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The path of tokamak fusion and International thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) is maintaining high-performance plasma to produce sufficient fusion power. This effort is hindered by the transient energy burst arising from the instabilities at the boundary of plasmas. Conventional 3D magnetic perturbations used to suppress these instabilities often degrade fusion performance and increase the risk of other instabilities. This study presents an innovative 3D field optimization approach that leverages machine learning and real-time adaptability to overcome these challenges. Implemented in the DIII-D and KSTAR tokamaks, this method has consistently achieved reactor-relevant core confinement and the highest fusion performance without triggering damaging bursts. This is enabled by advances in the physics understanding of self-organized transport in the plasma edge and machine learning techniques to optimize the 3D field spectrum. The success of automated, real-time adaptive control of such complex systems paves the way for maximizing fusion efficiency in ITER and beyond while minimizing damage to device components.

Boron coating of plasma-facing components (PFCs) is widely used in fusion devices to form surface coatings and chemical compounds on the PFCs, thus suppressing plasma contamination by impurities such as oxygen, carbon, and tungsten. Understanding the processes of hydrogenic species retention is crucial to assessing the viability of boron coating techniques in ITER and beyond. In this work, we deposited boronization films on silicon crystal and ITER-grade tungsten samples using a glow discharge boronization plasma of helium (He, 20 %) and diborane (B2D6, 80 %) in the DIII-D tokamak at the heated vessel temperature of 600 K. We performed post-mortem analysis of DIII-D boronization films for thickness utilizing a focused ion beam, deuterium retention utilizing thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), and chemical characterization utilizing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The DIII-D boronization films were exposed to DIII-D tokamak L-, H-mode, and/or PISCES-E linear device D plasmas. We observed a D uptake for B:D = 5:2 in the DIII-D boronization film before D plasma exposures. The observed D retention was mainly in the BCD bond with a desorption peak of 1000 K. No B-D bond with a desorption peak around 700 K was found in the TDS spectrum as the DIII-D vessel was heated to 600 K. Exposures to both DIII-D L- and H-mode D plasma, which includes 1–3 % of C ion contamination, on the DIII-D boronization film at ∼400 K gave a D uptake increase of ∼20 %. Contrarily, D removal by ∼30 % was observed after exposing the DIII-D boronization film to a carbon-free PISCES-E D plasma. This implies that future fusion devices should be careful to minimize C impurity contamination to reduce D retention.

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar um relato de experiência, de abordagem qualitativa, descrevendo como ocorreu a metodologia de estágio de vivência, envolvendo o ensino, a pesquisa e a extensão entre o Instituto Federal do Acre - campus Cruzeiro do Sul - e a Escola Indígena Tamãkãyã, do povo Noke Koĩ. O estágio de vivência envolveu docentes do IFAC, 69 acadêmicos da disciplina de Currículo e Gestão, dos cursos de Licenciatura em Física e em Matemática, e 54 indígenas. Os projetos de ensino e extensão elaborados para a realização de estágios de vivências buscaram promover uma experiência formativa que tinha como propósito a reflexão sobre o ensino de matemática e física da/na educação escolar indígena. As metodologias empregadas foram rodas de conversas, observações da cultura, da escola e do processo escolar e a integração entre campus IFAC e a referida etnia. A vivência proporcionou refletir sobre a formação docente para o atendimento de diferentes realidades, assim como a aproximação do povo Noke Koĩ com o instituto.

As part of ITER’s consideration to change its first wall material from beryllium to tungsten, the ITER Organization has proposed studying the feasibility of real-time solid boron injection (SBI) into the plasma to coat the walls and divertor to supplement glow discharge boronization (GDB) [1]. Boron deposits getter oxygen and reduce sputtering of tungsten from plasma facing components (PFCs). Particularly in areas with significant plasma wall interactions, boron coatings are expected to be short-lived under high performance plasma conditions. The proposed SBI system aims to maintain boron layers in these areas to avoid excessive radiation from tungsten in the plasma as a risk mitigation to ensure ITER will be able to reach and sustain Q = 10 conditions. The system will be used sparingly, as redeposition of boron can lead to significant tritium retention, which must be minimized in ITER to comply with nuclear safety concerns. SBI is proposed to limit and precisely control the amount of boron injected in real-time during plasma operation. Here, some of the design requirements and initial concepts for an SBI system in ITER are presented based on previous results carried out with SBI systems on a number of tokamaks and stellarators around the world [2–18].Previous results using SBI systems installed by PPPL have injected boron particles from 5 µm–2 mm diameter at calibrated rates of 2–200 mg/s in real-time during plasma operation on AUG [4], DIII-D [5], EAST [6], KSTAR [7], LHD [8], TFTR [9], WEST [10], and W7-X [11,12], leading to improved wall conditions with reduced plasma impurity concentrations and radiated power and improved plasma performance. The boron is ionized in the plasma edge and then deposited on plasma-wetted surfaces. On AUG [4], EAST [6] and WEST [10] reduced tungsten sputtering sources were observed following several discharges with SBI. Extrapolation of these SBI results are presented to estimate the amount of boron needed for wall conditioning in ITER. Real-time SBI control requirements and plasma operation scenarios for ITER are also described.

