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6. Estimating above ground net biomass change in tropical and subtropical forests: refinement of IPCC default values using forest plot data

Author

Requena Suarez, Daniela, Rozendaal, Danaë M. A., De Sy, Véronique, Phillips, Oliver L., Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Baker, Timothy R., Bongers, Tom, Brienen, Roel Jacobus Wilhelmus, Carter, Sarah, Cook-patton, Susan, Feldpausch, Ted R., Griscom, Bronson, Harris, Nancy, Herault, Bruno, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Leavitt, Sara M., Lewis, Simon L., Marimom, Beatriz S., Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Kassi N'dja, Justin, N'Guessan, Anny Estelle, Poorter, Lourens, Qie, Lan, Rutishauser, Ervan, Sist, Plinio, Sonké, Bonaventure, Sullivan, Martin J. P., Vilanova, Emilio, Wang, Maria M. H., Martius, Christopher, and Herold, Martin

Subjects
Changement climatique, forêt tropicale, Environnement, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Biomasse, surveillance, forêt primaire, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, forêt secondaire, Gaz à effet de serre
Abstract

As countries advance in greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting for climate change mitigation, consistent estimates of above ground biomass (AGB) net change are needed for the tropics and subtropics. Countries with limited forest monitoring capabilities rely on 2006 IPCC default AGB net change values, which are averages per ecological zone, per continent. These previous defaults come from single studies, provide no uncertainty indications, and aggregate old secondary forests and old-growth forests. In this study, we update these default values using forest plot data. In comparison with previous estimates, new values include data published from 2006 onwards, are derived from multiple sites per global ecological zone, provide measures of variation, and divide forests >20 years old into older secondary forests and old-growth forests. We compiled 176 AGB chronosequences in secondary forests and AGB net change rates from 536 permanent plots in old-growth and managed or logged forests. In this dataset, across all continents and ecozones, AGB net change rates in younger secondary forests (go years) are higher than rates in older secondary (>20 years and ≤100 years) forests and managed or logged forests, which in turn are higher than rates in old-growth forests (> 100 years). Data availability is highest for North and South America, followed by Asia then Africa. We provide a rigorous and traceable refinement of the IPCC 2006 AGB net change default rates, identify which areas in the tropics and subtropics require more research on AGB change, and reflect on possibilities for improvement as more data becomes available.

