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This study investigated expired dairy product (EDP) removals in a two-stage system in anaerobic batch reactors co-digested with synthetic domestic wastewater (SDW) to evaluate H 2 and CH 4 production. Acidogenesis was performed in anaerobic batch reactors with 10%, 15%, and 20% EDP (v/v) mixed with SDW, and the effluents were the substrate for methanogenic reactors. During acidogenesis, reactors with 10%, 15%, and 20% EDP achieved 86.8%, 90.1%, and 92.3% carbohydrate removal, producing 1.5, 1.9, and 1.7 mol H₂ per mol carbohydrate removed, respectively. Paraclostridium was the dominant genus (55.7–82.7%) involved in hydrogen, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and alcohol generation. Methanogenesis assays with 10% and 15% EDP achieved high methane yields (323.0 and 225.1 mL CH₄ gVSadd⁻1) and COD removals (91.8% and 94.7%), while 20% EDPs led to inhibition due to VFA accumulation. Methanosaeta was prevalent in high-yield reactors, correlating with effective COD removal. This study highlights the potential for EDP recovery through biogas production. [Display omitted] • Effective co-digestion was achieved with 15% expired dairy products and 85% synthetic domestic wastewater. • Satisfactory carbohydrate removal (86.8–92.3%) was obtained for all assays. • High methane yields (259.2–323.0 mL CH₄ gVSadd⁻1) and COD removals (91.8%–94.7%) were achieved. • Inhibition was observed at higher substrate concentrations due to volatile fatty acid accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different technologies have been employed for hydrogen sulfide removal from sour gases, whether natural gas, biogas, or other gases, based on market requirements and environmental regulations. Several biological desulfurization technologies have been established for sulfur recovery such as Thiopaq technology. It is considered an ecological, and environmentally sustainable solution that has been studied, developed and commercialized since the end of the past century in different industries especially for biogas desulfurization. In addition, the process offers a decarbonation simultaneously with sulfur recovery. The current work reviews Thiopaq from different aspects that correlate all the technology pillars such as microorganisms, the valuable biosulfur, technology economics, the main operating parameters in addition to a brief description of the sections presented with chemistry of main and side reactions and the technology advantages and disadvantages. Future work should consider deeper research of the viability of technology for decarbonation. In addition, employing mathematical modeling and computation fluid dynamics are crucial for better understanding of bioreactors, the cornerstone of biological desulfurization, in terms of aeration and redox control. Other recommendations are presented. [Display omitted] • Thiopaq can play a dual role in sulfur recovery and carbon dioxide capture. • Redox control in Thiopaq bioreactor is crucial for overall efficiency. • Biosulfur quality and quantity is greatly affected by operating parameters. • Thiopaq Economic feasibility is challenging in high sulfur load capacities compared to other sulfur recovery technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics (MPs) are persistent, globally relevant pollutants that have thus far been rigorously studied in natural waters but have not been as extensively studied in industrial wastewaters. Samples were collected from the forestry industry, wastewater treatment plants and the biogas industry. An enzymatic treatment protocol for MPs' detection was applied to an assortment of industrial samples ranging from wastewaters, effluents and condensates to sludges and digestates. The effects of selected enzymes were studied systematically to develop a basis for digestion protocols on industrial samples. Further, different methods of detection (micro FTIR and Raman) were compared to each other, and the samples were visually examined using SEM. The developed protocols in this study were then compared with blank samples, contamination controls and samples spiked with artificial microplastics. This research aimed to fill some of the gap in the knowledge regarding the analysis methods and especially in the type of samples screened for microplastics thus far and presents a systematic approach to MPs' detection in industrial wastewaters. It highlights the issues with the used analytical methods (such as misidentification) and validates the analysis results with milled, random shape and wide-size-range reference MPs that represent real samples better than standardized, ideal round beads. This study provides the first-ever suggestion for an enzymatic digestion protocol for industrial sample analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Researchers at Virginia Tech are using microorganisms to convert food waste into a biodegradable polymer called polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), which can be used to make home-compostable products. The project aims to address food waste and plastic pollution by turning waste into a valuable resource. The researchers have received a $2.4 million grant from the US Department of Agriculture to test the scalability and feasibility of their idea. Similarly, researchers at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore have found ways to extract valuable products from food waste, such as making lactic acid from jackfruit seeds and extracting useful proteins from brewers' spent grain and phytochemicals from kale leaves. These findings have the potential to reduce waste and create sustainable resources. Additionally, Norwegian research organization SINTEF has developed a heating and cooling system that uses phase change materials made from discarded cooking oil. [Extracted from the article]