Author(s): Rosalie Ariane Eva Altman [sup.1] , Catherine Bortolon [sup.2] , Mohamad El Haj [sup.3] [sup.4] [sup.5] , Delphine Capdevielle [sup.6] , Stéphane Raffard [sup.6] [sup.7] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/031rekg67, [...], Flashbulb memories are autobiographical memories for important and emotional events, which have the particularity of being at the intersection of personal and public events. Autobiographical memory impairments are highly prevalent in schizophrenia, a psychiatric condition intrinsically linked to self-disorders. Thus, we aimed to evaluate flashbulb and event memory functioning in individuals with schizophrenia. Twenty-four individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and 25 control participants were tested on a flashbulb memory questionnaire about the July 14th, 2016, Nice (France) terrorist attack, including questions on flashbulb and event memory, certainty, vividness, rehearsal, emotion, novelty, consequentiality, implication, and importance. Participants also underwent cognitive assessments. Analysis showed lower scores for both flashbulb and event memories in patients compared to control participants. Subjective ratings of the phenomenological characteristics of flashbulb memory were similar between the two groups overall. However, individuals with schizophrenia reported having higher levels of emotion when they first learned about the attack compared to the control group. Our results replicate findings of impaired autobiographical memory functioning in schizophrenia and extend these findings to public events. Our findings also indicate that flashbulb memories may lead to substantial contextual recall in schizophrenia patients and that collective memories, such as a terrorist attack, can have a profound emotional impact on patients.

The power inspection of energy transmission networks is an effective way of mitigating risks, and failures, and avoiding mistakes in the transmission system. However, the inspection market is highly competitive and has difficulties in this process, mainly due to the high altitude of the lines. A standard solution for inspection of high-altitude power lines can be implemented using drones and aircraft, however, has a high cost for operation and poor logistics viability. In this scenario, "Prof. Raul Guenther’s Robotic Lab" developed a project of a robot that goes through low and medium-voltage wires to power inspection of transmission systems in urban networks. In this paper we propose the use of a self-balancing robot, aiming to execute the inspection, using a 2D balance control to stabilize the balance on the cable. Moreover, we evaluate the viability and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, highlighting its advantages and properties using numerical simulations considering a non-linear model, and expected disturbances. Moreover, we develop computational experiments with graphical results, simulating the model in different situations to find the limits of the controller, based on the maximum speed of the wind and the robot moving through the wires.

High soil moisture due to frequent excessive precipitation can lead to reductions in maize grain yields and increased nitrogen (N) loss. The traditional methods of computing N status in crops are destructive and time-consuming, especially in waterlogged fields. Therefore, in this study, we used unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing to evaluate the status of maize under different N rates and excessive soil moisture conditions. The experiment was performed using a split plot design with four replications, with soil moisture conditions as main plots and different N rates as sub-plots. The artificial intelligence SciPy (version 1.5.2) optimization algorithm and spherical function were used to estimate the economically optimum N rate under the different treatments. The computed EONR for CRS 2022 was 157 kg N ha−1 for both treatments, with the maximum net return to N of USD 1203 ha−1. In 2023, the analysis suggested a lower maximum attainable yield in excessive water conditions, with EONR pushed up to 197 kg N ha−1 as compared to 185 kg N ha−1 in the control treatment, resulting in a lower maximum net return to N of USD 884 ha−1 as compared to USD 1019 ha−1 in the control treatment. This study reveals a slight reduction of the fraction of NDRE at EONR to maximum NDRE under excessive water conditions, highlighting the need for addressing such abiotic stress circumstances when arriving at an N rate recommendation based on an N-rich strip concept. This study confirms the importance of sensing technology for N monitoring in maize, particularly in supporting decision making in nutrient management under adverse weather conditions.