Published
2019

14. The European union’s 2010 target: Putting rare species in focus

Author

Fontaine, Benoît, Zoologia, Fontaine, Benoît, Bouchet, Philippe, Van Achterberg, Kees, Alonso Zarazaga, M. A., Araujo, Rafael, Asche, Manfred, Aspöck, Ulrike, Audisio, Paolo, Aukema, Berend, Bailly, Nicolas, Balsamo, María, Bank, Ruud, Barnard, Peter, Belfiore, Carlo, Bongers, Tom, Boxshall, Geoffrey, Burckhardt, Daniel, Camicas, Jean-Louis, Chylarecki, Przemek, Crucitti, Pierangelo, Deharveng, Lousi, Dubois, Alain, Enghoff, Henrik, Faubel, Anno, Fochetti, Romolo, Gargominy, Olivier, Gibson, David, Gibson, Ray, Gómez López, María Soledad, Goujet, Daniel, Harvey, Mark, Heller, Klaus Gerhard, Van Helsdingen, Peter, Hoch, Hannelore, De Jong, Herman, De Jong, Yde, Karsholt, Ole, Los, Wouter, Lundquist, Lars, Magowski, Wojciech, Manconi, Renata, Martens, Jochen, Massard, Jos A., Massard Geimer, Gaby, Mcinnes, Sandra J., Mendes, Luis F., Mey, Eberhard, Michelsen, Verner, Minelli, Alessandro, Nielsen, Claus, Nieto Nafría, Juan M., Van Nieukerken, Erik J., Noyes, John, Pape, Thomas, Pohl, Hans, De Prins, Willy, Ramos, Marian, Ricci, Claudia, Roselaar, Cees, Rota, Emilia, Schmidt Rhaesa, Andreas, Segers, Hendrik, Zur Strassen, Richard, Szeptycki, Andrzej, Thibaud, Jean Marc, Thomas, Alain, Timm, Tarmo, Van Tol, Jan, Vervoort, Wim, Willmann, Rainer, Bogdanowicz, Wieslaw, Fontaine, Benoît, Zoologia, Fontaine, Benoît, Bouchet, Philippe, Van Achterberg, Kees, Alonso Zarazaga, M. A., Araujo, Rafael, Asche, Manfred, Aspöck, Ulrike, Audisio, Paolo, Aukema, Berend, Bailly, Nicolas, Balsamo, María, Bank, Ruud, Barnard, Peter, Belfiore, Carlo, Bongers, Tom, Boxshall, Geoffrey, Burckhardt, Daniel, Camicas, Jean-Louis, Chylarecki, Przemek, Crucitti, Pierangelo, Deharveng, Lousi, Dubois, Alain, Enghoff, Henrik, Faubel, Anno, Fochetti, Romolo, Gargominy, Olivier, Gibson, David, Gibson, Ray, Gómez López, María Soledad, Goujet, Daniel, Harvey, Mark, Heller, Klaus Gerhard, Van Helsdingen, Peter, Hoch, Hannelore, De Jong, Herman, De Jong, Yde, Karsholt, Ole, Los, Wouter, Lundquist, Lars, Magowski, Wojciech, Manconi, Renata, Martens, Jochen, Massard, Jos A., Massard Geimer, Gaby, Mcinnes, Sandra J., Mendes, Luis F., Mey, Eberhard, Michelsen, Verner, Minelli, Alessandro, Nielsen, Claus, Nieto Nafría, Juan M., Van Nieukerken, Erik J., Noyes, John, Pape, Thomas, Pohl, Hans, De Prins, Willy, Ramos, Marian, Ricci, Claudia, Roselaar, Cees, Rota, Emilia, Schmidt Rhaesa, Andreas, Segers, Hendrik, Zur Strassen, Richard, Szeptycki, Andrzej, Thibaud, Jean Marc, Thomas, Alain, Timm, Tarmo, Van Tol, Jan, Vervoort, Wim, Willmann, Rainer, and Bogdanowicz, Wieslaw

Abstract

The European Union has adopted the ambitious target of halting the loss of biodiversity by 2010. Several indicators have been proposed to assess progress towards the 2010 target, two of them addressing directly the issue of species decline. In Europe, the Fauna Europaea database gives an insight into the patterns of distribution of a total dataset of 130,000 terrestrial and freshwater species without taxonomic bias, and provide a unique opportunity to assess the feasibility of the 2010 target. It shows that the vast majority of European species are rare, in the sense that they have a restricted range. Considering this, the paper discusses whether the 2010 target indicators really cover the species most at risk of extinction. The analysis of a list of 62 globally extinct European taxa shows that most contemporary extinctions have affected narrow-range taxa or taxa with strict ecological requirements. Indeed, most European species listed as threatened in the IUCN Red List are narrow-range species. Conversely, there are as many wide-range species as narrow-range endemics in the list of protected species in Europe (Bird and Habitat Directives). The subset of biodiversity captured by the 2010 target indicators should be representative of the whole biodiversity in terms of patterns of distribution and abundance. Indicators should not overlook a core characteristic of biodiversity, i.e. the large number of narrow-range species and their intrinsic vulnerability. With ill-selected indicator species, the extinction of narrowrange endemics would go unnoticed