The study assesses the potential of renewable energy sources in Kyrgyzstan and explores their application to provide energy to rural consumers. This study used an approximation of the parabolic function of solar radiation change, statistical processing of data on the average annual water flow of small rivers, as well as calculation of the volume of manure produced and its processing into biogas and bio fertilisers to assess their potential in agriculture and environmental impact. Kyrgyzstan, located between 40 and 68° north latitude, has evenly distributed solar radiation, small rivers and biomass, which have significant renewable resources. The distribution of solar radiation on the territory corresponds to the normal law of the monthly average mathematical expectation of 175.79 kWh/(m2∗month) and a standard deviation of 92.44 kWh/(m2∗month). On average, each square metre of a solar power plant can produce 0.451 kWh of energy. The intervals of average water discharge between the small rivers of Kyrgyzstan follow a power law distribution with a mathematical expectation of 3.112 m3/s and a standard deviation of 2.46 m3/s. With a natural water flow rate of 0.652 m3/s, a low-pressure micro-hydroelectric power plant (with a water head of 1 to 2 m) can generate up to 8.95 kW of power. The total consumption of biogas by an average farm in Kyrgyzstan and its consumption for heating raw materials in a bioreactor during the cold season ranges from 16.34 to 18.93 kg/hour. This demand for biogas is met by producing domestic feedstock (animal manure) using compact biogas plants with reactors of up to 20 m3. These facts indicate that the use of the above-mentioned renewable energy sources in Kyrgyzstan can provide autonomous power supply to remote rural consumers and contribute to solving existing environmental problems, as well as energy-saving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioenergy derived from anaerobic digestion has gained attention for a decade because of its ability to convert waste into biogas. The advantages of this biotechnology could substitute conventional energy, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and produce less biodegradable waste. This study focused on methane production from ensiled Napier grass (Pak Chong 1) by co-digestion with anaerobic mixed cultures of an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) from a bakery factory. The ratio of co-digestion between ensiled Napier grass feedstock and inoculum (F/I ratio) was 1:1 and 1:3 based on volatile solids (VS). The potential of methane production was evaluated using a batch experiment for 30 days in the laboratory at room temperature (32-35 ± 5 °C). To enhance biogas production, an alkaline pre-treatment of Napier grass was prepared by adding 1% NaOH. The results demonstrated that the methane production potential of the F/I ratio at 1:1 and 1:3 was 311.11 ± 29 and 255.56 ± 91 mL CH4/g COD, respectively. The maximum energy production based on methane production was approximately 9.17 kJ/L. The range of pH was 6.96 ± 0.2 to 9.93 ± 0.2 and the percentage of SS, TS, and COD removal were 60.10, 24.69, and 48.63, respectively. The results of this study indicated that the feedstock and inoculum ratio (F/I) including pretreatment of feedstock and inoculum is necessary for biogas potential production. The potential biogas production of the CSTR reactor and its economic feasibility should be further considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, a comparison of the dry reforming of a gas mixture containing methane, carbon dioxide and nitrogen without contaminants to a ruthenium-based Ru/Al2O3 catalyst was carried out in a microreactor for the first time. The influence of the contact time, temperature and composition of the feed on the conversion was exhaustively investigated. The optimal operating conditions were found to be a contact time of 80 milliseconds, a temperature of 700 °C and a CH4:CO2 ratio of 1. The assessment of diffusional limitations reveals that there is no resistance to mass transfer, which reveals the potential benefit of the determination of intrinsic reaction kinetics within a microreactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Few valorization pathways have been implemented as alternatives to reduce the orange peel waste (OPW) disposal in landfills. OPW can be a source of income or economic savings in juice production factories since this waste is a potential source of value-added products (e.g., bioactive compounds) and energy vectors (e.g., biogas). Valorization alternatives should be based on (i) orange peel chemical composition, (ii) market analysis, and (iii) availability. Nevertheless, few literature papers have highlighted the chemical composition change caused by the different juice production schemes as a potential opportunity to obtain different value-added products and biorefinery schemes. Thus, the aims of this review paper are related to (i) reviewing different orange fruit processing pathways, (ii) analyzing several OPW chemical compositions reported in the open literature, (iii) providing a summary of OPW extraction pathways for bioactive compounds production, and (iv) evaluating the effect of applying different extraction methods on bioactive compound extraction performance. This review includes a description of the OPW matrix, market insights, packaging, physicochemical characterization, processing technologies, and suggested biorefinery approaches. Finally, different extraction methods for obtaining bioactive compounds from OPW are compared. As a result, the supercritical fluid extraction process has the highest extraction performance and selectivity since this method extracted a high amount of hesperidin (8.18 g/kg OPW db.). In conclusion, OPW is a source of bioactive compounds and valuable products that can be introduced in juice-producing factories to increase product portfolio or economic savings by changing the energy matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Neue Politische Literatur is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The fish processing industry generates large volumes of wastewater, which are generally treated in lagoons, generating bad odors and emitting polluting gases into the atmosphere. According to their organic matter content, these can be treated in anaerobic reactors with a microalgae coupling for the bioremediation of the