The literature suggests several hypotheses explaining adaptive vs. maladaptive character of task unrelated thoughts (TUT). However, it is still not clear what particular features can differentiate adaptive TUT from its maladaptive form. The main aim of the present study was to test the content and the context regulation hypothesis using daily sampling, that is to verify how TUT and task features are linked to momentary mood. 214 participants assessed their trait TUT through self-reported questionnaires and underwent a 7-day ecological momentary assessment of mood, TUT, and task characteristics measured 7 times by day. The results suggest that TUT particular features (i.e. lack of control, delay from the present moment, valence) are linked to both, lower mood valence and higher anxiety. Moreover control over the thoughts moderates the link between task characteristic (effort required by the task) and participants’ mood. Thus, from the clinical perspective, it seems more justified to take into account the particular TUT features instead of distinguishing specific TUT type (e.g. mind-wandering or rumination).

We evaluated the effect of compression leggings with micromassage in association with physical activity on women with lipedema, not previously treated and without recent changes in body weight. The treatment resulted in an improvement in all subjective parameters, in spontaneous and evoked pain, in the volume of the limbs, in the absence of significant changes in body weight, and regardless of the duration of use, age, years of illness, the clinical stage, and body mass index (BMI). Evoked pain did not improve in areas affected by untreated lipedema; foot circumferences did not increase. We found a significant reduction in the thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and skin evaluated in multiple points of the lower limb. Micromassage compression leggings are proposed as an integral part of conservative treatment. A method is proposed for the clinical evaluation of evoked pain, called the Progressive Pain Check (PPC), which allows for the calculation of a numerical score called the Ricolfi–Patton Score (RPS) and for the ultrasound evaluation of tissues. The method is simple and repeatable and allows for completion of the clinical evaluation of the patient at diagnosis and for an evaluation of the effects of various treatments, even applied to just one side of the body.

Diante da compreensão de que compartilhamos um passado histórico e sociocultural recente e similar (semiperiférico, ditatorial, colonial, cristão, monoteísta patriarcal), o que as artes ibero-americanas teriam a dizer sobre as ficções dominantes e com que ferramentas estéticas e dissensuais fariam frente a um consenso policialesco de gênero, sexualidade, raça e classe social? Que cenas, gestos e rostos, mesmo que transitórios, ambíguos e relacionais, poderiam perturbar determinados regimes policialescos não apenas de raça, gênero e classe, mas também perturbar as próprias ficções dominantes no campo das artes? Com este número, pretendemos analisar então as operações discursivas e estéticas que ocorrem quando são as subjetividades subalternas que representam a si mesmas, em vez de serem retratadas a partir do olhar de um Outro hegemônico que frequentemente procura coisificá-las, dominá-las e observá-las de uma distância que não contamine sua subjetividade.

The glyphosate herbicide is a pesticide widely used in the world and can contaminate soil, air, and water. The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fish were exposed to different concentrations of GBH (0, 50, 250, and 500 µg/L) for 96 hours. Brain, liver, and blood were collected for biochemical and genotoxicity analyses, and behavioral tests were performed. The results showed that there was a reduction in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes of catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the liver at all concentrations and at the highest concentration in the brain. There was also a reduction in lipid peroxidation in the liver at all concentrations of glyphosate. There was an increase in micronuclei in the blood at the 500 µg/L concentration. However, the count of nuclear abnormalities showed no differences from the control. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) generation was inhibited at all concentrations in the liver and at the highest concentration in the brain. No significant differences were found in the behavioral test compared to the control. The results showed that acute exposure to GBH promoted an inflammatory event, which reduced the efficiency of antioxidants, thus producing a disturbance in tissues, mainly in the liver, causing immunosuppression and generating genotoxicity.