Published
2015

15. The European union’s 2010 target: Putting rare species in focus

Author

Zoologia, Fontaine, Benoît, Bouchet, Philippe, Van Achterberg, Kees, Alonso Zarazaga, M. A., Araujo, Rafael, Asche, Manfred, Aspöck, Ulrike, Audisio, Paolo, Aukema, Berend, Bailly, Nicolas, Balsamo, María, Bank, Ruud, Barnard, Peter, Belfiore, Carlo, Bongers, Tom, Boxshall, Geoffrey, Burckhardt, Daniel, Camicas, Jean-Louis, Chylarecki, Przemek, Crucitti, Pierangelo, Deharveng, Lousi, Dubois, Alain, Enghoff, Henrik, Faubel, Anno, Fochetti, Romolo, Gargominy, Olivier, Gibson, David, Gibson, Ray, Gómez López, María Soledad, Goujet, Daniel, Harvey, Mark, Heller, Klaus Gerhard, Van Helsdingen, Peter, Hoch, Hannelore, De Jong, Herman, De Jong, Yde, Karsholt, Ole, Los, Wouter, Lundquist, Lars, Magowski, Wojciech, Manconi, Renata, Martens, Jochen, Massard, Jos A., Massard Geimer, Gaby, Mcinnes, Sandra J., Mendes, Luis F., Mey, Eberhard, Michelsen, Verner, Minelli, Alessandro, Nielsen, Claus, Nieto Nafría, Juan M., Van Nieukerken, Erik J., Noyes, John, Pape, Thomas, Pohl, Hans, De Prins, Willy, Ramos, Marian, Ricci, Claudia, Roselaar, Cees, Rota, Emilia, Schmidt Rhaesa, Andreas, Segers, Hendrik, Zur Strassen, Richard, Szeptycki, Andrzej, Thibaud, Jean Marc, Thomas, Alain, Timm, Tarmo, Van Tol, Jan, Vervoort, Wim, Willmann, Rainer, Bogdanowicz, Wieslaw, Zoologia, Fontaine, Benoît, Bouchet, Philippe, Van Achterberg, Kees, Alonso Zarazaga, M. A., Araujo, Rafael, Asche, Manfred, Aspöck, Ulrike, Audisio, Paolo, Aukema, Berend, Bailly, Nicolas, Balsamo, María, Bank, Ruud, Barnard, Peter, Belfiore, Carlo, Bongers, Tom, Boxshall, Geoffrey, Burckhardt, Daniel, Camicas, Jean-Louis, Chylarecki, Przemek, Crucitti, Pierangelo, Deharveng, Lousi, Dubois, Alain, Enghoff, Henrik, Faubel, Anno, Fochetti, Romolo, Gargominy, Olivier, Gibson, David, Gibson, Ray, Gómez López, María Soledad, Goujet, Daniel, Harvey, Mark, Heller, Klaus Gerhard, Van Helsdingen, Peter, Hoch, Hannelore, De Jong, Herman, De Jong, Yde, Karsholt, Ole, Los, Wouter, Lundquist, Lars, Magowski, Wojciech, Manconi, Renata, Martens, Jochen, Massard, Jos A., Massard Geimer, Gaby, Mcinnes, Sandra J., Mendes, Luis F., Mey, Eberhard, Michelsen, Verner, Minelli, Alessandro, Nielsen, Claus, Nieto Nafría, Juan M., Van Nieukerken, Erik J., Noyes, John, Pape, Thomas, Pohl, Hans, De Prins, Willy, Ramos, Marian, Ricci, Claudia, Roselaar, Cees, Rota, Emilia, Schmidt Rhaesa, Andreas, Segers, Hendrik, Zur Strassen, Richard, Szeptycki, Andrzej, Thibaud, Jean Marc, Thomas, Alain, Timm, Tarmo, Van Tol, Jan, Vervoort, Wim, Willmann, Rainer, and Bogdanowicz, Wieslaw

Abstract

The European Union has adopted the ambitious target of halting the loss of biodiversity by 2010. Several indicators have been proposed to assess progress towards the 2010 target, two of them addressing directly the issue of species decline. In Europe, the Fauna Europaea database gives an insight into the patterns of distribution of a total dataset of 130,000 terrestrial and freshwater species without taxonomic bias, and provide a unique opportunity to assess the feasibility of the 2010 target. It shows that the vast majority of European species are rare, in the sense that they have a restricted range. Considering this, the paper discusses whether the 2010 target indicators really cover the species most at risk of extinction. The analysis of a list of 62 globally extinct European taxa shows that most contemporary extinctions have affected narrow-range taxa or taxa with strict ecological requirements. Indeed, most European species listed as threatened in the IUCN Red List are narrow-range species. Conversely, there are as many wide-range species as narrow-range endemics in the list of protected species in Europe (Bird and Habitat Directives). The subset of biodiversity captured by the 2010 target indicators should be representative of the whole biodiversity in terms of patterns of distribution and abundance. Indicators should not overlook a core characteristic of biodiversity, i.e. the large number of narrow-range species and their intrinsic vulnerability. With ill-selected indicator species, the extinction of narrowrange endemics would go unnoticed

Published
2015

17. A phylogenetic tree of nematodes based on about 1200 full-length small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences.

