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Introduction: the aim of our study was to assess the level of knowledge of physicians at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bouaké about criminal medical liability. Material and methods : this was a prospective cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical aims carried out over two months (from July 15 to September 15, 2022) on the knowledge of doctors at the CHU de Bouaké about criminal liability in the exercise of their profession. The study involved 227 doctors practicing at Bouaké University Hospital. Results: The doctors surveyed were aged between 25 and 35 years (n= 134; 57.4%), male (n= 169; 74.4%), with an average age of 35.1 years, and from different medical specialties (n= 124; 54.6%). Doctors were unaware of the limitation period for medical liability (n= 197; 86.7%). Homicide was considered the most frequently cited common law fault by doctors (n= 40; 47.6%). Most doctors reported non-assistance to a person in danger as a criminal offence specific to medical practice (n= 27; 37.7%), followed by illegal practice of medicine (n= 11; 15.7%) and negligence in the medical act (n= 8; 11.4%). Conclusion: the criminal responsibility of the doctor is unknown to all the doctors surveyed. It is important to organize ongoing training courses on criminal liability for doctors to improve their level of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toxoplasmosis is a common cosmopolitan parasitic zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Most often asymptomatic, toxoplasmosis can be serious for the foetus if it occurs during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among female students to contribute to the knowledge of the epidemiology of this disease. We conducted a cross-sectional study on female medical students in Bouake. The students were included after obtaining informed consent and were interviewed about their socio-demographic characteristics, gynaeco-obstetric history, factors favouring toxoplasmosis, and blood samples were collected. The samples were analysed by ELISA at the Bouake University Hospital laboratory. The collected data were entered and analysed using Word, Excel 2013, and Epi Info 7. The 168 female students included had an average age of 24 years, were married (6%), had a history of pregnancy (23.8%), were nulliparous (91.7%), had a cat (39.3%), and ate undercooked meat (72%). An overall seroprevalence of 67.9% was observed, of which 66.7% was IgG and 3.6% IgM. There was a statistically significant relationship between anti-toxoplasma seropositivity, age and the presence of a cat in the family. The overall seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among female students at the Bouake Medical Sciences training and research unit was high. Therefore, students whose serology was negative should be made aware of the need to have a check-up in the event of pregnancy, so that appropriate measures can be taken as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JLES) is an autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology. It is more common in girls but can occur in boys. Its onset at an early age is more severe, causing potentially fatal damage if not treated early. It is a polymorphous condition, misleading at first and little known in our African populations. We report a case of 12 years of misdiagnosis in a 17-year-old boy living in a semi-rural environment. This case illustrates the shortage of paediatric rheumatologists and marks a breaking point in the diagnosis of the disease, which is sometimes difficult even for practitioners, making it difficult for sick children to access care. It is important to make the general public, as well as nurses and doctors, aware of the importance of early diagnosis for effective and efficient treatment.

Les villes de Bouaké et de Korhogo sont confrontées à une grave crise de logement décent qui se traduit par un accès difficile à un logement décent. En conséquence, il s’en suit une situation de mal-logement des ménages. Ainsi, cet article analyse les impacts socio-économiques et environnementaux du difficile accès aux logements décents et les stratégies résidentielles des ménages. À travers une méthodologie axée sur la recherche documentaire et l’enquête de terrain (l’observation directe, les entretiens et l’enquête par questionnaire), les résultats montrent, d’abord, que les ménages vivent dans des logements à faible niveau de commodité et surpeuplés (2,27 à Korhogo contre 2,16 à Bouaké). Ensuite, ils révèlent que 33,2% des ménages locataires vivent dans un logement surpeuplé. Enfin, les locataires déploient trois principales stratégies pour la satisfaction d’un droit fondamental. Ce sont les stratégies par connaissance, par substitution et via les agences immobilières.

Bouaké, second city of Côte d’Ivoire after Abidjan has been experiencing an important and dynamic urbanization. In this running phenomenon, the non-attendance of a constant public transportation services such as autobuses engendered the birth of three modes of public transport. Minibuses, commonly known as gbakas and communal taxis appeared in after independence before then appeared in 2002 the bikes taxi, during the political and armed conflict. Despite, some permanent dangers such as the bad quality of the services and the vehicles linked to these types of mutual transport Bouaké’s citizens use them. For, they sometimes have no choice.