Author(s): Marcela Matos [sup.1] , Ana Galhardo [sup.1] [sup.2] , Mariana Moura-Ramos [sup.1] [sup.3] , Stanley R. Steindl [sup.4] , Catherine Bortolon [sup.5] [sup.6] , Yoichi Hiramatsu [sup.7] [sup.8] , [...], Shame is a universal emotion, albeit having a bewildering constellation of causes, valuations, and behavioural consequences that differ across social ecologies. This transdiagnostic emotion may be categorized into two distinct components: external and internal shame. The External and Internal Shame Scale (EISS) has proven to be a brief and reliable instrument to assess external and internal shame, as well as a global sense of shame. The current study aims to corroborate the validity of the EISS and expand its utility, by investigating its dimensionality and testing its measurement invariance in samples from five eclectic countries from Europe, East and Southeast Asia and Australia. Differences in EISS scores across the five countries were also explored. This cross-national study included 1405 participants recruited in community samples of adults from Portuguese, French, Australian, Singaporean and Japanese populations, who completed the EISS in four different languages. An hierarchical model with two factors (external and internal shame) loading on one global factor (global shame) revealed good fit to the data in the total sample and in each of the five countries' samples, and the instrument showed good reliability across countries. The EISS factorial structure also proved to be invariant across countries. Differences in global shame, external and internal shame scores were found between the countries. By supporting the factorial structure, reliability and measurement invariance of the EISS across countries, this study contributes to expand the use of the EISS across nations and in different languages, both in research and clinical settings.

Author(s): Catherine Bortolon [sup.1] [sup.2] , Rachel M. Brand [sup.3] , Rosalie Altman [sup.4] , Marcela Matos [sup.5] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.450308.a, 0000 0004 0369 268X, Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie, [...], Past adverse experiences and negative self-schemas have been found to be a vulnerability factor to voice-hearing and also shape the content and emotional salience of these experiences. Past shameful experiences and their consequences (e.g., traumatic characteristics, self-criticism, shame) may also be relevant in the context of voice-hearing. This study investigates whether the centrality of shame memories is associated with voice-hearing proneness and whether the traumatic characteristics of these memories, external shame and self-criticism mediate this association. Centrality of shame memory, traumatic impact of shame memory, self-criticism, external shame, voice-hearing proneness and negative affect (depression and anxiety) were assessed using self-report questionnaires in 390 participants recruited from the general population. Results from path analyses show the centrality of shame memories is indirectly associated with voice-hearing proneness via three different mediated pathways: (1) via traumatic characteristics of shame memories alone (i.e. intrusions, hyperarousal and avoidance); (2) via both traumatic memory characteristics and self-criticism; as well as (3) via the traumatic qualities of shame memories, self-criticism and external shame. Our model only explained a small proportion (8%) of the variance in voice-hearing proneness. In conclusion, our study partially supports the model of shame memories as well as cognitive models of voice-hearing suggesting that autobiographical (i.e., shame memory) and personal semantic (self-criticism) memory plays a role in the emergence and shaping of voice-hearing experiences. Researchers and clinicians should further explore the role of shame memories in clinical voice-hearing samples.

