8) mmol Trolox equivalent/L in Group 2 eyes, and 35.3±24.8 (9-101) mmol Trolox equivalent/L in the eyes of the con-trol group with no diabetes (Group 3). Aqueous humour TAC concentrations were significantly lower in the patients with Group 1 and Group 2 in comparison to Group 3 (p=0.001). A significant alteration was not observed between Group 1 and Group 2 patients (p=0.09). Conclusions: Aqueous humour TAC concentrations are decreased in PDR patients treated and untreated with PLP. There is no affirmative effect of PLP on to the TAC concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Comparison of ocular response analyzer parameters in primary open angle glaucoma and exfoliative glaucoma patients" by Emrullah Beyazyıldız and colleagues in a 2014 issue.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of single-dose intravitreal dexamethasone implantation in the treatment of persistent diabetic macular edema (DME) unresponsive to five consecutive ranibizumab injections over a period of 6 months. Material and Methods: Ten patients with a previous history of treatment for DME including at least five montly consecutive intravitreal ranibizumab injections were enrolled in this retrospective study. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and intraocular pressure (IOP) levels were evaluated from baseline to 6th month. Results: Ten eyes of ten patients were included (4 men and 6 women, mean age 55.4 ± 3.7 years) into the study. After the end of the 6th month since the application of intravitreal dexamethasone, CMT and BCVA showed a significant improvement compared to baseline levels. At the baseline, the mean CMT was 423±67.3 µm which improved to 250 ±28.3, 252 ± 31.1 and 261 ±22.2 µm at the 1st, 3rd and 6th month, respectively (p<0.001). The preinjection mean BCVA was 0.13± 0.08 which improved to 0.36 ± 0.14 (p<0.001), 0.34 ± 0.15 (p<0.001), and 0.13±0.08 (p=0.001) at the 1st, 3rd and 6th month, respectively. At the end of the 1st month in 5 patients IOP levels were measured over 21 mmHg but only two patients required an antiglaucomatous treatment and IOP levels were controlled at the end of 6th month. Cataract formation was observed in one patient at the end of 6th month. Conclusion: Intravitreal dexamethasone implantation caused a significant improvement of BCVA and reduction of CMT in the patients with persistent DME that were unresponsive to five consecutive ranibizumab injections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare corneal biomechanical properties changes in normal subjects with aging and evaluate its effect on intraocular pressure (IOP). Material and Methods: Group 1 was composed of 46 eyes of 23 subjects who were under 50 years old and group 2 was composed of 54 eyes of 27 subjects who were equal or above 50 years old. Corneal biomechanical properties were measured with Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA). Corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), corneal compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) and Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg) were obtained from ORA were evaluated as corneal biomechanical properties. Results: Mean CH levels were 10.1±2.1 (3.5-13.1) and 9.1±1.2 (7.6-13.0) mmHg in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. The mean CH levels were significantly lower in Group 2 (p=0.01).The mean CRF levels were 10.5±2.2 (4.8-13.9) and 9.2±1.3 (6.8-12.2) mmHg in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. The mean CRF levels were significantly higher in Group 1 (subjects below 50 years old) (p=0.004). Mean IOPg levels were 16.6 ±4.1 (9-25.9) mmHg in Group 1 and 15.2 ±3.1 (8.8-20.4) mmHg in Group 2 and mean IOPcc levels were 17.3±4.2 (12-25.5) mmHg in Group 1 and 17±3.1 (11.5-22.6) mmHg in Group 2. The mean IOPcc and IOPg levels were not significantly different between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: According to our results corneal biomechanical properties were changed with aging process and IOP measurements were also affected by corneal biomechanical properties related to aging process and IOP values obtained from GAT were lower than IOP values of ORA results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to assess clinical outcomes of 23-gauge vitrectomy and silicone oil (SO) tamponade combined with and without phacoemulsification (PE) in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). The study included forty eyes of 40 patients that underwent 23-gauge vitrectomy and SO tamponade combined with and without PE. Twenty eyes of 20 cases, of whom underwent 23-gauge vitrectomy and SO tamponade combined with PE were allocated to the group 1. Likewise, 20 eyes of 20 cases that underwent 23-gauge vitrectomy and SO tamponade alone were allocated to the group 2. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between two groups was compared. There was no significant difference in BCVA between the two groups during the 6 months (P = 0.3). Recurrent retinal detachments were observed in 2 cases (10%) in both groups. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups as a point of recurrent retinal detachments (P = 1). We have found higher rates of post-vitrectomy cataract progression (45%) in the eyes with RRD who underwent 23-gauge vitrectomy and SO tamponade. Combined vitrectomy and PE is safe and effective for the patients with RRD.