L'anémie sévère est la seule anomalie à l'hémogramme définie comme critère de gravité du paludisme. Cependant, il existe d'autres perturbations à l'hémogramme non encore décrites au CHU de Bouaké. L'objectif était d'étudier les anomalies observées à l'hémogramme au cours du paludisme grave de l'enfant pour l'amélioration du pronostic. Étude transversale menée dans le service de pédiatrie du CHU de Bouaké de janvier à mars 2021. Les cas de paludisme grave avec bilan paraclinique comportant au moins un hémogramme ont été inclus. Les paramètres d'étude étaient sociodémographiques, cliniques et biologiques. La comparaison des variables était faite avec le test de Chi2 ou le test exact de Fisher au seuil de significativité p < 0,05. Deux cent huit cas de paludisme grave dont 203 avec une anomalie à l'hémogramme sur au moins une lignée sanguine soit une fréquence des anomalies de 97,60 %. Le sex-ratio était de 1,74 avec un âge médian de 29 mois [6–144 mois]. Les motifs d'admission étaient dominés par : fièvre (83,17 %), vomissements (50,48 %) et anémie (49,04 %). La parasitémie moyenne était de 13 321,92 trophozoïtes/μL [800–150 000]. Les formes de gravité étaient : anémie sévère (79,81 %), formes neurologiques (10,10 %), formes neuro-anémiques (5,29 %), hyperparasitémie (4,80 %). Les principales anomalies à l'hémogramme étaient l'anémie (97,6 %), la thrombopénie (82,69 %), la lymphopénie (68,75 %) et l'hyperleucocytose (63,94 %). La létalité était de 4,81 %. Les facteurs significativement associés au décès étaient la thrombopénie profonde < 25 000/μL (p < 0,000001), l'anémie sévère < 5 g/dL (p < 0,001) et la densité parasitaire ≥ 50 000 trophozoïtes/μL (p < 0,006). La thrombopénie et la lymphopénie sont aussi fréquentes au cours du paludisme grave de l'enfant. La thrombopénie profonde est un facteur de mauvais pronostic d'où l'intérêt d'études complémentaires afin de la retenir éventuellement comme critère de gravité. Severe anemia is the only blood count abnormality defined as a criterion of malaria severity. However, there are other blood count abnormalities that have not yet been described at Bouaké University Hospital. The aim of this study was to investigate the blood count abnormalities observed in severe malaria in children with a view to improving the prognosis. Cross-sectional study conducted in the Paediatrics Department of the Bouaké University Hospital from January to March 2021. Cases of severe malaria with a paraclinical work-up including at least one blood count were included. The study parameters were sociodemographic, clinical and biological. Variables were compared using the Chi2 test or Fisher's exact test at a significance level of p < 0.05. Two hundred and eight cases of severe malaria, including 203 with a blood count abnormality in at least one blood line, i.e. a frequency of abnormalities of 97.60%. The sex ratio was 1.74 with a median age of 29 months [6–144 months]. Reasons for admission were dominated by fever (83.17%), vomiting (50.48%) and anemia (49.04%). Mean parasitaemia was 13,321.92 trophozoites/μL [800–15,000]. The forms of severity were: severe anemia (79.81%), neurological forms (10.10%), neuro-anemic forms (5.29%), hyperparasitemia (4.80%). The main blood count abnormalities were anemia (97.6%), thrombocytopenia (82.69%), lymphopenia (68.75 %) and hyperleukocytosis (63.94%). Case fatality was 4.81%. Factors significantly associated with death were profound thrombocytopenia < 25,000/μL (p < 0.000001), severe anemia < 5 g/dL (p < 0.001) and parasite density ≥ 50,000 trophozoites/μL (p < 0.006). Thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia are also common in severe malaria in children. Profound thrombocytopenia is a poor prognostic factor, hence the need for further studies to determine whether it should be included as a criterion of severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Eave tube technology is a novel method of insecticide application that uses an electrostatic coating system to boost insecticide efficacy against resistant mosquitoes. A series of previous experiments showed encouraging insecticidal effects against malaria vectors. This study was undertaken to assess the effects of the eave tube approach on other Culicidae, in particular Culex quinquefasciatus, under laboratory and semi-field conditions. Methods Larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus from Bouaké were collected and reared to adult stage, and World Health Organization (WHO) cylinder tests were performed to determine their resistance status. WHO standard 3-min cone bioassays were conducted using PermaNet 2.0 netting versus eave tube-treated inserts. To assess the transient exposure effect on Cx. quinquefasciatus, eave tube assay utilizing smelly socks as attractant was performed with exposure time of 30 s, 1 min, and 2 min on 10% beta-cyfluthrin-treated inserts. Residual activity of these treated inserts was then monitored over 9 months. Field tests involving release–recapture of Cx. quinquefasciatus within enclosures around experimental huts fitted with windows and untreated or insecticide-treated eave tubes were conducted to determine house entry preference and the impact of tubes on the survival of this species. Results Bouaké Cx. quinquefasciatus displayed high resistance to three out of four classes of insecticides currently used in public health. After 3 min of exposure in cone tests, 10% beta-cyfluthrin-treated inserts induced 100% mortality in Cx. quinquefasciatus, whereas the long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) only killed 4.5%. With reduced exposure time on the eave tube insert, mortality was still 100% after 2 min, 88% after 1 min, and 44% after 30 s. Mortality following 1 h exposure on 10% beta-cyfluthrin-treated insert was > 80% continuously up to 7 months post-treatment. Data suggest that Cx. quinquefasciatus have a stronger preference for entering a house through the eaves than through windows. Beta-cyfluthrin-treated inserts were able to kill 51% of resistant Cx. quinquefasciatus released within the enclosure. Conclusions Eave tubes are a novel method for delivery of insecticide to the house. They attract nuisance host-seeking Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes and are as effective in controlling them as they are against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae, despite the high level of resistance Cx. quinquefasciatus have developed. Graphical Abstract

Objectif : Etudier les caractéristiques épidémiologiques et cliniques des lombalgies communes en milieu estudiantin. Patients et méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale qui s’est déroulée pendant deux mois au cours de l’année universitaire 2020 à 2021, à l’université Alassane Ouattara de Bouaké. Nous avons inclus tous les étudiants de la troisième à la septième année participant régulièrement aux activités académiques. Les étudiants souffrant d’une lombalgie symptomatique non pas été inclus dans l’étude. Ont été recueillis et analysées, les données sociodémographiques, cliniques, ainsi que les répercussions sur le rendement universitaire. Résultats : Au total 249 étudiants qui ont été inclus dans l’étude. Deux cent trente et sept étudiants (237) ont répondu au questionnaire et 208 fiches étaient exploitables. Soixante-douze (72) étudiants ont rapporté des lombalgies soit une fréquence de 34,6 %. Le sex-ratio H/F était de 4,5. La moyenne d’âge était de 24,5 ans. L’IMC était compris entre 18 et 25 kg/m2 dans 95,83% cas. Des antécédents familiaux de lombalgie étaient présents dans 48,6% (35 cas), des antécédents traumatiques dans 22,2 % (16 cas) et une notion de tabagisme dans 16,7 % (12 cas). Un sport de loisirs était pratiqué par 93 % des étudiants lombalgiques. Un facteur déclenchant a été retrouvé chez tous les étudiants lombalgiques : position debout prolongée : 61,1 % (44 cas), position assise prolongée : 44,4 % (32 cas), manutention de charges lourdes : 23,6 % (17 cas). La réduction du temps d’étude, absentéisme, baisse de moyenne, redoublement constituaient les répercussions sur le rendement universitaire. Conclusion : la lombalgie commune affecte les sujets jeunes en milieu universitaire et constitue un facteur de limitation du rendement universitaire.