Author

VAN MEGEN, Hanny, VAN DEN ELSEN, Sven, HOLTERMAN, Martijn, KARSSEN, Gerrit, MOOYMAN, Paul, BONGERS, Tom, HOLOVACHOV, Oleksandr, BAKKER, Jaap, and HELDER, Johannes

Subjects
NEMATODE phylogeny, RIBOSOMAL RNA, NUCLEOTIDE sequence, NEMATODE morphology, NEMATODE classification
Abstract

As a result of the scarcity of informative morphological and anatomical characters, nematode systematics have always been volatile. Differences in the appreciation of these characters have resulted in numerous classifications and this greatly confuses scientific communication. An advantage of the use of molecular data is that it allows for an enormous expansion of the number of characters. Here we present a phylogenetic tree based on 1215 small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences (ca 1700 bp each) covering a wide range of nematode taxa. Of the 19 nematode orders mentioned by De Ley et al. (2006) 15 are represented here. Compared with Holterman et al. (2006) the number of taxa analysed has been tripled. This did not result in major changes in the clade subdivision of the phylum, although a decrease in the number of well supported nodes was observed. Especially at the family level and below we observed a considerable congruence between morphology and ribosomal DNA-based nematode systematics and, in case of discrepancies, morphological or anatomical support could be found for the alternative grouping in most instances. The extensiveness of convergent evolution is one of the most striking phenomena observed in the phylogenetic tree presented here - it is hard to find a morphological, ecological or biological characteristic that has not arisen at least twice during nematode evolution. Convergent evolution appears to be an important additional explanation for the seemingly persistent volatility of nematode systematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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18. Nematode Indicators of Organic Enrichment

Author

Ferris, Howard and Bongers, Tom

Subjects
Symposium Paper
Abstract

The organisms of the soil food web, dependent on resources from plants or on amendment from other sources, respond characteristically to enrichment of their environment by organic matter. Primary consumers of the incoming substrate, including bacteria, fungi, plant-feeding nematodes, annelids, and some microarthropods, are entry-level indicators of enrichment. However, the quantification of abundance and biomass of this diverse group, as an indicator of resource status, requires a plethora of extraction and assessment techniques. Soluble organic compounds are absorbed by bacteria and fungi, while fungi also degrade more recalcitrant sources. These organisms are potential indicators of the nature of incoming substrate, but current methods of biomass determination do not reliably indicate their community composition. Guilds of nematodes that feed on bacteria (e.g., Rhabditidae, Panagrolaimidae) and fungi (e.g., Aphelenchidae, Aphelenchoididae) are responsive to changes in abundance of their food. Through direct herbivory, plant-feeding nematodes (e.g., many species of Tylenchina) also contribute to food web resources. Thus, analysis of the nematode community of a single sample provides indication of carbon flow through an important herbivore channel and through channels mediated by bacteria and fungi. Some nematode guilds are more responsive than others to resource enrichment. Generally, those bacterivores with short lifecycles and high reproductive potential (e.g., Rhabditidae) most closely mirror the bloom of bacteria or respond most rapidly to active plant growth. The feeding habits of some groups remain unclear. For example, nematodes of the Tylenchidae may constitute 30% or more of the individuals in a soil sample; further study is necessary to determine which resource channels they portray and the appropriate level of taxonomic resolution for this group. A graphic representation of the relative biomass of bacterivorous, fungivorous, and herbivorous nematodes provides a useful tool for assessing the importance of the bacterial, fungal, and plant resource channels in an extant food web.

Published
2006

19. Morphology and Systematics of the Order Plectida Malakhov, 1982 (Nematoda)

Author

Bakker, Jaap, Bongers, Tom, Holovachov, O.V., Bakker, Jaap, Bongers, Tom, and Holovachov, O.V.