effluent, due to their high N, P and CO2 removal capacity. Objective: To determine the potential of fish processing wastewater from the fishing industry in Sancti Spíritus for biogas and microalgae production. Materials and Methods: The physicochemical characteristics of the wastewater are taken as a starting point and mass balances are performed using indexes from the literature to determine the volumes of biogas and the amount of biomass harvested from the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. Results and Discussion: The analyzed waters represent a potential for obtaining biogas and for the development of microalgae cultures as a promising alternative to improve process performance, which allows obtaining energy and high value-added products. Conclusions: The wastewater from the Pescaspir fishing company produces 21.8 m³ of biogas per day and 0.58 kg/d of dry microalgal biomass, so the proposed treatment system allows the generation of renewable energy, the production of biomass, obtaining a purified effluent and reducing the environmental impact on natural aquatic systems, in addition to other possible technological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: An opportunity for the local development of Placetas, a municipality in the central region of Cuba, is the use of biogas generated from the swine waste from its Genetic Center as an energy alternative for the drying of different materials available in the area. Objective: To present a technological proposal for a multipurpose dryer for grains, tubers, protein plants and organic fertilizer, using biogas generated from swine waste as an energy source. Materials and Methods: The physicochemical parameters of the streams involved were identified, appropriate technologies were selected, process demands were estimated, and a rotary dryer was designed using the high-temperature method. Results and Discussion: A direct drying scheme was selected in a rotary equipment, ensuring ease in the handling of non-adherent granular solids and using mixtures of air and gases from biogas combustion as an energetic alternative. The technological proposal allows the treatment of 300 kg/h of wet material. It satisfies the drying service provided to productive forms of the area and their own productive needs. For tubers and protein plants, according to their initial humidity, a semi-continuous drying scheme was proposed with two passes and a hopper for storage and recycling of the material. The rotary dryer requires 0.7 m in diameter and 3.0 m in length. Conclusions: The developed proposal satisfies the productive demands with safety, energy efficiency, productivity and sustainability, contributing to the reduction of environmental impact and to the increase of the technical-economic effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic changes in the energy sector towards the priority of renewable energy are stimulated by the political decisions in the European integrated environment aimed at achieving climate neutrality within the framework of the European Green Deal. The study aims to provide an in-depth investigation of the potential of landfills and solid waste sites for energy production in Ukraine. The study was conducted using general scientific methods, in particular, analysis and synthesis, abstraction, and comparison. The study examined the issues of developing the bioenergy potential of solid waste sites in Ukraine, including organisational, regulatory, technological, financial and investment aspects. The position of various operations for bioenergy waste processing in the solid waste management system, in particular, anaerobic digestion and solid fuel production, was identified, and an analysis of several thermal waste processing technologies was carried out. Among the features and characteristic requirements for the biogas production process using anaerobic methodology, the aspects of technological availability and economic feasibility are highlighted. The study examines the experience of production and use of organic Refuse Derived Fuel and Solid Recovered Fuel produced from solid waste sites, proving the need to optimise the regulatory support for biogas production at solid waste sites storage sites in the national legislative field. The article emphasises the possibility of practical use of Refuse Derived Fuel and Solid Recovered Fuel, in a partial format, to offset the shortage of fossil fuels in Ukraine and actively implement the concept of a sustainable green course for rational waste management. The results obtained can be used to improve the optimisation of strategic programmes for solid waste management in terms of their bioenergy potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Energy self-sufficiency of a municipal company in a circular economy refers to the ability of the company to meet its own energy needs through the use of renewable energy sources and efficient energy technologies. The closed loop economy, also known as the circular economy, is about minimising waste by maximising the use and reprocessing of raw materials and energy. Design/methodology/approach: The paper provides a detailed analysis of the energy self-sufficiency of Przedsiębiorstwo Wodociągów i Kanalizacji sp. z o.o. based in Rybnik, in the production of heat and electricity from biogas produced at a sewage treatment plant. Findings: Collected over the period 2013-2022, the data of the analysed company allows us to conclude that in the process of wastewater treatment, the biogas burned for the needs of the wastewater treatment plant in Rybnik-Orzepowice makes it self-sufficient in terms of thermal needs. In turn, the production of electricity from cogeneration covers 43% of the electricity demand. A deeper analysis of the amount of biogas produced showed the need to build a new generator to produce electricity, which will result in the analysed company being self-sufficient in energy. Biogas plants at municipal wastewater treatment plants bring many environmental and economic benefits, such as: - Reducing greenhouse gas emissions by avoiding the release of methane into the atmosphere and