Collector probes have been used to examine tungsten divertor leakage in a variety of scenarios with low-Z impurity seeding during operation with the new tungsten-coated SAS-VW divertor in DIII-D. Measurements of tungsten deposition on collector probes inserted into the far Scrape-off-Layer (SOL) are used to deduce how efficiently tungsten leaks out of the closed, V-shaped divertor after it is eroded from the target surfaces. Qualitative differences in the tungsten deposition patterns across the collector probes provide clear experimental evidence that the SOL conditions depend on the low-Z impurity seeding conditions. These measurements show that in scenarios where neon gas is injected into the plasma, the tungsten divertor leakage and SOL transport depend on the poloidal location from which the neon is injected. In particular, neon injection from the Inner Midplane and Outer Midplane appear to each result in higher divertor leakage by a factor of 2 to 3 compared to cases with neon injection from either the SOL Crown or from the SAS-VW divertor itself.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever a frequência dos anticorpos responsáveis pelas aloimunização tardia e a dificuldade de acesso ao histórico transfusional prévio para realização das notificações no Sistema Nacional de Hemovigilância (Notivisa). Metodologia: Estudo descritivo transversal dos registros de pacientes do Serviço de Hemoterapia do Hospital São Vicente de Paulo (SHHSVP), localizado no norte do Rio Grande do Sul, no período de janeiro de 2018 a julho de 2023. Através da realização de testes pré-transfusionais nos pacientes que necessitavam de transfusões sanguíneas e apresentavam a Pesquisa de Anticorpos Irregulares (P.A.I.) positiva, as amostras eram submetidas à análise para identificação destes anticorpos e posterior notificação ao Notivisa. Resultados: No período estudado foram identificados 21 aloanticorpos em 305 pacientes, sendo anti-E o mais frequente (n = 77; 25,25%) seguido de anticorpo inconclusivo (n = 76; 24,92%), anti-D (n = 54; 17,70%), anti-K (n = 42; 13,77%), anti-C (n = 35; 11,48%), anti-M (n = 29; 9,51%), anti-c (n = 25; 8,20%), anti-Jka (n = 14; 4,59%), anti-Dia (n = 3; 4,26%), anti-S (n = 12; 3,93%), anti-Lua (n = 10; 3,28%), anti-Lea (n = 9; 2,95%), anti-Leb (n = 8; 2,62%), anti-Jkb (n = 7; 2,30%), anti-Fya (n = 7; 2,30%), anti- P1 (n = 7; 2,30%), anti-e (n = 5; 1,64%), anti-Cw (n = 4; 1,31%), anti-Kpa (n = 2; 0,66%), anti-N (n = 2; 0,66%), anti-Fyb (n = 1; 0,33%). Dos 305 pacientes, 171 (56,06%) não tinham histórico transfusional na instituição e 106 apresentaram mais de um aloanticorpo. Discussão: Conforme o manual para o Sistema Nacional de Hemovigilância no Brasil (2022), caracteriza-se como uma reação transfusional tardia por aloimunização o aparecimento no paciente de um novo aloanticorpo clinicamente significativo contra antígenos eritrocitários e ausência de sinais clínicos ou laboratoriais de hemólise. Além disso, o manual cita como obrigatória a notificação dos aloanticorpos e a necessidade de que haja histórico de transfusão sanguínea, mesmo que essa transfusão tenha ocorrido em outro centro. Contudo no momento da notificação se faz necessário relacionar a mesma aos hemocomponentes transfundidos. Em nosso estudo, a maioria dos pacientes não tinham histórico transfusional na instituição, o que dificulta o trabalho de investigação e notificação. No momento da notificação não é possível verificar no sistema Notivisa se este paciente já teve o anticorpo notificado por outra instituição. Os aloanticorpos permanecem no organismo por cerca de 3 meses, o que faz com que um novo contato com um antígeno, do qual o paciente já foi sensibilizado, possa desencadear uma resposta imediata à transfusão, causando uma reação transfusional tardia. A presença do histórico transfusional prévio do paciente é essencial para esse tipo de situação, uma vez que esse anticorpo é indetectável em testes pré-transfusionais. Conclusão: Nossa instituição é referência na região norte do Rio Grande do Sul, desta forma recebemos diariamente pacientes oriundos de outros municípios, grande parte dos pacientes não sabem relatar seu histórico transfusional prévio, por isso ter um acesso mais amplo a nível nacional destas notificações, traria um dado mais fidedigno da aloimunização eritrocitária do país.

A estrutura curricular de escolas indígenas é uma temática amplamente explorada, a qual deve refletir a realidade concreta e material atenta às demandas da comunidade. Logo, o objeto desta pesquisa é o Currículo Escolar Indígena de escolas estaduais do município de Uiramutã, presente no interior do seguinte problema: Como está organizado o currículo escolar das Escolas Estaduais Indígenas do município de Uiramutã? Como ocorre a sua execução? O objetivo geral foi investigar o currículo escolar da Escola Indígena Estadual no Uiramutã frente às normatizações estabelecidas pela Secretaria de Estado de Educação e Desporto, Conselho Nacional de Educação, Conselho Estadual de Educação, entre outros. Para tanto, os objetivos específicos foram caracterizar elementos do currículo escolar das Escolas Estaduais Indígenas do município de Uiramutã, descrever parte da execução do currículo escolar e identificar a funcionalidade do currículo escolar das escolas indígenas desse município. A pesquisa teve como direcionamento metodológico a abordagem qualitativa, tendo como foco a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa documental somadas ao estudo de caso acerca do currículo indígena das Escolas Estaduais Indígenas do Uiramutã. Tratando-se da análise de dados, esta pesquisa utilizou, metodologicamente, o estudo de caso, tendo o currículo escolar indígena de escolas estaduais do município de Uiramutã como a unidade de análise adotada neste estudo por meio da coleta de evidências nos documentos citados, registros de serviços e observação direta (YIN, 2010). Em síntese, as escolas indígenas têm um currículo trilíngue, com uma carga horária superior as demais escolas, contribuindo com o caráter interdisciplinar que promove uma aprendizagem significativa e de grande relevância para as comunidades indígenas.

SMARCA2 has been identified as a synthetic lethal target in SMARCA4 mutated tumors, however, homology between the two has hindered the development of selective SMARCA2 inhibitors. Here, the authors synthesize a proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) capable of SMARCA2 specific degradation and demonstrate its utility in the treatment of SMARCA4 mutated tumors.