Background: Eave tube technology is a novel method of insecticide application that uses an electrostatic coating system to boost insecticide efficacy against resistant mosquitoes. A series of previous experiments showed encouraging insecticidal effects against malaria vectors. This study was undertaken to assess the effects of the eave tube approach on other Culicidae, in particular Culex quinquefasciatus, under laboratory and semi-field conditions. Methods: Larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus from Bouaké were collected and reared to adult stage, and World Health Organization (WHO) cylinder tests were performed to determine their resistance status. WHO standard 3-min cone bioassays were conducted using PermaNet 2.0 netting versus eave tube-treated inserts. To assess the transient exposure effect on Cx. quinquefasciatus, eave tube assay utilizing smelly socks as attractant was performed with exposure time of 30 s, 1 min, and 2 min on 10% beta-cyfluthrin-treated inserts. Residual activity of these treated inserts was then monitored over 9 months. Field tests involving release–recapture of Cx. quinquefasciatus within enclosures around experimental huts fitted with windows and untreated or insecticide-treated eave tubes were conducted to determine house entry preference and the impact of tubes on the survival of this species. Results: Bouaké Cx. quinquefasciatus displayed high resistance to three out of four classes of insecticides currently used in public health. After 3 min of exposure in cone tests, 10% beta-cyfluthrin-treated inserts induced 100% mortality in Cx. quinquefasciatus, whereas the long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) only killed 4.5%. With reduced exposure time on the eave tube insert, mortality was still 100% after 2 min, 88% after 1 min, and 44% after 30 s. Mortality following 1 h exposure on 10% beta-cyfluthrin-treated insert was > 80% continuously up to 7 months post-treatment. Data suggest that Cx. quinquefasciatus have a stronger preference for entering a house through the eaves than through windows. Beta-cyfluthrin-treated inserts were able to kill 51% of resistant Cx. quinquefasciatus released within the enclosure. Conclusions: Eave tubes are a novel method for delivery of insecticide to the house. They attract nuisance host-seeking Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes and are as effective in controlling them as they are against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae, despite the high level of resistance Cx. quinquefasciatus have developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Previous studies have revealed high malaria transmission in Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire. The sociopolitical crisis in the country and the resulting environmental changes have raised the need to update existing knowledge on mosquito vector species and malaria transmission. Methods Adult mosquitoes were caught using the human landing catch (HLC) sampling method in Bouaké. They were collected in six districts representative of the diversity in urban landscapes. Sampling points were selected along the water network crossing the city and monitored from 2020 to 2021 to detect the presence of anopheline larvae. PCR techniques were used to ascertain the species of the Anopheles gambiae complex, Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infection in a subset of Anopheles vectors, and insecticide resistance mechanisms in Anopheles arabiensis only. Results A total of 4599 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected and then identified. Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) made up the majority of the whole collection (99%) while Anopheles funestus (0.7%), Anopheles ziemanni (0.2%), Anopheles pharoensis (0.2%) represented the remaining proportion of collection. Among the Anopheles gambiae complex, three species were identified namely An. gambiae sensu stricto (45.9%), Anopheles coluzzii (52.2%), and Anopheles arabiensis (1.9%). The first two species had already been collected in Bouaké, however this is the first time that An. arabiensis is reported in Côte d’Ivoire. Anopheles arabiensis was also collected during the larval surveys in a similar proportion (1.1%) in the same areas as the adults. Conclusions This study detected the presence of An. arabiensis for the first time in Côte d’Ivoire. This species was found quite far from its usual geographic area and its expansion could be linked to the urbanization process. Although no An. arabiensis was found to be infected by Plasmodium sp., its role in malaria transmission in Bouaké has to be explored, particularly since its exophagic behaviour raises the issue of control measures and the use of insecticide-impregnated nets. The spread of this species in Côte d'Ivoire should be assessed through further research in additional towns in the country.

Objectif : Identifier les étiologies des infections et déterminer les facteurs de risque de mortalité chez le diabétique à Bouaké. Patients et méthode : Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective menée en médecine interne de janvier 2020 à décembre 2021. La population d’étude était constituée de patients diabétiques hospitalisés et infectés. L’analyse des données a été faite avec le logiciel Epi Info 7.2.3.1. Résultats : La prévalence de l’infection chez le diabétique hospitalisé était de 75,1%. L’âge moyen des patients était de 52 ans. Le sex-ratio était de 0,7. Le diabète était de découverte fortuite dans 50% et le diabète de type 2 (88,2%) prédominait. Les motifs d’hospitalisation étaient dominés par l’acidocétose (58,1 %), le déséquilibre glycémique (19,1 %) et l’hyperglycémie (10,3 %). La fièvre était présente dans 41,2 %. Les principales infections étaient les infections urinaires (29,4%), les pneumopathies (28,7%), le paludisme (21,3%), les infections cutanées (13,2%) et le foyer indéterminé (7,3%). Les germes identifiés étaient le plasmodium (21,3%), Escherichia coli (8,8%), staphylocoque (8,3%), des levures (8,3%) et enterobacter (6,7%). Les bêtalactamines (75,6%) étaient le traitement anti infectieux le plus prescrit. La mortalité était de 14,7% en lien avec le diabète de type 1 (p=0,001), l’ancienneté du diabète supérieur à 5 ans (p=0,005), la latence d’hospitalisation supérieure à 7 jours (p=0,001), le foyer cutanéomuqueux (p=0,005) et le sepsis (p=0,001). Conclusion : Les infections du diabétique sont fréquentes et les étiologies sont variées. Elles doivent être systématiquement recherchées chez le diabétique hospitalisé