Abstract

Nematodes constitute one of the largest animal phyla. Hitherto about 20.000 species have been described but there are estimates that this number is less than 2% of the total number of existing species. Although the larger animal and human parasites were known since ancient times the description of free living nematodes and plant parasites started around 1850. Although nematodes can be found in almost every habitat, they are still one of the least known groups of extant metazoans. In a hierarchical organisation (classification) of nematodes, as for some other groups of multicellular animals, the higher the level, the greater the confusion and discrepancy among different opinions. It is clear, that the applied, prognostic and educational value of such artificial classification is low and requires further improvement.This thesis represents a small brick in the castle of humans' knowledge about nematode morphology, diversity and phylogeny. The author brings to light some new data and ideas about the form of some nematodes, how they develop and how they apparently evolved. Four main chapters deal with one of the smallest but morphologically and ecologically diverse orders, Plectida, whose members are found in marine, terrestrial and fresh water habitats.At the first stage of studies, just one genus, Anonchus, is analysed. Among the six known species included in the analysis, however, Anonchus shows considerable variability in morphology of reproductive organs, of both females and males. It is worth mentioning that morphological peculiarities of female gonads and the male copulatory apparatus are often used to separate populations into different species and to create higher taxonomic categories. The discovery of two new species, A. venezolanw and A. winiszewskae, adds even more to understanding the structural diversity of this genus. The analysis of the morphology of Anonchus species results in considerable rearrangement of the classification of this genus and its allies

Published
2006

24. The European union’s 2010 target: Putting rare species in focus

Author

Fontaine, Benoît, primary, Bouchet, Philippe, additional, Van Achterberg, Kees, additional, Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel Angel, additional, Araujo, Rafael, additional, Asche, Manfred, additional, Aspöck, Ulrike, additional, Audisio, Paolo, additional, Aukema, Berend, additional, Bailly, Nicolas, additional, Balsamo, Maria, additional, Bank, Ruud A., additional, Barnard, Peter, additional, Belfiore, Carlo, additional, Bogdanowicz, Wieslaw, additional, Bongers, Tom, additional, Boxshall, Geoffrey, additional, Burckhardt, Daniel, additional, Camicas, Jean-Louis, additional, Chylarecki, Przemek, additional, Crucitti, Pierangelo, additional, Deharveng, Louis, additional, Dubois, Alain, additional, Enghoff, Henrik, additional, Faubel, Anno, additional, Fochetti, Romolo, additional, Gargominy, Olivier, additional, Gibson, David, additional, Gibson, Ray, additional, Gómez López, Maria Soledad, additional, Goujet, Daniel, additional, Harvey, Mark S., additional, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, additional, Van Helsdingen, Peter, additional, Hoch, Hannelore, additional, De Jong, Herman, additional, De Jong, Yde, additional, Karsholt, Ole, additional, Los, Wouter, additional, Lundqvist, Lars, additional, Magowski, Wojciech, additional, Manconi, Renata, additional, Martens, Jochen, additional, Massard, Jos A., additional, Massard-Geimer, Gaby, additional, Mcinnes, Sandra J., additional, Mendes, Luis F., additional, Mey, Eberhard, additional, Michelsen, Verner, additional, Minelli, Alessandro, additional, Nielsen, Claus, additional, Nieto Nafría, Juan M., additional, Van Nieukerken, Erik J., additional, Noyes, John, additional, Pape, Thomas, additional, Pohl, Hans, additional, De Prins, Willy, additional, Ramos, Marian, additional, Ricci, Claudia, additional, Roselaar, Cees, additional, Rota, Emilia, additional, Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas, additional, Segers, Hendrik, additional, Strassen, Richard Zur, additional, Szeptycki, Andrzej, additional, Thibaud, Jean-Marc, additional, Thomas, Alain, additional, Timm, Tarmo, additional, Van Tol, Jan, additional, Vervoort, Wim, additional, and Willmann, Rainer, additional

Published
2007
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29. Design and evaluation of nematode 18S rDNA primers for PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of soil community DNA