replacing fossil fuels with biogas. - Saving the cost of operating the treatment plant by reducing the consumption of grid electricity and heat and fossil fuels, and reducing the amount of waste to be landfilled or disposed of. Originality/value: Energy self-sufficiency for a municipal company not only contributes to environmental protection by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but can also result in financial savings by reducing the cost of purchasing energy from external sources. Furthermore, these actions can set an example for other businesses and communities, encouraging them to make similar investments in renewable energy and efficient energy technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dye-containing effluent generated in textile industries is polluting and complex wastewater. It should be managed adequately before its final destination. The up-flow anaerobic blanket (UASB) reactor application is an ecofriendly and cost-competitive treatment. The present study briefly reviews the UASB application for dye-containing wastewater valorization. Bioenergy and clean-water production potential during dye-containing wastewater treatment are emphasized to promote resource recovery in textile industries. Hydraulic retention time (HRT), organic loading rate (OLR), pH, temperature, and hydraulic mixing influence sludge granulation, microbial activity, and dye removal. HRT and OLR ranges of 6–24 h and 1–12 kg m−3 d−1 of chemical oxygen demand (COD) at a mesophilic temperature (30–40 °C) are recommended for efficient treatment. In these conditions, efficiencies of color and COD of 50–97% and 60–90% are reported in bench-scale UASB studies. Complex dye structures can hinder biomineralization. Pretreatment may be necessary to reduce dye concentration. Carbon-source and redox mediators are added to the UASB reactor to expedite kinetic reactions. A biogas yield of 1.48–2.70 L d−1 in UASB, which treats dye-containing effluents, is documented. Cotreatment of dye wastewater and locally available substrate could increase biogas productivity in UASB reactors. Organic waste generated in the textile industry, such as dye sludge, cotton, and starch, is recommended to make cotreatment cost competitive. Bioenergy production and water reuse allow environmental and economic benefits. Studies on combined systems integrating UASB and membrane processes, such as ultrafiltration and nanofiltration, for the production of reusable water and pretreatment of wastewater and sludge for improvements in biogas production might realize the complete potential for resource recovery of UASB technology. UASB bioenergy usage for integrated treatment trains can reduce operating costs and assist process sustainability in the textile industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the adjustment of the Chinese agricultural industry and to better promote the development of Chinese household biogas, this article summarizes and analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of the type and number of biogas digesters, biogas production, biogas fermentation materials, and methods of fermentation residue utilization and ecological agriculture with household biogas by compiling a dataset covering 31 provincial administrative regions in China. The results show that hydraulic biogas digesters are distributed mainly in northwestern and northeastern China; in addition, continuously stirred biogas digesters and bottom-discharging biogas digesters are distributed mainly in southern and northern China, respectively. Because of temperature and population, the Sichuan and Henan Provinces have the highest number of biogas digesters and biogas production. The type of biogas fermentation materials depends on the local raw materials. Biogas slurry and residue are widely used as fertilizers; furthermore, biogas slurry is used for seed soaking in northeastern and southern China, and biogas residue is used as feed in central southern and northern China. The "Three-in-one" and "Four-in-one" biogas ecological models are used mostly in southern and northern China, respectively, and both are mainly affected by temperature. Finally, we propose various problems and countermeasures to enhance the development of the household biogas industry in China. Our findings are critical for China's policymakers to adopt effective measures for promoting the development of cleaner energy and the layout of the agricultural industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biogas production from organic waste is a promising renewable energy source, but achieving optimal production and digester stability can be challenging. This study investigated the impact of the Evogen microbial additive on biogas production and digester status in two biogas plants (BG01 and BG02). Microbial abundance and physicochemical parameters were analyzed to assess the effects. The results show distinct microbial community shifts in Evogen-treated digesters, with increased abundance of methanogenic archaea and hydrolytic bacteria, indicating improved anaerobic digestion. Evogen supplementation positively influenced digester performance, as evidenced by higher alkalinity buffer capacity (FOS/TAC ratios), indicating enhanced acidification and methanogenesis, along with reductions in total solids and volatile solids, demonstrating improved organic matter degradation. Evogen-treated digesters exhibited significantly higher biogas production and improved process stability, as indicated by volatile fatty acids (VFAs) profiling. The dominance of Firmicutes, Synergistetes, Proteolytic Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria highlighted their roles in substrate degradation and VFA production. The findings contribute to optimizing biogas production systems and understanding complex microbial interactions within anaerobic digesters. The addition of Evogen influenced microbial community composition and dynamics, potentially altering substrate utilization, metabolic interactions and overall community structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biogas is a promising renewable technology to alleviate energy poverty. Pakistan has a capacity of 5 million bio digesters that can be installed in different farming areas. However, this target has never been achieved because many barriers hamper the biogas industry development. In previous studies, some researchers have indicated these barriers in different geographical contexts: however, these barriers are rarely examined in Pakistan. To fulfill the research gap, this study prioritizes potential barriers. Using a literature review and a modified Delphi technique, we identify 25 sub-barriers and catalog them into 5 main categories. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) prioritizes the main barriers and sub-barriers based on potential. Grey Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (G-TOPSIS) ranks the practical alternatives to combat these barriers. The study findings specify that the "financial barrier" is the top-ranked barrier among the main categories, followed by technical, socio-cultural, institutional and administrative, and environmental barriers. The overall ranking shows that the "high starting price tag" is ranked first among all sub-barriers in all categories. It has been proposed that "appropriate financial incentives" and "promotion of customized technology" would be feasible alternative solutions to combat the issues. Based on the research findings, some policy recommendations were suggested for biogas uptake in Pakistan. This study may assist policymakers, stakeholders, and government institutions in accelerating the potential of biogas energy to alleviate energy poverty in rural areas of Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generation of the cooking gas in from the natural resources are available in the market from quiet a long time. But the major problem with these are it chambers are get damaged easily due to low quality material and to construction of which usually requires skilled labor intense and high-quality materials. To address these problems in the present work a balloon type biogas has been designed and developed which is cheap, weather resistance, and thermophilic (i.e it can operate in temperature as high as (50°-55°), which helps in digest the bacteria mesophilic bacteria range (40°-50°), it generates the gas. The main objective is to improve the biogas efficiency by using scrubber to remove H2S, CO2, and H2O and it used for household. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fresh sea cucumber was processed at low temperature (60 °C and 80 °C) for different times (0 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h). Combined with simulatior in vitro digestion and everted-rat-gut-sac model, the changes of protein in the body wall of sea cucumber (SCBWs), including oxidation rule, aggregation degree, sur- face hydrophobicity, etc, were studied. The results showed that during the whole process of heat processing, the carbonyl content increased gradually, the free sulfhydryl content decreased gradually, and the degree of protein oxi- dation showed a sequential increase. With the intensification of the degree of heat processing (underworking-moder- ate-excessive heat processing), the protein aggregation degree first decreased, then increased and then decreased, the surface hydrophobicity first increased and then decreased and then increased, and the mean protein particle size first increased and then decreased. After simulation in vitro digestion and everted-rat-gut-sac model, the degree of protein hydrolysis, in vitro digestibility and peptide transport levels were firstly increased, then decreased and then increased with the intensification of heat processing degree. In conclusion, the in vitro digestibility of SCBWs protein was the highest and the absorption characteristics were better when it was heat processed at 60 °C for 3 h. The digestion and absorption characteristics of SCBWs protein were improved when the thermal treatment time was more than 6 h at 80 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The excessive biogas slurry produced by anaerobic fermentation seriously constrains the sustainable development of the biogas industry. It is significantly important to realize the resource utilization of biogas slurry. However, biogas slurry contains abundant weak electrolytes of bicarbonate (HCO3−), leading to the negative influence of low conductivity, fouling, and scaling on electrodialysis for nutrient recovery. The synchronous metathesis method was first proposed to prepare humic acid-based nanosized calcium carbonate (HA-NCC) using CaCl2, CaO, and NaOH reacted with HCO3− and HA in biogas slurry to resolve weak electrolyte problems. HA-NCC was decolored to obtain white NCC by a bleaching method and one-step burning method. The NCC whiteness reached 90.4% through a simple one-step burning method at 700 °C for 2 h, which is superior to the bleaching method. The white NCC was needle-like, rod-like, and spindle-like with preferable dispersion properties and a particle size between nanometer and micrometer. However, the particle size of white NCC was smaller compared to commercial NCC. The NCC was calcite and further confirmed the composition of CaCO3 by XRF. The results are beneficial for the development of high-end NCC products to realize the high-value utilization of biogas slurry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The degradation of lignocellulose in biogas processes has been focused on the inoculant microorganisms involved, with a view to gaining a deeper understanding in order to improve lignocellulose degradation. The maximum volumetric biogas yield (12.17 L/L) was achieved with the inoculum used in experiment "B", containing 400 g of digestate from the bioreactor along with 400 g of rumen fluid. The highest concentration of methane in biogas was obtained from the same inoculum composition (63.2 ± 1.5%). The second largest volumetric yield of 8.41 ± 0.45 L/L biogas was achieved in experiment "C," where digestates were used as the main inoculum. Accordingly, in this case, the volumetric yield of biogas was 8.41 ± 0.45 L/L. The composition of rumen fluid and digestate increased biogas