Bilateral facial clefts are type 7 facial malformations according to the Tessier classification. They are rare, even rarer are the bilateral cases. After more than twenty years of practice, the authors report two cases in infants. A 1-month-old male infant with breastfeeding difficulties was brought in by his mother. The physical examination showed a macrostomia with malposition of the labial commissures and salivary incontinence. The diagnosis made was an isolated bilateral Tessier type 7 facial cleft. The treatment performed 8 months later consisted in a commissuroplasty with a Z-plasty surgery technique. The functional, aesthetic and psychological-results are considered satisfactory after a 6-year follow-up. A 15-monthold female infant with slurred speech and feeding difficulty was brought in by her mother for. The physical examination showed a macrostomia with malposition of the labial commissures, significant salivary incontinence, a pre-auriculartag and a velar cleft. The diagnosis made was a bilateral Tessier type 7 facial cleft associated with a velar cleft. The treatment performed 7 days later consisted in a commissuroplasty with a Z-plasty surgery technique. The functional and aesthetic results after a follow-up of 6 months are considered as satisfactory. The treatment of bilateral facial clefts must be early to obtain aesthetic, functional and psychologically satisfactory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The objective of this study was to update the epidemiology of tinea capitis in schoolchildren of Bouake city, 16 years later. From mid-February to mid-April 2017, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in the "TSF-Sud" public primary -school group. All pupils present during the survey period had a clinical examination of the scalp. Hair stumps and scales were collected from children who showed symptoms suggestive of tinea capitis. Samples were exposed to direct microscopic examination using 30% potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution under light microscopy and cultured on Sabouraud's agar medium supplemented with chloramphenicol, and cycloheximide with incubation at 27 °C for at least two weeks. The diagnosis of tinea capitis was made when the direct examination and culture of the samples were positive. Among the 803 children aged from 5 to 13 years who were clinically examined, 100 (14.5%) were found to have suspected tinea capitis. All sample were positive on direct examination and 70 were positive on cultures, giving an overall prevalence of 8.7%. No significant differences were observed between sexes (p = 1), age groups (p = 0.26), presence of domestic animals at home (p = 0.64) and hair cut at barber or salon (p = 0.21). The prevalence was higher in children who shared a bed (p = 0.001) and those with a history of ringworm (p < 0.001). Trichophyton soudanense (48.5%), Microsporum audouinii (14.3%), Microsporum ferrugineum (14.3%), were the most isolated dermatophytes. Our study showed a low prevalence of tinea capitis compared to those observed in 2003 in the same region due to improved living conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective of this study was to update the epidemiology of tinea capitis in schoolchildren of Bouake city, 16 years later., Methods: From mid-February to mid-April 2017, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in the "TSF-Sud" public primary -school group. All pupils present during the survey period had a clinical examination of the scalp. Hair stumps and scales were collected from children who showed symptoms suggestive of tinea capitis. Samples were exposed to direct microscopic examination using 30% potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution under light microscopy and cultured on Sabouraud's agar medium supplemented with chloramphenicol, and cycloheximide with incubation at 27 °C for at least two weeks. The diagnosis of tinea capitis was made when the direct examination and culture of the samples were positive., Results: Among the 803 children aged from 5 to 13 years who were clinically examined, 100 (14.5%) were found to have suspected tinea capitis. All sample were positive on direct examination and 70 were positive on cultures, giving an overall prevalence of 8.7%. No significant differences were observed between sexes (p = 1), age groups (p = 0.26), presence of domestic animals at home (p = 0.64) and hair cut at barber or salon (p = 0.21). The prevalence was higher in children who shared a bed (p = 0.001) and those with a history of ringworm (p < 0.001). Trichophyton soudanense (48.5%), Microsporum audouinii (14.3%), Microsporum ferrugineum (14.3%), were the most isolated dermatophytes., Conclusions: Our study showed a low prevalence of tinea capitis compared to those observed in 2003 in the same region due to improved living conditions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have declared any conflicts of interests. The lead author declares that this manuscript has not yet been submitted to another journal. We have no interest in the results published in this manuscript., (Copyright © 2024 SFMM. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The distribution of health care services in Bouaké, as it appears today, is the result of a long process rooted in both the history of the city and in health policies. This study thus focuses on the link between the logic of the establishment of health care structures and access to health care in Bouaké. The results, obtained from a census of all the health structures in the urban area and their geo-positioning, reveal that different rationales for their establishment are at work and that they are at the origin of socio-spatial inequalities in access to health care in Bouaké. Thus, the private sector is more concerned with profitability than with supporting the public sector. The faith-based private sector is characterized by its commitment to vulnerable households. As for the public sector, although it is guided by a desire to respect the health map, it offers poor technical facilities and limited capacity. These differentiated logics of installation result in a concentration of health care facilities in the city center and along the main roads. Health care facilities become scarce as one moves towards the periphery and areas that are difficult to access. This unequal distribution of the health care offer by health care sector reveals potential inequalities in the satisfaction of the health needs of the population.

Objectif : Comparer les manifestations cliniques formes et l’évolution de la COVID-19 chez l’adulte jeune versus chez le sujet âgé et d'identifier leurs facteurs de risque de mortalité. Patients et méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective menée sur 12 mois au centre de prise en de la COVID-19 dans le service des Maladies Infectieuses du CHU de Bouaké. La population d’étude était constituée de patients qui avaient une PCR-COVID-19 positive. Nous avons constitué deux groupes : adultes jeunes (