Author

Waite, Ian S., primary, O'Donnell, Anthony G., additional, Harrison, Andrew, additional, Davies, John T., additional, Colvan, Stephanie R., additional, Ekschmitt, Klemens, additional, Dogan, Hülya, additional, Wolters, Volkmar, additional, Bongers, Tom, additional, Bongers, Marina, additional, Bakonyi, Gabor, additional, Nagy, Péter, additional, Papatheodorou, Efimia M., additional, Stamou, George P., additional, and Boström, Sven, additional

Published
2003
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36. Nematode community structure as indicator of soil functioning in European grassland soils

Author

Ekschmitt, Klemens, primary, Bakonyi, Gabor, additional, Bongers, Marina, additional, Bongers, Tom, additional, Boström, Sven, additional, Dogan, Hülya, additional, Harrison, Andrew, additional, Nagy, Péter, additional, OˈDonnell, Anthony G., additional, Papatheodorou, Efimia M., additional, Sohlenius, Björn, additional, Stamou, George P., additional, and Wolters, Volkmar, additional

Published
2001
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46. A strategy in searching for stress tolerance-correlated characteristics in nematodes while accounting for phylogenetic interdependence.

Author

HOLTERMAN, Martijn H. M., KORTHALS, Gerard W., DOROSZUK, Agnieszka, VAN MEGEN, Hanny H. B., BAKKER, Jaap, BONGERS, Tom, HELDER, Johannes, and VAN DER WURFF, Andre

Subjects
NEMATODES, PHYLOGENY, SOIL nematodes, SOIL animals, SOIL invertebrates
Abstract

Biological indicators are highly relevant for assessing the condition of a soil as they are integrative; they reflect the overall impact of physical, chemical and biological changes. Indigenous soil organisms are preferable to other test organisms because the diversity and condition of indigenous soil organisms reflect both acute and chronic effects of soil disturbances. Nematodes are ubiquitous, speciose, easily extractable and present in extremely high numbers. Given the ever increasing amount of sequence data, DNA barcode-based community analysis will soon be possible and a next step would be to define objective criteria for the ecological grouping of soil nematodes. Here, we present a framework to ascertain which traits are correlated with a tolerance to stress. For this, a field study on the effects of pH and copper on nematode communities was re-analysed. Changes in abundances of individual genera were correlated with a number of potentially stress tolerance-related characteristics. The generalised least squares (GLS) method was used to account for the phylogenetic dependence of the data. Only the relationship between the ability to enter a survival stage and tolerance to copper at pH 6.1 was found to be significant, but the quantity of missing data probably had a negative impact on the analyses. This study did, however, clearly demonstrate the importance of accounting for the effects of phylogenetic dependence in the data. When the phylogeny was taken into account, we observed an average change in P value of 0.196 (and in some cases as much as 0.6) for the correlations of possible stress-related characteristics and Cu or pH tolerance. This research constitutes a proof-of-principle for a transparent method to relate stress tolerance to (ecological) characteristics. The usefulness of this powerful method should become even clearer when substantially higher numbers of individuals are analysed (as facilitated by using DNA barcodes) and when missing data are filled in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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47. The genus Deficephalobus De Ley & Coomans, 1990 (Cephalobina: Osstellidae) from nature reserves in Costa Rica.

Author

Holovachov, Oleksandr, Esquivel, Alejandro, and Bongers, Tom

Subjects
WORM anatomy, NEMATODES, ANIMAL morphology, ANIMAL species
Abstract

Two species of the genus Deficephalobus, D. mirabilis sp. n. and D. desenderi, are described and illustrated on the basis of material collected in Costa Rica. The new species is characterised by 0.67-1.2 mm long body; bluntly rounded labial region; amphidial aperture one-third of labial region diam. wide; cheilostom barrel-shaped with sclerotised, bar-shaped, cheilorhabdia; gymnostom barrel-shaped with moderately sclerotised lining of gymnostom; stegostom funnel-shaped anteriorly, narrow tubular posteriorly and subdivided into four sets of rhabdia; basal bulb elongate ovoid with weakly developed valvular apparatus; excretory pore opening anterior to nerve ring; ovary tip almost reaching the level of rectum, large spermatheca, postvulval uterine sac shorter than vulval body diameter; female tail elongate conoid and straight, with filiform tail terminus; male tail short conoid with small, ragged, terminal mucro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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48. Morphology and systematics of the genus Anonchus Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: Leptolaimina) and reappraisal of the family Aphanolaimidae Chitwood, 1936 n. rank.