production from the same amount of alfalfa leaves by 30.9%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to investigate the biogas production and circular economy perspective in the palm oil industry through codigestion of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) pressing wastewater and palm oil mill effluent (POME). The EFB pressing method constitutes an alternative new technology used to extract the remaining oil, increasing palm oil product; however, it produces highly polluted wastewater. Batch experiments were carried out at 35 °C to investigate the optimal ratios of EFB wastewater, inoculums, and POME. The optimal condition was 45% POME + 50% seed + 5% EFB wastewater. This condition was then used in semicontinuous fermentation where the optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) totaled 25 days. The accumulated biogas was 18,679 mL/L while the accumulated methane totaled 6778 mL/L. The methane content was 62%, and the COD removal efficiency was 67%. The sludge produced from the HRT 25-days digester complied with the organic compost standard which could be further used to nourish the soil. An economic analysis of the EFB pressing project revealed a higher internal rate ratio with shorter payback compared with the conventional process. These results provide information on the circular economic approach to promote sustainable palm oil processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digester temperature, the type and composition of material fed into the digester are key requirements for every productive biogas plant, thus their optimization is essential for biogas recovery and sustainability. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of ground insulation and feedstock on performance of fixed dome biogas digester. To achieve this 32-liter fixed dome biogas digester was developed, fed with three feedstocks namely cow abdominal waste (CAW), poultry droppings (PD) and 1:1 mixture of cow abdominal waste and poultry droppings (1:1CAW&PD) and buried underground for insulation before anaerobic digestion process at 30 days hydraulic retention time. The ANOVA result showed that there were significant differences in the slurry temperature, volume of biogas produced and slurry pH respectively at 5% significant levels The TS, VS, protein contents, crude fat, BOD5, C, COD, P, K, TVC and Calorific Value of ground insulated digester were higher than that of uninsulated surface digesters for the three different feedstocks at the end of the 30 Days digestion. GC analysis of biogas showed that the percentage compositions of methane produced were 68.39%, 64.33%, 66.41%, 61.79%, 57.74%, and 59.24% for underground with CAW, underground with PD, underground with 1:1CAW&PD, uninsulated with CAW, uninsulated with PD, and uninsulated with 1:1CAW&PD, respectively. The underground insulated biogas digester produced more methane than their counterpart uninsulated digesters containing the same feedstock signifying the importance of temperature regulation through insulation. In terms of the feedstock, the CAW performed better than the PD in both the underground and uninsulated digesters. They mixture of 1:1CAW&PD also showed better performance in methane production than the single anaerobic digestion of poultry dropping alone indicating efficiency and importance of co-digestion of feedstocks. The study has shown that underground insulation of the fixed dome biogas digesters improved biogas production. We therefore recommend its application by the biogas industry because is cost-effective and will help to reduce the effects of economic barriers to investment in biogas systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The latest research progress on separation technology (density separation, elutriation and oil extraction), digestion technology (acid digestion, alkali digestion, oxidation digestion, enzyme digestion and UTS method) and detection technology(visual inspection, spectroscopic analysis and thermal analysis) of microplastics are systematically introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages are compared and analyzed ・ However, the selection of different separation, digestion and detection technologies will lead to differences in the abundance, chemical information and morphology of microplastics・ It is difficult to compare different research results, which affects the research on the environmental behavior, pollution status and temporal and spatial distribution of microplastics・ Therefore, it is proposed that a unified and standardized microplastics pre treatment and detection technology should be established in the future ・ And more attention should be paid to the combined application of image analysis and traditional detection methods・ Meanwhile, machine learning will provide a faster and more accurate detection and classification technology for the research of microplastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bio-slurry is an organic fertilizer produced from the decomposition of organic waste or residues in anaerobic digestion. It is applicable for improving vegetable production as it contains necessary nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) for plant growth and organic matter that improves soil structure and water-holding capacity. About 29,000 biodigesters have been installed across Cambodia using animal waste to produce biogas, so huge quantities of bio-slurry are produced. Therefore, this study aimed (1) to assess the conditions of bio-slurry application in crop production in rural areas, (2) to determine NPK content in the bio-slurry, and (3) to estimate annual bio-slurry production and NPK production from biodigesters. The research was conducted between April and September 2022 by selecting 30 farming households that have biodigesters and use bio-slurry for crop cultivation in Prey Chhor District, Kampong Cham Province. It was found that 70% of the farmers used bio-slurry for rice cultivation and 16.7% for backyard vegetables, basically before planting. The nutrient content of slurry produced from cow manure consists of 0.20% N, 0.22% P, and 0.44% K. Most farmers