Yellow fever and dengue are the most prevalent arboviral diseases in Côte d'Ivoire. The data on the resistance to insecticides of Aedes aegypti, main vector of these diseases, are insufficient in the country. The study aims to determine the dynamic and assess the level of insecticides resistance of Ae. aegypti, in Bouaké city. Sampling was performed from November 2016 to August 2017 using the WHO layer-traps method to collect Aedes eggs and WHO tubes tests for assessing Ae. aegypti susceptibility to insecticides. The study revealed the existence of three potential arboviruses vectors in the urban areas of Bouaké: Ae. aegypti, the urban vector, and Ae. luteocephalus and Ae. unilineatus, two sylvatic vectors. The highest densities of Aedes mosquito eggs were recorded during the rainy season and at the beginning of the dry season. The populations of Ae. aegypti showed resistance to deltamethrin and lambdacyhalothrin (mortality rates ranging from 56 to 94%) in all the study sites. Meanwhile, in Kôkô and Air France 1, susceptibility was observed with permethrin. The Ae. aegypti populations exhibited susceptibility to bendiocarb and propoxur (carbamates) and chlorpyriphos-methyl (organophosphates) in all the study sites apart from Air France 1 neighbourhood where its showed resistance to propoxur. We conclude the existence of three potential arboviruses vectors in Bouaké city. Ae. aegypti the most abundant species recorded, was resistant to pyrethroids, insecticides commonly used to control arboviruses vectors. Monitoring of vectors resistance to insecticides would be essential to arboviruses vectors control and surveillance systems in Côte d'Ivoire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have revealed high malaria transmission in Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire. The sociopolitical crisis in the country and the resulting environmental changes have raised the need to update existing knowledge on mosquito vector species and malaria transmission. Methods: Adult mosquitoes were caught using the human landing catch (HLC) sampling method in Bouaké. They were collected in six districts representative of the diversity in urban landscapes. Sampling points were selected along the water network crossing the city and monitored from 2020 to 2021 to detect the presence of anopheline larvae. PCR techniques were used to ascertain the species of the Anopheles gambiae complex, Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infection in a subset of Anopheles vectors, and insecticide resistance mechanisms in Anopheles arabiensis only. Results: A total of 4599 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected and then identified. Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) made up the majority of the whole collection (99%) while Anopheles funestus (0.7%), Anopheles ziemanni (0.2%), Anopheles pharoensis (0.2%) represented the remaining proportion of collection. Among the Anopheles gambiae complex, three species were identified namely An. gambiae sensu stricto (45.9%), Anopheles coluzzii (52.2%), and Anopheles arabiensis (1.9%). The first two species had already been collected in Bouaké, however this is the first time that An. arabiensis is reported in Côte d'Ivoire. Anopheles arabiensis was also collected during the larval surveys in a similar proportion (1.1%) in the same areas as the adults. Conclusions: This study detected the presence of An. arabiensis for the first time in Côte d'Ivoire. This species was found quite far from its usual geographic area and its expansion could be linked to the urbanization process. Although no An. arabiensis was found to be infected by Plasmodium sp., its role in malaria transmission in Bouaké has to be explored, particularly since its exophagic behaviour raises the issue of control measures and the use of insecticide-impregnated nets. The spread of this species in Côte d'Ivoire should be assessed through further research in additional towns in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a group of conditions characterized by chronic inflammatory joint disease of unknown aetiology before the age of 16. This joint damage is complicated by joint deformities, amplitude limitations, muscle imbalances causing a reduction in the functional capacities of the child. The delayed diagnosis, the inaccessibility of biotherapies give rise to deformations which hinder the development of the physical capacities and the social, educational and then professional integration of the child. Objective Sensitize practitioners about early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management of JIA, in order to avoid severe deformities. Observation A 17-year-old girl, out of school, was admitted to a rheumatology unit for the evolution of chronic polyarthralgia with transient skin eruption evolving by inflammatory attack with partial remission since the age of 8 years. There was no notable story. On physical examination, the affected joints were painful. Deformities were observed such as valgus of the knees and forefeet, ulnar deviation of the wrists and nonspecific of the fingers (Figs. 1 and 2). The biological inflammatory syndrome was present with (CRP 90 mg/l, VS 48 mm/h) and a blood count (Hb 12.5 g/dl, Plq 205 000/μL, GB 14. 109/l). Serum ferritin was elevated at 197.7 μg/ml. The other assessments in particular (blood cultures, FAN, FR, blood smears) came back negative. The diagnosis of AJI in systemic form was retained. The X-ray showed osteoarticular destruction with fixed exostoses, Larsen's stage 4 (Figs. 3 and 4) and Steinbrocker's stage 3 with minimal functional capacity. The treatment included an NSAID (ibuprofen at 40 mg/kg/day), followed by corticosteroid therapy (Prednisolone at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day) and as background treatment methotrexate (10 mg/week). evolution at 3 months was favorable on the pain. The management of the deformities was the subject of a multidisciplinary consultation meeting (physiotherapists, rheumatologists, orthopedic surgeons and paediatricians) very expensive for the parents. Thus it benefited a physical treatment made up of joint maintenance physiotherapy and equipment for joints that are still mobile. E59 Figures 1 and 2 Open in new tab Download slide E59 Figures 3 and 4 Open in new tab Download slide Discussion In Africa, osteoarticular pathology in children most often evokes diagnoses of sickle cell disease and acute articular rheumatism. From the first symptoms, children are referred to traditional healers, especially in rural areas where there is no specialist, then to pediatrics [1]. These reasons could explain the long delay in diagnosis as in the patient whose delay was 9 years. The diagnostic age of our patient was 17 years, higher than elsewhere [2] but consistent with the results of Diomandé in Abidjan with an average delay of 10 years [3]. Most studies find a female predominance with an age of onset between 4 and 8 years [4, 5]. In our patient, the involvement was polyarticular from the outset and the FRs were negative, as in most studies [1, 3]. The presence of these deformities was a source of significant handicap in our patient, which led to her dropping out of school, as stipulated in the literature. In first intention, we used NSAIDs, however unsatisfactory. Faced with the persistence of pain, she received prednisolone at 1 mg/kg/d favorable. As basic treatment she received methotrexate, biotherapies being inaccessible in our context because of their high cost. The management of deformities was the subject of a multidisciplinary consultation meeting (physiotherapists, rheumatologists, orthopedic surgeons and paediatricians) whose costs were beyond the reach of indigent parents. Conclusion The diagnosis and the multidisciplinary treatment must be early and continuous of the disease in order to avoid the deformations, which once installed are irreversible. References 1. V. Weber, L. Goffin, A. Kolivras, C. Adler and G. Casimir. An atypical case of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Rev Med Brux 2017; 38: 511–4 2. Diomandé M, Coulibaly AK, Kouakou ESCL, Yao JC. Profile of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Observed in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire): A Report about 17 Cases. British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research. 2016; 16 (11): 1–6 3. Chkirate B, Jabouril F, Aïtouamar H, Rouiti A et al. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (about 70 cases). Medical hope. 2001; 8: 256–260 4. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis—Focus on Disability/Orphanet Disability Encyclopedia www.orpha.net/data/patho/Han/Int/fr/ArthriteJuvenileIdiopathique%5fFR%5ffr%5fHAN%5fORPHA92.pdf | January 2018 5. F. Beltramo, Claude Gavillot, Irène Lemelle, Danièle Sommelet. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Rheumatism Review 70 (2003) 507–510 Conflict of interest None [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inguinal hernia is one of the most frequent pathologies in surgery and is defined by the passage of abdominal or pelvic contents through the inguinal orifice [1]. However, an inguinal hernia is said to be of the bladder when the contents involve the bladder [2]. It is rare and most often discovered intraoperatively [3]. We report a case of left inguinal bladder hernia diagnosed by ultrasound. This was a 74-year-old patient who consulted for dysuria associated with bilateral inguino-scrotal swelling. A vesico-prostatic ultrasound was performed using a Samsung ultrasound scanner equipped with high and low frequency probes and a pulsed and color Doppler mode. At the end of this examination, the diagnosis of a left inguinal hernia of the bladder was made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contexte : La pandémie de Covid-19 impacte les systèmes de santé du monde. Les agents de santé sont en première ligne de la lutte. La prise en charge des patients met donc à risque de contamination ces agents de santé. L’observance de mesures de prévention contre une maladie est affectée par la connaissance de la dite maladie. Objectif : Cette étude sur les connaissances, perceptions et pratiques menée auprès des agents de santé ivoiriens a pour but de contribuer à la lutte contre la Covid-19 en milieu de soins. Méthodes : Nous avons mené une étude transversale à visée descriptive, du 05 au 10 mai 2020 auprès des agents de santé exerçant dans les Etablissements Sanitaires de Premier Contact (ESPC) d’une région sanitaire. La taille d’échantillon a été déterminée à l’aide du logiciel Epi Info TM. Notre population d’étude était composée de 363 agents de santé issus des 6 districts sanitaires. Résultats : La presque totalité des sujets inclus dans notre étude avait un bon niveau de connaissance globale (99,17%). Ils percevaient la Covid-19 comme une maladie très grave (86,78%) et très contagieuse (97,52%). Moins du sixième (17%) des sujets disposant des masques ne les utilisait pas régulièrement ; et la principale raison évoquée était principalement l’insuffisance des masques (89.66%). Par ailleurs La presque totalité des sujets procédait à un lavage régulier des mains avec de l’eau et du savon (98.07). Conclusion : Ces pratiques à risque constatées dans notre étude soulèvent la problématique de la gestion des ressources dans les contextes épidémiques