Author

Holovachov, Oleksandr, Zullini, Aldo, Loof, Pieter A. A., and Bongers, Tom

Subjects
WORMS, ANIMAL morphology
Abstract

The genus Anonchus is revised. The genera Assia and Haconnus are considered to be synonymous with Anonchus on the basis of the morphological analysis. Additional descriptions of six species, viz. A. maculatus , A. mirabilis , A. millelacunatus , A. palaeotropicus , A. coomansi and A. pulcher are provided on the basis of type material or recently collected populations. The lectotype of A. monohystera is designated and described and the synonymy of this species with A. maculatus is confirmed. Two new species are described; A. winiszewskae sp. n. from Paraguay and A. venezolanus sp. n. from Venezuela. Several aspects of the morphology are described and the variability and diagnostic significance of the main morphological characters discussed. A study of intrageneric and suprageneric taxonomy of the genus Anonchus is presented. The subfamily Aphanolaiminae is reinstated for the genera Aphanolaimus, Aphanonchus and Paraphanolaimus and raised to family rank. The family Aphanolaimidae includes two subfamilies: Aphanolaiminae and Anonchinae. An emended diagnosis and a revised classification of Anonchus are proposed and a key to the species of the genus is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002
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49. Free-living nematodes from nature reserves in Costa Rica. 2. Mononchina.

Author

Zullini, Aldo, Loof, Pieter A.A., and Bongers, Tom

Subjects
MONONCHIDA, FOREST reserves
Abstract

In soil, moss and freshwater habitats of tropical forests in Costa Rica, 20 mononch species were found. Two are described as new species. Mononchus laminatus n. sp. (L = 1.5-1.9 mm, buccal capsule 29-31 × 11-14 μm, c′ = 3.6-4.9, similar to M. aquaticus but with a subventral lamina present in anterior part of buccal cavity, and amphid aperture posterior to the dorsal tooth) and Miconchus gomezi n. sp. (similar to M. digiturus, but with slender body, vulva cuticularised and with a reduced posterior genital branch). The known species are redescribed, the well-known ones briefly, the less known more extensively. Brazilian and Costa Rican specimens of Paracrassibucca paucidentata Lordello, 1970 were studied and a lectotype has been designated. The other species found are: Mononchus truncatus Bastian, 1865; M. aquaticus Coetzee, 1968; M. tunbridgensis Bastian, 1865; Coomansus parvus (de Man, 1880); Coomansus sp. (C. zschokkei-group); Prionchulus muscorum (Dujardin, 1845); P.punctatus Cobb, 1917; Cobbonchus coetzeeae Andrássy, 1970; Mylonchulus contractus Jairajpuri, 1970; M. hawaiiensis (Cassidy, 1931); M. obtusicaudatus (von Daday, 1899); M. parabrachyuris (Thorne, 1924); M. sigmaturus Cobb, 1917; Mulveyellus monhystera (Cobb, 1917); Iotonchus tenuidentatus (Kreis, 1924); I. trichurus Cobb, 1917 and Miconchus digiturus (Cobb, 1893). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002
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50. Orthophallonema; A new genus for Leptosomatum ranjhaiTimm, 1960

Author

Bongers, Tom

Abstract

Leptosomatum ranjhaiTimm, 1960 can no longer be assigned to Leptosomatum sensuBongers, 1983 because the sexual dimorphism in the amphids of Leptosomatumis absent in L. ranjhai. The new genus proposed for this species, Orthophallonema, is characterized by the presence of serially oriented lateral epidermal glands, ortho- and loxometanemes (Lorenzen, 1978), and ventral and subventral pre-cloacal sensilla in the male. New material of O. ranjhai(Timm, 1960) comb. nov. is recorded from the Caribbean and a related species from Fiji is described but not named.

Published
1983
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