preferred to use solid slurry for rice cultivation and liquid slurry for vegetables such as chili peppers, sweet peppers, eggplant, spinach, mustard greens, and cucumbers. However, bio-slurry was commonly mixed with chemical fertilizer in the crop growth stage. Farmers are willing to use both slurry and chemical fertilizers as this helps the plants to grow well and have higher yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioenergy recovery from biomass by-products is a promising approach for the circular bioeconomy transition. However, the management of agri-food by-products in stand-alone treatment facilities is a challenge for the low-capacity food processing industry. In this study, the techno-economic assessment of a small-scale anaerobic digestion process was evaluated for the management of jabuticaba by-product and the production of biomethane, electricity, heat, and fertilizer. The process was simulated for a treatment capacity of 782.2 m3 y−1 jabuticaba peel, considering the experimental methane production of 42.31 L CH4 kg−1 TVS. The results of the scaled-up simulated process demonstrated the production of biomethane (13,960.17 m3 y−1), electricity (61.76 MWh y−1), heat (197.62 GJ y−1), and fertilizer (211.47 t y−1). Economic analysis revealed that the process for biomethane recovery from biogas is not profitable, with a net margin of −19.58% and an internal rate of return of −1.77%. However, biogas application in a heat and power unit can improve project feasibility, with a net margin of 33.03%, an internal rate of return of 13.14%, and a payback of 5.03 years. In conclusion, the application of small-scale anaerobic digestion can prevent the wrongful open-air disposal of jabuticaba by-products, with the generation of renewable energy and biofertilizer supporting the green economy toward the transition to a circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the case of explosive technology, if there is a technological situation that has a fundamental impact on safety, there may be several possible solutions. This paper investigates this question at a biogas technology system of a wastewater treatment plant. The hazardous area classification of the plants in the exemplary wastewater treatment plant, based on the Decree 3/2009 (II.4.) of Ministry of Local Government on Technical Requirements for the Fire Protection of Installations using Renewable Energy Sources - Biogas, Bioethanol, Biodiesel and the MSZ EN IEC 60079-10-1:2021 Explosive atmospheres. Part 10-1: Classification of areas. Explosive gas atmospheres (IEC 60079-10-1:2020)" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the decision of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) related to section 3 of Umsatzsteuergesetz (UStG), German Value Added Tax Act. It mentions sales taxation of the heat output from a biogas plant and allocation of heat. It also mentions external audit by the tax office for large and group audits the examiner assumed that the levy of the heat to a free value transfer and external audit by the tax office for large and group audits.

The article focuses on the decision of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) related to section 3 of Umsatzsteuergesetz (UStG), German Value Added Tax Act. It mentions sales taxation of the heat output from a biogas plant and allocation of heat from the combined heat and power plant of a electricity suppliers to an agricultural company for heating of asparagus fields. It also mentions recipient who uses the heat for purposes that entitle him to input tax deduction.

Copyright of Umsatzsteuer-Rundschau is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explained the definition and attribute of municipal sludge in Beijing, analyzed the production and discharge characteristics and studied the development course of disposal and utilization of municipal sludge in Beijing. The results show that the development of Beijing municipal sludge disposal and utilization mainly includes three stages, the first stage before 1999, started sludge drying and stumping fertilizer; the second stage from 1999 to 2012,the slow development stage of disposal and utilization, the demonstration plant of sludge treatment was established, using various drying technologies and incineration treatment modes; the third stage is from 2012 to now, the sludge treatment technology in the central district of city is the advanced anaerobic digestion of thermal hydrolysis, and the disposal mode is mainly land use, forming a typical Gao Antun sludge treatment mode. On the basis of the current situation of municipal sludge treatment in Beijing, this paper summarizes relevant policies and technical standards of sludge treatment in Beijing, and introduces the new progress of low-carbon and green transformation of municipal sludge disposal in Beijing which provides certain reference and reference for the treatment and disposal of municipal sludge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper computes and analyses some relevant indicators of economic performance of Italian farms producing/not producing renewable energy, and compares the economic results of the two set of farms. The source of data is the European Farm Accountant Data Network; the farms belonging to this network are analysed in relation to their structural differences, type of farming, geographical areas, economic size, as well as the type of renewable energy produced. After an in-depth statistical investigation, the main economic ratios are computed and analysed using also multivariate regression models, with a special focus on the production of solar and biogas energy. In terms of land and labour productivity and fixed factor remuneration, the results show that farms producing renewable energy perform better than the other farms. This positive effect is particularly accentuated in large companies that produce biogas, followed by farms that produce solar energy. There are still many obstacles that limit the production of renewable energy in agriculture; among these, still insufficient research and information on best practices in agriculture and, in Italy, the