Introduction: The most frequent adverse events in healthcare are healthcare-associated infections, whose burden is highest in resource-limited settings. In addition, low resource settings often lack Hand Hygiene (HH) knowledge and reliable supply to disinfectant, a necessity emphasized by the past West African Ebola Epidemic and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. PASQUALE aims to increase patient safety by introducing the WHO multimodal HH strategy in the University Hospital Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire. Methods: Assessment of HH knowledge, perception and compliance was performed 12 months before, right after the intervention and at a ten months interval using questionnaires for knowledge and perception and direct observation for compliance. The intervention consisted of a HH training and the introduction of local production of alcohol-based hand-rub. In the absence of a control group, the effectiveness of the intervention was assessed by a before-and-after study. Results: Baseline knowledge score was 14/25, increased significantly to 17/25 (p < 0.001) upon first and decreased to 13/25 in second follow-up. Compliance showed a significant increase from 12.7% to 36.8% (p < 0.001) in first and remained at 36.4% in second follow-up. Alcohol-based hand-rub production and consumption almost doubled after first confirmed COVID-19 case in Côte d'Ivoire. Conclusion: The WHO HH improvement strategy is an effective and pandemic-adaptable method to increase long-term HH compliance. This study emphasizes that the implementation of the strategy to build a robust system is of utmost importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction : La pandémie ouest-africaine de 2013-2016 de la maladie à virus Ebola a provoqué une psychose mondiale. Le gouvernement ivoirien, fort de la proximité géographique de la Côte d’Ivoire avec les pays touchés, a instauré plusieurs mesures. Il s’agissait entres autres d’un vaste programme d’éducation sanitaire de la population constitué de 20 mesures à observer par les populations. Nous avons mené cette étude pour apprécier les raisons de non compliance des populations aux mesures de prévention instituées et les déterminants sociodémographiques en rapport. Méthode: Nous avons mené une étude transversale à visée descriptive et analytique pendant 01 mois, du 11 mars 2017 au 10 avril 2017, dans les ménages de la ville de Bouaké. Nous avons interviewé 405 personnes grâce à un questionnaire. Les logiciels Epi Info 2000 et SPSS 17.0 ont été utilisés pour la saisie et l’analyse statistique des données recueillies. Résultats : Les adultes avaient une moyenne d’âge de 36,34±1,60 ans et les enfants de 13,1 4± 11,27 ans. Certains enfants étaient non-scolarisés (4,3%) et les adultes avaient un niveau d’instruction supérieur dans 31,3% des cas. Les mesures les moins observées étaient les mesures 3 (42,5%), 1 (8,6%), 5 (5,7%) et 7 (5,7%). Les raisons les plus évoquées étaient la courtoisie (27,4%), l’habitude (21,0%), le respect de la coutume (13,1%) et l’oubli (11,6%). Pour la mesure 1, toutes les caractéristiques sociodémographiques y étaient statistiquement associés (p

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The present study aims to show the contradictions between the policy of free delivery care and its effective application at the University Hospital Center (CHU) of Bouaké. To do this, we interviewed, through four semistructured individual interviews, 20 deliveries and five of their escorts, two gynecologists-obstetricians, two unit supervisors and three midwives, for a total of thirty-two people-resources. This study shows that implementation difficulties depend on perceptions of the content of free delivery care. The negative implications of divergences between users and practitioners undermine the improvement of maternal and child health in Côte d'Ivoire, contrary to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction : Dans les pays en développement, les risques de contamination des aliments sont à la fois présents à domicile que chez les vendeurs mais avec un risque de contamination plus élevé des aliments de la rue. Au regard des risques encourus par la transmission de maladies par les aliments, nous avons mené cette étude auprès des élèves de Bouaké afin d'apprécier leurs connaissances, attitudes et pratiques vis-à-vis de l'hygiène des aliments vendus dans les rues dans le but d'améliorer les comportements en hygiène alimentaire des élèves. Méthode : Nous avons mené une étude transversale à visée descriptive dans quatre établissements secondaires, dont deux publics et deux privés, de la ville de Bouaké. Nous avons interviewé 448 élèves grâce à un questionnaire. Le logiciel SPSS 17.0 a été utilisé pour la saisie et l'analyse des données recueillies. Résultats : Les élèves interrogés avaient un âge médian de 16 ±5,2 ans, étaient majoritairement de sexe masculin (60,0%) et percevaient de l'argent de poche dans 92,2% des cas. Nos enquêtés affirmaient qu'il fallait se laver les mains avec de l'eau et du savon (99,1%) et se lavaient systématiquement les mains avant chaque repas (94,9%). Ils ne faisaient pas confiance aux aliments vendus à l'école ou dans la rue (64, 1%) et certains élèves interrogés disaient être tombés malades après consommation d'aliments vendus dans la rue (53,6%). Conclusion : Le respect des pratiques d'hygiène alimentaire est le garant de la prévention de nombreuses maladies infectieuses. Des dispositions en rapport avec un meilleur contrôle de l'alimentation de rue devraient être prises pour minimiser le risque de survenue des maladies infectieuses liées à l'Alimentation de la rue

Introduction : La pandémie ouest-africaine de 2013-2016 de la maladie à virus Ebola a provoqué une psychose mondiale. Le gouvernement ivoirien, fort de la proximité géographique de la Côte d'Ivoire avec les pays touchés, a instauré plusieurs mesures. Il s'agissait entres autres d'un vaste programme d'éducation sanitaire de la population constitué de 20 mesures à observer par les populations. Nous avons mené cette étude pour apprécier les raisons de non compliance des populations aux mesures de prévention instituées et les déterminants sociodémographiques en rapport. Méthode: Nous avons mené une étude transversale à visée descriptive et analytique pendant 01 mois, du 11 mars 2017 au 10 avril 2017, dans les ménages de la ville de Bouaké. Nous avons interviewé 405 personnes grâce à un questionnaire. Les logiciels Epi Info 2000 et SPSS 17.0 ont été utilisés pour la saisie et l'analyse statistique des données recueillies. Résultats : Les adultes avaient une moyenne d'âge de 36,34±1,60 ans et les enfants de 13,1 4± 11,27 ans. Certains enfants étaient non-scolarisés (4,3%) et les adultes avaient un niveau d'instruction supérieur dans 31,3% des cas. Les mesures les moins observées étaient les mesures 3 (42,5%), 1 (8,6%), 5 (5,7%) et 7 (5,7%). Les raisons les plus évoquées étaient la courtoisie (27,4%), l'habitude (21,0%), le respect de la coutume (13,1%) et l'oubli (11,6%). Pour la mesure 1, toutes les caractéristiques sociodémographiques y étaient statistiquement associés (p

Bouaké, the second city of Côte d'Ivoire after Abidjan and the first economical hub of the centre of the country, was under military control from 2002 to 2011.During this decade, this city was depopulated for the south areas of the country, where the security was considered more reassuring. In 2011, with the official end of the belligerence, the town of Bouaké has known a striking expansion due to the new demographic process, apart from some civil servants and officers who were on duty in this place and fled for the south. However, the production of housing has not yet achieved the expected results to satisfy properly the inhabitants. This article aims at explaining the social and special effects of shortage of accommodation in Bouaké. The research focuses on a methodical approach based on exploitation of files collected in the city of Bouake and an inquiry done on the spot which has been approved by some looking-out of the urban landscape and some interviews of some main local players. The result of this study shows a great gap concerning the typology of housing in this town resulting from the special evolution in the East and West side of the city and some private initiatives of people which over rides property developers. But the rate of the tenant rents (52.83%) is always higher than those of the owners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanism's the discipline that tries to go with the development of the city. It tries to analyze the mechanism that is at the base of the production of urban spaces. Besides, it aims at making the findings operative by giving to the city all the necessary tools for its development and its daily administration. This method of town-planning aims at a spatial organization of the city divided into private spaces occupied with accommodation and public spaces. Here, the public space can be considered as all the streets or highways network and its holds, composed of places and parks which invade the districts. According to the town- planning norms, these public areas play an esthetic and functional role that is primordial in the urban space organization. However, public spaces are misappropriated according to their town-planning role in the cities of developing countries, particularly in the city of Bouake in Côte d'Ivoire. The appropriation modes vary from the settlings with the development of these places to the occupancies with basic equip mentor without any accommodation. Therefore, urban public spaces are exploited in the purpose of economic activities. Particularly in the non-official sector. At the same time, they are, on the one hand, source of revenue from taxation and place of safety job for some people, and on the other hand, source of disorder in city. Face to this dilemma of public spaces occupation, the authorities keeps applying double standards with the invaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barriers to immunization are seen in both the general population and the health care workforce. We conducted this study to determine the perception of health workers on vaccination and the immunization of their patients. This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was carried out among the medical staff in Bouaké, from 10 January to 07 March 2016. The data collected from the interviews were analyzed using Epi info 2000 software and SPSS 17.0. The Chi-2 test and logistic regression were performed and the significance threshold of the tests was 5%. The vaccination status of the 291 health care workers (HCWs) for the hepatitis B virus (HBV) was statistically related to their participation in the course in vaccination during their training (ORa = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.04-2.75 P<0.05) and the systematic verification of the vaccination status of the patient was statistically related to the vaccination status of the HCW (ORa = 4.33, 95% CI: 2.97-8.18, P<0.05). Promoting the vaccination among the population should be dependent on the promotion among HCWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O trabalho objetivou avaliar o desempenho produtivo de três linhagens de tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), GIFT, Bouaké e Chitralada, durante a produção de juvenis no período de fevereiro a maio de 2007. Os alevinos sexualmente revertidos foram alojados em 12 hapas com 9 m3, instaladas em um tanque escavado com 0,7 ha de lâmina de água. Ao final de 93 dias de cultivo, verificou-se que houve diferença significativa para a sobrevivência entre as três linhagens (p < 0,05), em que a GIFT (96,80%) superou a Chitralada (90,85%) e Bouaké (77,74%). O peso médio final (40,49, 34,53 e 32,42 g), ganhode peso diário (0,43, 0,37 e 0,34 g dia-1), conversão alimentar (1,80, 1,81 e 1,81) e biomassa final (19.594,79, 19.528,85 e 16.488,99 g) não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre aGIFT, Bouaké e Chitralada, respectivamente. A média dos peixes com peso acima de 25 g superou 80% dos lotes, garantindo uniformidade e padronização dos juvenis. Nos peixes, os metais tóxicos cádmio e chumbo ficaram acima do limite tolerável, porém o metal cromonão foi detectado. A linhagem GIFT apresenta a melhor performance apenas em relação à sobrevivência, neste sistema de cultivo, porém com maior acúmulo de metais pesados em comparação às outras duas linhagens.This assay aimed to evaluate the productive performance of three Niletilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) strains – GIFT (Genetic Improvement of Farmed Tilapia), Bouake and Chitralada – during the production of juveniles from February to May, 2007. The sexually reverted fingerlings were stored in twelve 9 m3 hapa nets installed in a pondwith 0.7 ha water blade. At the end of 93 days of culture, a significant change in survival among the three strains (p < 0.05) was verified, where GIFT (96.80%) surpassed Chitralada (90.85%) and Bouake (77.74%). The average final weight (40.49, 34.53 and 32.42 g), daily body mass gain (0.43, 0.37 and 0.34 g day-1) feed conversion (1.80; 1.81 and 1.81) and final biomass (19,594.79, 19,528.85 and 16,488.99 g), did not present significant differences among GIFT, Bouake and Chitralada, respectively. The average of fish over 25 g was over 80% of the lots, which guaranteed uniformity and standardization of the juveniles. The toxic metals cadmium and lead were above the tolerable level in the fish; however, the metal chromium was not detected. The GIFT strain presented the best performance only for the survival rate in this culture system, although it contained high indices of heavy metals in comparison with the other two strains.

Background: Diabetic infections are frequent and the etiologies are multiple. The present study aims to identify the etiologies of the infections of the diabetic patient hospitalized in the University Teaching Hospital of Bouake in Côte d'Ivoire., Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in the Internal Medicine Department from January 2019 to December 2020. The study population consisted of hospitalized and infected diabetic patients. Of this study population we included in the study 136 patients. Data analysis was done with Epi Info 7.2.3.1 software., Results: The prevalence of infection in hospitalized diabetics was 75.1%. The mean age of the patients was 52 ± 13.4 years. The sex ratio was 0.7. Diabetes was incidentally discovered in 50% and type 2 diabetes (88.2%) predominated. The reasons for hospitalization were dominated by ketoacidosis (58.1%), glycemic imbalance (19.1%) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemia syndrome (10.3%). Fever was present in 41.2% of cases. The infectious foci were urinary tract infections (29.4%), pneumopathies (28.7%), malaria (21.3%), skin infections (13.2%) and the undetermined focus (7.3%). The infectious focus was unique in 90.4%. The germs identified were plasmodium (21.3%), Escherichia coli (8.8%), staphylococcus (8.3%), yeasts (8.3%) and Enterobacter (6.7%). Beta-lactams (75.6%) were the most prescribed anti-infective treatment. Mortality was 14.7% related to type 1 diabetes (p=0.001), duration of diabetes greater than 5 years (p=0.005), hospitalization latency greater than 7 days (p=0.001), mucocutaneous focus (p=0.005) and Undetermined foci (p=0.001)., Conclusion: Diabetic infections are frequent and the etiologies are varied. They must be systematically sought in hospitalized diabetics., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest associated with this study. List of Abbreviations:E. Coli:Escherichia ColiCRP:C-reactive proteinIDF:International Diabetes FederationOAD:oral antidiabeticStaph Aureus: Staphylococcus Aureus T lymphocytes:Thymus lymphocytesUHC:University Hospital CenterUTH:University Teaching HospitalWHO:World Health Organization., (Copyright: © 2023 Afr. J. Infect. Diseases.)