complexity and dispersion of the institutional legislative framework and of the public support systems. However, the need to increase the production of renewable energy has become a priority for many European countries both in the short- and in the medium term, especially in light of recent events related to the war in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Energy Policy Journal / Polityka Energetyczna is the property of Mineral & Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aggravation of climate change in recent years has intensified the search for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and the insertion of renewable alternatives in the energy matrix at Brazilian and global level. Geo Biogas & Tech emerged in this scenario in 2007, bringing German efficient gas generation technology to biogas production in Brazil. The company is a pioneer in the services it offers and a leader in the development of this chain in the country, by transforming organic waste into clean electricity and fuels. The increased demand for sustainability added to the enormous potential of Brazilian agribusiness, offers new opportunities and challenges for Geo, in terms of growth and consolidation in the market. Thus, the case is intended for undergraduate students and professionals in the sector who seek to develop business evolution strategies in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-alcohol distillery waste is an environmental pollutant, which determined the relevance of its disposal. One of the ways to utilise post-alcohol distillery waste is through its anaerobic methane destruction in biogas plants. The research aims to determine the optimal amount of post-alcohol distillery wastes to be added to the substrate to achieve maximum biomethane yield. The research was conducted on a laboratory biogas plant consisting of a 30-litre digester and a gas holder in a mesophilic mode at a substrate temperature of 40°C with a periodic substrate loading mode. It was found that the highest biogas yield of 5.369 l/(h·kg DOM) was obtained by anaerobic methane mono-degradation of post-alcohol distillery waste. However, the methane content in the biogas is in the range of 48-52%. During the anaerobic methane destruction of a mixture of post-alcohol distillery waste with cow manure, the methane content in biogas increases to 70-76%, but the biogas yield is lower and is 4.577 l/(h·kg DOM) at 36% post-alcohol distillery waste content in the substrate, 3.294 l/(h·kg DOM) at 27%, 2.960 l/(h·kg DOM) at 18%, 1.538 l/(h·kg DOM) at 9%. The optimum content of post-alcohol distillery waste in the substrate, at which the biomethane yield will be maximum (3.821 l/(h·kg DOM)), is 46.7% of the substrate content and 100% of the organic part of the substrate. The results of this study can be used in planning the composition of the substrate of biogas plants and designing and building new biogas plants near distilleries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to analyse and evaluate the compatibility of the development of agricultural biogas plants with Poland's environmental policy, particularly with regard to the promotion of RES use locally. Design/methodology/approach: The article focuses on a selected issue in the field of organization and shaping sustainable development policy. Inductive and deductive reasoning, descriptive and monographic methods were used to process the collected data. The research methodology was based on statistical measures of structure and change over time. Findings: The development of biogas plants in Poland is in line with the country's environmental policy, which focuses on increasing the share of renewable energy sources in electricity and heat production and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Practical implications: The presented study can help economic entities to make effective decisions regarding environmental protection and development of RES. Social implications: The analysis presented can help in the process of identifying the benefits of the development of agricultural biogas plants, not only for the environment, but also as an element stimulating economic development on a local and regional level. Originality/value: The presented study is a new concept for the interpretation of Poland's environmental policy in the context of supporting the development of renewable energy sources (RES) from the perspective of sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every year, several million tonnes of anaerobic digestate are produced worldwide as a by‐product of the biogas industry, most of which is applied as agricultural fertilizer. However, in the context of a circular bioeconomy, more sustainable uses of residual digestate biomass would be desirable. This study investigates the fate of the sterol lipids β‐sitosterol and cholesterol from the feedstocks to the final digestates of three agricultural and one biowaste biogas plants to assess if sterols are degraded during anaerobic digestion or if they remain in the digestate, which could provide a novel opportunity for digestate cascade valorization. Gas chromatographic analyses showed that feedstock sterols were not degraded during anaerobic digestion, resulting in their accumulation in the digestates to up to 0.15% of the dry weight. The highest concentrations of around 1440 mg β‐sitosterol and 185 mg cholesterol per kg dry weight were found in liquid digestate fractions, suggesting partial sterol solubilization. Methanogenic batch cultures spiked with β‐sitosterol, cholesterol, testosterone and β‐oestradiol confirmed that steroids persist during anaerobic digestion. Mycobacterium neoaurum was able to transform digestate sterols quantitatively into androstadienedione, a platform chemical for steroid hormones, without prior sterol extraction or purification. These results suggest that digestate from agricultural and municipal biowaste is an untapped resource for natural sterols for biotechnological applications, providing a new strategy for digestate cascade valorization beyond land application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]