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Background: Skin diseases of the elderly subjects have clinical signs which are different from those of the young people. The purpose of this study was to determine the skin diseases that led elderly people to consult at the Department of Dermatology at the University Teaching Hospital in Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire. Methods: That was a descriptive crosssectional study conducting between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2015 and including patients 65 years and older who were diagnosed with skin diseases the Department of Dermatology at the University Teaching Hospital in Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire. Results: During the study period, 109 patients aged 65 years and older (1.8%) were recruited. These patients consulted for 227 diagnoses. The average age of the patients was 71.8 and sex ratio was 0.7. Mycoses were the major reason for consultation (18.7%) followed by pruritus (17.9%), eczema (13.1%), and (9.0%) tumors with 76.5% of benign tumors and (5.1%) disorders of keratinization. Leg ulcers were 2.1%. Mycoses were represented by intertrigo (52.9%) and dermatomycosis of the glabrous skin (25.7%). Kaposi sarcoma and keloid were the most frequent tumors. Conclusion: Our study shows a predominance of mycosis, eczema, and pruritus in the elderly subjects. Mycoses and pruritus could result from the weather and the skin aging, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inguinal hernia is one of the most frequent pathologies in surgery and is defined by the passage of abdominal or pelvic contents through the inguinal orifice [1]. However, an inguinal hernia is said to be of the bladder when the contents involve the bladder [2]. It is rare and most often discovered intraoperatively [3]. We report a case of left inguinal bladder hernia diagnosed by ultrasound. This was a 74-year-old patient who consulted for dysuria associated with bilateral inguino-scrotal swelling. A vesico-prostatic ultrasound was performed using a Samsung ultrasound scanner equipped with high and low frequency probes and a pulsed and color Doppler mode. At the end of this examination, the diagnosis of a left inguinal hernia of the bladder was made., (Le comité de rédaction se réserve le droit de renvoyer aux auteurs avant toute soumission à l'avis des lecteurs les manuscrits qui ne seraient pas conformes à ces modalités de présentation. En outre il leur conseille de conserver un exemplaire du manuscrit, des figures et des tableaux.)

Introduction: Facial fractures are rare in the pediatric population compared to adults. They represent 1 to 15% of maxilla-facial trauma. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of mandible fractures in children in a developing country., Material and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study - from January 1, 2016 to June 31, 2020 involving 17 cases. It took place in the Department of Odonto-Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Hospital and University Center (CHU) of Bouaké., Results: There were 14 boys (82.35%) and 3 girls (17.65%) i.e. a sex ratio of 4.66. Road traffic accidents were the main cause with 64.72% (n=11). Unifocal fractures were found in 14 patients (82.35%). The seat was parasymphyseal in 29.41% (n=5). Bifocal fractures were found in 3 patients (17.65%). The site was condylar and symphyseal in 2 patients (75%). It involved the symphysis and the horizontal branch in 1 patient (25%). Orthopedic treatment was performed in all patients (100%). The evolution was favorable in all patients, i.e. 100% of cases., Conclusion: The fracture of the mandible in children is a traumatological entity which is an epidemiological and therapeutic particularity., (Le comité de rédaction se réserve le droit de renvoyer aux auteurs avant toute soumission à l'avis des lecteurs les manuscrits qui ne seraient pas conformes à ces modalités de présentation. En outre il leur conseille de conserver un exemplaire du manuscrit, des figures et des tableaux.)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a diversidade genética de quatro linhagens de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) utilizando o marcador RAPD. Foram coletadas amostras de nadadeira de estoques de juvenis das linhagens GIFT (G), Chitralada (C), Supreme (S) e Bouaké (B). Os 11 primers utilizados produziram 81 fragmentos dos quais 41,98% foram polimórficos. A porcentagem de fragmentos polimórficos (G: 18,52%; C: 19,75%; S: 20,99% e B: 24,79%) confirmaram que houve uma diferenciação genética entre as linhagens, mostrando os valores de Gst uma alta (BxG: 0,231; BxC: 0,224; GxC: 0,194 e SxC: 0,208) e elevada (BxS: 0,315 e GxS: 0,270) diferenciação. O fluxo gênico (Nm) foi maior entre as linhagens GxC (2,082). Os valores de distância e identidade genética (0,044 e 0,957 respectivamente) e o dendrograma indicam que as linhagens GxC são os mais semelhantes geneticamente. A similaridade genética foi alta dentro das linhagens (G: 0,932; C: 0,903; S: 0,891 e B: 0.900). Os resultados deste estudo possibilitarão o correto manejo reprodutivo e genético das linhagens.

O trabalho objetivou avaliar o desempenho produtivo de três linhagens de tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), GIFT, Bouaké e Chitralada, durante a produção de juvenis no período de fevereiro a maio de 2007. Os alevinos sexualmente revertidos foram alojados em 12 hapas com 9 m3, instaladas em um tanque escavado com 0,7 ha de lâmina de água. Ao final de 93 dias de cultivo, verificou-se que houve diferença significativa para a sobrevivência entre as três linhagens (p < 0,05), em que a GIFT (96,80%) superou a Chitralada (90,85%) e Bouaké (77,74%). O peso médio final (40,49, 34,53 e 32,42 g), ganho de peso diário (0,43, 0,37 e 0,34 g dia-1), conversão alimentar (1,80, 1,81 e 1,81) e biomassa final (19.594,79, 19.528,85 e 16.488,99 g) não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre a GIFT, Bouaké e Chitralada, respectivamente. A média dos peixes com peso acima de 25 g superou 80% dos lotes, garantindo uniformidade e padronização dos juvenis. Nos peixes, os metais tóxicos cádmio e chumbo ficaram acima do limite tolerável, porém o metal cromo não foi detectado. A linhagem GIFT apresenta a melhor performance apenas em relação à sobrevivência, neste sistema de cultivo, porém com maior acúmulo de metais pesados em comparação às outras duas linhagens.

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Copyright of Cahiers d'Études Africaines is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)